folk and popular culture

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Chapter 4 FOLK AND POPULAR CULTURE

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Folk and popular culture. Chapter 4. Key Issue #1. Where do Folk and Popular Cultures Originate and Diffuse. Culture. The combination of three things: Values **Material artifacts Survival activities such as food, clothing, shelter Leisure activities such as the arts and recreation - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Folk and  popular culture

Chapter 4

FOLK AND POPULAR CULTURE

Page 2: Folk and  popular culture

Where do Folk and Popular Cultures Originate and Diffuse

KEY ISSUE #1

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Culture•T

he combination of three things:• Values • **Material artifacts

• Survival activities such as food, clothing, shelter• Leisure activities such as the arts and recreation

• Political institutions

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Material Culture•T

wo basic categories: folk and popular culture• Folk culture

• Traditionally practiced by small, isolated, homogeneous groups in rural areas

• Popular culture• Characterized by large, heterogeneous groups of people who

share common habits despite differences in other personal characteristics

• Geographers are interested in two aspects of culture:• Where cultures are located in space• How cultures interact with the environment

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Where Do Cultures Originate and Diffuse?

•Origin of folk and popular cultures• Folk culture = hearth area; originators are usually

unknown• Popular culture = hearth area comes from more

developed countries (MDCs)• People in MDCs have disposable income and leisure time

that allow for these innovations

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Where Do Cultures Originate and Diffuse?

•Origin of folk and popular music• Folk music characteristics

• Tells a story or recounts important life events or activities• Is personal in nature

• Popular music characteristics• Written by individuals for the purpose of selling to a large

audience• Highly technical

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Origin of Country Music

Fig. 4-1: U.S. country music has four main hearths, or regions of origin: southern Appalachia, central Tennessee and Kentucky, the Ozark-Ouachita uplands, and north-central Texas.

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Tin Pan Alley and Popular Music

Fig. 4-2: Writers and publishers of popular music were clustered in Tin Pan Alley in New York City in the early twentieth century. The area later moved north from 28th Street to Times Square.

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Popular Music Map

Figure 4-2

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Hip-Hop Map

Figure 4-3

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Where Do Cultures Originate and Diffuse?

•Diffusion of folk and popular culture• Folk culture diffuses slowly, primarily through migration,

and at a small scale• Example: Diffusion of Amish culture

• Popular culture diffuses rapidly, via hierarchical diffusion, and over a large scale• Example: Sports

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Distribution of Amish

Figure 4-4

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Amish Settlements in the U.S.

Fig. 4-4: Amish settlements are distributed through the northeast U.S.

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•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omftL4fWRHs

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Vxy_-e_hZ8

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqnimvUMCAk

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Powwow

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Hoop Dancers are featured at some Pow Wows. The hoop has no beginning or end; it represents the continuity of the spirits of all living things.

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Why is Folk Culture Clustered?KEY ISSUE #2

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Why Is Folk Culture Clustered?•I

solation promotes cultural diversity• Examples:

• Himalayan art• Beliefs and folk house forms

• Sacred spaces• U.S. folk housing

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Himalayan Folk Cultural Regions

Fig. 4-5: Cultural geographers have identified four distinct culture regions based on predominant religions in the Himalaya Mountains.

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Why Is Folk Culture Clustered?•I

nfluence of the physical environment• Folk culture = close connection to the environment• Most folk cultures are rural and agricultural

• Clothing is often tied to environmental conditions• Example: Wooden clogs in the Netherlands

• Folk cultures can ignore environmental conditions

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Why Is Folk Culture Clustered?•I

nfluence of the physical environment• Food preferences and the environment

• Food preferences are adapted to the environment• Example: In Asia, rice is grown in milder, wetter environments whereas wheat is grown in colder, drier environments

• Food taboos may be especially strong• People avoid certain foods because of negative associations with that food

• Terroir = the sum effects of the local environment on a particular food item

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Istanbul Vegetable Garden

Figure 4-6

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Hog Production and Food Cultures

Fig. 4-6: Annual hog production is influenced by religious taboos against pork consumption in Islam and other religions. The highest production is in China, which is largely Buddhist.

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Why Is Folk Culture Clustered?•I

nfluence of the physical environment• Folk housing and the environment

• Housing = a reflection of cultural heritage, current fashion, function, and the physical environment

• Two most common building materials = wood and brick

• Minor differences in the environment can produce very different house styles

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Home Locations in Southeast Asia

Fig. 4-7: Houses and sleeping positions are oriented according to local customs among the Lao in northern Laos (left) and the Yuan and Shan in northern Thailand (right).

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House Types in Four Western Chinese Communities

Figure 4-9

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Why Is Folk Culture Clustered?•I

nfluence of the physical environment• U.S. Folk House Forms

• Fred Kniffen identified 3 major hearths of folk house forms in the U.S. that have influenced homes throughout the U.S.• New England• Middle Atlantic• Lower Chesapeake

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Hearths of House Types

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Diffusion of New England House Types

Fig. 4-10: Four main New England house types of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries diffused westward as settlers migrated.

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Why Is Popular Culture Widely Distributed?

KEY ISSUE #3

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Why Is Popular Culture Widely Distributed?

•Diffusion of popular housing, clothing, and food• Popular culture varies more in time than place

• Food customs: consumption of large quantities of snack foods and alcohol

• Clothing styles: reflect occupation rather than environment

• Housing: reflects fashion trends since the 1940s in the United States

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Consumption of Canadian Whiskey and Tequila

Figure 4-14

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Wine Production per Year

Fig. 4-13: The distribution of wine production shows the joint impact of the physical environment and social customs.

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U.S. House Types (1945–1990)

Figure 4-16

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Why Is Popular Culture Widely Distributed?

•Electronic diffusion of popular culture• Watching television

• The most popular leisure activity in MDCs• Diffusion from the United States to the rest of the world = 50 years

• The Internet• Diffusion from the United States to the rest of the world = 10 years

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Diffusion of TV

Figure 4-18

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Diffusion of Facebook

Figure 4-21

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Distribution of Internet Hosts

Fig. 4-15: The U.S. had two-thirds of the world’s internet hosts in 2002. Diffusion of internet service is likely to follow the pattern of TV diffusion, but the rate of this diffusion may differ.

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Why Does Globalization of Popular Culture Cause Problems?

KEY ISSUE #4

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Why Does Popular Culture Cause Problems?

•Threats to folk culture•Loss of traditional values•Media imperialism•Satellites •Limit to government control of information

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Why Does Popular Culture Cause Problems?

•Environmental impact of popular culture•Modifying nature•Golf courses•Uniform landscapes

•Negative impacts• Increased demand for natural resources•Pollution

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Golf Courses in Metropolitan Areas

Fig. 4-16: The 50 best-served and worst-served metropolitan areas in terms of golf holes per capita, and areas that are above and below average.