five generation of computers in history

7/31/2019 Five Generation of Computers in History

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Five Generation of Computers in History

1. First Generation (1944-1959)

Vacuum tube as a signal amplifier, a typical first-generation computer. Initially, vacuum tubes

(vacuum-tube) is used as a component of the signal amplifier. Raw materials consist of glass,

so much has disadvantages, such as: easily broken, and easy to distribute the heat. This heat

needs to be neutralized by other components that serves as a coolantAnd with the additional

component, the computer finally appeared to be a big, heavy and expensive. In 1946, the

world's first electronic computer the ENIAC sesai made. On the computer contained 18,800

vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons. so large in size, to the point that requires a separate

classroom.In theseems image ENIAC computer ,which is the world's first electronic computer

that has a weight weighing 30 tons ,length 30 M and 2.4 M high and requires 174 kilowatts of

electrical power


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2. Second Generation (1960-1964)

The transistor is a hallmark of second-generation computer. Raw material consists of three

layers, namely: "basic", "collector" and "emmiter". The transistor is an abbreviation of the

transfer resistor, which means that by influencing the resistance between two of the three

layers, then the power (resistor) which is in the next layer can also be affected.Thus, the

transistor functions as a signal amplifier. As a solid component, tansistor has many advantages

such as: not easily broken, do not distribute the heat. and thus, the computers that are

becoming smaller and cheaperIn the 1960s, IBM introduced the commercial machine that uses

transistors and is widely used starting in the market. IBM-7090 computer made in the United

States is one of the commercial machine that uses transistors.This computer is designed to

solve all kinds of jobs both scientific and commercial. Because of its speed and ability, leadingto the IBM 7090 became very popular. Other second-generation computers are: IBM Serie

1400, Serie NCR 304, MARK IV and the Honeywell Model 800.

3. Third Generation (1964-1975)


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The concept of the smaller and more affordable than transistors, eventually spur people to

continue to conduct various studies. Thousands transistor finally combined in one form a very

small. Silicium piece yag have successfully created the size of a few millimeters, and is called

an integrated circuit or IC-chip that are characteristic of third generation computers.Magnetic

ring can be in-magnetization in one direction or the opposite, and finally to sinyalkan condition

"ON" or "OFF" which is then translated into the concept of 0 and 1 in the binary number

system that is needed by the computer. In every field there are 924 memory magnetic rings,

each representing one bit of information. Millions of bits of information currently resides in a

single chip with a very small form.Computers are used to automate first introduced in 1968 by

PDC 808, which has 4 KB (kilo-byte) memory and 8 bits for core memory

4. Fourth Generation (1975-Present)

Chiri typical microprocessor is the fourth generation of computers that are thousands of

compaction into an IC chip. Because the form of an increasingly small and growing capabilities

and the price offered is also getting cheaper. Microprocessor is the beginning of the birth of

personal computers. In 1971, Intel Corp., later developed the first microprocessor serie


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4004.Examples of this generation is the Apple I computer which was developed by Steve

Wozniak and Steve Jobs with how to enter the microprocessor on the circuit board computer. In

addition, later appeared TRS Model 80 with type Motorola 68000 processor and Zilog Z-80 uses

64KB of RAM standard.Computer Apple II-e are using the processor type and Ram 6502R is 64

Kb, is also one of the PC is very popular at that time. Operating systems used are: CP / M 8 Bit.

This computer is very popular in the early 80's.IBM Personal Computer was churning out

around the year 1981, using the Operating System 16 Bit MS-DOS. Due to the price offered is

not much different from other computers, besides the technology is much better and bigger

than IBM's own name, then in a very short time the computer has become very popular.

5. Fifth Generation (now - future)

In this generation is marked by the emergence of: LSI (Large Scale Integration), which is the

solidification of thousands of microprocessors into a microprocesor. In addition, also marked by

the emergence of microprocessor and semi-conductors. Companies that make micro-

processors are: Intel Corporation, Motorola, Zilog and others again. Market we can see a

microprocessor from Intel with models 4004, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, and

Pentium.Pentium-4 is the latest production from Intel Corporation that is expected to cover all

the weaknesses that exist in previous products, in addition, possessed the ability and speed of

the Pentium-4 also increased to 2 Ghz. The pictures that appear to be smoother and sharper,in addition to the speed of processing, sending or receiving images also become faster and

faster.
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five generation of computers in history

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