Flight PlanningATC Chapter 4

Aim

To introduce the principals of pre-flight planning and discuss planning considerations

Briefing Objectives1. State the required equipment for flight planning2. State the route selection criteria3. State the pre-flight briefing requirements4. State the VFR alternate requirements5. Discuss flight planning form6. Compile an accurate fuel plan

Flight PlanningPrior to going flying we must ensure we have compiled an accurate flight plan more time spent planning on the ground will mean less to do in the air

To achieve this we must firstly ensure we have the right equipment for the job, determine the route which we are to fly then obtain a pre-flight briefing and apply this information to the plan

1. Required Equipment

Navigation EquipmentThe following navigation equipment is required:

Scale RulerProtractorNavigation computerPencil – A spare pencil is highly recommendedEraserKnee board/FolderCurrent ERSACurrent maps/charts - VTC

- VNC- WAC- ERC- PCA

1. Required Equipment

2. Route SelectionRoute selection is an integral part of pre-flight preparation. Items that should be considered include:

Forecast conditions – cloud, visibility, Sig.WxPlanning requirements – VFR routes, hemispherical, visual fixesAltitude – terrain, hemispherical, forecast winds/cloudAirspace – clearances, OCTA, PRD’sDeparture/destination – Turning pointsTraffic – LOE, Training areas, glidersNav AidsPositive fixes

Pre-Flight briefingDuring the planning stage we must obtain a detailed briefing of weather and NOTAMS

This can be obtained in a number of ways:AVFAXDECTALKTelephone briefing serviceInternetRadio

Telephone and fax numbers can be found in the ERSA

3. Pre-Flight Briefing

Weather and NOTAM information must be obtained from Airservices during the pre-flight planning stage prior to departure.

3. Pre-Flight Briefing

It is highly recommended you resister for your own account. Until then the company user name is “USAFS” and password unisa12

3. Pre-Flight Briefing

Select required briefing from the menu

3. Pre-Flight Briefing

Services AvailableThe briefing information available includes:

Area Forecast (ARFOR)Terminal Area Forecast (TAF)METARSPECITrend Type Forecast (TTF)SIGMETNotice To Airmen (NOTAM)

3. Pre-Flight Briefing

Weather and NOTAMSWeather forecast and NOTAM information is required for all aerodromes/areas that you are operating in

ARFORThe Area Forecast system is designed primarily to meet the needs of pilots of general aviation. The system provides for the routine issue of forecasts for designated areas and the prompt issue of amendments when prescribed criteria are satisfied.

The ARFOR must be valid for the period of your flight

3. Pre-Flight Briefing

A TAF is a coded statement of meteorological conditions expected at an aerodrome and within a radius of five nautical miles of the aerodrome reference point

The TAF must be valid for 30mins prior to your planned ETA and 60 mins after

TAF

A METAR is a routine report of meteorological conditions at an aerodrome

METAR

A SPECI is a special report of meteorological conditions, issued when one or more elements meet specified criteria significant to aviation. SPECI is also used to identify reports of observations recorded ten minutes following an improvement (in visibility, weather or cloud) to above SPECI conditions

SPECI

3. Pre-Flight Briefing

Weather and NOTAMS

The trend forecast is an aerodrome weather report (METAR or SPECI) to which a statement of trend, for the elements wind, visibility, weather and clouds, is appended, forecasting the weather conditions expected to affect the aerodrome for the validity period of the TTF which is normally the three hours following the time of the report.

The TTF supersedes the Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) for its validity period.

For aerodromes where the TTF service is not a 24 hour service, a statement in the remarks section during the last three hours of the service will indicate when the TAF supersedes the TTF, e.g. USE TAF FOR ARRIVALS AFTER 0800Z.

TTF

3. Pre-Flight Briefing

Weather and NOTAMS

A SIGMET is a warning issued to provide urgent advice to aircraft of the actual or expected occurrence, in areas over which meteorological watch is being maintained, of weather phenomena that are potentially hazardous.

