first 10 cases- commrev

7/25/2019 First 10 Cases- Commrev

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EVER ELECTRICAL

MANUFACTURING, INC.,

(EEMI) and VICENTE GO,

Petitioners,

- versus -

SAMAHANG MANGGAGAWA

NG EVER ELECTRICAL/

NAMAWU LOCAL 224

repreen!ed "# FELIMON

$ANGANI%AN,

G.R. N&. '4*

Present:

PERALTA,J., Acting Chairperson,

ABAD,

VILLARAMA, JR.,

MENDOZA, and

PERLA-BERNABE,JJ.


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Res!ondents. Pro"u#$ated:

June %&, '(%'

) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------)

+ E C I S I O N

MEN+OA,J.-

T*is !etition +or revie on ertiorari%under Ru#e / o+ t*e %001 Ru#es

o+ 2ivi# Proedure assai#s t*e Au$ust &%, '(%( Deision'and t*e Dee"3er

%4, '(%( Reso#ution&o+ t*e 2ourt o+ A!!ea#s (CA)in 2A-5.R. P No. %(6016.

%

'

&


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Petitioner Ever E#etria# Manu+aturin$, In. (EEMI) is a or!oration

en$a$ed in t*e 3usiness o+ "anu+aturin$ e#etria# !arts and su!!#ies. On

t*e ot*er *and, t*e res!ondents are "e"3ers o+ a"a*an$ Man$$a$aa n$

Ever E#etria#7NAMA89 Loa# '' (respondents) *eaded 3 ;e#i"on

Pan$ani3an.

T*e ontrovers started *en EEMI #osed its 3usiness o!erations on

Oto3er %%, '((4 resu#tin$ in t*e ter"ination o+ t*e servies o+ its

e"!#oees. A$$rieved, res!ondents in$

2or!oration (Orient Bank)t*e su" o+ P/((,(((,(((.(( and durin$ t*e Asian

2urren rises, various eono"ies in t*e out* East Asian Re$ion ere *urt

3ad#. EEMI as one o+ t*ose *o su?ered *u$e #osses. In Nove"3er %004, it

o3tained a #oan in t*e a"ount o+ P%'%,((,(((.(( +ro" 9nited 2oonut

P#anters Ban> (UCPB). As seurit +or t*e #oan, EEMIs #and and its

i"!rove"ents, in#udin$ t*e +ator, ere "ort$a$ed to 92PB.

EEMIs 3usiness su?ered +urt*er #osses due to t*e ontinued entr o+

*ea!er $oods +ro" 2*ina and ot*er Asian ountries. Addin$ to EEMIs

*ere "ost o+ its resoures


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ere invested. As a resu#t, EEMI as not a3#e to "eet its #oan o3#i$ations

it* 92PB.

In an atte"!t to save t*e o"!an, EEMI entered into a dacion en

pagoarran$e"ent it* 92PB *i*, in e?et, trans+erred oners*i! o+ t*e

o"!ans !ro!ert to 92PB as re@eted in T2T No. '0%/0. Ori$ina##, EEMI

anted to #ease t*e !re"ises to ontinue its 3usiness o!eration 3ut under92PBs !o#i, a !revious de3tor *o +ai#ed to sett#e its #oan o3#i$ation as

not e#i$i3#e to #ease its a=uired assets. T*us, 92PB a$reed to #ease it to an

a#iate or!oration, E5O E#etria# u!!# 2o, In. (EGO), +or and in 3e*a#+ o+

EEMI. On ;e3ruar ', '((', a #ease a$ree"ent as entered into 3eteen

92PB and E5O.T*e said #ease a"e to a *a#t *en 92PB instituted an

un#a+u# detainer suit a$ainst E5O 3e+ore t*e Metro!o#itan Tria# 2ourt,

Bran* /, Ma>ati 2it (MeTC)do>eted as 2ivi# 2ase No. 664('. On Au$ust

%%, '((4, t*e MeT2 ru#ed in +avor o+ 92PB and ordered E5O to vaate t*e

#eased !re"ises and !a renta#s to 92PB in t*e a"ount o+ P'%,1&,6&.4/./

On e!te"3er %0, '((4, a rit o+ e)eution as issued. 42onse=uent#, on

Oto3er %%, '((4, t*e *eri? i"!#e"ented t*e rit 3 #osin$ t*e !re"ises

and, as a resu#t, EEMIs e"!#oees ere !revented +ro" enterin$ t*e +ator.

