floods in india-power point

8/12/2019 floods in India-power point

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Natural disaster in India

By

Aditi Tripathi


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Floods in India

Floods are the most common and wide spared of allnatural disasters. Come rainy season and we find thatmost of our rivers wreak havoc allover the country.

Hundreds of people die in these floods either due to the

capsizing of the boats or because they are swept awayby the swift currents of waters.

India is one of the highly flood prone countries in theworld. According to a report of National FloodCommission nearly four crore hectares of land isinundated in the flood causing incalculable damage tohouses, industries, properties and standing crops.


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Many of the countries of the world have beenable to control the floods and harnessed thefloodwaters into one of the sources of energy.However, in India we are still so ill equipped thata few days back 24 young students of anengineering collage of Hyderabad lost theirprecious lives in a flash flood caused in a river ofHimachal Pradesh by gross negligence. Now wecan say in hindsight that those brilliant young

boys and girls could have been saved, if theyhad been warned by sounding hooters inadvance.


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Although it is not easy to control the flooddisaster but it can certainly be minimized

by adopting the measures like; accurate

and timely information and evacuation of

the people, satellite sensing can play an

important role in controlling the flood.


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How floods are caused

Floods are caused by many reasons.Sometimes it is caused by naures's fury

and sometimes activities, mistakes and

negligence or by the combination of

natural calamities and human errors. For

example many times floods are caused by

discharge of huge volume of water in short

time.


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Reasons for huge discharge of water are

Very heavy rainfall, due to cyclone,typhoon or cloud bursts

Breach in dams

Very high tidal waves, caused by earth

quakes, which are also called tsunamis.


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How floods can be prevented

Almost all floods can certainly be prevented by adopting certain

measures like; keeping the drainage system clean, the river shouldbe allowed to flow without any obstacles or hurdles by constructingthe strong and stabled embankments on both sides of river.

The embankments should be wide enough to provide space for theflow of the water during rainy season or during flashflood, no houses

should be allowed to build or agricultural activities should be carriedout between two sides of embankments.

Rain water harvesting system should be streamlined. This will helpin the less discharge of waters in the rivers. Apart from it, desaltingof rivers should be taken up from time to time, which would help free

flow of water in the rivers. The proper inspection and care for therepair of dams and embankments must have the top priority. Weakspots must be strengthened.


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Long term strategy like forestation must beadopted. The activities of deforestation shouldbe discouraged by imposing fines and penalties.The most important impact of the deforestationis that when the water races through it, it carries

loose soil with it, which chokes the drain of theriver.

Special care should be taken to protect theareas in the lowlands. But most important ofthem all is to informed the people in lowlands asquickly as possible in advance for the protectionof the lives of people, cattle and crops.


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Additional methods for prevention

Other methods, which can be the part of the macro planning, are to

divert the water during the floods, construction of dams at strategiclocations. Raising of sea walls, levees and embankments along thecoasts.

Long term strategy for making reservoirs should also be prepared.Reservoirs, it has been seen, are more effective in many countries.

In order to improve the efficiency of the reservoirs, arrangement forinflow forecasts should be made. This policy has been adopted bythe Rajasthan Government in Gaggar basin.Kashmir governmenthas done it on the left banks of river Jhelam, Bihar at Mokama Talarea and Haryana at Kotla Lake.

Last but not least, the need is to educate the public. They should beencouraged to listen the forecast on every available mode includinglocal radio, television, and mobile sets so as to leave to the saferplaces.

floods in india-power point

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