food security and global environmental change
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FOOD SECURITY AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE. Mike Brklacich Carleton University, Canada Inter-American Institute for Global Environment Change, Brazil. [next]. OVERVIEW. Food Security Research Themes Climatic Change & Agriculture: Two Generations of Research - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
FOOD SECURITY AND GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGEENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
Mike BrklacichMike Brklacich
Carleton University, CanadaCarleton University, Canada
Inter-American Institute for Global Inter-American Institute for Global Environment Change, BrazilEnvironment Change, Brazil
[next]
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Food Security Research ThemesFood Security Research Themes Climatic Change & Agriculture: Climatic Change & Agriculture:
Two Generations of ResearchTwo Generations of Research Food Security & Global Environmental Food Security & Global Environmental
Change: Bridging the GapChange: Bridging the Gap
FOOD SECURITY DEFINEDFOOD SECURITY DEFINED
“ “ People having access to sufficient People having access to sufficient stocks and supplies of food to provide a stocks and supplies of food to provide a
nutritionally adequate diet”nutritionally adequate diet”
FOOD SECURITY DIMENSIONSFOOD SECURITY DIMENSIONS
FoodFood
SupplySupply
SpatialSpatial
ScalesScales
Global – Global –
NationalNational
MajorMajor
IssuesIssues
Food supplyFood supply
Stable mktsStable mkts
MajorMajor
ViewsViews
Adequate foodAdequate food
Self-sufficiencySelf-sufficiency
FOOD SECURITY DIMENSIONSFOOD SECURITY DIMENSIONS
FoodFood
SupplySupply
FoodFood
EntitlementEntitlement
SpatialSpatial
ScalesScales
Global – Global –
NationalNational
National –National –
CommunityCommunity
MajorMajor
IssuesIssues
Food supplyFood supply
Stable mktsStable mkts
Food accessFood access
NutritionNutrition
MajorMajor
ViewsViews
Adequate foodAdequate food
Self-sufficiencySelf-sufficiency
Food rightsFood rights
Economic accessEconomic access
FOOD SECURITY DIMENSIONSFOOD SECURITY DIMENSIONS
FoodFood
SupplySupply
FoodFood
EntitlementEntitlement
Food & Food & Human Human SecuritySecurity
SpatialSpatial
ScalesScales
Global – Global –
NationalNational
National –National –
CommunityCommunity
Community - Community - HouseholdHousehold
MajorMajor
IssuesIssues
Food supplyFood supply
Stable mktsStable mkts
Food accessFood access
NutritionNutrition
Coping mech.Coping mech.
Food choiceFood choice
MajorMajor
ViewsViews
Adequate foodAdequate food
Self-sufficiencySelf-sufficiency
Food rightsFood rights
Economic accessEconomic access
LivelihoodsLivelihoods
Household Household viabilityviability
KEY ATTRIBUTES OF FOOD SECURITYKEY ATTRIBUTES OF FOOD SECURITY
Multiple dimensionsMultiple dimensions Multiple scalesMultiple scales Beyond securing food, securing human Beyond securing food, securing human
livelihoodslivelihoods Environmental variability consideredEnvironmental variability considered Environmental change (esp GEC) not a Environmental change (esp GEC) not a
major focus major focus
ADDING GEC TO THE FOOD ADDING GEC TO THE FOOD SECURITY AGENDASECURITY AGENDA
““Adding GEC to the FS research agenda will Adding GEC to the FS research agenda will require an understanding and assessment of require an understanding and assessment of
the socio-economic context within which food the socio-economic context within which food systems are situated as well as GEC processes systems are situated as well as GEC processes
and impacts”and impacts”
CLIMATIC CHANGE & AGRICULTURE :CLIMATIC CHANGE & AGRICULTURE :TWO GENERATIONS OF RESEARCHTWO GENERATIONS OF RESEARCH
Macro-Climatic Change Scenarios
First-Order Impacts:(Regional Agro-climatic Properties)
Second-Order Impacts:(Agric. Land Suitability and Crop
Yields)
Higher-Order Impacts:(Farm and Regional Production)
FIRST GENERATION STUDIES:FIRST GENERATION STUDIES:IMPACTS OF CLIMATIC CHANGEIMPACTS OF CLIMATIC CHANGE
Macro-Climatic Change Scenarios
Impacts
Adaptation Nonresponse Mitigation