/

4


5/179

On A!ri# '/, '((1, t*e La3or Ar3iter (A)ru#ed t*at res!ondents ere

not i##e$a## dis"issed. It, *oever, ordered EEMI and its President, Viente

5o (Go), to !a t*eir e"!#oees se!aration !a and %&t* "ont* !a

res!etive#.1T*e dereta# !ortion o+ t*e LA deision, reads:

2ON;ORMABL 8ITC TCE ;ORE5OIN5, Jud$"ent is *ere3

rendered orderin$ t*e res!ondents in so#idu" to !a t*e

o"!#ainants t*eir se!aration !a, %&t*"ont* !a o+ t*e t*ree

F&G or>ers and t*e 3a#ane o+ t*eir %& t*"ont* !a as o"!uted

*i* o"!utation is "ade a !art o+ t*is dis!osition.

On e!te"3er %/, '((6, t*e NLR2 reversed and set aside t*e deision

o+ t*e LA. T*e NLR2 dis"issed t*e o"!#aint +or #a> o+ "erit and ru#ed t*at

sine EEMIs essation o+ 3usiness o!eration as due to serious 3usiness

#osses, t*e e"!#oees ere not entit#ed to se!aration !a.6

Res!ondents "oved +or reonsideration o+ t*e NLR2 deision, 3ut t*e

NLR2 denied t*e "otion in its Mar* '&, '((0 Reso#ution.0

1

6

0


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9n!ertur3ed, res!ondents e#evated t*e ase 3e+ore t*e 2A !ia a

!etition +or ertiorari under Ru#e 4/.%(

On Au$ust &%, '(%(, t*e 2A $ranted t*e !etition.%% It nu##i


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EEMI and 5o


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Art. '6&. C%os#re o& esta'%ishent and red#ction o&

personne%. T*e e"!#oer "a a#so ter"inate t*e e"!#o"ent o+

an e"!#oee due to t*e insta##ation o+ #a3or savin$ devies,

redundan, retren*"ent to !revent #osses or t*e #osin$ or

essation o+ o!eration o+ t*e esta3#is*"ent or underta>in$

un#ess t*e #osin$ is +or t*e !ur!ose o+ iru"ventin$ t*e

!rovisions o+ t*is Tit#e, 3 servin$ a ritten notie on t*e or>ers

and t*e Ministr o+ La3or and E"!#o"ent at #east one F%G "ont*

3e+ore t*e intended date t*ereo+. In ase o+ ter"ination due to

t*e insta##ation o+ #a3or savin$ devies or redundan, t*e or>era?eted t*ere3 s*a## 3e entit#ed to a se!aration !a e=uiva#ent

to at #east *is one F%G "ont* !a or to at #east one F%G "ont* !a

+or ever ear o+ servie, *i*ever is *i$*er. In ase o+

retren*"ent to !revent #osses and in ases o+ #osures or

essation o+ o!erations o+ esta3#is*"ent or under ta>in$ not due

to serious 3usiness #osses or due to #osures t*at are not due to 3usiness inso#ven

s*ou#d 3e !aid se!aration !a e=uiva#ent to one-"ont* !a or to at #east


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one-*a#+ "ont* !a +or ever ear o+ servie, *i*ever is *i$*er. A +ration

o+ at #east si) "ont*s s*a## 3e onsidered one *o#e ear.

A#t*ou$* 3usiness reverses or #osses are reo$nied 3 #a as an

aut*oried ause, it is sti## essentia# t*at t*e a##e$ed #osses in t*e 3usiness

o!erations 3e !roven onvinin$# ot*erise, t*is $round +or ter"ination o+

e"!#o"ent ou#d 3e suse!ti3#e to a3use 3 onnivin$ e"!#oers, *o

"i$*t 3e "ere# +ei$nin$ 3usiness #osses or reverses in t*eir 3usiness

ventures in order to ease out e"!#oees.%4

In t*is ase, EEMI +ai#ed to esta3#is* t*at t*e "ain reason +or its #osure

as 3usiness reverses. As a!t# o3served 3 t*e 2A, t*e essation o+ EEMIs

3usiness as not diret# 3rou$*t a3out 3 serious 3usiness #osses or


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"a 3e re#ated. Mere oners*i! 3 a sin$#e sto>*o#der or 3 anot*er

