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OK CDE 2018
FLORICULTURE 4 Member Team
IMPORTANT NOTE
Please thoroughly read the General CDE Rules Section at the beginning of this handbook for complete rules and procedures that are relevant to State FFA Career Development Events.
I. PURPOSE The Floriculture Career Development Event is designed to promote the study of and interest in production and retailing of flowers, plants and foliage through the agricultural education curriculum. II. OBJECTIVES
A. Identify floriculture and bedding plant materials. B. Identify and understand treatment of unhealthy plants due to pest, nutritional,
mechanical or chemical injury. C. Understand the biological and scientific principles and develop the skills underlying
propagation, growth requirements, growing techniques, harvesting, marketing and maintenance of established floriculture plants.
D. Understand principles and develop skills of floral design. E. Identify and select appropriate supplies and equipment for the flower shop and
greenhouse. F. Understand and demonstrate the use of safety procedures and practices in
floriculture operations. G. Operate and maintain appropriate equipment for floriculture operations. H. Understand and demonstrate interpersonal skills necessary for successful
employment in the floriculture industry. I. Understand and demonstrate proper sales and customer service skills. J. Understand general business practices appropriate to the floriculture industry.
III. EVENT RULES
A. A school may enter only one team, consisting of four members, in this event. The score for a team will be calculated from all four members’ accrued points.
B. A school without a team may enter up to three individuals to compete for individual awards.
C. All contestants, whether participating as a team member or individual will participate in ALL of the following events:
1. Identification of Plant Materials
OK CDE 2018
2. General Knowledge Examination 3. Problem-Solving/Decision-Making (with approximately 1/3 mathematical
computations, 1/3 pests, weeds, & disease disorders, and 1/3 handling hazardous situations and pesticide safety).
4. Making an arrangement, corsage, or dish garden
D. Only those students who are competing will be allowed to participate in this event.
E. Under no circumstances will any participant be allowed to touch or handle plant material during the event except when instructed by the event staff.
F. Any assistance given to a participant from any source during the event, other than floriculture official, will be sufficient cause to eliminate the team from the event.
IV. EVENT FORMAT A. Team Make-Up
1. An entry of one team consisting of four members OR up to three individuals per school.
B. Equipment 1. Students are responsible for bringing their own clipboard free of notes or
paper, pens and pencils, and a basic calculator. (No cell phone calculators may be used.) Clipboards must be clean and free of notes or paper.
2. Event superintendent will provide Floriculture Scansheet and Floriculture ID Lists
C. Event Schedule 1. Each contestant shall complete the event in the time allotted:
a. Identification of Plant Materials — 40 minutes b. General Knowledge Examination — 50 minutes c. Problem-Solving/Decision-Making — 50 minutes d. Arrangement, Corsage, or Dish Garden Practicum —Up to 20 minutes
OK CDE 2018
D. Identification of Plant Materials (200 points) 1. Each contestant will be required to identify 40 specimens (5 points each)
from the “Oklahoma State Floriculture CDE Plant List.” 2. Contestants must bubble the ID number, representing the appropriate name,
next to the number of the specimen being identified on the scan sheet. 3. Duplicate specimens may be used and may be represented by potted plants,
cut flowers and/or a leaf or stem sample, but NOT bulbs. 4. Each participant will be allowed 1 minute per station – do not look ahead or
skip over specimens. Participants will not be allowed to move ahead until directed to do so.
5. All participants will participate in this activity.
E. General Knowledge Examination (200 points) 1. This portion of the event will consist of 50 questions (4 points each),
addressing basic horticultural knowledge, with a focus on floriculture. 2. Questions will be written using the CIMC Introduction to Horticulture, 3rd
Edition or CIMC Greenhouse Management & Operations. 3. Questions may be multiple choice, true-false, and/or matching format(s). 4. Each participant will be allowed 50 minutes to complete this phase of the
event. 5. All participants will participate in this activity.
F. Problem-Solving/Decision-Making (100 points)
1. Each participant will solve 20 multiple-choice problems (5 points each) related to the various aspects of the floriculture industry.
2. Each problem will describe the situation or create the problem, and provide possible solutions to the problem.
3. The participant must decide on the best possible solution to the problem. 4. All materials necessary to solve the problem will be available to the
participant as he/she solves the problem. 5. This portion of the event will also include questions related to pests, weeds,
and disease disorders (located in the CDE pest, weeds, and disorders list), handling hazards situations including pesticide safety, or determining how a producer and/or retailer could have avoided creating the exhibited fault.
