24th JANUARY 2013

MUHAMAD HAFIZ BIN MUHAMMAD NIZAM(55201211027)

MOHD FADZRUL AZWAN BIN MOHD ZOKIFLI(55201211196)

MOHD AMIRUL SYAFIQ BIN ISMAIL(55201211301)

PLANT UTILITIES & MAINTENANCE

FLARE SYSTEM!!

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION- Chemical plant profile- What is flare system? MAIN CONTENT- Purposes and functions of flare system- Types of utility in flare system DIAGRAMS CONCLUSION- Why flare system is so important? LIST OF REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

o PETRONAS FERTILIZER KEDAH SDN.BHD Petrochemical manufacturing Malaysian Urea production and fully owned

by Petronas Malaysia It is located near to town of Gurun Kedah It was establish on January 6 1983 Previous name was Gerudi Satu Sdn.Bhd

PETRONAS FERTILIZER KEDAH

WHAT IS FLARE SYSTEM ?

Flare system is a safety device that burn excess hydrocarbon gases which cannot be processed.

Excess hydrocarbon gases are flared as an alternative to releasing the vapors directly into the atmosphere

Expose these gases to the atmosphere would lead to pollution that might harm to humans and other creatures.

MAIN CONTENTS

PURPOSES AND FUNCTIONS To provide for the safe disposal of

hydrocarbons that are either automatically vented or manually drawn from process units

at refineries To destroy corrosive, toxic, and flammable

waste products during process start-ups or during upset plant conditions.

Flare systems gather vented gases and combust them to prevent release directly

into the atmosphere.

TYPES OF UTILITY IN FLARE SYSTEM

4 Types of flareElevatedGroundOffshore/ FPSOProduction/ completion

o Petronas Fertilizer Kedah Sdn.Bhd used elevated type of flare.

o There are 2 types of elevated flare: Low BTU Gas Flare Multi Jet Gas

LOW BTU GAS FLARE These flares are typically used for ammonia, hydrogen

sulphide/acid gas streams, venting from CO2 floods, and any other situation where a high amount of inert gases are combined with combustible hydrocarbons

 LOW BTU GAS FLARE

HOW DOES ITS WORKS?

The main component of Flare System

Knock Out (KO) Drum

Flare Header

Liquid Seal

Flare Stack

Molecular Seal

Flare Tip/ Burner Tip

Purge

Figure 1: Flare System Diagram

Knock out drum located before the flare stack

in order to separate any condensate or liquid

from the excess vapours.

The excess gases are collected in a horizontal

or vertical knock-out drum through a flare main

header.

The liquid collected is pumped to a slop tank

or is reused in oil recovery facilities.

The gas from the KO drum is then sent to an

elevated flare stack. A liquid seal is normally

maintained at the bottom of the stack.

Molecular seal provides a seal against

entrance of air into the flare stack and

minimizes the possibility of an explosive

mixture forming in the flare system.

SO FAR, DO YOU KNOW FLARE SYSTEM WELL??

To conclude this system, we all know that this system provide advantages to the people.

advantages

Destroy toxic, corrosive, and flammable vapors.

Can be made smokeless

Protect environment and people in the vicinity of the plant.

There also disadvantages in the system which may harm both people and environmental

disadvantages

Costly

Produce no usable products

Can require a relatively large amount of land.

Produce large amounts of noise, heat, and luminescence.

REFERENCES

Vatavuk, William M. and Robert B. Neveril. "Flares and Flare

System Design. " Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and

Design. 10th ed. 1985.

Adam Bader, Charles E. Baukal, Wes Bussman. (2011).

Selecting the proper flaresystems. American Institute of

Chemical Engineering . p45-50.

Daniel Viaches, Christy Charlton, Kelsey Kaplan.

Flare. Available:

http://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/

HeatTransfer/Flares/Flares.html. Last accessed 22th Jan 2013.