flud mechanics and fluid machinery lab notes of lesson.doc

8/10/2019 flud mechanics and fluid machinery lab notes of lesson.doc

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RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

THANDALAM

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

112352 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY

LABORATORY MANUAL


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RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING

COLLEGE

THANDALAM

LABORATORY RECORD

200 - 200

Name of lab

De!a"#me$#

Certify that this is a bonafide record of work done by of

class in the .. Laboratory during the year

200 -200 .

S%&$a#'"e of Lab %$ C(a"&e Hea) of T(e De!#

S'bm%##e) fo" #(e !"a*#%*al e+am%$a#%o$ (el) o$ ,,,,,,,,,,


3/49

INTERNAL E.AMINER E.TERNAL E.AMINER

INDEX

S.NO. DATE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT REMARKS

1 DETERMINATION OF THE CO EFFICIENT OFDISCHAR/E OF /IEN ORIFICE METER

2 DETERMINATION OF THE CO EFFICIENT OFDISCHAR/E OF /IEN ENTURI METER

3 CALCULATION OF THE RATE OF FLO USIN/ROTO METER

4 DETERMINATION OF FRICTION FACTOR OF /IENSET OF IES

5 CHARACTERISTICS CURES OF CENTRIFU/ALUM

6 CHARACTERISTICS CURES OF SUBMER/IBLEUM

7 CHARACTERISTICS CURES OF RECIROCATIN/UM

8 CHARACTERISTICS CURES OF /EAR UM

9 CHARACTERISTICS CURES OF ELTON HEEL

10 CHARACTERISTICS CURES OF FRANCIS

TURBINE11 CHARACTERISTICS CURES OF TRIAN/ULAR

NOTCH

12 ALAN TURBINE TEST RIN/


4/49

FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY LAB

1 De#e"m%$a#%o$ of #(e *oeff%*%e$# of )%4*(a"&e of &%e$ O"%f%*e me#e"

2 De#e"m%$a#%o$ of #(e *oeff%*%e$# of )%4*(a"&e of &%e$ e$#'"% me#e"

3 Cal*'la#%o$ of #(e "a#e of flo6 '4%$& Ro#o me#e"

7 De#e"m%$a#%o$ of f"%*#%o$ fa*#o" of &%e$ 4e# of !%!e4

5 Co$)'*#%$& e+!e"%me$#4 a$) )"a6%$& #(e *(a"a*#e"%4#%*4 *'"e4 of *e$#"%f'&al!'m!8 4'bme"&%ble !'m!

9 Co$)'*#%$& e+!e"%me$#4 a$) )"a6%$& #(e *(a"a*#e"%4#%*4 *'"e4 of"e*%!"o*a#%$& !'m!

: Co$)'*#%$& e+!e"%me$#4 a$) )"a6%$& #(e *(a"a*#e"%4#%*4 *'"e4 of /ea" !'m!

; Co$)'*#%$& e+!e"%me$#4 a$) )"a6%$& #(e *(a"a*#e"%4#%*4 *'"e4 of el#o$6(eel


5/49

DETERMINATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF

DISCHARGE OF GI!EN ORIFICE METER

E"# N$ % 1

D&'( %

AIM%

To )e#e"m%$e #(e *o-eff%*%e$# )%4*(a"&e #("o'&( o"%f%*e me#e"

APPARAT)S RE*)IRED%

1 O"%f%*e me#e"

2 D%ffe"e$#%al U #'be

3 Colle*#%$& #a$=7 S#o! 6a#*(

5 S*ale

FORM)LAE %

1 ACT)AL DISCHARGE

> a*# + A + ( 8 # ?m38 4@

2 THEORTICAL DISCHARGE

> #( a 1+ a 2+ 2 & ( 8 a 12 a 22 ?m38 4@

(e"e

A A"ea of *olle*#%$& #a$= %$ m2

( He%&(# of *olle*#e) 6a#e" %$ #a$= 10 *m

a 1 A"ea of %$le# !%!e %$ m2

a 2 A"ea of #(e #("oa# %$ m2

& S!e*%f &"a%# %$ m 8 42

# T%me #a=e$ fo" ( *m "%4e of 6a#e"

H O"%f%*e (ea) %$ #e"m4 of flo6%$& l%'%) ?H1 H2@ ?4 m 8 4 1 - 1@


6/49

(e"e

H1 Ma$ome#"%* (ea) %$ f%"4# l%mb

H2 Ma$ome#"%* (ea) %$ 4e*o$) l%mb

4 m S!e*%f%* &"a%# of Ma$ome#"%* l%'%)