or!oration o+ a## or near# a## o+ t*e a!ita# sto> o+ a or!oration is not o+

itse#+ suient $round +or disre$ardin$ t*e se!arate or!orate !ersona#it.%1

T*e LA as o+ t*e vie t*at 5o, as President o+ t*e or!oration,

ative# !artii!ated in t*e "ana$e"ent o+ EEMIs or!orate o3#i$ations, and,

aordin$#, rendered Hud$"ent orderin$ EEMI and 5o in so#idu" to !a t*e

o"!#ainants%6t*eir due. Ce e)!#ained t*at res!ondent 5os ne$#i$ene in

not !ain$ t*e #ease renta# o+ t*e !#ant in 3e*a#+ o+ t*e #essee E5O E#etria#

u!!#, In., *ere EEMI as o!eratin$ and rei"3urse e)!enses o+ 92PB +or

rea# estate ta)es and t*e #i>e, !ro"!ted t*e 3an> to


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A stud o+ "esta#rante as Conchas ase, *oever, 3ares t*at it as

an a!!#iation o+ t*e e)e!tion rat*er t*an t*e $enera# ru#e. As stated in t*e

said ase, as a ru#e, t*e oers and "e"3ers o+ a or!oration are not

!ersona## #ia3#e +or ats done in t*e !er+or"ane o+ t*eir duties.'&T*e 2ourt

t*erein e)!#ained t*at it a!!#ied t*e e)e!tion 3eause o+ t*e !eu#iar

iru"stanes o+ t*e ase. I+ t*e ru#e ou#d 3e a!!#ied, t*e e"!#oees ou#d

end u! in an e"!t vitor 3eause as t*e restaurant *ad 3een #osed +or

#a> o+ venue, t*ere ou#d 3e no one to !a its #ia3i#it as t*e res!ondents

t*erein #ai"ed t*at t*e restaurant as oned 3 a di?erent entit, not a

!art in t*e ase.'

In to su3se=uent ases, t*e 2ourts ru#in$ in "esta#rante as Conchas

as invo>ed 3ut t*e 2ourt re+used to onsider it reasonin$ out t*at it as t*e

e)e!tion rat*er t*an t*e ru#e. T*e to ases ere Manda#e ingho*

is# +o#se, Co., Inc. andor +enr$ U$tengs# !. -ationa% a'or "e%ations

Coission/

and Pantranco Ep%o$ees Association (PEA0PTG1O) !.-ationa% a'or "e%ations Coission.'4

In Manda#e ingho* is# +o#se, Co., Inc., t*e 2ourt de#ined to

a!!# t*e ru#in$ in "esta#rante as Conchas3eause t*ere as no evidene

t*at t*e res!ondent t*erein, Cenr 9tren$su, ated in 3ad +ait* or in e)ess

'&

'

'/

'4


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o+ *is aut*orit. It stressed t*at a or!oration is invested 3 #a it* a

!ersona#it se!arate and distint +ro" t*ose o+ t*e !ersons o"!osin$ it as

e## as +ro" t*at o+ an ot*er #e$a# entit to *i* it "a 3e re#ated. ;or said

reason, t*e dotrine o+ !ierin$ t*e vei# o+ or!orate


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T*is re#iane +ai#s to !ersuade. 8e e a or!orate

oer !ersona## #ia3#e +or t*e de3ts o+ t*e or!oration. It addedt*at t*e $overnin$ #a on !ersona# #ia3i#it o+ diretors or oers

+or de3ts o+ t*e or!oration is sti## etion &% o+ t*e 2or!oration

2ode.


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More i"!ortant#, as a!t# o3served 3 t*is 2ourt in AC

"anso, it a!!ears t*at Ranso", +oreseein$ t*e !ossi3i#it or

!ro3a3i#it o+ !a"ent o+ 3a>a$es to its e"!#oees, or$anied

Rosario to re!#ae Ranso", it* t*e #atter to 3e eventua##

!*ased out i+ t*e stri>ers in t*eir ase. T*e e)eution ou#d not

3e i"!#e"ented a$ainst Ranso" 3eause o+ t*e dis!osition

!ost*aste o+ its #evia3#e assets evident# in order to evade its Hust

and due o3#i$ations. Cene, t*e 2ourt sustained t*e !ierin$ o+

t*e or!orate vei# and "ade t*e oers o+ Ranso" !ersona##

#ia3#e +or t*e de3ts o+ t*e #atter.

