Florida Marine Reserve

Lawton, J.H., et al. (1998) Biodiversity inventories, indicator taxa and effects of habitat modification in tropical forest. Nature, 391, 72-76.

Birds Butterflies

Flying Beetles

Canopy Beetles

Canopy Ants Litter Ants

Termites Nematodes

Indicator Species

Lawton, J.H., et al. (1998) Biodiversity inventories, indicator taxa and effects of habitat modification in tropical forest. Nature, 391, 72-76.

Interaction Conservation

Interaction Conservation

• Thompson, J. N. 1996. Evolutionary ecology and the conservation of biodiversity. TREE 11:300-303.

• Both ecological and evolutionary consequences

• Geographic-mosaic theory of evolution / coevolution

Geographic Mosaic Theory

• Species are groups of genetically differentiated populations

• Outcomes of interactions vary among communities

• Interacting species differ in their geographic ranges

Thompson, J. N. 1997. Evaluating the dynamics of coevolution among geographically structured populations. Ecology 78:1619-1623.

Geographic Mosaic Theory

Thompson, J. N. 1997. Evaluating the dynamics of coevolution among geographically structured populations. Ecology 78:1619-1623.

Should we focus conservation efforts on:

A. Wilderness areas: Pristine areas far from human contact

B. Wildlife areas bordering “high density” human populations

Biodiversity and Human Density in Sub-Saharan Africa

Biodiversity and Human Density in Sub-Saharan Africa

Gardenification

Janzen, D. 1998. Gardenification of Wildland Nature and the Human Footprint. Science 279:1312-1313.

Janzen, D. 1999. Gardenification of tropical conserved wildlands: Multitasking, multicropping, and multiusers. PNAS 96:5987-5994.

Biodiversity and Human Conflict

• 4 spp. of birds found on islands of Western Pacific delisted or upgraded (listed on the basis of surveys immediately following WWII)

• The civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo has devastated wildlife – Garamba Park: ~ 4,000 / 12,000 elephants killed between 1995 and 1999.