SIGMET

Contains information concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility service, procedure or hazard

NOTAM

Ensure you are familiar with decoding forecasts. The BOM Knowledge centre is an excellent resources if you need extra study material

3. Pre-Flight Briefing

Weather and NOTAMS

VFR Alternate RequirementsPart of the pre-flight planning process is to assess the weather and decide if it is suitable to fly in

There are some situations where it is perfectly legal for us to go flying (VMC exist), however, we must consider the possibility that we may not be able to land at our destination

For these situations we must provide a means of safely getting back on the ground

Our options are to either hold and wait for the weather to improve or to divert to a more suitable aerodrome

4. Alternate Requirements

VFR Alternate RequirementsYou must provide provision for an alternate if any of the following conditions are forecast within 30mins of your ETA:

• More than 4/8ths below 1500’AGL• Visibility less than 8km• Crosswind greater than the aircrafts maximum

If an alternate is required the alternate aerodrome must not require an alternate itself

4. Alternate Requirements

VFR Alternate RequirementsIf conditions are forecast to improve or are only intermittently (INTER or TEMPO) below the alternate minima then we can elect to carry holding fuel instead of providing an alternate

Holding fuel must be sufficient to allow holding until 30mins after the forecast improvement time

Or in the case of INTER/TEPO:INTER – 30minsTEMPO – 60mins

4. Alternate Requirements

VFR Alternate RequirementsA 30min buffer must be applied to forecast conditions exceeding alternate minima

Eg, TAF YPPF 220459Z 2206/2218 23010KT 9999 LIGHT SHOWERS OF RAIN SCT020 BKN030 FM221400 16010KT 9999 LIGHT SHOWERS OF RAIN SCT020 BKN030 INTER 2207/2215 5000 SHOWERS OF RAIN BKN015 BKN020

We must consider an alternate (or holding) from 0630 till 1530

Note: Buffers are NOT REQUIRED for a TTF

4. Alternate Requirements

VFR Alternate RequirementsHolding fuel may also be specified for an aerodrome for operational reasons

Eg, 30mins traffic holding required for all arrivals

Consult ERSA and NOTAMS for any requirements

4. Alternate Requirements

5. Flight planning Form

Once we have determined the route to fly and the weather conditions we expect we need to start compiling a navigation plan

Navigation Plan

Name: ________________ A/C: ___________ Date:___/___/___ Phase:_________

DEP PT/ETD ROUTE SEGMENT

LANDING PT LSALT

FL or

ALT TAS

TR MAG

WIND HDG MAG

G/S DIST ETI PLN EST

REV EST

ATD ATA

PILOT NOTES

BNE BRIEFING– 07 3866 3517 DECTALK (ML)–1800 034 545 AVFAX–1800 804 166 PF TWR-8258 1745 CENSAR–1800 814 931 DECTALK (BN)–1800 077 276 UNI OPS – (08) 8302 1951 AD AIR SPACE-8238 7992

CLEAROFS

DEP PT/ROUTE SEGMENT – Details of the route to be flown

Navigation Plan

Name: ________________ A/C: ___________ Date:___/___/___ Phase:_________

DEP PT/ETD ROUTE SEGMENT

LANDING PT LSALT

FL or

ALT TAS

TR MAG

WIND HDG MAG

G/S DIST ETI PLN EST

REV EST

ATD ATA

PILOT NOTES

BNE BRIEFING– 07 3866 3517 DECTALK (ML)–1800 034 545 AVFAX–1800 804 166 PF TWR-8258 1745 CENSAR–1800 814 931 DECTALK (BN)–1800 077 276 UNI OPS – (08) 8302 1951 AD AIR SPACE-8238 7992

CLEAROFS

5. Flight planning Form

LSALT – Lowest Safe Altitude – Not required for day VFR flight, however, it is required you remain 500’ above the highest obstacle on the route segment