6. Each participant will be allowed 50 minutes to complete this phase of the event.
7. All participants will participate in this activity.
OK CDE 2018
G. Practicum (150 points)
• Make a floral arrangement, single flower corsage, or dish garden. • Using the materials provided, participants will be allowed 20 minutes to complete their
practicum activity and itemized bills. The event assistant at the beginning of the practicum will provide participants the RETAIL price of the plants that they will use. The MARKUP will be built into the retail price. When the participant has determined the total price, he or she has included the markup. Retail cost of plants given to the participant will be determined after polling florists/garden centers to determine their current retail prices on the plants used in the event. Scoring criteria are presented on the arrangement, corsage, and dish garden practicum scorecards, which will be recorded by a judge.
V. SCORING
Identification of Plant Materials ……………………………………… 200 General Knowledge Examination ………………………………...…. 200 Problem-Solving/Decision-Making .…………………………………. 100 Practicum* .......................................................................... 150
*The practicums will be scored using the rubrics from the 2017-2021 National Floriculture CDE Handbook. The total scores will be multiplied by 2 for Corsage or Dish Garden, and 1.5 for a Floral Arrangement in order to get to the 150 points, as score sheets are only worth 75 and 100 points, respectively. Total Points Individual…………….. 650 Team …………………. 2600
VI. TIEBREAKERS A. Ties for team awards will be broken using the following criteria:
1. The team with the higher score in the identification section wins. If still tied: 2. The team with the higher score on the written test wins. If still tied: 3. The team with the higher score on the problem solving.
B. Ties for individual awards shall be broken by substituting the word “individual” wherever the word “team” appears above.
VII. REFERENCES
OK CDE 2018
A. These suggested links are to help you study for the CDE. There are many good study sources; the links are by no means the only sites that will be helpful in your studies.
1. Introduction to Horticulture Third Edition, CIMC, Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education, Stillwater, Oklahoma
2. Greenhouse Management & Operations. 2006. CIMC, Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education, Stillwater, Oklahoma
3. Oklahoma FFA Floriculture CDE Pests and Disorders ID List
4. Plant disorders identification:
i. http://vegipm.tamu.edu/imageindex.html
ii. http://hortipm.tamu.edu/ipmguide/path/diseases.html
iii. http://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/pests/index.htm
iv. http://www.umass.edu/umext/floriculture/fact_sheets/pest_manage ment/plantdis.html
v. http://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/426/426-714/426-714.html
vi. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mg441
vii. Junior Master Gardener material from Texas A&M: http://jmgkids.us
VIII. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS AND FORMS Oklahoma FFA Floriculture CDE Plant ID List
Oklahoma FFA Floriculture CDE Pests, Weeds, and Disorders List
Scoring Rubrics
Floriculture Scansheet (Universal C 705C-1)
OKLAHOMA FFA FLORICULTURE CDE PLANT ID LIST
1. Ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum cvs.) 2. Aluminum Plant (Pilea cadierel) 3. Amaryllis (Hippeastrum cvs.) 4. Anthurium (Flamingo Flower)
(Anthurium x ferriernense cvs. ) 5. Arrowhead Vine (Syngonium podophyllum cvs.) 6. Artillery Plant (Pilea microphylla ) 7. Astilbe (Astilbe x arendsil cvs. ) 8. Azalea (Rhododendron cvs. ) 9. Baby's Breath (Gypsophila elegans cvs. ) 10. Begonia, Tuberous (Begonia tuberhybrida cvs. ) 11. Begonia, Wax (Begonia
semperflorens-cultorum cvs. ) 12. Bird-of-Paradise (Strelitzia reginae ) 13. Blanket Flower (Gaillardia x grandiflora cvs. ) 14. Bromeliad (Genera of the Bromeliaceae) 15. Cactus (Genera of the Cactaceae) 16. Cactus, Christmas (Schlumbergera x buckleyi ) 17. Cactus, Thanksgiving (Schlumbergera truncat) 18. Caladium, Fancy-leaved (Caladium bicolor cvs. ) 19. Camellia (Camellia japonica cvs. ) 20. Canna, Common Garden (Canna x generalis
cvs. ) 21. Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus cvs. ) 22. China Aster (Callistephus chinensis cvs. ) 23. Chinese Evergreen (Agiaonema commutatum
cvs. ) 24. Chrysanthemum, Florist's
(Chrysanthemum morifolium) 25. Cineraria, Florist's (Pericallis x hybrida ) 26. Clematis (Clematis cvs. ) 27. Cockscomb (Celosia argentea var. cristata ) 28. Coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides ) 29. Corn Plant (Dracerna fragrans ' Massangeana') 30. Creeping Charley (Pilea nummulariifolia ) 31. Croton (Codiaeum variegatum var pictum ) 32. Crown-of-Thorns (Euphorbia milii var.
