[email protected] unb - iv seminário dpp de pesquisa e inovação

Software Architecture: Past, Present, and Future of the

ArchWare European Project

Flavio Oquendo

[email protected]

UnB - IV Seminário DPP de Pesquisa e InovaçãoBrasília, 6 de outubro 2010

2

About me

Vannes

European Univ. of Brittany

France

Paris

http://www.ueb.euhttp://www.univ-ubs.fr

Full Professor of Computer Science at the University of South Brittany,part of the European University of Brittany, France

72,000 students 3,000 PhD students 3,600 PhD academics

Flavio Oquendo, Université Européenne de Bretagne, France

3Flavio Oquendo, Université Européenne de Bretagne, France

About me

About me on European Projects

25 years of active participation in more than 10 European R&D Projects, funded by the European Commission, under Frameworks Programs I to VII: ALICE, PCTE, PCTE+, PACT, ALF, SCALE, PROMOTER

I, PROMOTER II, PIE I, PIE II, ARCHWARE, S-CUBE Scientific Director of European R&D Projects

for more than 10 yearsExpert for the European Commission for

Evaluating R&D Projects in different Framework Programs


Outline

The Past Before ArchWare – Some European Projects in

Software Engineering

The Present ArchWare and its Research Achievements

The Future After ArchWare – Sustainable Development and

Applications


The Past

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Before ArchWare – Some European Projects in Software Engineering



PCTE (A Basis for a Portable Common Tool Environment) BULL (France), GEC Software (UK), ICL (UK),

NIXDORF (Germany), OLIVETTI (Italy), SIEMENS (Germany)

PCTE+ (Portable Common Tool Environment: Tool Support Interface) BULL (France), GIE Emeraude (France),

Industrieanlagen Betriebsgesellschaft (Germany), SELENIA (Italy), Software Sciences Limited (UK), THOMSON-SYSECA (France), Univ. of Aberystwyth (UK), Univ. de Nancy (France)



PACT (PCTE Added Common Tools BULL (France), EUROSOFT (France), GEC Software

(UK), ICL (UK), OLIVETTI (Italy), SIEMENS (Germany), THOMSON-SYSECA (France), Systems and Management (Italy)

ALF (Advanced Software Engineering Environment Logistics Framework) GIE Emeraude (France), Cerilor (France), CIG-

INTERSYS (Belgium), Computer Technologies Co. (Greece), Grupo de Mecánica del Vuelo, S.A. (Spain), ICL (UK), Univ. Catholique de Louvain (Belgium), Univ. de Dijon (France), Univ. of Dortmund (Germany), Univ. de Nancy (France)



SCALE (System Composition and Large Grain Component Reuse Support INTECS (Italy), BULL (France), GIE Emeraude

(France), INRIA (France), Logica Cambridge (UK), SFGL/TRANSTAR (France), Univ. Grenoble (France)

PROMOTER I (Process Modelling and Technology – I) Univ. de Nancy (France), Univ. de Grenoble

(France), Imperial College (UK), Univ. of Pisa (Italy), Univ. of Manchester (UK), Univ. of Dortmund (Germany), Univ. of Leiden (The Netherlands), Politecnico di Milano (Italy), Politecnico di Torino (Italy), Technical Univ. of Norway, Norway



PROMOTER II (Basic Research Action on Process Modelling and Technology – II) University of Nancy-LORIA (France), IMAG-LSR

(France), Imperial College (UK), University of Pisa (Italy), University of Manchester (UK), University of Dortmund-Informatik 10 (Germany), University of Leiden (The Netherlands), University of Paderborn (Germany), Université de Savoie (France), London City University (UK), Politecnico di Milano (Italy), Politecnico di Torino (Italy), Technical University of Norway (Norway), Technical University of Vienna (Austria)



PIE (Process Instance Evolution) Cap Gemini (France), Xerox European Research

Centre (France), Dassault Systèmes (France), ICL (UK), IMAG-LSR (France), University of Manchester (UK), University of Dortmund (Germany), Université de Savoie (France), Politecnico de Milano (Italy), Teamware (UK)

ARCHWARE (Architecting Evolvable Software) INRIA (France), Thesame (France), InterUnec

(France), CPR – Consorzio Pisa Ricerche (Italy), Engineering – Ingegneria Informatica (Italy), Univ. of Manchester (UK), Univ. of St. Andrews (UK)


The Present

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ArchWare and its Research Achievements