2#ear#, *at an 3e in+erred +ro" t*e ear#ier ases is t*att*e dotrine o+ !ierin$ t*e or!orate vei# a!!#ies on# in t*ree

F&G 3asi areas, na"e#: %G de+eat o+ !u3#i onveniene as *en

t*e or!orate


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i"i#ar#, in t*e ase at 3en*, t*e reords do not arrant an

a!!#iation o+ t*e e)e!tion. T*e ru#e, *i* re=uires t*e !resene o+ "a#ie

or 3ad +ait*, "ust sti## !revai#. In t*e reent ase o+ 1ensha 2pa Center

andor 4# 5hi Jie !. 6#ng,&( t*e 2ourt a3so#ved t*e or!orations !resident

+ro" #ia3i#it in t*e a3sene o+ 3ad +ait* or "a#ie. In t*e said ase, t*e 2ourt

stated:

In #a3or ases, or!orate diretors and oers "a 3e *e#d

so#idari# #ia3#e it* t*e or!oration +or t*e ter"ination o+

e"!#o"ent on# i+ done it* "a#ie or in 3ad +ait*.&%Bad +ait*

does not onnote 3ad Hud$"ent or ne$#i$ene it i"!orts a

dis*onest !ur!ose or so"e "ora# o3#i=uit and onsious doin$

o+ ron$ it "eans 3rea* o+ a >non dut t*rou$* so"e "otive

or interest or i## i## it !arta>es o+ t*e nature o+ +raud.&'

In t*e !resent ase, 5o "a *ave ated in 3e*a#+ o+ EEMI 3ut t*e

o"!ans +ai#ure to o!erate annot 3e e=uated to 3ad +ait*. 2essation o+

3usiness o!eration is 3rou$*t a3out 3 various auses #i>e "is"ana$e"ent,

#a> o+ de"and, ne$#i$ene, or #a> o+ 3usiness +oresi$*t. 9n#ess it an 3e

s*on t*at t*e #osure as de#i3erate, "a#iious and in 3ad +ait*, t*e 2ourt

"ust a!!# t*e $enera# ru#e t*at a or!oration *as, 3 #a, a !ersona#it

&(

&%

&'


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se!arate and distint +ro" t*at o+ its oners. As t*ere is no evidene t*at

5o, as EEMIs President, ated "a#iious# or in 3ad +ait* in *and#in$ t*eir

3usiness a?airs and in eventua## i"!#e"entin$ t*e #osure o+ its 3usiness,

*e annot 3e *e#d Hoint# and so#idari# #ia3#e it* EEMI.

WHEREFORE, t*e !etition is $ARTIALL; GRANTE+. T*e Au$ust &%,

'(%( Deision o+ t*e 2ourt o+ A!!ea#s is AFFIRME+ it* MO+IFICATION

t*at Viente 5o is not so#idari# #ia3#e it* Ever E#etria# Manu+aturin$, In.

SO OR+ERE+.

G.R. N&. ''''< Sep!e"er '=, 2='2

$AR> HOTEL, ?@ $LA;HOUSE %URGOS COR$., INC., and/&r GREGG

HAR%UTT, Genera3 Mana9er, ATT;. RO%ERTO ENRIUE, $reden!,

and %ILL $ERC;, Petitioners,

vs.

MANOLO SORIANO, LESTER GONALES, and ;OLAN+A %A+ILLA,

Res!ondents.

D E 2 I I O N

$ERALTA,J.:

Be+ore t*is 2ourt is a !etition +or revie on certiorari under Ru#e / o+ t*e

Ru#es o+ 2ourt see>in$ to set aside t*e Deision %and t*e Reso#ution'o+ t*e

2ourt o+ A!!ea#s F2AG in 2A-5.R. P No. 41144.
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T*e anteedents are as +o##os:

Petitioner Par> Cote#& is a or!oration en$a$ed in t*e *ote# 3usiness.

