CP Meeting 2010; 3-4 September 2010Workshop 3:

Urbanisation, migration and water security

Flood management in urban settlements

Janusz KindlerGWP Central and Eastern Europe

CWP Poland

Urban population growthbut concerning urban flood management, the decisive factor is whether urban growth takes into account FLOOD RISK in the

development process or not

Hazard – flood magnitude of a defined probability of occurence

Exposure – who and what are endangered by flood in the hazard region

Vulnerability – susceptibility of the flood hazard region to flood losses defined by its geophysical, economic and societal attributes

URBAN FLOOD RISK... the probability of a loss, and this depends on three elements:

hazard, exposure and vulnerability

Urban Flood Risk Management, APFM, 2007

APFM was the Associated Programme on Flood Management, a joint initiative of the World

Meteorological Organization and the Global Water Partnership.

Its goal was to promote the concept of Integrated Flood Management (IFM), as a

new approach to flood management.

Integrated Flood Management

The IMF concept is based on the following principles:

• Employ a basin approach; • Treat floods as part of the water cycle; • Integrate land and water management; • Adopt a mix of strategies based on risk

management approaches; • Enable cooperation between different agencies; • Ensure a participatory approach.

The influence of urbanization on different components of the water cycle

Two major concepts of urban storm drainage: Direct

runoff versus source control

Direct runoff Source control

Risk management cycle

Urban Flood Risk Management: Conceptual Framework

Large river flooding vs. Flash flooding

Reports of on flash floods experienced in the recent past, in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, and Slovenia.

Three countries (Poland, Romania and Slovakia) - pilot projects in flash flood prone small communities to develop and refine their approaches with a particular view to flash flood warning and community preparedness.

All pilot projects conducted in project consortia consisting of the National Hydrometeorological Services (NMHSs), mayors and civil defence authorities of affected municipalities, and representatives of the Global Water Partnership in the Region (GWP-CEE) and individual countries.

Guidance on Flash Flood Management Recent Experiences from Central and Eastern Europe

APFM, 2007

Poland

The pilot project was small village of Gorzanow(about 1000 inhabitants) located in the Klodzko

County, in south-western Poland

28% of the people received an official warning but most of them received it too late.

36,1

19,4

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10152025303540

too late little too late on time

pro

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Did they reach you on time?

27,8

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tak nie

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Did you received any warnings in 1997?

Local problem

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20

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Active Non active

pe

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Inhabitant's activity

Ineffective flood warning system

Spatial and quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF)

• in the spatial aspect – 4 smaller parts• in the quantitative aspect –

precipitation totals for each part

• in the time aspect – 6 hour precipitation totals

More detailed forecast for the Klodzko Valley was prepared as the input to preprocessor:

Source: L.Jelonek, T.Zawiślak,

IMWM Branch in Wrocław, 2006

Source: Global Water Partnership Poland (2006), Forward integration of flood warning in areas prone to flash floods. Country report: Poland. WMO/GWP Associated Programme on Flood Management

Local Flood Warning System

Tools for county crisis management center:Software aiding local center in assessing flood risk and possible consequences of risk Notification system mass telephone notification system to inhabitants (800 persons/hour)Educational program – cooperation with schools, gminas, journalists, NGO.

Klodzko County: floods in 1997 /1998, total losses 87/ 28 mln PLN, fatalities 13/ 8.

District of Klodzko built local flood monitoring system (40 rain and water gauges)

Cooperation with locals

• Diagnosis of local perception of flood risk (questionnaire)

• Flood hazard maps (1997)• Local warning dissemination

system based on volunteers• Elements of response plan• Educational activity –

cooperation with school, local NGO…

• ……

Planning group:residents, volunteers from fire brigades, priest, elected village representatives to local council, teachers, etc.

Work carried out:

Agreement divide responsibilities for warning residents and for flood education between county and gminas level

signed in Gorzanów April 22, 2006

Flood wardens (volunteers) network

Flood wardens tasks: Warn neighbours Update phone numbers Diseminate information

(leaflets) Advise neighbours how

to protect their property

Network will be under control of local fire brigade. Two meetings with volunteers were organized, concept of including this organisation in official flood response plane is prepared.

Local flood response plan

Evacuation point for residents (shelter) – in the school

Evacuation point for livestock and machines and cars – former national farm

Evacuation routes

System is part of the village flood response plan.

Support for inhabitantsLocal river

gauge

Map with hazard area

and evacuation

plan

Information materialF

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lood

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Flood educationSchool contest and exhibition for parents - cooperation with the school

Flood Advices in Internet - Cooperation with Friends of Gorzanów Association

Family evacuation plan contest for children and parents organizedby the local primary school

Local event St. Florian day with flood education actions

Annual event organized in cooperation with mayor of the village and firefighters

Education elements: lecture for inhabitants about flood evacuation plan, few contests for children, contest for families on „family evacuation plan”.

Racibórz Commune

Kędzierzyn-Kożle City

Kłodzko Dist.

Nowa Ruda Commune

Świdnica District

Żywiec District

Brzesko Commune

Tarnów City

Kraków City

Local Flood Warning Systems in Poland

Staszów District

Now under consideration the new WMO/GWP Associated

Programme on Drought Management

Past attempts to manage drought and its impacts through areactive, crisis management approach have been ineffective,

poorly coordinated, and untimely, as illustrated by the hydro-illogicalcycle