first record of a rheophytic species of ixora (rubiaceae
TRANSCRIPT
ted on rocks, show sympodial branching and bear short petiole,
glabrous, narrow leaves with entire margins (van Steenis 1981,
1987). Ixora yunna- nensis Hutch. was first described by Hutchinson
(1916) based on a collection made by Dr. Augus- tine Henry
(1857–1930) from the banks of the Red River (Hong He) in Yunnan
Province, China. Until now, it was considered to be endemic to
Yunnan Province (Chen & Taylor 2011).
During field explorations (2016–2018) in the Koka, Panimur, Amreng and Zirikindeng regions of West Karbi Anglong District of Assam, the se- nior author found a rheophytic shrub in rock crevices at the edge of the Kopili River near Koka. After examining specimens and consult- ing the literature we identified the plant as Ixora yunnanensis, a new addition to the Rubiaceae of India and an extension of its range ca. 760 km westward. A description of the plant (based on Indian materials) along with photographs and a distribution map are provided to facilitate future identifications.
Ixora yunnanensis Hutch. in Sargent, Pl. Wil- son. 3(2): 412 (1916); T. Chen & C. M. Taylor, Fl.
Ixora L. (Rubiaceae), comprising about 530 species of shrubs and trees (Davis et al. 2009), is the third largest genus in the family. It is wide- spread in tropical Africa, America, Asia, Mada- gascar, and the Pacific islands (Chen & Taylor 2011, De Block 2014). Ixora is easily recognized by its articulate petioles, trichotomously branched terminal inflorescences, narrowly tubular 4-mer- ous flowers with contorted aestivation, 2–4-lobed stigma, 2–4-locular ovary with a single ovule per locule, drupaceous fruits and seeds with a large adaxial excavation (De Block 1998). In India, the genus is represented by ca. 50 species (Hooker 1880, Bremekamp 1937, 1938, 1959, Husain & Paul 1986, 1989, 1991, Sivadasan & Mohanan 1991, Deb & Rout 1992a, b, Pradeep 1997, Barb- huiya et al. 2012, Murugan & Prabhu 2014, Karthigeyan & Arisdason 2015, Balan & Shan- mugam 2016). Chowdhury (2005) listed 8 species from Assam.
Rheophytes are plants that are confined to the bed of swift-running streams and rivers and grow up to the high water level, but not beyond the reach of regularly occurring flash floods. Rheo- phytic land plants are either herbs or shrubs. Shrubby rheophytes usually have their roots mat-
Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 70 (1): 57–61 (2019)
shorT CoMMuniCaTion
First Record of a Rheophytic Species of Ixora (Rubiaceae) in India
jaTindra sarMa1, hussain ahMed barbhuiYa2,* and sanTanu deY3
1Research, Education and Working Plans, Assam Forest Department, Aranya Bhawan, Panjabari, Guwahati, Assam 781037, India; 2Landscape and Cosmetic Maintenance Section, Architectural and Structural Engineering
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400085, India. * [email protected] (author for correspondence); 3Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami, Nagaland 798627, India
Ixora yunnanensis (Rubiaceae) is recorded for the first time in India. Previously, it was considered en- demic to Yunnan Province, China. The present report extends its distribution range ca. 760 km west- ward. A brief description of the plant along with photographs and a distribution map are provided to fa- cilitate its unambiguous identification in the future.
Key words: flora of India, Ixora yunnanensis, new locality, rheophyte
doi: 10.18942/apg.201816 ISSN 1346-7565
58 Vol. 70Acta Phytotax. Geobot.
Fig. 1. Ixora yunnanensis Hutch. A, Habit. B, Close up of inflorescence. C, Late inflorescence showing calyx. D, Twig of plant with inflorescence. E, Single flower. F, Top view of flower showing corolla lobes and bearded throat of corolla tube. G, Apex of flower showing corolla lobes and stigma. H, Inflorescence. All based on J. Sarma s.n. (HBARC).
