fluoride in water_india water portal_2011
DESCRIPTION
Contamination of groundwater, symptoms and effect of fluoride on health, fluorosis_A look at fluoride in waterTRANSCRIPT
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Fluoride in Water
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Surface Water
Is what you see in rivers, lakes, streams etc.
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Groundwater is water that is found in aquifers below the surface of the Earth. To get groundwater, one must dig wells or borewells.
Groundwater
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Water pollution of surface water bodies is visible in many places
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But is groundwater clean?
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When water seeps into the ground, it dissolves different substances depending on the type of soil and rock that it flows through.
Groundwater can get polluted naturally
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Some of these substances like fluoride compounds can be harmful to health, if amounts greater than permissible limits are ingested over
long periods of time.
Natural pollution is a non-point source of pollution
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The Bureau of Indian Standards states that in drinking water, fluoride levels are
0 0.5 mg/l
1.0 mg/l
1.5 mg/l
2.0 mg/l
Desirable
Permissible
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Fluoride
• Low levels of fluoride in drinking water (0.5 to 1 mg/l) protect against dental caries
• High levels of fluoride in drinking water (above 1.5 mg/l) will lead to adverse health impacts ranging from dental fluorosis to skeletal fluorosis
• Fluoride levels in water beyond desirable / permissible limits is typically found in groundwater and not surface water
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Fluorosis
©Ruhani Kaur/UNICEF India http://www.fannz.org.nz
19 states in India have groundwater that is rich in fluoride
Dental FluorosisSkeletal Fluorosis
Excess fluoride in the body (above 1.5 – 2 ppm)
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Other symptoms
• Fatigue• Low hemoglobin count• Irritation • Loss of appetite• Excessive thirst and urination• Miscarriage• Inability to conceive due to defective sperm• Depression
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Impacts of skeletal fluorosis
• Loss of livelihood since affected persons cannot work
• Loss of income • High medical costs• Poverty• Social outcasts since facilities for the
handicapped are lacking in India
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Fluoride levels in groundwater are higher than permissible limits in 19 states of India
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Over 6.6 crore Indians are affected by fluorosis
Mild fluorosis
Moderate/severe fluorosis
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What can be done?
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Where fluoride in water is between 1.5 to 2.0mg/l, avoid:
Canned fish
Dental products such asfluoridated toothpaste & mouth wash
Products containing black salt (kalanamak)
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Eat more of fruits and vegetables rich in Vitamin C, Iron and Calcium
OrangeLemonGuavaGooseberry (Amla)TomatoGrapefruitAlmonds
AppleBrinjal
BananaBeetrootSpinach
Coriander leaves
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In all fluoride affected areas, recharge the groundwater with rainwater
Harvest rainwater
Recharge groundwater
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Thank you!