FOLIOKS LLC, Ukraine

INFORMATION-RECOMENDATORY CONCLUSIONFOR SORBENTS FOLIOKS

Used in treatment systems for liquid and solid radioactive wastes, deactivation waters, process

mediums, waste waters, drinking waterV. A. Erofeyev

Present "Informational-recomendatory conclusion of sorbents brand "Folioks" was made by summarizing the results of scientific research and industrial tests carried out in conjunction with the Sevastopol National Institute of Nuclear Energy and Industry, the National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine, the Institute of Colloid and Water Chemistry after A. Dumansky, the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (participation in the state program "Clean Water").A 10 year experience in use of sorbents brand "Folioks" (hereinafter - the Folioks sorbents) treatment systems for liquid and solid radioactive wastes, deactivation waters, process fluids, waste water, air and drinking water in production and scientific-experimental facilities of various industries and nuclear power was taken into concideration at the creation of the document.

Информационно-рекомендательное заключение по сорбентам «ФОЛИОКС», применяемых в

системах очистки жидких и твердых радиоактивных отходов, дезактивационных вод,

технологических сред, сточных вод, питьевой воды

В.А. Ерофеев

Составлено на основании обобщения результатов научно-исследовательских работ и промышленных испытаний, проведенных совместно с Севастопольским национальным институтом ядерной энергии и промышленности, Национальной металлургической академией Украины, Институтом коллоидной химии и химии воды им. А. В. Думанского, Институтом гидробиологии Академии наук Украины.

При создании документа учтен 10-летний опыт использования сорбентов «Фолиокс» в системах очистки жидких и твердых радиоактивных отходов, дезактивационных вод, технологических сред, сточных вод, воздуха и питьевой воды на производственных и опытно-экспериментальных объектах различных отраслей промышленности и атомной энергетики, участия Фолиокс в государственной программе "Чистая вода".

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INFORMATION-RECOMENDATORY CONCLUSION FOR SORBENTS FOLIOKS

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SEVASTOPOL NATIONAL UNIVERSITYOF NUCLEAR ENERGY AND INDUSTRY

V.A. EROFEYEV,Head. Department of DRTC

(Dosimetric and Radio technical Control),Corresponding member

of International Academy of ecology, human and nature safety,

Candidate of Technical Sciences, docent

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Folioks sorbents are products of the plant raw material chemical processing and represent natural high-polymer compounds of irregular three-dimensional structure containing an acidic functional groups.

Folioks sorbents have properties of weak acid cation exchange resin and are effective in treatment of various mediums from heavy metals, radionuclides, transuranium elements, radioactive aerosols, petroleum oils and their vapors, synthetic surfactants, organic toxins, phenols, cyanides, thiocyanates, sulfates , sulfides, chlorides, nitrogen compounds, smoke, fumes of agressive chemical agents, pesticides, and different types of bacteria.

It is not economically feasible to regenerate used Folioks sorbents, since they form poorly soluble complexes with extracted from the cleaning medium ingredients. The spent Folioks sorbent , depending on the class of its toxicity can be removed to the domestic landfill or incinerated at waste incineration plants. Reduction of waste Folioks sorbent volume is possible by pre-pressing method (reduction of volume in 8-10 times) or pyrolysis at temperature 800 ° C (reduction of volume in 20-25 times).

Depending on the properties and use Folioks sorbents are manufactured in two types: the Folioks sorbent g (granular), Folioks sorbent p (powder).

Physico-chemical characteristics of the Folioks sorbents are shown in Table 1.

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TECHNICAL DATA OF FOLIOKS SORBENTS

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MOBILE FILTRATING PLANT

By the order of ISTC "Ukrytye" in 1999, specialists of SRC REIZOS together with the Sevastopol National Institute of Nuclear Energy and Industry designed and constructed an experimental sample in the form of mobile unit for cleaning of local accumulations of liquid radioactive wastes (hereinafter - LRW). Cleaning technology of the Mobile Plant is based on the selective extraction of heavy metals, radionuclides and transuranic elements using Folioks sorbents. Tests of an experimental sample of Mobile installation proved the correctness of the chosen method of cleaning technology and related equipment and applied sorption materials for the task. Today object

"Ukrytye" is equipped with several mobile mini-plants with capacity up to 50 l / h.