Navigation Plan

Name: ________________ A/C: ___________ Date:___/___/___ Phase:_________

DEP PT/ETD ROUTE SEGMENT

LANDING PT LSALT

FL or

ALT TAS

TR MAG

WIND HDG MAG

G/S DIST ETI PLN EST

REV EST

ATD ATA

PILOT NOTES

BNE BRIEFING– 07 3866 3517 DECTALK (ML)–1800 034 545 AVFAX–1800 804 166 PF TWR-8258 1745 CENSAR–1800 814 931 DECTALK (BN)–1800 077 276 UNI OPS – (08) 8302 1951 AD AIR SPACE-8238 7992

CLEAROFS

5. Flight planning Form

Navigation Plan

Name: ________________ A/C: ___________ Date:___/___/___ Phase:_________

DEP PT/ETD ROUTE SEGMENT

LANDING PT LSALT

FL or

ALT TAS

TR MAG

WIND HDG MAG

G/S DIST ETI PLN EST

REV EST

ATD ATA

PILOT NOTES

BNE BRIEFING– 07 3866 3517 DECTALK (ML)–1800 034 545 AVFAX–1800 804 166 PF TWR-8258 1745 CENSAR–1800 814 931 DECTALK (BN)–1800 077 276 UNI OPS – (08) 8302 1951 AD AIR SPACE-8238 7992

CLEAROFS

FL/ALT – Altitude you intend to fly. When flying VFR we should always aim to fly at a hemispherical level. When flying West we should fly Evens +500.When flying East we should fly Odds +500.

5. Flight planning Form

Navigation Plan

Name: ________________ A/C: ___________ Date:___/___/___ Phase:_________

DEP PT/ETD ROUTE SEGMENT

LANDING PT LSALT

FL or

ALT TAS

TR MAG

WIND HDG MAG

G/S DIST ETI PLN EST

REV EST

ATD ATA

PILOT NOTES

BNE BRIEFING– 07 3866 3517 DECTALK (ML)–1800 034 545 AVFAX–1800 804 166 PF TWR-8258 1745 CENSAR–1800 814 931 DECTALK (BN)–1800 077 276 UNI OPS – (08) 8302 1951 AD AIR SPACE-8238 7992

CLEAROFS

TAS – True AirSpeed – Obtained through performance charts

5. Flight planning Form

Navigation Plan

Name: ________________ A/C: ___________ Date:___/___/___ Phase:_________

DEP PT/ETD ROUTE SEGMENT

LANDING PT LSALT

FL or

ALT TAS

TR MAG

WIND HDG MAG

G/S DIST ETI PLN EST

REV EST

ATD ATA

PILOT NOTES

BNE BRIEFING– 07 3866 3517 DECTALK (ML)–1800 034 545 AVFAX–1800 804 166 PF TWR-8258 1745 CENSAR–1800 814 931 DECTALK (BN)–1800 077 276 UNI OPS – (08) 8302 1951 AD AIR SPACE-8238 7992

CLEAROFS

TR MAG – Track Magnetic – When measuring tracks ensure you take magnetic variation into account

5. Flight planning Form

Navigation Plan

Name: ________________ A/C: ___________ Date:___/___/___ Phase:_________

DEP PT/ETD ROUTE SEGMENT

LANDING PT LSALT

FL or

ALT TAS

TR MAG

WIND HDG MAG

G/S DIST ETI PLN EST

REV EST

ATD ATA

PILOT NOTES

BNE BRIEFING– 07 3866 3517 DECTALK (ML)–1800 034 545 AVFAX–1800 804 166 PF TWR-8258 1745 CENSAR–1800 814 931 DECTALK (BN)–1800 077 276 UNI OPS – (08) 8302 1951 AD AIR SPACE-8238 7992

CLEAROFS

Wind – Insert the wind you expect to encounter along the route segment – Remember that winds given in an ARFOR are in degrees True

5. Flight planning Form

Navigation Plan

Name: ________________ A/C: ___________ Date:___/___/___ Phase:_________

DEP PT/ETD ROUTE SEGMENT

LANDING PT LSALT

FL or

ALT TAS

TR MAG

WIND HDG MAG

G/S DIST ETI PLN EST

REV EST

ATD ATA

PILOT NOTES

BNE BRIEFING– 07 3866 3517 DECTALK (ML)–1800 034 545 AVFAX–1800 804 166 PF TWR-8258 1745 CENSAR–1800 814 931 DECTALK (BN)–1800 077 276 UNI OPS – (08) 8302 1951 AD AIR SPACE-8238 7992

