Floriculture

2009 District Test

A

• 1. Which of the following comprises the largest part of the greenhouse industry?

• • a. floriculture• b. olericulture• c. pomology• d. nursery crops

D

• 2. Which of the following individuals is credited with conducting some of the first research concerning how plants grow?

• • a. Tiberius (Nero)• b. Varro• c. Albertus Magnus• d. Theophrastus

A

• 3. Which of the following job titles would be responsible for keeping current on plant-production technology?

• • a. grower• b. marketing manager• c. service technician• d. receptionist

A

• 4. The proper orientation for greenhouses south of the 38th parallel is

• • a. ends facing north and south.• b. ends facing east and west.• c. sides facing east and west.• d. orientation makes no difference

south of the 38th parallel.

A

• 5. Which of the following greenhouse covering materials cannot be used on a Gothic arch greenhouse?

• • a. glass• b. fiberglass panels• c. polyethylene plastic film• d. polycarbonate panels

D

• 6. Which of the following is not a factor to be considered when purchasing a greenhouse covering material?

• • a. light transmission• b. longevity• c. heat retention• d. chemical composition

B

• 7. Lexan® is one brand name available for what type of greenhouse glazing material?

• • a. acrylic• b. polycarbonate• c. fiberglass• d. low-E glass

B

• 8. Which of the following represents the greatest disadvantage for using twin-walled polycarbonate as a greenhouse covering material?

• • a. heat retention• b. high initial cost• c. light diffusion• d. longevity

B

• 9. An electronic semiconductor used in computer-controlled greenhouses is known as

• • a. an aspirated thermostat.• b. a thermistor.• c. a solid state fuel cell.• d. a humidistat.

A

• 10. Which of the following greenhouse floor materials would be hardest to keep sanitized?

• • a. bare ground• b. brick pavers• c. asphalt• d. concrete

C

• 11. Unit heaters that use combustible fuels • • a. consume carbon monoxide.• b. consume carbon dioxide.• c. must be supplied with fresh air.• d. release oxygen into the

greenhouse.

D• 12. As an energy conservation method, twin-wall

covering materials operate on the principle of • • a. reducing the amount of greenhouse

space to be heated.• b. returning warm air downward from the

greenhouse attic.• c. reducing the infiltration loss from the

greenhouse covering material.• d. increasing the R-value of the greenhouse

covering.

D

• 13. Which of the following is an environmental factor normally monitored by greenhouse owners?

• • a. carbon dioxide level• b. chlorophyll content• c. oxygen level• d. None of these is correct.

B

• 14. As the air in a greenhouse warms and no additional water vapor is added the relative humidity

• • a. goes up.• b. goes down.• c. stays the same.• d. approaches 100 percent.

D

• 15. Which of the following is a characteristic of dicots?

• • a. pith in center of stem• b. single cotyledon• c. vascular bundles scattered

throughout stem• d. leaves with netted veins

B

• 16. Which of the following serves as a food source for the embryo of a seed?

• • a. radicle• b. endosperm• c. hypocotyl• d. epicotyl

B

• 17. Where in a plant can cambium meristem tissue be found?

• • a. at the tips of shoots• b. in stems• c. at the tips of roots• d. just above the nodes of a monocot

A

• 18. An example of a plant with adventitious air roots would be

• • a. English ivy.• b. orchid.• c. Swedish ivy.• d. water lily.

D

• 19. Horizontal, above ground stems that can form roots on their lower surface are known as

• • a. rhizomes.• b. corms.• c. bulbs.• d. stolons.

C

• 20. Which of the following is not a modified leaf?

• • a. thorn• b. tendril• c. plumule• d. bract

B

• 21. Leaves with rounded projections along their margins are said to be

• • a. dentate.• b. lobed.• c. undulate.• d. incised.

B

• 22. Which of the following statements is false?• • a. A flower can be perfect yet incomplete.• b. A flower can be imperfect yet complete.• c. A flower can be complete yet imperfect.• d. A flower can be perfect yet imperfect.

A

• 23. Which of the following is not a classification of stem growth?

• • a. fleshy• b. erect• c. creeping• d. decumbent

C

• 24. The tendency of plants to bend or grow upward is known as

• • a. photoperiodism.• b. phototropism.• c. geotropism.• d. photosynthesis.

C

• 25. Which of the following is a photoperiodic response in plants?

• • a. root growth• b. chlorophyll development• c. bract coloration• d. None of these is correct.

A

• 26. Which of the following is not a normal function of a plant’s leaves?

• • a. reproduction• b. food manufacture• c. protection of vegetative buds• d. sunlight interception

D

• 27. Which of the following growing media amendments is organic in nature?

• • a. vermiculite• b. rock wool• c. perlite• d. coir

B

• 28. Which of the following is a chemical characteristic of a growing medium?

• • a. porosity• b. pH• c. bulk density• d. carbon:nitrogen ratio

D

• 29. Which of the following primarily is used to adding weight to a growing medium?