splendens ) 33. Cyclamen, Florist's (Cyclamen persicum ) 34. Daffodil (Narcissus cvs. ) 35. Daisy, Marguerite (Argyranthemum frutecens ) 36. Daisy, Shasta (Leucanthemum x superburn cvs.) 37. Daisy, Transvaal or Barberton
(Gerbera jamesonii cvs. ) 38. Daylily (Hemerocallis cvs. ) 39. Dracaena, Red-Edged (Dracaena cincta 40. Dumbcane (Dieffenbachia spp. ) 41. Dusty Miller (Senecio cineraria )
42. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp. ) 43. Fern, Boston (Nephrolepis exaltata cvs. ) 44. Fern, Leatherleaf (Rumohra adiantiformis ) 45. Fern, Maidenhair (Adiantum spp. ) 46. Fern, Ming (Asparagus retrofractus ) 47. Fern, Plumosa (Asparagus setaceus ) 48. Fern, Rabbit's Foot (Davalia fejeensis ) 49. Fern, Sprengeri (Asparagus densiflorus
'Sprengeri' Sprengeri Group) 50. Fig, Benjamin (Ficus benjamina cvs.) 51. Fig, Creeping (Ficus pumila ) 52. Firecracker Flower (Crossandra
infundibuliformis ) 53. Freesia (Freesia cvs. ) 54. Friendship Plant (Pilea involucrata ) 55. Gardenia, Common, Cape Jessamine
(Gardenia augusta cvs. ) 56. Gayfeather (Liatris spicata ) 57. Geranium Ivy (Pelargonium peltatum cvs. ) 58. Geranium, Regal or Lady Washington
(Pelargonium x dome sticum ) 59. Geranium, Strawberry (Saxifraga stolonifera ) 60. Geranium, Zonal or Bedding (Pelargonium x
hortorum cvs. ) 61. Gladiolus, Garden (Gladiolus cvs. ) 62. Gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa ) 63. Heath or Heather (Erica spp. ) 64. Hen and Chickens (Sempervivum tectorum ) 65. Huckleberry, Florist's (Vaccinium ovaturn ) 66. Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis cvs. ) 67. Hydrangea, French or Florist's (Hydrangea
macrophylia cvs. ) 68. Impatiens, Common (Impatiens walleriana
cvs.) 69. Impatiens, New Guinea Hybrids (Impatiens
hawkeri cvs. ) 70. Iris, Dutch (Iris x hollandica cvs. ) 71. Iris, Flag or Bearded (Iris germanica cvs. ) 72. Ivy, English (Hedera helix cvs. ) 73. Ivy, Grape (Cissus rhombifolia ) 74. Ivy, Swedish (Piectranthus verticillatus ) 75. Jade Plant (Crassula ovata ) 76. Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe longiflorum cvs. ) 77. Lily, Easter (Lillum longiflorum cvs. ) 78. Lily, Hybrid Garden (Lillum cvs. ) 79. Lily, Peace (Spathiphyllum cvs. ) 80. Lily, Peruvian (Alstroemeria cvs. ) 81. Lily, Plantain (Hosta cvs. )
OKLAHOMA FFA FLORICULTURE CDE PLANT ID LIST
82. Marigold (Tagetes spp. ) 83. Million Bells (Calibrachoa cvs. ) 84. Nerve Plant (Fittonia verschaffellii ) 85. Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla ) 86. Orchid, Cattleya (Cattleya cvs. ) 87. Orchid, Cymbidium (Cymbidium cvs. ) 88. Orchid, Dendrobium (Dendrobium cvs.) 89. Orchid, Paphiopedilum or Lady-Slipper
(Phalaenopsis cvs. ) 90. Orchid, Phalaenopsis or Moth
(Phalaenopsiscvs.) 91. Palm, Parlor (Chamardorea elegans ) 92. Pansy, Garden (Viola x wittrockiana cvs. ) 93. Peony (Paeonia lactifloria cvs. ) 94. Peperomia, Emerald-Ripple (Peperomia
caperata ) 95. Peperomia, Pepper-Face (Peperomia
obtusifolia cvs. ) 96. Peperomia, Watermelon (Peperomia argyreia ) 97. Periwinkle, Madagascar (Catharanthus roseus
cvs.) 98. Petunia, Common Garden (Petunia x hybrida
cvs. ) 99. Philodendron, Cutleaf (Monstera deliciosa) 100. Philodendron, Heartleaf (Philodendron
scandens var. oxycardium) 101. Pickaback Plant (Tomiea menziesii ) 102. Pocketbook Plant (Calceolaria, Herbeohybrida
Group) 103. Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima ) 104. Pothos, Golden, Devil's Ivy (Epipremnum
aureum cvs. ) 105. Prayer Plant (Maranta leuconeura var.