ArchWare: Introducing the Concept of Software Architecture

Analogy with Architecture in Civil Engineering

ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS: ARCHITECTURE HAS A CENTRAL ROLE FOR SATISFYING REQUIREMENTS The architecture is conceived for meeting

requirements The architecture is designed to meet functional

requirements … as well as non-functional requirements (-ilities)

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architecture• noun 1 the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings 2 the style in which a building is designed and constructed 3 the complex structure of something— DERIVATIVES architectural adjective[Oxford English Dictionary]

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Analogous to Architecture in Civil Engineering

ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS: ARCHITECTURE HAS A CENTRAL ROLE FOR SATISFYING REQUIREMENTS The architecture is conceived for meeting

requirements The architecture is designed to meet functional

requirements … as well as non-functional requirements (-ilities)

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Software

software

software


ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS: ARCHITECTURE HAS A CENTRAL ROLE FOR MASTERING CONSTRUCTION The architecture is refined towards detailed design The building is constructed based on the

architecture and their refinements There are different possible constructions for coping

with the same architecture

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ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS: ARCHITECTURE HAS A CENTRAL ROLE FOR MASTERING CONSTRUCTION The architecture is refined towards detailed design The building is constructed based on the

architecture and their refinements There are different possible constructions for coping

with the same architecture

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hat

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rchit

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Software

software

software

software


ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS: ARCHITECTURE HAS A CENTRAL ROLE FOR MASTERING DESIGN Architectures are often based on well-defined styles Architectural styles enforce main architectural

properties and imply common features Design is based on well-defined patterns

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ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS: ARCHITECTURE HAS A CENTRAL ROLE FOR MASTERING DESIGN Architectures are often based on well-defined styles Architectural styles enforce main architectural

properties and imply common features Design is based on well-defined patterns

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Software

softwaresoftware

software


ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS: STRUCTURE IS A CENTRAL FOCUS OF ARCHITECTURE Structure is a central mechanism for providing

functionality Properties of structures are implied by the designed

architecture Structure is thereby a main concern

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ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS: STRUCTURE IS A CENTRAL FOCUS OF ARCHITECTURE Structure is a central mechanism for providing

functionality Properties of structures are implied by the designed

architecture Structure is thereby a main concern

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Software

software

software

software


Progress on technology New materials New tools

Progress on the ability to model architectures Analytic power of theories Power of automated analysis


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ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS: PROGRESS ON UNDERLYING THEORIES AND TECHNOLOGIES

architecture• others[Architecture Handbook]


Progress on technology New materials New tools

Progress on the ability to model architectures Analytic power of theories Power of automated analysis


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ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS: PROGRESS ON UNDERLYING THEORIES AND TECHNOLOGIES


hardware

Software

software


Every building has an architecture even if not explicitly designed

An architecture is an abstract concept It is described according to different viewpoints It is described for meeting different purposes

Architecture description is thereby the main concern from an engineering viewpoint

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ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS: IT EXISTS BY ITSELF, BUT NEEDS TO BE REPRESENTED TO BE MANIPULATED


Every building has an architecture even if not explicitly designed

An architecture is an abstract concept It is described according to different viewpoints It is described for meeting different purposes

Architecture description is thereby the main concern from an engineering viewpoint

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ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS: IT EXISTS BY ITSELF, BUT NEEDS TO BE REPRESENTED TO BE MANIPULATED

software

software

Software


The need for describing the architecture increases with the complexity of the system in terms of its parts, their relationships and the properties to be enforced

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TechnologiesStyles


The need for describing the architecture increases with the complexity of the system in terms of its parts, their relationships and the properties to be enforced

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TechnologiesStyles

Software

Limitations of the Analogy with Architecture in Civil Engineering


CIVIL ARCHITECTURE Buildings are basically static entities

Constructed with hard material

That when constructed are put to use (deployed once)

And then evolves very, very little in its lifetime

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Limitations of the Analogy: The Meaning of Architecture in Civil Engineering is Too Narrow


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Software is by nature different of buildings –

it is dynamic and malleable

Software architecture goes much beyond

architecture in dynamicity and

evolution

Limitations of the Analogy with Architecture in Civil Engineering


CIVIL ARCHITECTURE Buildings are basically static entities

Constructed with hard material

That when constructed are put to use (deployed once)

And then evolves very, very little in its lifetime

SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE Software are basically dynamic entities

Constructed with soft material

That when constructed is put to use (deployed many times)

And then evolves very, very much in its lifetime

Software

Software

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Architecture in Software Engineering