February 2019 59sarMa & al–First record of lxora in lndia
China 19: 182 (2011) ––Fig. 1
Type: CHINA. Yunnan, Hsin-Kei (XinKai), Red Riv- er, A. Henry 9585 (holo- K-000763128 image!; iso- NY- 00131977 image!); Red River banks, Manpan, A. Henry 10370 (para- K-000763129 image!).
Additional specimens examined. INDIA. Assam, West Karbi Anglong, Panimur, Koka, on the edges of Ko- pili riverbed, 25°4409.91″ N, 92°4915.1″E, 81.59 m msl, 8 May 2017, J. Sarma s.n. (HBARC-00006395, 00006396, 00006397). CHINA. Yunnan, Lüchun, Huanglianshan, 24 October 1995, S. K. Wu et. al. 222 (KUN-0770434 im- age); Huanglianshan, 30 October 1995, S. K. Wu et. al. 789 (KUN-0770435 image); Hekou Yao Autonomous County, 23 May 1953, K. H. Cai 1119 (PE-00737441 im- age); Kafang, 25 May 1953, K. H. Cai 1156 (IBSC- 0443331 image).
Shrub, usually 60–70 cm tall. Stems glabrous, sparsely branched. Leaves opposite; petiole 0.5– 1.6 cm long, glabrous; blade lanceolate to narrow- ly oblanceolate, 5.5–15 × 0.6–2 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, base attenuate, apex acute to long acuminate; lateral veins 10–15 pairs; stipules in- terpetiolar, persistent, basally united around the stem, triangular to broadly ovate, 3–4 × 2.9–3.3 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially villous with brown colleters, apex acute or aristate, arista usu- ally 2.5–3 mm long. Inflorescences terminal, subsessile to short pedunculate, corymbiform to
congested cymose, ca. 6.5 × 5 cm; peduncle gla- brous, terete, to 1.3 cm long, 1.8–2.2 mm in diam.; bracts narrowly lanceolate, ca. 6 × 0.6 mm, base occasionally 1 or 2 dentate, apex acu- minate. Flowers sessile to short pedicellate; pedi- cels up to 3 mm long. Calyx glabrous, turbinate; hypanthium obconical to slightly cupuliform, 1.7–2 mm long and ca. 1.7 mm wide at mouth; limb deeply 4-lobed; lobes linear-lanceolate, 3–4 × 0.7–1 mm, apex subacute to acute. Corolla white; tube 20–35 mm long, slightly dilated up- wards, 1.0–1.5 mm in diam., white bearded at throat; lobes 4, narrowly elliptic-oblong, 7.5–8.2 × 3.0–3.5 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens 4, exserted, alternate to corolla lobes; anthers dorsifixed near base, oblong, 4.2–4.6 × 0.8–1 mm, base slightly cordate, apex acute; filament 1.3–1.5 mm long, glabrous, basally adnate to throat of corolla tube. Ovary glabrous, 2-locular, 1.4–1.6 mm in diam.; style ca. 36 mm long, exserted from corolla tube; stigma slightly fusiform, apex bilobed, lobes un- equal, ca. 2.2 mm long. Fruits and seeds not seen.
Flowering. April–May.
Ecology and Habitat. Ixora yunnanensis is a rheophyte among rocks at the edges of rivers 80–
Fig. 2. Distribution map of Ixora yunnanensis Hutch. Square () indicates previously known localities; solid circle () indi- cates currently reported locality. Map was created with SimpleMappr, http://www.simplemappr.net (Shorthouse 2010).
60 Vol. 70Acta Phytotax. Geobot.
102 m above sea level in Koka, Assam, India, where it grows near fast flowing water. The leaves of Ixora yunnanensis shows typical characteris- tics of a rheophyte; short petiole, glabrous and narrow leaf blades with entire margins. Associ- ated rheophytes are Syzygium cyanophyllum, S. polypetalum (Myrtaceae), Carissa sp. (Apocyna- ceae), Eriobotrya angustissima (Rosaceae), Pa- vetta sp. and Tarenna pumila (Rubiaceae).