On the basis of the RODON company technical task in 1999 on analogue Mobile Plant made for the "Ukrytye", together with the Ukrainian Scientific-Research and Design Institute of Industrial Technology UkrSRDIindtechnology has developed mobile unit for LRW treatment with performance up to 1 m3 / h. Mobile unit corresponds to GOST 22269-76, GOST 25804.4-83 GOST 12.2.033-78, GOST 12.2.007.0-75, 12.2.007.7-83, GOST 12.4.120-83, GOST 12.9.033-78, GND 95.1 .01.10.001-97, ND 306.607.95, NRBU-97 OSP-72/87, SPORO-85.

Mobile device is intended for processing (cleaning) the backlog of low-level radioactive liquid wastes to the level of sanitation of wastewater, which reduces the amount of liquid radioactive wastes in 50-100 times the transfer of the extracted elements and impurities (together with the spent Folioks sorbent) in solid radioactive wastes (SRW) of low or medium activity. This technology compared to conventional (cementation, bituminization, evaporation from cementing) can significantly reduce the cost of treatment of low-level liquid radioactive waste.

After works performance the Mobile unit it is exposed to deactivation and can be delivered by vehicles for use on other plants.

These mobile units with different capacities (up to 100 cbm/h) developed by individual project can be used at the production facilities of any industries in the systems of integrated wastewater treatment, process mediums and drinking water.

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Scheme of procedure for wastes utilization by clean-up of LRW from transuranic elements

MOBILE FILTRATING PLANT

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STAGES OF TESTING AND APPLYING OF FOLIOKS SORBENTS

According to the results of tests carried out in 1992-1993, at the Institute of Colloid chemistry and Water Chemistry after A. Dumansky and the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Folioks sorbents provide effective cleaning of water from heavy metal ions within 3-5 maximum allowable concentration. The following coefficients were received at the specific conditions of the experiment for absorption of different elements: for cadmium – 401, for copper – 325, for cobalt - 315, for lead – 214, for manganese - 152, for a nickel - 90, for zinc - 61, for iron - 19. The degree of purification of Dnipro water with strontium-90 was 59%, with cesium-137 - 56% (in case of distilled water cleaning purification of strontium-90 increased to 99.96%, of the cesium-137 - 96%). Also evaluation of some Dnipro water chemical quality parameters and its toxicity was done after filtering through the Folioks sorbent: content of ammonium nitrogen decreased by 90%, nitrates - by 91%, phosphate phosphorus - by 51%.

At ISTC "Ukrytye" of the Chernobyl NPP in 1995-1996, to clarify the possible practical use of Folioks sorbents tests were carried out on purification of technological water mediums in real production conditions of SNUNEI reactor model on standart process equipment (precoat filters, WCS). On samples of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) from the premises of 054/2 and 009/4 tests were conducted on the experimental unit LU-2.The following was set in the result of the tests held:

§ Folioks sorbents better than perlite, purified to the established norms of technological protection systems WCS-4, 5,6 impurities from petroleum (oil) without violating the water chemistry. Decontamination factors were: 4-10 for sorbents Folioks, 1.5-2 for perlite.

§ Sorbents "Folioks" selectively remove from mediums radionuclides of corrosive origin (iron-56, cobalt-60, chromium-51) and the fragmentation (strontium-90, cesium-137, Nb-95, Zr-95), reducing the load on ion-exchange filters and increasing the time of filter cycles of standart ion-exchange units.

§ When the ratio of cleaning media from the transuranic elements is reached (uranium-238, plutonium-239, americium-241) a sufficiently high concentration ratio equal to 125 is obtained, which shows the high efficiency of the purification method using Folioks sorbents .A good enough processability of Folioks sorbents is established when using the formation on the normal equipment of nuclear power plants.

§ The possibility of Folioks sorbents use was revealed for waters of nuclear waste basins, as well as at technologies of deactivation and prosession of LRW resid by selective extraction of cobalt-60.

During the processing of liquid radioactive waste from the fuel-containing components on unit LU-2 using Folioks sorbents transformation of them into solid radioactive waste (SRW) with nuclear safe parameters is possible. Volume of SRW towards to LRW is 1.5-2%.At the South Ukrainian nuclear power plant in 1997 during tests held under real production conditions, it was found that the Folioks sorbents recovered by 2-3 times of cobalt-60 in the purification of highly saline (700 g / l) LRW bottoms: activity before treatment - 10-7 Ci / l, after purification - 10-9 (10-10) Ci / l.