CLEAROFS

HDG MAG – Heading magnetic – This is your measured track with a wind drift allowance applied

5. Flight planning Form

Navigation Plan

Name: ________________ A/C: ___________ Date:___/___/___ Phase:_________

DEP PT/ETD ROUTE SEGMENT

LANDING PT LSALT

FL or

ALT TAS

TR MAG

WIND HDG MAG

G/S DIST ETI PLN EST

REV EST

ATD ATA

PILOT NOTES

BNE BRIEFING– 07 3866 3517 DECTALK (ML)–1800 034 545 AVFAX–1800 804 166 PF TWR-8258 1745 CENSAR–1800 814 931 DECTALK (BN)–1800 077 276 UNI OPS – (08) 8302 1951 AD AIR SPACE-8238 7992

CLEAROFS

G/S – Groundspeed – This is your planned TAS with any headwind or tailwind component of the wind applied

5. Flight planning Form

Navigation Plan

Name: ________________ A/C: ___________ Date:___/___/___ Phase:_________

DEP PT/ETD ROUTE SEGMENT

LANDING PT LSALT

FL or

ALT TAS

TR MAG

WIND HDG MAG

G/S DIST ETI PLN EST

REV EST

ATD ATA

PILOT NOTES

BNE BRIEFING– 07 3866 3517 DECTALK (ML)–1800 034 545 AVFAX–1800 804 166 PF TWR-8258 1745 CENSAR–1800 814 931 DECTALK (BN)–1800 077 276 UNI OPS – (08) 8302 1951 AD AIR SPACE-8238 7992

CLEAROFS

DIST – Distance of the route segment in nautical miles

5. Flight planning Form

Navigation Plan

Name: ________________ A/C: ___________ Date:___/___/___ Phase:_________

DEP PT/ETD ROUTE SEGMENT

LANDING PT LSALT

FL or

ALT TAS

TR MAG

WIND HDG MAG

G/S DIST ETI PLN EST

REV EST

ATD ATA

PILOT NOTES

BNE BRIEFING– 07 3866 3517 DECTALK (ML)–1800 034 545 AVFAX–1800 804 166 PF TWR-8258 1745 CENSAR–1800 814 931 DECTALK (BN)–1800 077 276 UNI OPS – (08) 8302 1951 AD AIR SPACE-8238 7992

CLEAROFS

ETI – Estimated Time Interval – How long it is going to take you to fly the route segment in minutes

5. Flight planning Form

Navigation Plan

Name: ________________ A/C: ___________ Date:___/___/___ Phase:_________

DEP PT/ETD ROUTE SEGMENT

LANDING PT LSALT

FL or

ALT TAS

TR MAG

WIND HDG MAG

G/S DIST ETI PLN EST

REV EST

ATD ATA

PILOT NOTES

BNE BRIEFING– 07 3866 3517 DECTALK (ML)–1800 034 545 AVFAX–1800 804 166 PF TWR-8258 1745 CENSAR–1800 814 931 DECTALK (BN)–1800 077 276 UNI OPS – (08) 8302 1951 AD AIR SPACE-8238 7992

CLEAROFS

The last 3 boxes are for in-flight calculations of planned estimate, revised estimate and actual time of departure

5. Flight planning Form

Fuel Planning - RequirementsCAR 220 and 234 detail the requirement for the pilot in command of every flight to ensure sufficient fuel is carried

CAAP 234-1 gives recommendations as to how to achieve this

6. Fuel Planning

Fuel Planning - DefinitionsFlight Fuel – Fuel required for the flight from the departure to the destination then to a suitable alternate (if required)

Fixed Reserve – Sufficient fuel for 45mins flight. Emergency use only.

