fizik - superkonduktor (tingkatan 5)

7/28/2019 FIZIK - SUPERKONDUKTOR (Tingkatan 5)

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FIZIK

Nur Anisa Aznan Sakinah Izni Ishak Noor Syafiqa Kamarudin

5 AL-FARABI 2013


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Superconductor

A superconductor is a material that exhibits noresistance to the flow of an electric current.

Once a flow of electrons is started in such a material,that flow continues essentially forever.


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An unheard-of property in materials at or near room temperatures. All substances that conduct an electric current

copper, silver, and aluminium are among the best conductors exhibit at least some resistance to the flow of electrons. This resistance is somewhat similar to the friction that one observes in sliding

a smooth wooden block across a smooth wooden floor.

Resistance is, in most cases, an undesirable property for conductors. When an electric current is passed through a wire, for example, some of the

energy represented by that current is wasted in overcoming the resistance ofthe wire.

Only a fraction, even if it is a large fraction, of the energy can actually be put

to useful work.

Superconducting materials have the potential for revolutionizingelectrical devices.

Since they do not resist the flow of an electric current, all the energyrepresented by that flow can be used for practical purposes.


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The temperature at which all atomic and molecular motionceases. Absolute zero is about 0 K (Kelvin), 273C, or 459F.Absolute zero

The production of very low temperatures and the study of theproperties of materials at those temperatures.Cryogenics

A flow of electrons.Electric current

The property of a material that opposes the flow of an electriccurrent.Electrical resistance

A form of magnetic energy produced by the flow of an electriccurrent through a metal core.Electromagnetism

A device for accelerating subatomic particles to very high speeds forthe purpose of studying the properties of matter at very high

energies.

Particle accelerator


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APPLICATION

MAGNETSELECTRONICS


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All electronic devices will operate moreefficiently if they are made from

superconducting materials rather than fromordinary conducting materials.

However, given the fact that those materialshave to be kept at the temperature of liquidnitrogen, those applications have only alimited commercial application so far.


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The most powerful magnets are electromagnets

magnets that owe their magnetic properties to the flow of electric current

through a metal core.

The traditional way to make a more powerful magnet is to make the metalcore larger and larger.

The problem with this approach, however, is that the core needed to make

very powerful magnets is larger than can be used on a practical basis. Using superconducting materials, however, the flow of electric current is

more efficient, and a more powerful magnet can be made with a smallermetal core.


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Perhaps the most famous application of superconducting magnets was theSuperconducting Super Collider (SSC).

The SSC was a machine designed to be used as a particle accelerator, or atom-

smasher, an instrument to be used for the study of subatomic particles(particles smaller than an atom).

The U.S. Congress approved the construction of the SSC in 1987 and funded theearly stages of its construction.

7 years later, Congress canceled the project because of its escalating costs. The

only reason the SSC was practical at all, however, was that the enormousmagnets it needed for its operation could be made from superconductingmaterials.


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Roughly half of the elements in theperiodic table are known to be

superconductive


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SUPERCONDUCTOR

A small cube magnethovering over anitrogen-cooled

specimen of a

superconductingceramic

demonstrates theMeissner effect.

Because the test is so

distinctive it is used asa test for identifyingsuperconducting

materials.

fizik - superkonduktor (tingkatan 5)

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