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Fission & Fusion Movie

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Page 2: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

Matter and Energy

• Previous studies have taught us that

“matter and energy cannot be created

nor destroyed”

• We balance equations to obey this law.

– 2 H2O 2 H2 + O2

• We now need to understand that Matter

and Energy are two forms of the same

thing

Page 3: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

Mass

• Matter can be changed into Energy

• Einstein’s formula above tells us how the change occurs

• In the equation above:

E = Energy

m = Mass

c = Speed of Light (Universal Constant)

Energy Light

Speed

E = mc2

Page 4: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

E = mc2

• The equation may be read as follows:

Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied by

the Speed of Light (c) squared

• This tells us that a small amount of mass

can be converted into a very large amount of

energy because the speed of light (c) is an

extremely large number

Page 5: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied
Page 6: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

• Fusion is a nuclear reaction whereby two light

atomic nuclei fuse or combine to form a single

larger, heavier nucleus

• The fusion process generates tremendous

amounts energy

• For fusion to occur, a LARGE amount of

energy is needed to overcome the electrical

charges of the nuclei and fuse them together

Fusion

Page 7: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

OUR STAR

Page 8: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

How do stars produce energy?

• Stars are mostly

Hydrogen that

produce energy by

fusion of hydrogen

nuclei

• 2 protons (H-1) fuse

to make a H isotope

(H-2); then H-1 + H-2

form an isotope of

He-3.

The emission of a positron or a positive electron is referred

to as beta decay. The positron is accompanied by a

neutrino, a massless and chargeless particle. Positrons

are emitted with the same kind of energy spectrum as

electrons in negative beta decay because of the emission

of the neutrino.

Light

light neutrino

positron

Page 9: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

How do stars produce energy?

• Finally 4 hydrogen

nuclei combine

into 1 Helium

nucleus.

• A small amount of

matter changes

into a huge

amount of energy.

Page 10: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

Fusion

• Fusion reactions do not occur naturally on our

planet but are the principal type of reaction

found in stars

• The large masses, densities, and high

temperatures of stars provide the initial energies

needed to fuel fusion reactions

• The sun fuses hydrogen atoms to produce

helium, subatomic particles, and vast amounts of

energy

Page 11: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

FUSION

DEUTERIUM

TRITIUM

HELIUM

NEUTRON

http://fusioned.gat.com

Page 12: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied
Page 13: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied
Page 14: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied
Page 15: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

Complete the Reaction

1H

4Be

1H

8O

4Be

2He

2He

1H

2He

2He

2He

6C

1H element atomic number

(protons)

6C

Page 16: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

Learning Check

What process creates energy in the Sun? Fusion of hydrogen into helium in the Sun’s core

generates the Sun’s energy.

How long ago did fusion generate the energy we now receive as sunlight?

Fusion created the energy we receive today about a million years ago. This is the time it takes for photons and then convection to transport energy through the solar interior to the photosphere. Once sunlight emerges from the photosphere, it takes only about 8 minutes to reach Earth.

Page 17: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

NUCLEAR FISSION

A reaction in which an atomic

nucleus of a radioactive element

splits by bombardment from an

external source, with

simultaneous release of large

amounts of energy, used for

electric power generation

Page 18: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

Fission

• Fission may be defined as the process of

splitting an atomic nucleus into fission

fragments

• The fission fragments are generally in the

form of smaller atomic nuclei and neutrons

• Large amounts of energy are produced by

the fission process

Page 19: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

What nuclei can split during

nuclear fission?

• Only large nuclei

like U or plutonium

can split apart

during nuclear

fission.

Click on image

for animation

Page 20: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

Chain Reaction

• Free neutrons produced by fission can hit

other nuclei emitting more neutrons

repeating the reaction over and over.

• A series of fission reactions is called a

chain reaction.

• Can only be slowed by using materials

that will absorb the neutrons.

• Chain Reaction Video

• pHet annimation

Page 21: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

Nuclear Fission

Neutron induced in U235

Fission is Exothermic

The sum of the masses of

the resulting nuclei is less

than the original mass

(about 0.1% less)

The “missing mass” is converted

to energy according to E=mc2

Page 22: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied
Page 23: Fission & Fusion Movie - Mrs. Hayden, Sciencehaydenscience.weebly.com/.../fission_fusion_2016f.pdfE = mc2 • The equation may be read as follows: Energy (E) is equal to Mass (m) multiplied

Review Movie

Nuclear fission:

A large nucleus splits into several

small nuclei when impacted by a

neutron, and energy is released in

this process

Nuclear fusion:

Several small nuclei fuse

together and release

energy.