Variable Reserve – Safety margin for unpredictable in flight conditions. Usually 15% of the flight fuel

Note: Variable reserve is only required for charter/RPT flights unless specified in company policy

Holding Fuel – Fuel required to hold (if required)

Miscellaneous Allowances – Start up and taxi fuel etc.

6. Fuel Planning

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise Alternate SUB TOTAL Var. Reserve Fixed Reserve TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding Taxi Fuel Required Margin ENDURANCE FROM

The fuel plan is used to pre-plan fuel requirements for the flight

Note: Due to the critical nature of the fuel plan, always round up

6. Fuel Planning

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise 121 Alternate SUB TOTAL Var. Reserve Fixed Reserve TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding Taxi Fuel Required Margin ENDURANCE FROM

1. Fill in cruise time from flight plan (121mins for this example)

YPPF

6. Fuel Planning

1. Fill in cruise time from flight plan (121mins for this example)2. Determine cruise fuel required, remember when fuel planning we plan to burn 35

litres per hour for the C172SP

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise 121 71 Alternate SUB TOTAL Var. Reserve Fixed Reserve TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding Taxi Fuel Required Margin ENDURANCE FROM

YPPF

6. Fuel Planning

1. Fill in cruise time from flight plan (121mins for this example)2. Determine cruise fuel required, we can determine the fuel flow using performance

data in the POH – 35lph has been used in this example3. Fill in any alternate fuel if required

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise 121 71 Alternate - - SUB TOTAL Var. Reserve Fixed Reserve TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding Taxi Fuel Required Margin ENDURANCE FROM

YPPF

6. Fuel Planning

1. Fill in cruise time from flight plan (121mins for this example)2. Determine cruise fuel required, we can determine the fuel flow using performance

data in the POH – 35lph has been used in this example3. Fill in any alternate fuel if required4. Sub total = Cruise + Alternate

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise 121 71 Alternate - - SUB TOTAL 121 71 Var. Reserve Fixed Reserve TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding Taxi Fuel Required Margin ENDURANCE FROM

YPPF

6. Fuel Planning

1. Fill in cruise time from flight plan (121mins for this example)2. Determine cruise fuel required, we can determine the fuel flow using performance

data in the POH – 35lph has been used in this example3. Fill in any alternate fuel if required4. Sub total = Cruise + Alternate5. As per our ops manual we must carry 15% variable reserve.

Note: This is not a legal requirement as we are an air work operation

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise 121 71 Alternate - - SUB TOTAL 121 71 Var. Reserve 19 11 Fixed Reserve TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding Taxi Fuel Required Margin ENDURANCE FROM

YPPF

6. Fuel Planning

6. Fixed reserve is required for all operations

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise 121 71 Alternate - - SUB TOTAL 121 71 Var. Reserve 19 11 Fixed Reserve 45 27 TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding Taxi Fuel Required Margin ENDURANCE FROM

YPPF

6. Fuel Planning

6. Fixed reserve is required for all operations7. Holding fuel should not be required for the first nav

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise 121 71 Alternate - - SUB TOTAL 121 71 Var. Reserve 19 11 Fixed Reserve 45 27 TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding - - Taxi Fuel Required Margin ENDURANCE FROM

YPPF

6. Fuel Planning

6. Fixed reserve is required for all operations7. Holding fuel should not be required for the first nav8. The ops manual states to plan 5 Litres for taxi fuel

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise 121 71 Alternate - - SUB TOTAL 121 71 Var. Reserve 19 11 Fixed Reserve 45 27 TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding - - Taxi 5 Fuel Required Margin ENDURANCE FROM

YPPF

6. Fuel Planning

6. Fixed reserve is required for all operations7. Holding fuel should not be required for the first nav8. The ops manual states to plan 5 Litres for taxi fuel 9. Work out the total fuel required

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise 121 71 Alternate - - SUB TOTAL 121 71 Var. Reserve 19 11 Fixed Reserve 45 27 TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding - - Taxi 5 Fuel Required 185 114 Margin ENDURANCE FROM