On the Rovno nuclear power plant in 1998 during the testing of Folioks sorbents on purification of special laundry water from radionuclides and waste turbine oil, the following results were received:

§ In a complex chemical composition of the water laundries use of Folioks sorbents makes it possible to achieve a high partition coefficient (for cobalt-58 - 695, for cobalt-60 - 500, Cesium-134 - 1000, for cesium-137 - 840), with this Cobalt-58, and Cobalt-60 values are extracted to waste value, Cesium-134 and Cesium -137 - to values close to the waste value.

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In 2000 on the South Ukrainian nuclear power plant Folioks sorbents were tested for cleaning of drain water from the oil products. The degree of purification when using different versions of the Folioks sorbent was 88,5-98,5%, the salt content reduced in 1.5-4.5 times.

In 2001, the company SRC REIZOS made the first tender delivery of the Folioks sorbent for the" Ukrytye "of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Purchase of Folioks sorbent was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Law of Ukraine "On procurement of goods, works and services for state funds" - way to purchase from a single performer.

Under the contract with the South Ukrainian nuclear power plant in 2001, specialists of SRC REIZOS developed design and maintenance documentation for the cleaning system of water supply topic of responsible consumers of radionuclides using the Folioks sorbent. Delivery of commercial party of Folioks sorbent was done.

In the problems research program at the Chernobyl, in 2002, at the ISTC Ukrytye results of the optimization of treatment processes and disposal of liquid radioactive wastes were announced . Known sorbents with the best selectivity for cesium, strontium and uranium were selected for the study. It was found that from the list of 25 tested sorbents most effective uranium recovery from LRW solution is the Folioks sorbent (purification - 100%).

In conditions of Dnepropetrovsk Coke Plant in 1993 a scientific research work was carried out on clean up of contaminated industrial water (recycling water and water for the mechanical processing) using Folioks sorbents. Folioks sorbents were found highly efficient preparations for coke production water cleaning from organic impurities and oil products. After evaluating the results the degree of purification was determined for various impurities from phenol - 99.98%, from thiocyanates - 97%, from cyanide - 89%, from benzol - 95%, from toluene - 100%.

In 2001, Yasinovka Coke Plant Folioks sorbents were tested in purification of phenolic wastewater. The analysis of samples was determined by the degree of purification: from phenol - 99.96%, of the cyanide - 100%, of the volatile ammonia - 95%, of the sulfide (sulfides) - 100%.

In laboratory and natural plant conditions of leather plant JSC "VOZKO" in 2002 the researches were carried out to study the possibilities of using Folioks sorbents on companies for processing and the production of leather. An experienced wastewater cleaning after technological processes in the main production of sulfide and ammonia nitrogen. According to the experiment results the degree of fly fluid cleaning from sulfides was 99.5%, from the ammonium nitrogen - 91.1%, from the chlorine ¬ chlorides - 100%, of the COD - 97.6%. Delivery of an experimental batch of Folioks sorbent was made.

By order of the State Administration of Environment and Natural Resources in the Volyn region in August 2002 a testing method of contaminated groundwater with pesticides cleaning, taken in the village. Rozhishche of Volyn region was conducted, in a Mobile experimental unit with using Folioks sorbents. At the conclusion of the SES laboratory of the Volyn region, samples from mineshafts contained substance 2,4-D in excess of maximum permissible concentration directly from 2 to 40 times, as well as drugs DDD, DDT, DDE. Tests of the proposed cleaning technology have given a positive result in samples of treated water content of the pesticide 2,4 D decreased to values less than 0.004 mg/dm3, which was the boundary value of the sensitivity for the validation method.

In 2003, at the Zaporozhye nuclear power plant waste water was cleaned from copper.

In 2005, participaticipation in the international conference of Ukrainian Nuclear Society "Nuclear power in Ukraine - the development and international cooperation».

In 2007 at the Rivne nuclear power plant water laundries and showers were cleaned in decommissioning nuclear power plant with SNUNEI.

In 2008 Bench tests of sorbent brand FOLIOKS in secondary steam condensate cycle cleaning for plant WCS-3 and WCS-7 on the SUNPP with the Sevastopol National University of Nuclear Energy and Industry.