Distribution. India (Assam: West Karbi An- glong-Koka, present record), China (Yunnan: Along Red River Banks, Hsin-Kei (XinKai), Manpan, Lüchun, Mt. Huanglianshan, Hekou Yao Autonomous County, Kafang, Xishuangban- na, Mengla) (Hutchinson 1916, CVH 2018) (Fig. 2).
Taxonomic note. Ixora yunnanensis can be easily distinguished from other species of Ixora by its extremely narrow oblanceolate leaves and longer calyx lobes. It is similar to I. subsessilis Wall. ex G. Don of India, China and Thailand in having subsessile inflorescences, but I. subsessi- lis is distinct from I. yunnanensis in having ellip- tic-lanceolate leaves up to 8.3 cm wide, shorter triangular calyx lobes up to 2 mm long and a gla- brous corolla tube. Moreover, I. subsessilis is more vigorous than I. yunnanensis. Ixora subses- silis usually grows on hill slopes between 60 and 1,800 m above sea level and is either a shrub or a small tree up to 2.4 m tall (Husain & Paul 1989). Ixora yunnanensis in India varies slightly from the plants in China in having only opposite leaves that are slightly shorter and narrower, i.e. up to 15 cm long and 2 cm wide. The leaves of Chinese plants are sometimes ternate and up to 22 cm long and 4 cm wide (Chen & Taylor 2011).
We thank the Assam Forest Department for allowing us to use their resources during extensive field exploration, especially in remote areas. We extend our sincere thanks to Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council Authority and Hamren Territorial Division for providing logistical sup- port during fieldwork. We express our heartiest thanks to the officers and staff of the Southern Range Kheroni, Hamren Territorial Division, for their continuous assis- tance in frequent field explorations. Finally, yet impor-
tantly, we are indebted to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript.
References
Balan, A. P. & H. Shanmugam. 2016. Ixora predeepii, a new species of Rubiaceae from southern Western Ghats, India. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 23: 65–69.
Barbhuiya, H. A., B. K. Dutta, A. K. Das & A. K. Baishya. 2012. Ixora rangonensis Bremek. (Rubiaceae): A new record for India. Taiwania 57: 413–417.
Bremekamp, C. E. B. 1937. The Ixora species of Burma and Andaman Islands. J. Bot. 75: 108–111, 169–175, 260–266, 295–298, 318–326.
Bremekamp, C. E. B. 1938. The Ixora species of Burma and Andaman Islands. – Additions and Emendations. J. Bot. 76: 330–336.
Bremekamp, C. E. B. 1959. New Ixora species from Ben- gal, Burma and the Nicobar Islands. Indian Forester 85: 371–375.
Chen, T. & C. M. Taylor. 2011. Ixora Linnaeus. In: Wu, Z. Y., P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, (eds.), Flora of China, vol. 19, pp. 177–182. Science Press, Beijing, and Mis- souri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Chowdhury, S. 2005. Assam’s Flora (Present Status of Vascular Plants). Assam Science Technology and En- vironment Council, Guwahati.
CVH, 2018. Chinese Virtual Herbarium. Institute of Bot- any, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. <http://www.cvh.org.cn.> [Accessed Aug. 04, 2018].
Davis, A. P., R. Govaerts, D. M. Bridson, M. Ruhsam, J. Moat & N. A. Brummitt. 2009. Global assessment of distribution, diversity, endemism, and taxonomic ef- fort in the Rubiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96: 68–78.
Deb, D. B. & R. C. Rout. 1992a. Two New Species of Ixo- ra (Rubiaceae subfam. Ixoroideae) from India and Burma. Kew Bull. 47: 295–300.
Deb, D.B. & R.C. Rout. 1992b. A new species of Ixora from Burma. Edinburgh J. Bot. 49: 95–97.
De Block, P. 1998. The African species of Ixora (Rubia- ceae-Pavetteae). Opera Bot. Belg. 9: 1–218.
De Block, P. 2014. Eight new species of Ixora (Ixoreae– Rubiaceae) from Madagascar. Pl. Ecol. Evol. 147: 237–255.
Hooker, J. D. 1880. Flora of British India, vol. 3. L. Reeve & Co., London.