?%e@ L%'%) me"*'" H& 139

41 S!e*%f%* &"a%# of flo6%$& l%'%) 6a#e" 1

3. CO EFFICENT OF DISCHARGE%

Co- eff%*%e$# of )%4*(a"&e > a*# 8 > #( ?$o '$%#4@

DESCRIPTION%

O"%f%*e me#e" (a4 #6o 4e*#%o$4 F%"4# o$e %4 of a"ea a1 a$) 4e*o$) o$e of a"ea a2%# )oe4 $o#

(ae #("oa# l%=e e$#'"%me#e" b'# a 4mall (ole4 o$ a !la#e f%+e) alo$& #(e )%ame#e" of !%!e T(e

me"*'" leel 4(o'l) $o# fl'*#'a#e be*a'4e %# 6o'l) *ome o'# of ma$ome#e"

PROCED)RE%

1 T(e !%!e %4 4ele*#e) fo" )o%$& e+!e"%me$#4

2 T(e mo#o" %4 46%#*(e) o$ a4 a "e4'l# 6a#e" 6%ll flo6

3 A**o")%$& #o #(e flo6 #(e me"*'" leel fl'*#'a#e4 %$ #(e U-#'be ma$ome#e"

7 T(e "ea)%$& of H1a$) H2a"e $o#e)

5 T(e #%me #a=e$ fo" 10 *m "%4e of 6a#e" %$ #(e *olle*#%$& #a$= %4 $o#e)

9 T(e e+!e"%me$# %4 "e!ea#e) fo" a"%o'4 flo6 %$ #(e 4ame !%!e

: T(e *o-eff%*%e$# of )%4*(a"&e %4 *al*'la#e)

RES)LT%

T(e *o eff%*%e$# of )%4*(a"&e #("o'&( o"%f%*e me#e" %4 ,,, ?$o '$%#@


7/49

C$(,,--(/'$,

-&4(C

/$/-'7

T($('-&8-&4(

*'"103

93 :

M(&/C+

A'&8

-&4(*

&'"103

93 :

T-9('&;(/,$9

-($, a*# 8 > #( ?$o '$%#4@

DESCRIPTION%

e$#'"% me#e" (a4 #6o 4e*#%o$4 O$e )%e"&e$# a"ea a$) #(e o#(e" #("oa# a"ea T(e fo"me" %4

"e!"e4e$#e) a4 a 1 a$) #(e la#e" %4 a 2 6a#e" o" a$ o#(e" l%'%) flo64 #("o'&( #(e e$#'"% me#e"

a$) %# !a44e4 #o #(e #("oa# a"ea #(e al'e of )%4*(a"&e %4 4ame a# a 1 a$) a 2

PROCED)RE%

1 T(e !%!e %4 4ele*#e) fo" )o%$& e+!e"%me$#4

2 T(e mo#o" %4 46%#*(e) o$ a4 a "e4'l# 6a#e" 6%ll flo6

3 A**o")%$& #o #(e flo6 #(e me"*'" leel fl'*#'a#e4 %$ #(e U-#'be ma$ome#e"7 T(e "ea)%$& of H1a$) H2a"e $o#e)

5 T(e #%me #a=e$ fo" 10 *m "%4e of 6a#e" %$ #(e *olle*#%$& #a$= %4 $o#e)

9 T(e e+!e"%me$# %4 "e!ea#e) fo" a"%o'4 flo6 %$ #(e 4ame !%!e

: T(e *o-eff%*%e$# of )%4*(a"&e %4 *al*'la#e)

RES)LT%

T(e *o eff%*%e$# of )%4*(a"&e #("o'&( e$#'"%me#e" %4 ,,, ?$o '$%#@

C$(,,--(/'$,-&4(C

/$/-'7


11/49

T($('-

&8-&4(

*'"