YPPF

6. Fuel Planning

6. Fixed reserve is required for all operations7. Holding fuel should not be required for the first nav8. The ops manual states to plan 5 Litres for taxi fuel 9. Work out the total fuel required10. Enter the Useable fuel on board at start up

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise 121 71 Alternate - - SUB TOTAL 121 71 Var. Reserve 19 11 Fixed Reserve 45 27 TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding - - Taxi 5 Fuel Required 185 114 Margin ENDURANCE 201 FROM

YPPF

6. Fuel Planning

6. Fixed reserve is required for all operations7. Holding fuel should not be required for the first nav8. The ops manual states to plan 5 Litres for taxi fuel 9. Work out the total fuel required10. Enter the Useable fuel on board at start up11. The margin is the difference between Endurance and fuel required

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise 121 71 Alternate - - SUB TOTAL 121 71 Var. Reserve 19 11 Fixed Reserve 45 27 TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding - - Taxi 5 Fuel Required 185 114 Margin 87 ENDURANCE 201 FROM

YPPF

6. Fuel Planning

6. Fixed reserve is required for all operations7. Holding fuel should not be required for the first nav8. The ops manual states to plan 5 Litres for taxi fuel 9. Work out the total fuel required10. Enter the Useable fuel on board at start up11. The margin is the difference between Endurance and fuel required12. Determine margin endurance at a fuel burn of 35 litres per hour

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise 121 71 Alternate - - SUB TOTAL 121 71 Var. Reserve 19 11 Fixed Reserve 45 27 TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding - - Taxi 5 Fuel Required 185 114 Margin 149 87 ENDURANCE 201 FROM

YPPF

6. Fuel Planning

13. Add fuel required time and margin time to determine total endurance

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise 121 71 Alternate - - SUB TOTAL 121 71 Var. Reserve 19 11 Fixed Reserve 45 27 TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding - - Taxi 5 Fuel Required 185 114 Margin 149 87 ENDURANCE 334 201 FROM

YPPF

6. Fuel Planning

1. Stage 1 should be planned as normal2. Stage 2 planning is the same until we work out the margin and endurance (Lets

assume a flight time of 90mins)3. To calculate the endurance (FoB) for the second stage we must calculate the planned

fuel burn for the first stageFoB 2 = FoB 1 – Flight Fuel – Alternate Fuel – Variable Reserve – Holding – TaxiFoB 2 = 201 – 71 – 11 – 5 = 114

Note: We assume all reserves and holding are used with the exception of the fixed reserve

SARTIME

LAST LIGHT TIME EET LFT RT TTL

FUEL MIN L MIN L MIN L MIN L Cruise 121 71 Alternate - - SUB TOTAL 121 71 Var. Reserve 19 11 Fixed Reserve 45 27 TRK

ALT XPDR REQ

Holding - - Taxi 5 Fuel Required 185 114 Margin 149 87 ENDURANCE 334 201 FROM

Fuel Planning – Multiple Stage Planning

YPPF YWHA

90 53- -

90 5314 845 27- -

5149 9336 21

185 114

6. Fuel Planning

It is possible to recalculate the variable reserve in flight

To do this we must be over a positive fix and know the current FoB

Once we know this we can calculate how much flight fuel we require for the remaining flight and base our new variable reserve on this

This technique is often used by airlines to depart with minimum fuel

For example, flight is planned from Perth to MelbourneThis flight can be initially planned with enough fuel to reach Adelaide then once airborne the reserves can be re-calculated to free up enough fuel to reach Melbourne

Fuel Planning – Recalculating Reserves

6. Fuel Planning

The re-Calculating method is as follows:

We are over a positive fix with 150ltrs on board in a C172SP. Determine the flight fuel available for the remainder of the flight.

FoB = 150ltrsFixed Reserve = 27ltrs

Flight Fuel + 15% Var.Res = 150 – 27 = 123ltrs

Flight Fuel = 123 ÷ 1.15 = 107ltrs

Fuel Planning – Recalculating Reserves

6. Fuel Planning

Questions?