FISHERY IN INDIAFISHERY IN INDIAAT A GLANCEAT A GLANCE

> PRODUCTION --- 53.5 Lakh Tonnes> INLAND SECTOR --- 24.2 Lakh Tonnes> MARINE SECTOR --- 29.3 Lakh Tonnes> 9th PLAN TARGET --- 63.7 Lakh Tonnes> PROVIDES EMPLOYMENT --- 56 Lakh PEOPLE> CONTRIBUTION TO GDP --- 1 . 27 % (Rs. 18,079

million)> INDIA RANKS -- 2nd in world shrimp production

& 5 th in total fish production> FISHERY OUT LAY --- Rs.51.3 million in 1st plan to

Rs. 11,723 million in eight plan> EXPORTS --- Rs. 4698 crores ( 70 % shrimps )

WHY FISHERYWHY FISHERY ?• PROTEIN RICH FOOD• SUPPLEMENT TO FOOD REQUIREMENTS• GAINFUL UTILIZATION OF WATER RESOURCE• GENERATES EMPLOYMENT• SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF OTHER

ANCILLARY ACTIVITIES• SOURCE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS• MORE RETURNS FROM MARGINAL LAND

1. TUNA2. POMFRET3. PERCH4. CAT FISH5. COD FISH

SQUID LOBSTER

SHRIMP

SCAMPI CRAB

( FRESH WATER FISHERY ) CULTURE OF FEW SELECTED FISH VARITIES TOGATHER IN DEFINITE RATIO

( FRESH WATER FISHERY ) CULTURE OF FEW SELECTED FISH VARITIES TOGETHER IN DEFINITE RATIO

PROMOTER

TRAINING / EXPERIENCE OWN LAND / LEASED LAND OWNERSHIP / LEASED PAPERS SECURITY

SITE SELECTION Based on

• ASSURED FRESH WATER SUPPLY• FREE FROM POLLUTION• PROPER DRAINAGE• SOIL SHOULD BE NON ACIDIC,CLAYs• CHEMICAL PARAMETERS FOR WATER:

– DO: ABOVE 5 part per million– SALINITY: 5 part per thousand– TEMPERATURE: 28-32 DEG. centigrate– pH : 7.5 - 8.5– TRANSPERANCY : 15 - 35 cm.

• AVAILABILITY OF–SEED - MEDICINE–FEED - FERTILIZER

• TECHNICAL SUPPORT• POWER & FUEL • TRANSPORT FACILITY• MARKETING ARRANGEMENT

Site Selection (contd.)

POND DESIGNING• ASCERTAIN WSA (WATER SPREAD

AREA)• RECTANGULAR SHAPE PREFERRED• SIZE-- 0.4 -1.0 ha. WSA• DEPTH- 1.5 meter WATER COLUMN• STRONG BUNDS• INLETS & OUTLETS WITH WIRE

MESH

POND DEVELOPMENT

• EXISTING PONDS– DEWEEDING– DEWATERING– REMOVAL OF PREDATORY &

COMPETITIVE FISHES– USE OF MAHUA OIL CAKE

@ 2500 Kg. PER ha.WSA

NEW POND DEVELOPMENT

• SOIL EXCAVATION• CONSTRUCTION OF BUNDS,

INLETS, OUTLETS• PLOUGHING LAND• APPLICATION OF LIME

200-500 kg / ha . WSA depending on pH of the water

DEVELOPMENT OF EXISTING POND

FISH POND UNDER DEVELOPMENT

WASTE LAND TO

FISH TANK

FISH PONDS

POND FERTILIZATIONKG. PER ha WSA

Frequency ofApplication

CattleDung

AmmniumSulphate

SuperPhosphate

1st Dose 5000 75 50

2nd Dose onwardsfor 11 months

2000 75 50

TOTAL for 12months

27000 900 600

STOCKING DENSITY

Fingerling Numbers Per ha. WSA

Fish species 6 Sp 4 Sp 3 Sp

CATLA 750 1500 2000

ROHU 1000 1500 1500

MRIGAL 750 1000 1500

SILVER CARP 750 - -

GRASS CARP 750 - -

COMMON CARP 1000 1000 -

TOTAL 5000 5000 5000

ROHU

GRASS CARP

CATLACATLA

COMMON CARPCOMMON CARP

MRIGALMRIGAL

SILVER CARPSILVER CARP

MONITORING & INSPECTION• POND WATER COLOUR Light green--inadequate feeding Dark green--water polluted Bright green--most ideal• TRIAL NETTING• CHECK CHEMICAL PARAMETERS pH, DO, Salinity, Transparency etc• WATER LEVEL