Software architecture can be defined as : The fundamental

conception of a system in its environment embodied in elements, their relationships to each other and to the environment, and principles guiding system design and evolution [IEEE Std 1471-2000, ISO/IEC 42010:2007/2009]


ArchitectureDescription

Architecture

described by

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Software architecture is at the core of software

engineering

Architecture pervades from requirements to

code and supports evolution of software

Limitations of the Analogy: The Meaning of Architecture in Civil Engineering is Too Narrow

Architecture-Driven Software Engineering:Architecture in Design Activity

Architectural Design abstract architecture

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Requirements Code

Design

Software Architecture

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CodeRequirementsSoftware

Architecture

Architecture-Driven Software Engineering:Architecture in Development Activity

From Architectural Design to Detailed Design architectural refinements







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Architecture-Driven Software Engineering:Architecture in Design Activity

Detailed Design concrete architecture

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Requirements Code

Design


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Architecture-Driven Software Engineering:Architecture in Run-time Activity

Architecture at run-time Architecture description provides

concrete models for reasoning about and evolving software systems under execution

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Requirements

Execution

Refinement/Abstraction


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Requirements Code

Refinement



Architecture-Driven Software Engineering:Architecting Everywhere

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Requirements

Execution

Refinement/Abstraction

Architecture

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Requirements Code

Refinement

Architecture


DescribingArchitectures

AnalyzingArchitectures Refining

Architectures

DefiningArchitectural Styles

Reusing andGeneratingCode

AdaptingArchitectures

EvolvingArchitectures


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Architecture-Based Civil EngineeringDriven Software

Software architecture must driven initial development and subsequent evolutions

– description, analysis and refinement are in the heart of architecture-driven

software engineering


ArchWare: The Approach and Deliverables

ArchitectingEvolvable

Software

ArchWare: Architecting Evolvable

Software

France, Italy, UK

Outline

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Goal of the ArchWare Project ArchWare Languages and Tools Architecture-centric Software Engineering

with ArchWare Wrap Up

Goal of the ArchWare Project

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The broad scope of ArchWare is to respond to the ever-present demand for software systems that are capable of accommodating change over their lifetime, and therefore are evolvable

In order to achieve this goal, ArchWare develops an integrated set of architecture-centric languages and tools for the model-driven engineering of evolvable software systems based on a persistent run-time framework

ArchWare Languages

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Architecture AnalysisArchWare AAL

Architecture-centric EvolutionArchWare Hyper-ADL

Architecture Refinementand Code GenerationArchWare ARL

Architecture DescriptionArchWare ADL

Requirements

ArchWare Hyper-ADL (Hyper-coded ADL): Aims to support architecture-centric evolution through structural

reflection Structural reflection is defined as the ability of a running

specification to generate new specification fragments and to integrate these into its own execution

It supports introspection of existing specifications and mixing of existing and new specification fragments on the fly

ArchWare ADL: Aims to describe dynamic and evolvable architectures It is a formal language based on the higher-order typed p-calculus It reconciles structure and behaviour in a Turing-complete ADL

ArchWare ARL: Aims to support the stepwise refinement of an abstract

architecture into a (relatively correct) concrete architecture that is intended to implement it

Code is generated from concrete architectures It is a formal language (integrated with ArchWare ADL) based on

a rewriting logic Rewritings are enforced to be refinements if preconditions of

refinement actions are satisfied and proof obligations discarded

ArchWare AAL: Aims to specify architectural properties that can be verified

throughout the software process It is a formal language (integrated with ArchWare ADL) based on

the modal m-calculus and the predicate calculus It provides a property specification language It supports for automated verification of property satisfaction by

theorem proving and model checking

ArchWare Tools

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Requirements

Architecture DescriptionUML-to-ADL ToolADL Compiler and VMADL Graphical Animator

Architecture AnalysisAAL Model CheckerAAL Model Prover

Runtime Architecture-centric EvolutionHyper-coded ADLFeedback (Probes-Gauges)

Architecture Refinementand Code GenerationARL Refinement EngineADL-to-Java Generator

Architecture-centric Software Engineering with ArchWare

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refinement of

Application Engineer

Refine

Architecture

Abstract Architecture

of a Data Acquisition

System (DAS)