103

93 :

M(&/C+

A'&8

-&4(*

&'"103

93 :

T-9('&;(/,$9-(

$,a*# 8 R + 100 G

PROCED)RE%

1 S6%#*( o$ #(e mo#o" a$) #(e )el%e" ale %4 o!e$e)2 A)'4# #(e )el%e" ale #o *o$#"ol #(e "a#e %$ #(e !%!e

3 Se# #(e flo6 "a#e %$ #(e Ro#ome#e" fo" e+am!le 4a 50 l%#"e4 !e" m%$'#e

7 No#e )o6$ #(e #%me #a=e$ fo" 10 *m "%4e %$ *olle*#%$& #a$=

5 Re!ea# #(e e+!e"%me$# fo" )%ffe"e$# 4e# of Ro#ome#e" "ea)%$&4

9 Tab'la" *ol'm$ %4 )"a6$ a$) "ea)%$&4 a"e $o#e)

: /"a!( %4 )"a6$ b !lo#%$& Ro#ome#e" "ea)%$& 4 !e"*e$#a&e e""o" of #(e Ro#ome#e"

RES)LT %

T(e !e"*e$#a&e e""o" of #(e Ro#ome#e" 6a4 fo'$) #o be,, G


14/49

P((/'&4(

E$$,R$'$9('(?7

A

'&8-&4(

*&'8#97


15/49

T-9('&;(/,$109-($,ER%


21/49

o + & + > + H 8 1000 ?6a##4@

(e"e De$4%# of 6a#e" ?=& 8 m@

& A**ele"a#%o$ )'e #o &"a%# ?m8 42@ H To#al (ea) of 6a#e" ?m@

5.EFFICIENC@%

o ?O'#!'# !o6e" o8! 8 %$!'# !o6e" I8!@ 100 G

(e"eO8! O'#!'# !o6e" =

I8 ! I$!'# !o6e" =

DESCRIPTION%

PRIMING%

T(e o!e"a#%o$ of f%ll%$& 6a#e" %$ #(e 4'*#%o$ !%!e *a4%$& a$) a !o"#%o$ )el%e" !%!e fo"

#(e "emoal of a%" befo"e 4#a"#%$& %4 *alle) !"%m%$&

Af#e" !"%m%$& #(e %m!elle" %4 "o#a#e) b a !"%me moe" T(e "o#a#%$& a$e &%e4 a

*e$#"%f'&al (ea) #o #(e !'m! (e$ #(e !'m! a##a%$4 a *o$4#a$# 4!ee) #(e )el%e" ale %4

&"a)'all o!e$e) T(e 6a#e" flo64 %$ a "a)%all o'#6a") )%"e*#%o$ T(e$ %# leae4 #(e a$e4 a# #(e

o'#e" *%"*'mfe"e$*e 6%#( a (%&( elo*%# a$)!"e44'"e No6 =%$e#%* e$e"& %4 &"a)'all *o$e"#e)

%$ #o !"e44'"e e$e"& T(e (%&(-!"e44'"e 6a#e" %4 #("o'&( #(e )el%e" !%!e #o #(e "e'%"e) (e%&(#

PROCED)RE%

1 "%me #(e !'m! *lo4e #(e )el%e" ale a$) 46%#*( o$ #(e '$%#

2 O!e$ #(e )el%e" ale a$) ma%$#a%$ #(e "e'%"e) )el%e" (ea)3 No#e )o6$ #(e "ea)%$& a$) $o#e #(e *o""e4!o$)%$& 4'*#%o$ (ea) "ea)%$&

7 Clo4e #(e )"a%$ ale a$) $o#e )o6$ #(e #%me #a=e$ fo" 10 *m "%4e of 6a#e" leel %$

*olle*#%$& #a$=

5 Mea4'"e #(e a"ea of *olle*#%$& #a$=


22/49

9 Fo" )%ffe"e$# )el%e" #'be4 "e!ea# #(e e+!e"%me$#

: Fo" ee" 4e# "ea)%$& $o#e )o6$ #(e #%me #a=e$ fo" 5 "eol'#%o$4 of e$e"& me#e" )%4*