Husain, T. & S. R. Paul. 1986. Two new species of Ixora L. (Rubiaceae) from India. Candollea 41: 87–93.
Husain, T. & S. R. Paul. 1989. Taxonomic studies on In- dian species of genus Ixora L. (Rubiaceae). J. Econ. Tax. Bot. Additional Series 6. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India.
February 2019 61sarMa & al–First record of lxora in lndia
Husain, T. & S. R. Paul. 1991. Ixora manantoddii, a new species of Ixora L. (Rubiaceae–Pavetteae) from In- dia. Bull. Jard. Bot. Belg. 61: 15–19.
Hutchinson, J. 1916. Rubiaceae. In: Sargent, C. S. (ed.), Plantae Wilsonianae an enumeration of the woody plants collected in Western China for the Arnold Ar- boretum of Harvard University during the years 1907, 1908 and 1910 by E. H. Wilson, vol. 3, pp. 390–417. The University Press, Cambridge.
Karthigeyan, K. & W. Arisdason. 2015. Ixora longibrac- teata Bremek. (Rubiaceae), an addition to flora of In- dia with notes on its status and distribution. Taiwania 60: 9598.
Murugan, C. & S. Prabhu. 2014. Ixora chakraborteyi Murugan & Prabhu sp. nov. (Rubiaceae)-a new spe- cies from Bay Islands, India. Indian J. Forest. 37:
303–306. Pradeep, A. K. 1997. Ixora sivarajiana, a new species of
Rubiaceae from India. Nord. J. Bot. 17: 315–317. Shorthouse, D. P. 2010. SimpleMappr, an online tool to
produce publication-quality point maps. < http:// www.simplemappr.net.> [accessed Jul. 16, 2018].
Sivadasan, M. & N. Mohanan. 1991. Ixora agasthyama- layana, a new species of Rubiaceae from India. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 32: 313–316.
van Steenis, C. G. G. J. 1981. Rheophytes of the world: an account of the flood-resistant flowering plants and ferns and the theory of autonomous evolution. Si- jthoff & Noordhoff, Maryland.
van Steenis, C. G. G. J. 1987. Rheophytes of the world: supplement. Allertonia 4: 267–330
Received July 17, 2018; accepted August 22, 2018
During field explorations (2016–2018) in the Koka, Panimur, Amreng and Zirikindeng regions of West Karbi Anglong District of Assam, the se- nior author found a rheophytic shrub in rock crevices at the edge of the Kopili River near Koka. After examining specimens and consult- ing the literature we identified the plant as Ixora yunnanensis, a new addition to the Rubiaceae of India and an extension of its range ca. 760 km westward. A description of the plant (based on Indian materials) along with photographs and a distribution map are provided to facilitate future identifications.
Ixora yunnanensis Hutch. in Sargent, Pl. Wil- son. 3(2): 412 (1916); T. Chen & C. M. Taylor, Fl.
Ixora L. (Rubiaceae), comprising about 530 species of shrubs and trees (Davis et al. 2009), is the third largest genus in the family. It is wide- spread in tropical Africa, America, Asia, Mada- gascar, and the Pacific islands (Chen & Taylor 2011, De Block 2014). Ixora is easily recognized by its articulate petioles, trichotomously branched terminal inflorescences, narrowly tubular 4-mer- ous flowers with contorted aestivation, 2–4-lobed stigma, 2–4-locular ovary with a single ovule per locule, drupaceous fruits and seeds with a large adaxial excavation (De Block 1998). In India, the genus is represented by ca. 50 species (Hooker 1880, Bremekamp 1937, 1938, 1959, Husain & Paul 1986, 1989, 1991, Sivadasan & Mohanan 1991, Deb & Rout 1992a, b, Pradeep 1997, Barb- huiya et al. 2012, Murugan & Prabhu 2014, Karthigeyan & Arisdason 2015, Balan & Shan- mugam 2016). Chowdhury (2005) listed 8 species from Assam.