In 2009, participating in a government program (from 2009 till 2013):"Creation of Technologies, equipment and companies for utilization and processing of biomass and other radiation and environmentally contaminated materials, helding on basis of it measures on reanimation and restoration of the landing in the zone of alienation and other territories contaminated with ecotoxins" within govermental program of liquidation of acident consequences at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant" which is executed by Government program of radioactive wastes, approved by Resolution of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine from April 5, 1999 № 542"

STAGES OF TESTING AND APPLYING OF FOLIOKS SORBENTS

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DESACTIVATION FOLIOKS SOLUTIONS

ABOUT AUTOR OF CONCLUSION

EROFEYEV V.A. (Ерофеев В.А.),Head. Department of DRTC (Dosimetric and Radio technical Control) SNUNEI, Corresponding member of International Academy of ecology, human and nature safety, Candidate of Technical Sciences, docent author of the course "Radiation Dosimetry and process control" (Electronic , Library SNUNEI: http://www.sinp.com.ua/lib.htm) and other works:

- , Акимов А.М., Кулибов А.В. Экспертная система химического контроля для Ерофеев В.А.АЭС (http://www.sinp.com.ua/LibNew/snt3.htm, р.27);- Акимов А.М., Ибрагимов Ю.И., , Клюев В.Ю. К науке мировых стандартов. Ерофеев В.А.Техногенная безопасность ( http://www.sinp.com.ua/LibNew/snt5.htm р.87)- Волощенюк Т.Т., Иванец ВТ., Ковалев Н.И., Технология жидкостной Ерофеев В.А.дезактивации радиоактивных загрязнений с использованием малореагентных химических составов. Экологическая безопасность ( http://www.sinp.com.ua/LibNew/snt10.htm р.55);- Научно-технические принципы оценки состояния радиационо опасных Ерофеев В. А.узлов ядерной энергетчиеской утсановки. – СНУЯЭиП, 2011 (http://www.sinp.com.ua/listppc.htm)- , Малышев В. К. Методы радиометрических измерений. Ч. 1 – СНИЯЭиП, Ерофеев В. А.2004 (http://www.sinp.com.ua/listppc.htm)- , Мюсельмян Г. А., Черкашина Н. И. Учебно-методическое пособе для Ерофеев В. А.подготовки к сдаче итогового тестового контроля по дисциплине «Радиохимия и радиометрия». – СНУЯЭиП, 2008 (http://www.sinp.com.ua/listppc.htm)- Смола И. И., , Терентьева Д. Ю. Аппаратура дозиметрического и Ерофеев В. А.радиацонно-технологичексого контроля. Учеб.- метод. пособие для подготовки и проведения РГР для спец. 7.091609. – СНУЯЭиП (http://www.sinp.com.ua/listppc.htm)- Гражданская защита : Метод. рекомендации для студентов заочной формы Ерофеев В.А.обучения / В. А. Ерофеев, С. А. Стюпан. - Севастополь : СНУЯЭиП, 2012 (http://www.sinp.com.ua/newbooklist2.htm)- О растворимости технических лигнинов в водных растворах Ерофеев В.А.моноэтаноламина. Экологическая безопасность ( http://www.sinp.com.ua/LibNew/snt8.htm р.198)- И.И. Смола, , Д.Ю. Терентьева. Аппаратура дозиметрического и В.А. Ерофееврадиационно-технологического контроля: Учебно-методическое пособие для подготовки и проведения расчетно-графических работ. Химическая технология редких рассеянных элементов и материалов на их основе. Севастополь, СНУЯЭиП, 2009 ( http://www.sinp.com.ua/newbooklist.htm)

In 2002, the South Ukrainian nuclear power plants were tested for solid waste cleaning using experimental decontamination Folioks solutions. The tests were carried out on samples of carbon steel with a corrosion depth - 0.1 mm (MED - 0,10-0,17 mR / h, β-contaminated surface completely - 500-900 part./sm2 × min.).

According to tests, the experimental desactivation Folioks solutions reduce surface contamination of β-carbon steel with a significant degree of corrosion on 58-93% (depending on the processing time, from 30 minutes to 2 days.)

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FOLIOKS Limited Liability CompanyAddress: Off. 6, 6/13, Str. Heroes of Adzhimushkaya,

Simferopol, Ukraine, 95000www.folioks.com info@folioks.com

General Manager: Ivan Pilipchenko,pilipchenko@folioks.comMob: +380 50 393 22 81