GRAPHS%

1 A*#'al )%4*(a"&e 4 To#al (ea)

2 A*#'al )%4*(a"&e 4 Eff%*%e$*

3 A*#'al )%4*(a"&e 4 I$!'# !o6e"

7 A*#'al )%4*(a"&e 4 O'#!'# !o6e"

RES)LT%

T('4 #(e !e"fo"ma$*e *(a"a*#e"%4#%*4 of *e$#"%f'&al !'m! 6a4 4#')%e) a$) #(e

ma+%m'm eff%*%e$* 6a4 fo'$) #o be


23/49

?

O'#'

P$ER%

% ?3900 N@ 8 ?E T@ ?6@

(e"e N N'mbe" of "eol'#%o$4 of e$e"& me#e" )%4*

E E$e"& me#e" *o$4#a$# ?"e 8 6 ("@

T #%me #a=e$ fo" NJ "eol'#%o$4 ?4e*o$)4@

4. O)TP)T PO>ER%

o + & + > + H 8 1000 ?6@

(e"e

De$4%# of 6a#e" ?=& 8 m

@ & A**ele"a#%o$ )'e #o &"a%# ?m8 42@

H To#al (ea) of 6a#e" ?m@

> D%4*(a"&e ?m38 4e*@

5.EFFICIENC@%

o ?O'#!'# !o6e" !o 8 %$!'# !o6e" !%@ 100 G

(e"eo O'#!'# !o6e"

% I$!'# !o6e"

PROCED)RE%

1 Clo4e #(e )el%e" ale a$) 46%#*( o$ #(e '$%#

2 O!e$ #(e )el%e" ale a$) ma%$#a%$ #(e "e'%"e) )el%e" (ea)

3 No#e )o6$ #(e "ea)%$& a$) $o#e #(e *o""e4!o$)%$& 4'*#%o$ (ea) "ea)%$&

7 Clo4e #(e )"a%$ ale a$) $o#e )o6$ #(e #%me #a=e$ fo" 10 *m "%4e of 6a#e" leel %$

*olle*#%$& #a$=

5 Mea4'"e #(e a"ea of *olle*#%$& #a$=

9 Fo" )%ffe"e$# )el%e" #'be4 "e!ea# #(e e+!e"%me$#

: Fo" ee" 4e# "ea)%$& $o#e )o6$ #(e #%me #a=e$ fo" 5 "eol'#%o$4 of e$e"& me#e" )%4*


31/49

GRAPHS%

1 A*#'al )%4*(a"&e 4 To#al (ea)

2 A*#'al )%4*(a"&e 4 Eff%*%e$*

3 A*#'al )%4*(a"&e 4 I$!'# !o6e"7 A*#'al )%4*(a"&e 4 O'#!'# !o6e"

RES)LT%

T(e !e"fo"ma$*e *(a"a*#e"%4#%* of #(e "e*%!"o*a#%$& !'m! %4 4#')%e) a$) #(e eff%*%e$* %4

*al*'la#e) ,,,,, G


32/49

?

O'#'

#$ 00055 ( ?m3 8 4@

3. RAKE HORSE PO>ER%

BH ?+ D + N + T@ 8 ?90 :5@ ?(!@

(e"e N S!ee) of #(e #'"b%$e %$ ?"!m@

D Effe*#%e )%ame#e" of b"a=e )"'m 0315 m

T To"4%o$ %$ To T1 T2 ?&@

4. INDICATED HORSE PO>ER%

IH ?1000 > H@ 8 :5 ?(!@(e"e

H To#al (ea) ?m@


38/49

5. PERCENTAGE EFFICIENC@%

G ?BH 8 IH + 100@ ?G@

DESCRIPTION%

el#o$ 6(eel #'"b%$e %4 a$ %m!'l4e #'"b%$e 6(%*( %4 '4e) #o a*# o$ (%&( loa)4 a$) fo"