• • a. coir • b. perlite• c. Sphagnum peat moss• d. sand

C

• 30. Necrosis along the edges of the older, lower leaves of a plant best describes a deficiency of which of the following essential mineral elements?

• • a. potassium• b. manganese• c. magnesium• d. iron

B

• 31. Which of the following is an essential macronutrient?

• • a. iron• b. hydrogen• c. sulfur• d. zinc

D

• 32. Which of the following is classified as an essential secondary macroelement in plant nutrition?

• • a. phosphorus• b. iron• c. boron• d. magnesium

A

• 33. How many pounds of actual potassium are contained by a 20-pound bag of 20-10-20 fertilizer?

• • a. 20• b. 400• c. 10• d. 5

B

• 34. If plants are being fed at the rate of 250 ppm nitrogen from a fertilizer with the analysis of 20-10-20, how much phosphorus (as P2O5) is being fed at the same time?

• • a. 250 ppm• b. 125 ppm• c. 200 ppm• d. None of these is correct.

B

• 35. The four environmental conditions that play a key role in seed germination are

• • a. age of seed, temperature, moisture,

light.• b. temperature, moisture, light, oxygen.• c. air, moisture, age of seed,

temperature.• d. seed dormancy, temperature, light,

moisture.

C

• 36. The resting stage for seeds that prevents them from germinating until specific environmental conditions have been met is known as

• • a. stratification.• b. scarification.• c. dormancy.• d. All of these are correct.

D

• 37. A method of asexual (vegetative) plant propagation in which new roots are formed on a stem while it still is attached to the parent plant is called

• • a. grafting.• b. stem cuttings.• c. division.• d. layering.

A

• 38. Seed germination in which the cotyledons emerge above ground is termed __________ and exhibited by most __________ plants.

• • a. epigeous; dicot• b. epigeous; monocot• c. hypogeous; dicot• d. hypogeous; monocot

D

• 39. Rooting hormones used in plant propagation

• • a. stimulate vigorous root growth.• b. increase the percentage of

successfully rooted cuttings.• c. help plants root more quickly.• d. All of these are correct.

B

• 40. Which of the following type of mouth part does an aphid possess?

• • a. chewing• b. piercing• c. rasping• d. None of these is correct.

A

• 41. Which of the following would not be a stage in the life cycle of an insect that undergoes complete metamorphosis?

• • a. nymph• b. larva• c. egg• d. pupa

B

• 42. What type of pest control would pasteurizing growing media represent?

• • a. chemical• b. cultural• c. mechanical• d. biological

D

• 43. Which of the following is characteristic of thrips damage on plants?

• • a. large holes in the leaves of the plants• b. round, hard shells with rubbery

coating on plants• c. yellow, deformed foliage with

cottony masses attached• d. streaking and browning of flower

petals

C

• 44. What type of environmental conditions does Botrytis blight (gray mold) prefer?

• • a. warm and moist• b. warm and dry• c. cool and moist• d. cool and dry

D

• 45. The most important consideration when using pesticides in the greenhouse is to

• • a. never apply more than one pesticide at

a time.• b. clean equipment thoroughly after use.• c. never apply pesticides alone. • d. always read and follow label directions.

A

• 46. Which of the following disease organisms require a vector to spread them from plant-to-plant?

• • a. bacteria and viruses• b. fungi and nematodes• c. bacteria and nematodes• d. None of these is correct.

B

• 47. Which of the following would a pesticide label normally not contain?

• • a. first aid recommendations• b. expiration date of active ingredient• c. EPA classification• d. safe reentry time

B

• 48. A pesticide-laden substance that lures plant pests is referred to as

• • a. an emulsifiable concentrate.• b. a bait.• c. a pheromone.• d. an insect growth regulator.

C

• 49. Which of the following normally is not part of records kept to evaluate the marketing plan of a greenhouse operation?

• • a. price per plant• b. number of plants sold• c. income level of customer• d. date when plants were sold

D• 50. If labor costs $10.00 per hour and a worker

can transplant 10 trays filled with 806 cell packs per hour, how much transplanting labor is involved with each cell pack (rounded to two decimals)?

• • a. $.06• b. $.10• c. $.08• d. $.13

A

• 51. Which of the following would not be an example of a common potted foliage plant?

• • a. leatherleaf fern• b. Swedish ivy• c. Philodendron• d. golden pothos

B• 52. What processing techniques are applied to the

completed floral design?• • a. Only water and a preservative are added

to keep the arrangement fresh.• b. The arrangement is filled with water

containing a preservative and is refrigerated.

• c. Spray preservatives are applied to the leaves and flowers only.

• d. The arrangement is placed in a cool, dark location to keep it fresh.

D• 53. What is the first step in routing orders when

delivering?• • a. Sort orders according to where they are

to be delivered.• b. Sort orders according to the time they are

to be delivered.• c. Sort orders according to the type of

arrangement and kinds of flowers used.• d. Sort orders by the date the flowers are to

be delivered.

