food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
FOOD IRRADIATION
OLEHEva Ni’maturohmah
NIM .146100100111015ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI PANGAN
2015
![Page 2: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Iradiasi sinar gamma
iradiasi bukan pengion
Tidak menimbulkan ionisasipada target materi
Daya tembus beberapa energipengion
Iradiasi pengionIradiasi dihasilkan padaperistiwa peluruhan intiatom yang tidak stabil
menjadi atom yang lebihstabil dengan memancarkan
iradiasi
Radiasi adalah pancaran energi melalui suatu materi atau ruangdalam bentuk panas, partikel atau gelombang
elektromagnetik/cahaya (foton) dari sumber radiasi.
![Page 3: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Rancang bangun alat iradiasi
![Page 4: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Isotope Irradiation Plant
(1) irradiation chamber,
(2) control room,
(3) infeed conveyor,
(4) outlet conveyor,
(5) raw food store,
(6) irradiated product store,
(7) concrete shielding wall
![Page 5: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
HOW DO YOU KNOW IF
FOOD IS IRRADIATED?
• All irradiated food must be
labelled.
![Page 6: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WHAT IS FOOD
IRRADIATION?
![Page 8: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Food Irradiation
• Food irradiation is a process of exposing foods, either prepackaged or in bulk to very high-energy, invisible light waves (radiation) such as gamma rays, X-rays or electron beams.
![Page 9: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Is irradiation affect Nutritive value
• Irradiation has very little effect on proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats and Minerals.
• Vitamin A,E,C,K and B1 in foods are relatively sensitive to radiation,niacin and Vitamin D are very much stable
![Page 10: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Advantage
• CODEX accepted Food Irradiation as a safeand effective technology.
• People benefit from Food Irradiation due to reduction in bacteria.
• > 100 food items are identified for food irradiation.
![Page 11: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
DISADVANTAGES OF
FOOD IRRADIATION
![Page 14: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Irradiated foods may form chemical
products called “radiolytic products”
![Page 15: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Irradiation cannot be used with all foods.
It can causes undesirable flavor and texture
changes
![Page 16: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Food irradiation can destroy bacterial
spores but is not effective against viruses
![Page 17: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Teori dan efek iradiasi
Sinar dan elektron:
kemampuan mengionisasi
(memecah ikatan kimia bahan)
Produk bermuatan listrik (ion) /
netral (radikal bebas)
Reaksi
![Page 18: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Pengaruh pada Mikrobia
Ion
•Mengubah struktur membran sel•Mempengaruhi aktivitas enzim metabolik•Mempengaruhi DNA / RNA dalam inti sel
Membunuh mikrobia
![Page 19: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Dosis Iradiasi
Gy (Gray) = 100 rad= 1 Joule / kg
kGy = 1000 Gy
![Page 20: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Efek iradiasi gamma pada S. aureusK. trudeau et al (2012)
![Page 21: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Beberapa protein penting pada S. aureus
• protein 30S ribosom S12
• berperan dalam transkripsi
MW 15,2 kDa
• primase DNA
• untuk sintesis primer RNA untuk inisiasi replikasi DNA
MW 69,2 kDa
• hanya DNA girase subunit BMW 72,4
kDa • bifunctional preprotein translocase subunit SecD
/ SecF
• quinol oxidase, subunit I
• terminal oksidase dalam rantai pernapasan bakteri aerob dan mengkatalisis reduksi O2
MW 84,1 kDa
![Page 23: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• 1,2 kGy
• 2,9 kGy
• 3,5 kGy
Dosis iradiasi
• Kerusakandinding sel
• Protein selkeluar
Efek S. aureus • MW 17,7 kDa
• Regulator transktipsiCtsR
• Protein yang diperlukan untukpertumbuhankondisi termal shock
Protein yang selalu terekskresi
Represi protein sel
![Page 24: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
efek irradiasi gamma pada E. coli
Irradiasi gamma 6 kGy
E coli terjadisintesis
peptidoglikanpasca iradiasi
Monomer Peptidoglikan
keluar daridinding sel dan
keluar padamedia
E. Coli mengeluarkan
elicitor menimbulkan
stimulus responbaru padaDrosopila
![Page 25: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Perubahan morfologi
• Kondisi lingkungan yang stress pada bakteri gram negatif yang berbentuk batang termasuk E. coli dapat menyebabkan konversi morfologi menjadi bentuk mirip coccus
• peningkatan jumlah bakteri mencapai penampilan bulat, mencapai 45% pada 168 HPI.
• Namun, peningkatan sementara tampaknya mendatar dan tidak ada perubahan yang signifikan yang diamati antara 72 dan 168 HPI
Dinding sel mengalami perubahan ekstensif setelahirradiasi (post-irradiation time poin)
![Page 27: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
untuk melacak DAPyang tersisa dan tidak dikeluarkan
memisahkan ekstraseluler, fraksi
sitoplasma dan dinding sel bakteri
![Page 28: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Perubahan morfologi dari batang menjadi coccus karena
Perombakan PGN manjadi glikan
Akumulasilipoprotein
Peningkatancross-linking
![Page 29: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Mekanisme pelepasan TCT
![Page 30: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Bakteri melepaskan TCT
TCT (tracheal cytotoxin) atau disakaridatetrapeptida
TCT adalah fragmen peptidoglikan, yang tampak pada cairan ekstra sel
TCTdapat merangsang pelepasancytokinIL-1, dan juga menyebabkandemam dan foodborne disease
![Page 31: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
TCT (tracheal cytotoxin)
![Page 32: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
S
![Page 33: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
kesimpulannya
S. aureus
• pemaparan 2,9 kGy optimum mengekspresikan protein dari sel
• Pemaparan 3,5 kGy kondisinya menjadi letal
E. coli
• Dinding sel mengalami perubahan ekstensif setelahiradiasi
• Bentuk sel semula batang menjadi coccus
E. coli
• Terjadi sintesis peptidoglikan menjadi monomer glikan
• E. Coli melepaskan TCT (Tracheal cytotoxin) yang menyebabkan foodborne disease
![Page 34: Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042602/55a6e6501a28ab01328b45d6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)