&e$e"a#%$& ele*#"%*%# All #(e aa%lable (ea)4 a"e *la44%f%e) %$ #o elo*%# e$e"& b mea$4 of 4!ea"

a$) $oKKle a""a$&eme$# o4%#%o$ of #(e e# 4#"%=e4 #(e =$%fe-e)&e of #(e b'*=e#4 6%#( lea4# "ela#%e

"e4%4#a$*e4 a$) 4(o*=4 (%le !a44%$& alo$& #(e b'*=e#4 #(e elo*%# of #(e 6a#e" %4 "e)'*e) a$)

(e$*e a$ %m!'l4e fo"*e %4 4'!!l%e) #o #(e *'!4 6(%*( %$ #'"$ a"e moe) a$) (e$*e 4(af# %4 "o#a#e)

PROCED)RE%

1 T(e el#o$ 6(eel #'"b%$e %4 4#a"#e)

2 All #(e 6e%&(# %$ #(e (a$&e" %4 "emoe)

3 T(e !"e44'"e &a'&e "ea)%$& %4 $o#e) )o6$ a$) %# %4 #o be ma%$#a%$e) *o$4#a$# fo"

)%ffe"e$# loa)4

7 T(e e$#'"%me#e" "ea)%$&4 a"e $o#e) )o6$

5 T(e 4!"%$& bala$*e "ea)%$& a$) 4!ee) of #(e #'"b%$e a"e al4o $o#e) )o6$

9 A 5& loa) %4 !'# o$ #(e (a$&e" 4%m%la"l all #(e *o""e4!o$)%$& "ea)%$&4 a"e $o#e)

)o6$

: T(e e+!e"%me$# %4 "e!ea#e) fo" )%ffe"e$# loa)4 a$) #(e "ea)%$&4 a"e #ab'la#e)

GRAPHS%T(e follo6%$& &"a!(4 a"e )"a6$

1 BH 4 IH

2 BH 4 4!ee)

3 BH 4 Eff%*%e$*

RES)LT%

T('4 #(e !e"fo"ma$*e *(a"a*#e"%4#%*4 of #(e el#o$ (eel T'"b%$e %4 )o$e a$) #(e

ma+%m'm eff%*%e$* of #(e #'"b%$e %4 ,,, G


39/49

?

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T(/-$/

T

K4

S#-/4

&8&/(

T2

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>(-4$,&/4(

T1

;4

S#(($,'J

-/(

N

R#9

>(-4'$,

&/4(T$

K4

7"10


40/49

CHARACTERISTICS C)R!ES OF FRANCIS T)RINE

E"# N$% 10

D&'(%

AIM%

To *o$)'*# loa) #e4# o$ f"a$*(%4 #'"b%$e a$) #o 4#') #(e *(a"a*#e"%4#%*4 of f"a$*%4 #'"b%$e

APPARAT)S RE*)IRED%

1 S#o! 6a#*(

2 Ta*(ome#e"

FORM)LAE%

1. !ENT)RIMETER READING%

( ?!1 - !2@ + 10 ?m@

(e"e

1 !2- e$#'"%me#e" "ea)%$&4 %$ =& 8 *m2

2. DISCHARGE%

> 0011 + ( ?m38 4@

3. RAKE HORSEPO>ER%

BH + D + N + T 8 90 + :5 ?( !@

(e"e

N S!ee) of #'"b%$e %$ ?"!m@

D Effe*#%e )%ame#e" of b"a=e )"'m 0315m

T #o"4%o$ %$ Q=&

4. INDICATED HORSEPO>ER%

H 1000 + > + H 8 :5 ?(!@

(e"e

H #o#al (ea) %$ ?m@

5. PERCENTAGE EFFICIENC@%

G BH + 100 8 IH ? G@


41/49

DESCRIPTION%

Mo)e"$ F"a$*%4 #'"b%$e %$ a$ %$6a") m%+e) flo6 "ea*#%o$ #'"b%$e %# %4 a me)%'m (ea)