Rheophytes are plants that are confined to the bed of swift-running streams and rivers and grow up to the high water level, but not beyond the reach of regularly occurring flash floods. Rheo- phytic land plants are either herbs or shrubs. Shrubby rheophytes usually have their roots mat-
Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 70 (1): 57–61 (2019)
shorT CoMMuniCaTion
First Record of a Rheophytic Species of Ixora (Rubiaceae) in India
jaTindra sarMa1, hussain ahMed barbhuiYa2,* and sanTanu deY3
1Research, Education and Working Plans, Assam Forest Department, Aranya Bhawan, Panjabari, Guwahati, Assam 781037, India; 2Landscape and Cosmetic Maintenance Section, Architectural and Structural Engineering
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400085, India. * [email protected] (author for correspondence); 3Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami, Nagaland 798627, India
Ixora yunnanensis (Rubiaceae) is recorded for the first time in India. Previously, it was considered en- demic to Yunnan Province, China. The present report extends its distribution range ca. 760 km west- ward. A brief description of the plant along with photographs and a distribution map are provided to fa- cilitate its unambiguous identification in the future.
Key words: flora of India, Ixora yunnanensis, new locality, rheophyte
doi: 10.18942/apg.201816 ISSN 1346-7565
58 Vol. 70Acta Phytotax. Geobot.
Fig. 1. Ixora yunnanensis Hutch. A, Habit. B, Close up of inflorescence. C, Late inflorescence showing calyx. D, Twig of plant with inflorescence. E, Single flower. F, Top view of flower showing corolla lobes and bearded throat of corolla tube. G, Apex of flower showing corolla lobes and stigma. H, Inflorescence. All based on J. Sarma s.n. (HBARC).
February 2019 59sarMa & al–First record of lxora in lndia
China 19: 182 (2011) ––Fig. 1
Type: CHINA. Yunnan, Hsin-Kei (XinKai), Red Riv- er, A. Henry 9585 (holo- K-000763128 image!; iso- NY- 00131977 image!); Red River banks, Manpan, A. Henry 10370 (para- K-000763129 image!).
Additional specimens examined. INDIA. Assam, West Karbi Anglong, Panimur, Koka, on the edges of Ko- pili riverbed, 25°4409.91″ N, 92°4915.1″E, 81.59 m msl, 8 May 2017, J. Sarma s.n. (HBARC-00006395, 00006396, 00006397). CHINA. Yunnan, Lüchun, Huanglianshan, 24 October 1995, S. K. Wu et. al. 222 (KUN-0770434 im- age); Huanglianshan, 30 October 1995, S. K. Wu et. al. 789 (KUN-0770435 image); Hekou Yao Autonomous County, 23 May 1953, K. H. Cai 1119 (PE-00737441 im- age); Kafang, 25 May 1953, K. H. Cai 1156 (IBSC- 0443331 image).
Shrub, usually 60–70 cm tall. Stems glabrous, sparsely branched. Leaves opposite; petiole 0.5– 1.6 cm long, glabrous; blade lanceolate to narrow- ly oblanceolate, 5.5–15 × 0.6–2 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, base attenuate, apex acute to long acuminate; lateral veins 10–15 pairs; stipules in- terpetiolar, persistent, basally united around the stem, triangular to broadly ovate, 3–4 × 2.9–3.3 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially villous with brown colleters, apex acute or aristate, arista usu- ally 2.5–3 mm long. Inflorescences terminal, subsessile to short pedunculate, corymbiform to
congested cymose, ca. 6.5 × 5 cm; peduncle gla- brous, terete, to 1.3 cm long, 1.8–2.2 mm in diam.; bracts narrowly lanceolate, ca. 6 × 0.6 mm, base occasionally 1 or 2 dentate, apex acu- minate. Flowers sessile to short pedicellate; pedi- cels up to 3 mm long. Calyx glabrous, turbinate; hypanthium obconical to slightly cupuliform, 1.7–2 mm long and ca. 1.7 mm wide at mouth; limb deeply 4-lobed; lobes linear-lanceolate, 3–4 × 0.7–1 mm, apex subacute to acute. Corolla white; tube 20–35 mm long, slightly dilated up- wards, 1.0–1.5 mm in diam., white bearded at throat; lobes 4, narrowly elliptic-oblong, 7.5–8.2 × 3.0–3.5 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens 4, exserted, alternate to corolla lobes; anthers dorsifixed near base, oblong, 4.2–4.6 × 0.8–1 mm, base slightly cordate, apex acute; filament 1.3–1.5 mm long, glabrous, basally adnate to throat of corolla tube. Ovary glabrous, 2-locular, 1.4–1.6 mm in diam.; style ca. 36 mm long, exserted from corolla tube; stigma slightly fusiform, apex bilobed, lobes un- equal, ca. 2.2 mm long. Fruits and seeds not seen.