Petitioners 5re$$ Car3utt FCar3uttG and Bi## Per/FPerG are t*e 5enera#

Mana$er and oner, res!etive#, o+ Par> Cote#. Per, Car3utt and Att.

Ro3erto Enri=ue are a#so t*e oers and sto>*o#ders o+ Bur$os

2or!oration FBur$osG,4a sister o"!an o+ Par> Cote#.

Res!ondent Mano#o oriano ForianoG as *ired 3 Par> Cote# in Ju# %00( as

Maintenane E#etriian, and t*en trans+erred to Bur$os in %00'. Res!ondent

Lester 5ona#es F5ona#esG as e"!#oed 3 Bur$os as Door"an, and #ater

!ro"oted as u!ervisor. Res!ondent o#anda Badi##a FBadi##aG as a

3artender o+ JKs P#a*ouse o!erated 3 Bur$os.

In Oto3er o+ %001, oriano, 5ona#es and Badi##a1ere dis"issed +ro" or>

+or a##e$ed# stea#in$ o"!an !ro!erties. As a resu#t, res!ondents


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dis"issed +ro" or>. ;or *is !art, 5ona#es averred t*at *e as oered to

resi$n 3 Per and Car3utt in t*e !resene o+ t*eir $oons. Badi##a%(#ai"ed

t*at s*e as a#so +ored 3 Per and Car3utt to si$n a resi$nation #etter, 3ut

s*e re+used to do so 3eause s*e as innoent o+ t*e *ar$es a$ainst *er.

*e as nevert*e#ess dis"issed +ro" servie.

T*e t*ree F&G res!ondents averred t*at t*e never reeived t*e "e"oranda

ontainin$ t*eir a##e$ed vio#ation o+ o"!an ru#es and t*e ar$ued t*at

t*ese "e"oranda ere +a3riated to $ive a se"3#ane o+ ause to t*eir

ter"ination. oriano and 5ona#es +urt*er #ai"ed t*at t*e o"!#aint


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T*ousand Pesos FP %(,(((.((G !ursuant to Arti#e '66 o+ t*e

La3or 2ode, as a"ended, !aa3#e to t*e 2o""ission

. To !a t*e a"ount o+ One Cundred ;i+t T*ousand Pesos FP

%/(,(((.((G ea* to o"!#ainants 3 a o+ "ora# and

e)e"!#ar da"a$es, !#us ten !erent F%(G attorneKs +ees o+

t*e tota# aard, *ar$ea3#e to t*e res!ondents F!etitioners

*ereinG.

O ORDERED.%'

9nsatisa$es +ro" atua# dis"issa# to atua# reinstate"ent to !a

o"!#ainant oriano *is un!aid a$es +or seven F1G das in t*e

a"ount o+ P %,46(.((, *is


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. to !a t*e a"ount o+ P %/(,(((.((%/ea* to t*e o"!#ainants

3 a o+ "ora# and e)e"!#ar da"a$es, !#us ten !erent F%(G

attorneKs +ees o+ t*e tota# aard, *ar$ea3#e to t*e res!ondents

F!etitioners *ereinG.

O ORDERED.%4

Disontented it* t*e LAKs deision, !etitioners a$ain a!!ea#ed to t*e NLR2.

On ;e3ruar %, '((%, t*e NLR2 ar"ed t*e LAKs deision and dis"issed t*e

a!!ea# +or #a> o+ "erit.%1Petitioners Cote#, Per, and Car3utt o+ due

!roess and Hust ause. T*e 2A a#so +ound t*at !etitionersK !ri"ar o3Hetive
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21/179

in ter"inatin$ res!ondentsK e"!#o"ent as to su!!ress t*eir ri$*t to se#+-

or$aniation.

Petitioners


22/179

!etitioners are #ia3#e, *et*er Par> Cote#, Per and Car3utt are Hoint# and

severa## #ia3#e it* Bur$os +or t*e dis"issa# o+ res!ondents.

Par> Cote# ar$ued t*at it is not #ia3#e on t*e $round t*at res!ondents ere

not its e"!#oees. On t*e ot*er *and, Per and Car3utt ar$ued t*at t*e 2A

o""itted error in !ierin$ t*e or!orate vei# 3eteen t*e" and res!ondent

or!orations, t*ere3 "a>in$ t*e" a## so#idari# #ia3#e to t*e res!ondents.