kerchoviana) 106. Primrose, Polyanthus (Primula, Pruhonicensis
Hybrids) 107. Primrose, Fairy or Baby (Primula malacoides ) 108. Purple Velvet Plant (Gynura aurantiaca ' Purple
Passion') 109. Rose (Rose cvs.) 110. Rubber Plant (Ficus elastica cvs. ) 111. Sage, Mealycup (Salvia farinacea ) 112. Sage, Scarlet (Salvia splendens cvs. ) 113. Schefflera, Dwarf (Schefflera arboricola ) 114. Shrimp Plant (Justicia brandegeana) 115. Snake Plant (Sansevieria cvs.) 116. Snapdragon (Anthirrhinum majus cvs. ) 117. Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum cvs.)
118. Statice (Limonium sinatum ) 119. Stephanotis (Stephanotis floribunda ) 120. Stock, Flowering (Matthiola incana ) 121. Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia maritima cvs.) 122. Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa ) 123. Tulip (Tulipa cvs.) 124. Violet, African (Saintpaulia ionantha cvs.) 125. Violet, German or Persian (Exacum affine) 126. Wandering Jew (Tradescantia zebrina cvs.) 127. Wax Flower (Chamelaucium uncinatum) 128. Wax Plant (Hoya camosa ) 129. Wishbone Flower (Torenia fournieri ) 130. Zebra Plant (Aphelandra squarrosa) 131. Zinnia (Zinnia elgans cvs.)
OKLAHOMA FFA FLORICULTURE CDE PESTS AND DISORDERS ID DISEASES
x Bacterial Wilt/Blight
x Black Spot
x Botrytis Blight
x Damping-Off
x Downey Mildew
x Nematode
x Powdery Mildew
x Root Rot
x Verticillium
x Virus
INSECTS AND RELATED PESTS
x Aphid
x Caterpillar
x Earwig
x Fungus Gnat
x Leafhopper
x Leaf Miner
x Mealybug
x Spider Mite
x Scale Insect
x Snail/Slug
x Thrips
x Whitefly
PHYSIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
x 2, 4D Injury
x Cycocel Phytotoxicity
x Ethelyne Injury
x Excessive Growth Regulator
x Iron Deficiency
x Nitrogen Deficiency
x pH too high
x pH too low
x Phosphorus Deficiency
x Potassium Deficiency
x Sunscald/Solarization
WEEDS
x Grasses
x Oxalis
x Pigweed
x Purslane
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Floriculture
NATIONAL FFA CAREER AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT EVENTS HANDBOOK 2017–2021
Floral Arrangement Practicum Rubric100 points
NAME MEMBER NUMBER
CHAPTER STATE TEAM NUMBER
POSSIBLE SCORE Excellent Good Needs Improvement
Member Score
Arrangement 85
Category Interpretation 7-15 points 6-10 points 0-5 points
Balance 7-10 points 4-6 points 0-3 points
Creativity 7-10 points 4-6 points 0-3 points
DepthFocal Emphasis. LineMechanicsScaleUnity
7-10 points7-10 points7-10 points7-10 points4-5 points4-5 points
4-6 points4-6 points4-6 points4-6 points2-3 points2-3 points
0-3 points0-3 points0-3 points0-3 points0-1 points0-1 points
Itemized List of Costs 15
Price Range 4-5 points 2-3 points 0-1 points
Identification and Accuracy 7-10 points 4-6 points 0-3 points
TOTAL POSSIBLE: 100EXPLANATION OF FLORAL ARRANGEMENT TERMS
Category Interpretation: Design follows objective scenario givenBalance: Physical and VisualCreativity: Artistic inventivenessDepth: Placement of materials at different levels throughout the arrangement
Focal Emphasis: Design has one area of design that attracts the eye to itLine: MovementMechanics: Professional techniques and applicationScale: ProportionUnity: Cohesiveness of design
JUDGE’S NAME JUDGE’S SIGNATURE DATE
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Floriculture
NATIONAL FFA CAREER AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT EVENTS HANDBOOK 2017–2021
Floral Arrangement Itemized List of Costs
NAME MEMBER NUMBER
CHAPTER STATE TEAM NUMBER
Quantity FLOWER/FOLIAGE Unit Cost Total
TOTAL FLOWER/FOLIAGE MATERIAL COST
Quantity MATERIAL USED Unit Cost Total
TOTAL HARD GOODS COST
TOTAL ARRANGEMENT COST*
* Participants will be provided the retail price of flowers and foliage that they will use in their arrangement by the event official at the beginning of the practicum. The markup is built into the retail price of the flowers and the foliage used in the arrangement.