Flowering. April–May.
Ecology and Habitat. Ixora yunnanensis is a rheophyte among rocks at the edges of rivers 80–
Fig. 2. Distribution map of Ixora yunnanensis Hutch. Square () indicates previously known localities; solid circle () indi- cates currently reported locality. Map was created with SimpleMappr, http://www.simplemappr.net (Shorthouse 2010).
60 Vol. 70Acta Phytotax. Geobot.
102 m above sea level in Koka, Assam, India, where it grows near fast flowing water. The leaves of Ixora yunnanensis shows typical characteris- tics of a rheophyte; short petiole, glabrous and narrow leaf blades with entire margins. Associ- ated rheophytes are Syzygium cyanophyllum, S. polypetalum (Myrtaceae), Carissa sp. (Apocyna- ceae), Eriobotrya angustissima (Rosaceae), Pa- vetta sp. and Tarenna pumila (Rubiaceae).
Distribution. India (Assam: West Karbi An- glong-Koka, present record), China (Yunnan: Along Red River Banks, Hsin-Kei (XinKai), Manpan, Lüchun, Mt. Huanglianshan, Hekou Yao Autonomous County, Kafang, Xishuangban- na, Mengla) (Hutchinson 1916, CVH 2018) (Fig. 2).
Taxonomic note. Ixora yunnanensis can be easily distinguished from other species of Ixora by its extremely narrow oblanceolate leaves and longer calyx lobes. It is similar to I. subsessilis Wall. ex G. Don of India, China and Thailand in having subsessile inflorescences, but I. subsessi- lis is distinct from I. yunnanensis in having ellip- tic-lanceolate leaves up to 8.3 cm wide, shorter triangular calyx lobes up to 2 mm long and a gla- brous corolla tube. Moreover, I. subsessilis is more vigorous than I. yunnanensis. Ixora subses- silis usually grows on hill slopes between 60 and 1,800 m above sea level and is either a shrub or a small tree up to 2.4 m tall (Husain & Paul 1989). Ixora yunnanensis in India varies slightly from the plants in China in having only opposite leaves that are slightly shorter and narrower, i.e. up to 15 cm long and 2 cm wide. The leaves of Chinese plants are sometimes ternate and up to 22 cm long and 4 cm wide (Chen & Taylor 2011).
We thank the Assam Forest Department for allowing us to use their resources during extensive field exploration, especially in remote areas. We extend our sincere thanks to Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council Authority and Hamren Territorial Division for providing logistical sup- port during fieldwork. We express our heartiest thanks to the officers and staff of the Southern Range Kheroni, Hamren Territorial Division, for their continuous assis- tance in frequent field explorations. Finally, yet impor-
tantly, we are indebted to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript.
References
Balan, A. P. & H. Shanmugam. 2016. Ixora predeepii, a new species of Rubiaceae from southern Western Ghats, India. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 23: 65–69.
Barbhuiya, H. A., B. K. Dutta, A. K. Das & A. K. Baishya. 2012. Ixora rangonensis Bremek. (Rubiaceae): A new record for India. Taiwania 57: 413–417.
Bremekamp, C. E. B. 1937. The Ixora species of Burma and Andaman Islands. J. Bot. 75: 108–111, 169–175, 260–266, 295–298, 318–326.