EQUIPMENTS AVAILABLE FOR WATER QUALITY TEST

1. D. O. METER --- OXYGEN

2 pH .METER --- pH

3. THERMOMETER--- TEMPERATURE

4. SACCHI DISC --- WATER POLLUTION

5. SALINOMETER --- SALT CONTENT

WATER TESTING EQUIPMENTS

Aerators

ITEMS OF INVESTMENTITEMS OF INVESTMENTCapital Investment - Term loansCapital Investment - Term loans

• Site cleaning• Excavation of new ponds• Repair of existing ponds• Inlets & outlets construction• Labour quarters / farm house• Other civil structures • Pumpset• Boats & Nets• Feeding Trays, Water Testing kits,• Transport Facility• Fencing

Recurring Investments Recurring Investments Working capitalWorking capital

• Seed cost• Feed cost• Lime cost• Fertilisers ( organic & inorganic)• Labour Charges• Power & Fuel Charges• Insurance Premium• Harvesting Charges• Marketing Charges

MODE OF FINANCE All Capital cost = As TERM LOAN All Recurring cost = As WORKING CAPITAL Capital cost + I st Year Recurring cost = COMPOSITE

TERM LOAN

Term loan & Composite term loan --- Repayment over a period of 5 - 7

Years

Working capital loan --- Renew / Review on Yearly basis

RISKS IN FISH FARMING

1. Excessive weed growth.2. Appearance of fish diseases & algal bloom.3. Inflow of polluted water in pond.4. Growth of unwanted water animals – wild fish, insect, frog, crab, snakes.5. Depletion in DO level.6. Reduction in water depth7. Rise in water temperature.8. Fluctuation in water pH and salinity.

BASIC REQUIREMENTBASIC REQUIREMENT1. BRACKISH WATER ( Sea Water + Fresh Water ) - Close to

SEA 2. IDEAL CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER #. pH ------- 7.5 to 8.5 # D.O. Level ------ 4 mg. / liter water & above # Salinity ------ 15 to 35 parts per thousand3. PROPER DRAINAGE FACILITY4. INPUTS SPECIALLY QUALITY SEED & FEED5. PROCESSING FACILITY AT CLOSE DISTANCE6. ENTREPRENEUR ADEQUATELY TRAINED7. FREE FROM DOMESTIC , AGL , INDUST., POLLUTION

GOI GUIDELINES(As per Supreme Court Decision)

1 . 500 meters away from HTZ as per CRZ norms2.. No Agril. Land / Salt pan to be converted to

Shrimp farm3. No use of ground water for salinity adjustment4. Free access to sea for traditional fishermen / tourists5. WSA not more than 60 % of available land6. Provision of settlement / sedimentation tank , chlorication / dechlorination tank / green belt etc.7. Unit with 40 ha. WSA -- Clearance from state

pollution control board required

GOI guidelines contd.8. Modified Extensive system of farming is practiced

( stocking @ 60,00 to 1, 00, 000 nos. )9. Advisable : * cultivation of mussel, oyster, fin fish, sea weed in

treatment tanks * minimal use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides,

antibiotics * encourage use of organic fertilizers10. Registration with District Aqua Authority11. Duration of crop not more than 4 - 5 months12. EIA( environment impact assessment ) Report to

obtained

MARINE FISHERYMARINE FISHERY

INDIAN COAST LINE --- 7500 KM..

• .

INDIAN EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE -- 2 million sq. km

1 Nautical Mile =1.85 Km.

1 Fathoms =2 meters

Fr. Shrimp67%

Others5%

Fr.Cuttle Fish7%

Fr. Fin.Fish15%

Fr. Squid6%

ITEM-WISE EXPORTS OF MARINE PRODUCTS(BASED ON VALUE) 1997-98

Total exports from India ( 1997-98) - Rs. 4,698 crores (

9% 12%

3%

24%50%

2% European UnionUSAMiddle-EastSouth-East AsiaJapanOthers

Market-wise export of marine products(Based on Value) 1997-98

Total exports from India ( 1997-98)- Rs. 4,698 crores

WHY PROCESSING

Maintain Palatability ,Quality, Nutritive Value& Freshness

Domestic &Export Promotion

STEPS INVOLVED1. Harvesting at Appropriate Stage2. Keeping Produce in ICE (1:1 ratio)3. Containers ( bamboo baskets / plastic crates / polythene insulated boxes / thermo Cole boxes)4. Transport (insulated truck /refrigerated truck / truck covered with tarpaulin )5. Processing including value addition

Convert lowvalue fish tohigh value product

Technicalities about Processing Infrastructure

2. Availability of adequate potable water, quality ice, Electricity, Skilled labour, Transport facilities, Close to Port etc.