Architecture Description

Architecture Analysis

Architecture Analyst

CompliantApplication

generation from/reuse

Application Architect

Define Architecture

instance of

Architecture Style Description

ClientServer Style

Analysis of correctness properties

DAS Architecture

in the ClientServer

Style

DAS Architecture in the EJB

Style DAS Code with EJB

Concrete Architecture of the Data Acquisition

System coping with

J2EE

architecture DAS in style ClientServer isabstraction() { component sensor in style Client is … component dataManager in style Server is … connector link in style Link is ……}

analysis allConnected is property {to DAS.instances apply forall {cs | to (to cs.components.ports apply union (cs.connectors.ports)) apply forall {p | to p.unifications apply

size>0}}

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Simulate the behaviour

and analyze the properties

Architecture-centric Software Engineering with ArchWare

Refine the architecture

and generate the code

Running software

Manage the execution

and evolution

?

Descriptions conformity

Abstract architecture description

Concrete architecture description

Executable code

decomposition

refinement 1

Preservation of properties

refinement 2

refinement 3

implementation

...

Componentsbases

Architectural stylesbases

...

Describe the software

architecturecompose Simple {C:Client ||L:Link ||S:Server

whereattach C@p@request to L@c@cReply,attach C@p@reply to L@c@cRequest,attach S@p@reply to L@s@sRequest,attach S@p@request to L@s@sReply

}

Description conformity

Abstract architecture description

Concrete architecture description

Executable code

decomposition refinement 1

Property preservation

refinement 2

refinement 3

implementation

...

Component& connectorabstractions

Architectural styles

...?

architecture CS is abstraction() { …

behaviour is compose {

replicate client is ClientDef()

and link is LinkDef()

and server is ServerDef()

} where { client::outgoing unifies link::incoming

and link::outgoing unifies server::incoming

}

}

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Active Architectures in ArchWare ADL

Evolve

DecomposeCompose

clientserver

state

Dynamic Architectu

re

StaticArchitectu

re

StaticArchitectu

re

Dynamic Architectu

re

Other Approache

s

Component

Connector Approach

Other Approache

s

Component

Connector Approach

Formal Semi-Formal

Language/

Method

Positioning ADL w.r.t. Other Approaches

Wright,Padl,Darwin/FSP

ArchWare (not only dynamic but also evolvable)Dyn-Wright

Acme, Aesop

Darwin, Rapide,Dyn-Acme,Plastik+Acme/Armani

B, Z,VDM

UML/UP

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Business Cases ofArchWare

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Business cases at Thésame (France) aims to architecting, developing, and evolving integrated business process systems

Business cases at Engineering Informatica (Italy) aims to architecting, developing, and evolving federated knowledge management systems

CriticalSystems

LargeSystems

Achievements as Open Source Software

All ArchWare language definitions are open and free, a.k.a. p-ADL, p-AAL, and p-ARL

All tools are partially or fully available as Open Source Software as part of the ArchWare IDEArchWare OSS: Open Source Software

ArchWare was partially funded by the European CommissionContract No. 200132360 in the R&D Framework

Program 50

Key Research Questions that were addressed by ArchWare

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What are the suitable features for: modelling dynamic architecturessupporting architecture-centric evolution at design

and run-time What are the suitable features for:

(active) model-driven engineeringapplication generation

What the trade-offs in supporting an architecture-centric formal approach: formal description, analysis, refinement

The Future

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After ArchWare – Sustainable Development and Applications


Applications of ArchWare in Practice

p-ADL and associated technologies have been applied in several realistic case studies and pilot projects China France Italy Switzerland UK ...


CriticalSystems

LargeSystems

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Applications of ArchWare in Practice


CriticalSystems

LargeSystems

p-ADL and associated technologies have been applied in the following application domains: Business process management Service-oriented architectures Enterprise application integration Grid computing Distributed Control systems Sensor-actuator networks Distributed simulation Mobile agents Robotics Software systems targeting J2EE platforms

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Applications of ArchWare in Practice:Knowledge Management Systems (Italy)


CriticalSystems

LargeSystems

Who: Engineering Informatica (Roma, Italy) Large Software House

What: Development of federated knowledge management systems

How: A new specific architecture style was developed with p-

ADL and p-AAL▪ Dynamic software architecture▪ J2EE as target platform

After refinement, the application is generated▪ A new architecture is defined and an application generated for

each new customer▪ The architecture evolves according to the federation of KMS

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Applications of ArchWare in Practice:Business Process Management (France)


CriticalSystems

LargeSystems

Who: Thésame Inc. (Annecy, France) SME specialized in technology transfer

What: Development of an integrated business process system for supply-chain management