Bremekamp, C. E. B. 1938. The Ixora species of Burma and Andaman Islands. – Additions and Emendations. J. Bot. 76: 330–336.
Bremekamp, C. E. B. 1959. New Ixora species from Ben- gal, Burma and the Nicobar Islands. Indian Forester 85: 371–375.
Chen, T. & C. M. Taylor. 2011. Ixora Linnaeus. In: Wu, Z. Y., P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, (eds.), Flora of China, vol. 19, pp. 177–182. Science Press, Beijing, and Mis- souri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Chowdhury, S. 2005. Assam’s Flora (Present Status of Vascular Plants). Assam Science Technology and En- vironment Council, Guwahati.
CVH, 2018. Chinese Virtual Herbarium. Institute of Bot- any, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. <http://www.cvh.org.cn.> [Accessed Aug. 04, 2018].
Davis, A. P., R. Govaerts, D. M. Bridson, M. Ruhsam, J. Moat & N. A. Brummitt. 2009. Global assessment of distribution, diversity, endemism, and taxonomic ef- fort in the Rubiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96: 68–78.
Deb, D. B. & R. C. Rout. 1992a. Two New Species of Ixo- ra (Rubiaceae subfam. Ixoroideae) from India and Burma. Kew Bull. 47: 295–300.
Deb, D.B. & R.C. Rout. 1992b. A new species of Ixora from Burma. Edinburgh J. Bot. 49: 95–97.
De Block, P. 1998. The African species of Ixora (Rubia- ceae-Pavetteae). Opera Bot. Belg. 9: 1–218.
De Block, P. 2014. Eight new species of Ixora (Ixoreae– Rubiaceae) from Madagascar. Pl. Ecol. Evol. 147: 237–255.
Hooker, J. D. 1880. Flora of British India, vol. 3. L. Reeve & Co., London.
Husain, T. & S. R. Paul. 1986. Two new species of Ixora L. (Rubiaceae) from India. Candollea 41: 87–93.
Husain, T. & S. R. Paul. 1989. Taxonomic studies on In- dian species of genus Ixora L. (Rubiaceae). J. Econ. Tax. Bot. Additional Series 6. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India.
February 2019 61sarMa & al–First record of lxora in lndia
Husain, T. & S. R. Paul. 1991. Ixora manantoddii, a new species of Ixora L. (Rubiaceae–Pavetteae) from In- dia. Bull. Jard. Bot. Belg. 61: 15–19.
Hutchinson, J. 1916. Rubiaceae. In: Sargent, C. S. (ed.), Plantae Wilsonianae an enumeration of the woody plants collected in Western China for the Arnold Ar- boretum of Harvard University during the years 1907, 1908 and 1910 by E. H. Wilson, vol. 3, pp. 390–417. The University Press, Cambridge.
Karthigeyan, K. & W. Arisdason. 2015. Ixora longibrac- teata Bremek. (Rubiaceae), an addition to flora of In- dia with notes on its status and distribution. Taiwania 60: 9598.
Murugan, C. & S. Prabhu. 2014. Ixora chakraborteyi Murugan & Prabhu sp. nov. (Rubiaceae)-a new spe- cies from Bay Islands, India. Indian J. Forest. 37:
303–306. Pradeep, A. K. 1997. Ixora sivarajiana, a new species of
Rubiaceae from India. Nord. J. Bot. 17: 315–317. Shorthouse, D. P. 2010. SimpleMappr, an online tool to
produce publication-quality point maps. < http:// www.simplemappr.net.> [accessed Jul. 16, 2018].
Sivadasan, M. & N. Mohanan. 1991. Ixora agasthyama- layana, a new species of Rubiaceae from India. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 32: 313–316.
van Steenis, C. G. G. J. 1981. Rheophytes of the world: an account of the flood-resistant flowering plants and ferns and the theory of autonomous evolution. Si- jthoff & Noordhoff, Maryland.
van Steenis, C. G. G. J. 1987. Rheophytes of the world: supplement. Allertonia 4: 267–330
Received July 17, 2018; accepted August 22, 2018