Floriculture

Principles of Floral Design

Five Principles of Design Balance Harmony (unity) Scale (proportion) Emphasis/Focal area/Focal point Rhythm

Balance The actual weight or feeling of weight in a

design. Sense of stability and security Achieved mechanically and visually

Aspects of Balance Mechanical

distributing the mass of the design

top to bottom side to side follows central axis void of flowers or a

“leaning arrangement” will be unbalanced.

Visual the way a person

perceives mass or weight

becomes more visually balanced when the design is “heavier” near the base

Types of Symmetry Symmetrical

Balance central axis is in the

center of the container radial symmetry bilateral symmetry biradial symmetry spiral symmetry

Asymmetrical Balance central axis to the side

of center when viewed from front

one side of axis has more mass than the other

off-center placement of axis balances the unequal mass

Factors Which Influence Mass Color

dark colors have more mass than light colors General ratio guide- 3 white: 2 medium: 1 dark is

balanced Texture

bold items are heavier than feathery-textured items Shape and Size

larger and taller flowers weigh more than smaller flowers

Lighting affects color intensity

Harmony (Unity) A blending together of design components

(plant material, container, accessories, base, & background)

Very abstract Depends on personnel preference

Scale (Proportion) Size and shape relationships between:

the flowers and the other design components. the container and the other design components. the design itself and the space to be filled.

Rule of Thumb design should be 1.5 times the height/width of

container

Rule of Thumb Exceptions When the container is not a visible part of the

design. When using colors that appear to be more

massive, they appear to be shorter.

Emphasis/Focal Point Mechanical

generally located at the base of the central axis

stems are directed toward the focal point

allows stems to appear as if they are growing naturally from a single source.

Visual usually near the

mechanical focal point naturally draws the eye

to the “heaviest” area of the design

strong visual focal point enhances the design

Rhythm Intentional placement of materials to create a

pleasing pattern Four methods of creating rhythm

Repetition Transition Facing Depth

Repetition Repeating color, shape, lines, or size of

components Most commonly used method of achieving

rhythm Work with at least 2 stems of any particular

flower variety

Transition Gradual change in the placement or spacing

of color, form, line, and scale within a design More subtle way to create patterns Gradually space flowers closer together as

the eye travels down into the design

Facing Facing of flower heads or other components Best used in contemporary designs where

stems are not all placed toward one mechanical focal point

Depth The “in” and “out” eye movement created by

placement of selected materials further into the design

May be of a particular color, shape, texture, or scale

Form (Line & Silhouette) Silhouette of the design Used to create certain feelings

Straight lines: strength and dominance Curved lines: grace and relaxation

A variety of forms (components) adds interest to the design

FormsMost designs fall in these categories:

Vertical (bud vase) Horizontal (table centerpiece) Symmetrical triangle Asymmetrical triangle Round, oval and circular Fan and radiating Curved, crescent and hogarth Parallel and new convention