How: The software architecture was described with p-ADL and

analysed with p-AAL▪ Dynamic software architecture▪ Service-oriented architecture

After refinement, the application was generated▪ Orchestrations in the XML-based Agilium process language▪ Service interfaces in WSDL▪ Service implementations in Java

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Applications of ArchWare in Practice:Service-Oriented Architecture (UK)


CriticalSystems

LargeSystems

Who: UWE (Bristol, UK) Bridging the gap between BPM and Grid-based SOA

What: Development of business processes in terms of service-oriented architectures on Grid platforms

How: Business processes are described in terms of RAD (Role-

Activity Diagrams) Then transformed in terms of dynamic architectures in p-

ADL and analysed with p-AAL Then transformed into Grid services

▪ Dynamic software architecture▪ Service-oriented architecture

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Applications of ArchWare in Practice:Distributed Simulation Systems (China)


CriticalSystems

LargeSystems

Who: BIT (Beijing, China) Distributed Simulation Systems based on HLA

What: Development of distributed simulation systems HLA (High Level Architecture) [IEEE Standard 1516-2000] General purpose architecture for distributed computer simulation

systems Using HLA, computer simulations can communicate to other

computer simulations regardless of the computing platforms Communication between simulations is managed by a Run-Time

Infrastructure middleware How:

A specific architecture style was developed with p-ADL and p-AAL▪ Description of the HLA middleware (RTI)▪ Description of the HLA components (federates)

After refinement, the “glue code” is generated▪ The architecture evolves according to the federation of simulation components

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Applications of ArchWare in Practice:Distributed Control Systems (Switzerland)


CriticalSystems

LargeSystems

Who: CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research (Geneva, Switzerland) Control systems for particle accelerators

What: Development of distributed control systems to restart particle accelerators

How: A new specific architecture style was developed

▪ Architectural abstractions described with p-ADL

▪ Architectural properties expressed with p-AAL▪ Parameterized architecture – variation at deployment time

When the experiments plugged in the particle accelerators evolve, a new architecture is defined and an application generated▪ Most components are data sources providing the information

concerning the monitored equipments

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Applications of ArchWare in Practice:Robotics (France)


CriticalSystems

LargeSystems

Control software for controlling a robot with a glove The glove: the 18-sensor CyberGlove The robot: a Lego Mindstorm

▪ It comprises an autonomous programmable microcomputer to control actuators like sound generator, lights, and motors, and read input from various sensors like light sensors, pressure sensors, rotation sensors, and temperature sensors

▪ It has an infrared transceiver for downloading software components and communicating with other robots

Control software for controlling autonomous robots Robot software based on Microsoft Robotics technology Service-oriented architecture for robotics

▪ Decentralized Software Services – a lightweight .NET-based run-time environment that sits on top of the Concurrency and Coordination Run-time

Supported by Visual Simulation Environments60

Wrap Up

Summarizing


Summarizing

The architecture-centric solution we have developed in ArchWare and its follow-up initiative shows a high potential impact It is based on a holistic approach where

architecture deserves first-class status ▪ The ADL deserves first-class status too!

▪ It is more than just a high-level design language, it is in fact a wide-spectrum computer language, i.e. one coherent language frame covering the whole lifecycle spectrum

It provides well-defined languages and supporting tools for experimenting in practice in pilot projects

It provides a laboratory for experimenting new ideas!


For more information on ArchWare

ArchLog Web Page:http://www-valoria.univ-ubs.fr/ARCHLOG/

ArchWare Web Page:http://www-valoria.univ-ubs.fr/ARCHLOG/ ArchWare-IST/documents.htm

My Web Page:http://www-valoria.univ-ubs.fr/flavio.oquendo/


Beyond ArchWare: Conclusion on Submission of European Projects

You’re worth it!Having a submission accepted is very hard

Few submissions are successful! Preparing a submission requires a big

effortHowever, it is payoff!

Having a proposal accepted paves the road for outstanding research that may have a large impact

EC funding ranges from ca. 1.5M€ to 15M€64Flavio Oquendo, Université Européenne de Bretagne, France

Thank You

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Questions?


Software Architecture: Past, Present, and Future of the

ArchWare European Project

Flavio Oquendo

[email protected]

UnB - IV Seminário DPP de Pesquisa e InovaçãoBrasília, 6 de outubro 2010

[email protected] unb - iv seminário dpp de pesquisa e inovação

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