To 3e$in it*, it is si$niin$. Res!ondents ere dis"issed it*out an Hust or

aut*oried ause and it*out 3ein$ $iven t*e o!!ortunit to 3e *eard and

de+end t*e"se#ves. T*e #a "andates t*at t*e 3urden o+ !rovin$ t*e va#idit

o+ t*e ter"ination o+ e"!#o"ent rests it* t*e e"!#oer. ;ai#ure to

dis*ar$e t*is evidentiar 3urden ou#d neessari# "ean t*at t*e dis"issa#
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as not Husti


24/179

dou"ents !resented 3 oriano, it a!!ears t*at orianoKs !aro##

!ass3oo>&% ontained it*draa#s and de!osits, "ade in %00%, and t*at

orianoKs !as#i!&'issued 3 Par> Cote# overed t*e !eriod +ro" e!te"3er

to Oto3er %00(. Cene, t*ese dou"ents "ere# s*o t*at oriano as

e"!#oed 3 Par> Cote# 3e+ore *e as trans+erred to Bur$os in %00'.

No*ere in t*ese dou"ents does it state t*at oriano ontinued to or> +or

Par> Cote# in %00' and onards. 2#ear# t*ere+ore, Par> Cote# annot 3e

"ade #ia3#e +or i##e$a# dis"issa# as it no #on$er *ad oriano in its e"!#o at

t*e ti"e *e as dis"issed +ro" or>.

As to *et*er Par> Cote# "a 3e *e#d so#idari# #ia3#e it* Bur$os, t*e 2ourt

ru#es t*at 3e+ore a or!oration an 3e *e#d aounta3#e +or t*e or!orate#ia3i#ities o+ anot*er, t*e vei# o+ or!orate +or +raud or i##e$a#it. T*is is t*e dotrine o+ !ierin$

t*e vei# o+ or!orate


25/179

!ersona#it o+ a or!oration, t*e ron$doin$ "ust 3e esta3#is*ed #ear# and

onvinin$#. It annot 3e !resu"ed.&1

In t*e ase at 3ar, res!ondents utter# +ai#ed to !rove 3 o"!etent evidene

t*at Par> Cote# as a "ere instru"enta#it, a$en, onduit or adHunt o+

Bur$os, or t*at its se!arate or!orate vei# *ad 3een used to over an +raud

or i##e$a#it o""itted 3 Bur$os a$ainst t*e res!ondents. Aordin$#, Par>

Cote# and Bur$os annot 3e onsidered as one and t*e sa"e entit, and Par>

Cote# annot 3e *e#d so#idar #ia3#e it* Bur$os.

Nonet*e#ess, a#t*ou$* t*e or!orate vei# 3eteen Par> Cote# and Bur$os

annot 3e !iered, it does not neessari# "ean t*at Per and Car3utt are

e)e"!t +ro" #ia3i#it toards res!ondents. Veri#, a or!oration, 3ein$ a

Huridia# entit, "a at on# t*rou$* its diretors, oers and e"!#oees.

O3#i$ations inurred 3 t*e", *i#e atin$ as or!orate a$ents, are not t*eir

!ersona# #ia3i#it 3ut t*e diret aounta3i#it o+ t*e or!oration t*e

re!resent.&6Coever, or!orate oers "a 3e dee"ed so#idari# #ia3#e it*

t*e or!oration +or t*e ter"ination o+ e"!#oees i+ t*e ated it* "a#ie or

3ad +ait*.&0In t*e !resent ase, t*e #oer tri3una#s unani"ous# +ound t*at

Per and Car3utt, in t*eir a!ait as or!orate oers o+ Bur$os, ated

"a#iious# in ter"inatin$ t*e servies o+ res!ondents it*out an va#id

$round and in order to su!!ress t*eir ri$*t to se#+-or$aniation.