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Floriculture
NATIONAL FFA CAREER AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT EVENTS HANDBOOK 2017–2021
Floriculture Making and Packing a Corsage Rubric75 points
NAME MEMBER NUMBER
CHAPTER STATE TEAM NUMBER
Excellent Good Needs Improvement
Member Score
Wiring,taping, and/or gluing 11-15 points 6-10 points 0-5 points
Use of ribbon 7-10 points 4-6 points 0-3 points
Design 11-15 points 6-10 points 0-3 points
Wear-ability 7-10 points 4-6 points 0-3 points
Packaging 4-5 points 2-3 points 0-1 points
Pricing (accuracy of pricing identification) 7-10 points 5-8 points 0-4 points
Pricing 7-10 points 4-6 points 0-3 points
TOTAL SCORE: 75
JUDGE’S NAME JUDGE’S SIGNATURE DATE
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Floriculture
NATIONAL FFA CAREER AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT EVENTS HANDBOOK 2017–2021
Corsage Itemized List of Costs
NAME MEMBER NUMBER
CHAPTER STATE TEAM NUMBER
Quantity FLOWER/FOLIAGE USED Unit Cost Total
TOTAL FLOWER/FOLIAGE MATERIAL COST
Quantity MATERIAL USED Unit Cost Total
TOTAL HARD GOODS COST
Total Plant Material Cost
Total Hard Goods Cost
TOTAL CORSAGE COST
DATE
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Floriculture
NATIONAL FFA CAREER AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT EVENTS HANDBOOK 2017–2021
Mixed Combination Planter Itemized List of Costs
NAME MEMBER NUMBER
CHAPTER STATE TEAM NUMBER
Quantity PLANT MATERIAL Unit Cost Total
TOTAL FLOWER/FOLIAGE MATERIAL COST
Quantity MATERIAL USED Unit Cost Total
TOTAL HARD GOODS COST
Total Plant Material Cost
Total Hard Goods Cost
Container Cost
Sub Total
TOTAL MIXED PLANTER COST DATE
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Code
Last Name First Name
Universal Form C #705C-1
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A B C D E
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A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
Exam 2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
A B C D E
Exam 3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
88
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
Judge 2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
88
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
Judge 3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
88
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
Judge 4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
88
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
Keep
Cu
ll
Mark
4 K
eep
s a
nd
4 C
ulls!
#
Keep/Cull 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
Keep
Cu
ll
Mark
4 K
eep
s a
nd
4 C
ulls!
#
Keep/Cull 2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
Keep
Cu
ll
Mark
4 K
eep
s a
nd
4 C
ulls!
#
Keep/Cull 3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
CK
Keep
Cu
ll
Mark
4 K
eep
s a
nd
4 C
ulls!
#
Keep/Cull 4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Placing Classes
1234
1243
1324
1342
1423
1432
2134
2143
2314
2341
2413
2431
3124
3142
3214
3241
3412
3421
4123
4132
4213
4231
4312
4321
1234
1243
1324
1342
1423
1432
2134
2143
2314
2341
2413
2431
3124
3142
3214
3241
3412
3421
4123
4132
4213
4231
4312
4321
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Mark one answer in each column!
21 3 4 5 6
21 3 4 5 6
I d e n t i f i c a t i o n
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
2
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
3
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
4
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
5
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
6
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
7
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
10
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
11
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
12
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
13
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
14
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
15
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
16
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
17
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
18
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
19
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
20
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
21
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
22
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
23
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
24
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
25
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
26
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
27
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
28
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
29
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
30
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
31
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
32
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
33
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
34
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
35
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
36
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
37
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
38
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
39
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
40
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
41
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
42
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
43
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
44
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
45
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
46
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
47
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
48
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
49
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
50
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
51
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
52
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
53
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
54
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
55
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
56
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
57
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
58
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
59
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
60
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1