C

• 54. Why are water picks used in retail floral design?

•

• a. to anchor the stems of flowers in floral foam

• b. to anchor foliage in the container• c. to provide water for individual flowers• d. to provide a holding device for greenery

C

• 55. In floral design, baby’s breath (Gypsophila paniculata) is classified as a __________ flower.

• • a. line• b. mass• c. filler• d. form

D

• 56. What material does a designer use to temporarily anchor a frog to a container?

• • a. tape• b. pan melt glue• c. grid• d. florist clay

D

• 57. Which of the following is not a reason for wiring a flower?

• • a. Wiring adds flexibility to flower

stems.• b. Wiring allows flowers to be shaped.• c. Wiring strengthens weak stems.• d. Wiring adds a new look to the

arrangement.

A

• 58. In floral design, which of the following would be considered a line flower?

• • a. gladiolus• b. protea• c. statice• d. baby’s breath

C

• 59. What ribbon sizes are generally used to decorate potted plants?

• • a. #3 and #9• b. #9 and #27• c. #9 and #40• d. #27 and #40

B• 60. Which of the following techniques helps prevent

flowers from being crushed when being wrapped or boxed?

• • a. Arranging flowers by alternating them

from one end of the box to the other.• b. Arranging flowers so that heads are not

directly on top of other heads.• c. Arrange foliage between layers of flowers

to cushion.• d. Arranging flowers with stems in foam or

water picks.

C

• 61. Which of the following wiring methods involves the use of a small piece of moist cotton?

• • a. clutch method• b. straight-wire method• c. hairpin method• d. hook method

A• 62. Which of the following is not a

characteristic of a properly tapped flower?• • a. the calyx of the flower should not be

covered• b. tape has been stretched and pulled

the length of the wire• c. the tape should be difficult to pull off

the wire• d. None of these is correct.

C

• 63. When wrapping cut flowers for delivery, how should they be placed on the sheet of wrapping paper?

• • a. parallel to the top• b. upside down• c. pointing toward one corner• d. pointing toward the center

D

• 64. Which of the following is not a basic element of floral arranging?

• • a. scale• b. balance• c. unity• d. texture

B• 65. Which of the following is not a rule of floral

design?• • a. Do not use more than four colors.• b. Place dark colors toward the top of

the arrangement.• c. Arrangements should be 1.5 to 2

times the height or length of the container.

• d. Do not use more than three kinds of flowers.

B

• 66. Which of the following color harmonies includes the use of two or three colors near each other on the color wheel?

• • a. monochromatic• b. analogous• c. triad harmonies• d. polychromatic

A

• 67. Where can flowers be placed during a wedding ceremony in a church?

• • a. aisles, alter, unity candle, and guest book• b. alter, entryway, gift table, and unity

candle• c. candelabra, gift table, standing sprays,

and set pieces• d. set pieces, aisle runners, guest book, and

candelabra

A

• 68. Which of the following is not considered a straight-line arrangement?

• • a. Hogarth• b. triangle• c. vertical• d. inverted-T

D

• 69. What is the term used to describe a contemporary flower design when groups of flowers in contrasting colors are placed closely together in a low, flat pattern?

• • a. parallel• b. new wave• c. abstract• d. pav’e

C

• 70. Which of the following are not designs used in the ceremony of a wedding?

• • a. canopy, unity candle, aisle runner• b. unity candle, guest book, alter

flowers• c. gift table, unity candle, guest book• d. canopy, kneeling bench, candelabra

decorations

C

• 71. Because they emit __________ fresh greens used in wreath construction should not be stored in the same cooler with flowers.

• • a. ozone• b. carbon monoxide• c. ethylene• d. nitrogen

D

• 72. Which of the following is not true about the use of silk flowers in arrangments?

• • a. They must be prepared or bent into

shape.• b. Silk flowers are available throughout the

year.• c. The stems of silk flowers can be

lengthened by wiring them.• d. Silk flower stems can be easily cut with a

florist scissors.

C• 73. How is the use of dried flowers different from

the use of silk flowers in arrangements?• • a. A firmer dry foam is needed for dried

flowers because of their stems.• b. The foam does not need to be covered in

a dried flower arrangement.• c. The stems of most dried flowers cannot

be bent to a particular shape.• d. Most dried flowers are light in weight;

therefore the container should weigh less also.

C• 74. Which of the following should not be done

when handling complaints from customers?• • a. Avoid arguing with the customer.• b. Resolve the problem as positively as

possible.• c. Kindly inform the customer they are

free to take their business elsewhere.• d. If unable to resolve the complaint,

ask the manager to step in and handle it.

D• 75. Assume that the materials used to

construct a floral arrangement have a wholesale cost of $12. How much profit would a shop obtain from this arrangement if it was priced using the 3:1 ratio method?

• • a. $12• b. $18• c. $24• d. $36