SECOND GENERATION STUDIES:SECOND GENERATION STUDIES:RESPONSES TO CLIMATIC CHANGERESPONSES TO CLIMATIC CHANGE
IIASA-FAO STUDYIIASA-FAO STUDY
Source: Fisher et al 2001
Source: Fisher et al 2001
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON CEREAL YIELDSCEREAL YIELDS
Source: Fisher et al 2001
Scenario:HadCM3-A1FI, 2080s Country-level climate change impacts on rain-fed cereal production potential:
Source: Fisher et al 2001
11STST & 2 & 2NDND GENERATION CLIMATIC GENERATION CLIMATIC CHANGE AGRICULTURE STUDIESCHANGE AGRICULTURE STUDIES
RESEARCH ATTRIBUTESRESEARCH ATTRIBUTES Single stressorSingle stressor Slow, incremental GECSlow, incremental GEC Single scaleSingle scale Limited socio-economic changeLimited socio-economic change Vulnerability as a GEC residualVulnerability as a GEC residual
11STST & 2 & 2NDND GENERATION CLIMATIC GENERATION CLIMATIC CHANGE AGRICULTURE STUDIESCHANGE AGRICULTURE STUDIES
CONTRIBUTIONS TO FOOD SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS TO FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENTSASSESSMENTS
Effective assessment of food supply issuesEffective assessment of food supply issues Less able to address food entitlement, food Less able to address food entitlement, food
access and human livelihood perspectivesaccess and human livelihood perspectives
CLIMATIC CHANGE - AGRICULTURECLIMATIC CHANGE - AGRICULTURE & FOOD SECURITY RESEARCH: & FOOD SECURITY RESEARCH:
BRIDGING THE GAP BRIDGING THE GAP
INTEGRATING FOOD SECURITY & INTEGRATING FOOD SECURITY & CLIMATIC CHANGECLIMATIC CHANGE
Broaden Climatic Change Agriculture ContextBroaden Climatic Change Agriculture Context
Multiple stressorsMultiple stressors
Comprehensive scenariosComprehensive scenarios Vulnerability as a Food System Property not a GEC Vulnerability as a Food System Property not a GEC
ResidualResidual Understanding VulnerabilityUnderstanding Vulnerability
Who & what & why?Who & what & why?
Measuring differential vulnerabilityMeasuring differential vulnerability
INTEGRATING FOOD SECURITY & INTEGRATING FOOD SECURITY & CLIMATIC CHANGECLIMATIC CHANGE cont’dcont’d
GEC & Scale IssuesGEC & Scale Issues
Fast vs slow onsetFast vs slow onset
Scale integrationScale integration Science – Policy LinkagesScience – Policy Linkages
Interventions to reduce food system Interventions to reduce food system vulnerability/improve security vulnerability/improve security
Improve adaptive capacity - GEC Improve adaptive capacity - GEC mitigation couplingmitigation coupling
33RDRD GENERATION STUDIES: GENERATION STUDIES:FOOD SYTEM VULNERABILITY-FOOD SYTEM VULNERABILITY-
SECURITY FOCUSSECURITY FOCUS
GUIDING FACTORSGUIDING FACTORS Likelihood an individual or group will be Likelihood an individual or group will be
exposed to and impacted (positively or exposed to and impacted (positively or negatively) by GECnegatively) by GEC
Capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist, Capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist, recover from and if necessary adapt from recover from and if necessary adapt from GEC impactsGEC impacts
BUILDING A FRAMEWORK TO LINK BUILDING A FRAMEWORK TO LINK CLIMATIC CHANGE & FOOD SECURITYCLIMATIC CHANGE & FOOD SECURITY
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
Change in freq & mag of threats
GEC
Exposure
FOOD SYSTEM
SENSITIVITIES
BUILDING A FRAMEWORK TO LINK BUILDING A FRAMEWORK TO LINK CLIMATIC CHANGE & FOOD SECURITYCLIMATIC CHANGE & FOOD SECURITY
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
Change in freq & mag of threats
GEC
Exposure
FOOD SYSTEM VULNERABILITY
/SECURITY
Capacity to cope with &
adapt to GEC
SOCIETAL CHANGE
Change in institutions, resource accessibility, economic conditions, etc
CONCLUDING POINTSCONCLUDING POINTS
Food Security DimensionsFood Security Dimensions
Supply, access & livelihoodSupply, access & livelihood Climatic Change Agriculture & Food SecurityClimatic Change Agriculture & Food Security
Supply focus to dateSupply focus to date Climatic Change Agriculture & Food Security Climatic Change Agriculture & Food Security
IntegrationIntegration
Explicit consideration of food systemExplicit consideration of food systemvulnerability and securityvulnerability and security