#'"b%$e He$*e %# "e'%"e) me)%'m 'a$#%# of 6a#e" T(e 6a#e" '$)e" !"e44'"e f"om #(e !e$4#o*=

e$#e"4 #(e 4'%""el *a4%$& T(e *a4%$& *om!le#el 4'""o'$)4 #(e 4e"%e4 of f%+e) a$e4 T(e &'%)e4Ja$e4 )%"e*# #(e 6a#e" o$ #o #(e "'$$e" T(e 6a#e" e$#e"4 #(e "'$$e" of #(e #'"b%$e %$ #(e )%al

)%"e*#%o$ a# o'#le# a$) leae4 %$ #(e a+%al )%"e*#%o$ a# #(e %$le# of #(e "'$$e" T('4 %# %4 a m%+e) flo6

#'"b%$e

PROCED)RE%

1T(e F"a$*%4 #'"b%$e %4 4#a"#e)

2 All #(e 6e%&(#4 %$ #(e (a$&e" a"e "emoe)

3T(e !"e44'"e &a'&e "ea)%$& %4 $o#e) )o6$ a$) #(%4 %4 #o be

ma%$#a%$e) *o$4#a$# fo" )%ffe"e$# loa)4

7 "e44'"e &a'&e "ea)%$& %4 a44e$)e) )o6$

5 T(e e$#'"%me#e" "ea)%$& a$) 4!ee) of #'"b%$e a"e $o#e) )o6$

9T(e e+!e"%me$# %4 "e!ea#e) fo" )%ffe"e$# loa)4 a$) #(e "ea)%$& a"e #ab'la#e)

GRAPHS %

T(e follo6%$& &"a!(4 a"e )"a6$

1 BH ?4@ IH

2 BH ?4@ 4!ee)

3 BH ?4@ G eff%*%e$*

RES)LT %

T('4 #(e !e"fo"ma$*e *(a"a*#e"#%*4 of #(e F"a$*%4 6(eel #'"b%$e a"e )o$e a$) #(e ma+%m'm

eff%*%e$* of #(e #'"b%$e %4 ,,,, G


42/49

?

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43/49

S#(($,'J-/(

N

R#9

>(-4'$,

&/4(T$

K4

H+P1P27

"10

9$,a*# A + ( 8 # ?m 8 4e*@


45/49

(e"e

A A"ea of #(e *olle*#%$& #a$= ?m@

( R%4e of 6a#e" leel %$ *olle*#%$& #a$= ?*m@

# T%me #a=e$ fo" (J "%4e of o%l %$ *olle*#%$& #a$= ?4@

2. THEORETICAL DISCHARGE%

>#(e ?; 8 15@ + ?#a$ 8 2@ 2 + & + H 582 ?m 3 8 4@

(e"eH Ma$ome#e" (e%&(# %$ m

& /"a%# %$ m 8 4

3. COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE%

C) >a*# 8 > #(e ?$o '$%#@

DESCRIPTION%

1 T(e %$le# ale %4 o!e$e) a$) 6a#e" %4 allo6e) #o "%4e '! #o #(e leel of #(e #"%a$&'la"

$o#*(

2 T(e !o%$#e" of #(e ma$ome#e" &a'&e %4 a)'4#e) 4o #(a# %# *o%$*%)e4 #(e 6a#e" 4'"fa*ea$) $o#e )o6$ "ea)%$&

3 T(e %$le# ale %4 o!e$e) 4o #(a# #(e 6a#e" flo64 oe" #(e $o#*( a# #(e 4ame "a#e

7 T(e 6a#e" leel %4 $o#e) b mea$4 of !o%$# &a'&e

5 T(e "ea)%$&4 fo" H2 %4 $o#e)

9 T(e #%me "e'%"e) fo"10 *m "%4e of 6a#e" leel %4 $o#e)

: T(e aboe !"o*e)'"e %4 "e!ea#e) fo" )%ffe"e$# )%4*(a"&e

RES)LT%

T(e *o-eff%*%e$# of )%4*(a"&e of #"%a$&'la" $o#*( %4 C) ,,?$o '$%#@


46/49

C$(,,--(/'$,

-&4(C

/$/-'7

T($('-&8-&4(

*'("103

9

3B(

M(&/+

A'&8

-&4(*

&'"10

3

93B(


47/49

T-9('&;(/

,$109$,

-($,

flud mechanics and fluid machinery lab notes of lesson.doc

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