1. Processing unit close to production centre

3. Provision for waste disposal ( both for water & solid ) 4. Provision of separate halls for Raw material receiving,Washing, Grading, Processing, Packing, Storage , with foot dip, entry & exit door.

5. All operations on clean stainless steel topped tables 6. Halls are Fly proof, Rodent free, maintaining Temp.20 deg. C, 30-70 % humidity,10-30 cubic feet air per working person7. Provision of head covering, aprons, gum boots, over coats, gloves & white uniform for workers, change room, toilet, rest room, etc.

8. Provision for regular health checkup of workers,restrictions not to use tobacco/ pan / smoking/nail polish/ rings/ bangles etc.

9. Building orientation preferably E-W with excellent drainage facility

QUALITY CONTROL MEASURES

Unit must have QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORY with all modern equipments for testing

Microbial contamination, Residues of drugs / pesticides/fungicides ,Industrial contamination, and Food additives

TESTS CONDUCTED ARE

Organoleptic test -- Texture, Colour, Softness, FreshnessForeign particle test -- Pieces of shell, part of flies, insect, hair Chemical test --- Residues of chemicalsBacterial load -- Salmonella, Cholera germs, E. coli etc.Agencies to monitorExport Inspection Council ( EIC ) Export Inspection Agency ( EIA)Through HACCP (Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points )norms & Self declaration

PACKAGING OF PRODUCT

1. Light weight, easier and safer for transport 2. Protect it from any contamination , damage or degradation3. Posses sufficient strength to withstand hazards of transport4. Cheap & Bio-degradable but attractive

5. Leak proof, greese proof, protect from moisture loss, low gas transmission, etc. for value added products

It could be bamboo basket, HDPE rigid boxes framed with polystyrene / polyurethene

Packing must contain details about species, weight, count, date of packing, brand name etc.

FISH IN COLD ROOM

FISH IN TINS

DRY SHRIMPS

TYPES OF BANK FINANCETYPES OF BANK FINANCE

• Term Loan to meet capital investments for setting up a new unit

• Term loan for modernisation of the existing units to satisfy HACCP norms EU requirements

• Working capital to meet day to day operational expenses

• Finance for transport vehicles ( refrigerated & insulated )

• Finance related to exports of sea food

RECURRING EXPENSES• Raw material cost• Labour charges ( Skilled & Non Skilled )• Power & fuel charges• Salary of technical & administrative staff• Stores & consumable items • Cost of packaging material• Marketing & transport cost• Miscellaneous & contingencies

CASE STUDYInstalled Capacity -- 5139 metric tonnes / year

1 . Land Rs. 5 . 00 (Margin 100 %)

2 . Building ( processing hall, laboratory, cold storage, Ice plant, store room, administrative office, staff quarters, crèche, guest room, bore well, sump, pump house, compound wall, roads, drainage etc.) Rs. 82 . 00 ( 25 % )

3 . Plant & Machinery ( plate freezer 4 nos., blast freezers 2 nos., ice plant, flake ice machine etc.) Rs. 113 . 25 do

4 . Water treatment plant ,processing & lab equipments ( processing table, trays, stands, freezing trays, trollies, freezing pans, crates, weigh machine etc. ) Rs.12 . 57 do

5 . Electrification & Generators ( 3 DG set, 1 transformer, light, power distribution etc.) Rs. 27. 15 . do

6 . Miscellaneous assets ( office equipments, deposits) Rs. 07. 00 (100 % )

7 . Contingencies ( 5 % of building & equipments ) Rs. 09 . 55 ( 60 % )

Capital Investment (Rs. 256.52 Lacs )

Approvals Required

• Inspector of factories• Export Inspection Agency ( E.I.A.), GOI.• Lay out plan from village panchayat• NOC from district medical & health officer• NOC from pollution control board• Sanction of power• MPEDA registration