etion &%(o+ t*e 2or!oration 2ode "a>es a diretor !ersona## #ia3#e +or

or!orate de3ts i+ *e i##+u## and >noin$# votes +or or assents to !atent#

un#a+u# ats o+ t*e or!oration. It a#so "a>es a diretor !ersona## #ia3#e i+

*e is $ui#t o+ $ross ne$#i$ene or 3ad +ait* in diretin$ t*e a?airs o+ t*e

or!oration.78*phi7T*us, Per and Car3utt, *avin$ ated in 3ad +ait* in

diretin$ t*e a?airs o+ Bur$os, are Hoint# and severa## #ia3#e it* t*e #atter

+or res!ondentsK dis"issa#.
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In ases *en an e"!#oee is unHust# dis"issed +ro" or>, *e s*a## 3e

entit#ed to reinstate"ent it*out #oss o+ seniorit ri$*ts and ot*er !rivi#e$es,

in#usive o+ a##oanes, and ot*er 3enea$es, in#usive o+ a##oanes, and ot*er 3eneeise !ro!er. AttorneKs +ees "a #i>eise 3e

aarded to res!ondents *o ere i##e$a## dis"issed in 3ad +ait* and ere

o"!e##ed to #iti$ate or inur e)!enses to !rotet t*eir ri$*ts 3 reason o+

t*e o!!ressive ats1 o+ !etitioners. T*e unHusti


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o3vious# o"!e##ed res!ondents to institute an ation !ri"ari# to !rotet

t*eir ri$*ts and interests *i* arrants t*e $rantin$ o+ t*e aard.

WHEREFORE, t*e Deision and Reso#ution o+ t*e 2ourt o+ A!!ea#s in 2A-5.R.

P No. 41144, dated Januar ', '((/ and Januar %&, '((4, res!etive#,

are AFFIRME+ it* t*e +o##oin$ MO+IFICATIONS- FaG Petitioner Par> Cote#

is e)onerated +ro" an #ia3i#it to res!ondents and F3G T*e aard o+

reinstate"ent is de#eted, and in #ieu t*ereo+, res!ondents are aarded

se!aration !a.

T*e ase is REMAN+E+ to t*e La3or Ar3iter +or t*e !ur!ose o+ o"!utin$

res!ondentsK +u## 3a>a$es, in#usive o+ a##oanes, and ot*er 3ene


28/179

%AL+O, n er 0apa0!# a Adn!ra!&r, $3ppne O6erea

Ep3en! Adn!ra!&n ($OEA), and !e $HILI$$INE OVERSEAS

EM$LO;MENT A+MINISTRATION GOVERNING %OAR+, Petitioners,

vs.

HON. ?OSE G. $ANE+A, n 0apa0!# a !e $redn9 ?d9e &1

%ran0 22=, eD&n C!#, ASIAN RECRUITMENT COUNCIL $HILI$$INE

CHA$TER, INC. (ARCO$HIL), 1&r !e31 and n "ea31 &1 ! e"er-

WORL+CARE $HILI$$INES SERVIO INTERNATIONALE, INC.,

STEA+FAST INTERNATIONAL RECRUITMENT COR$., VER+ANT

MAN$OWER MO%ILIATION COR$., %RENT OVERSEAS $ERSONNEL,

INC., ARL MAN$OWER SERVICES, INC., +AHLEN INTERNATIONAL

SERVICES, INC., INTERWORL+ $LACEMENT CENTER, INC., LA>AS TAO

CONTRACT SERVICES LT+. CO., SSC MULTISERVICES, +M?

INTERNATIONAL, and MI$ INTERNATIONAL MAN$OWER SERVICES,

repreen!ed "# ! pr&pre!re, MARCELINA I. $AGSI%IGAN,

Res!ondents.

) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - )

G.R. N&. 'B*=

RE$U%LIC OF THE $HILI$$INES, repreen!ed "# !e HONORA%LE

EECUTIVE SECRETAR;, !e HONORA%LE SECRETAR; OF LA%OR AN+

EM$LO;MENT (+OLE), !e $HILI$$INE OVERSEAS EM$LO;MENT

A+MINISTRATION ($OEA), !e OVERSEAS WOR>ERS WELFARE

A+MINISTRATION (OWWA), !e LA%OR AR%ITERS OF THE NATIONAL

LA%OR RELATIONS COMMISSION (NLRC), !e HONORA%LE

SECRETAR; OF ?USTICE, !e HONORA%LE SECRETAR; OF FOREIGN

AFFAIRS and !e COMMISSION ON AU+IT (COA), Petitioners,

vs.

$HILI$$INE ASSOCIATION OF SERVICE E$ORTERS, INC. ($ ASEI),

Res!ondent.


29/179

) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - )

G.R. N&. 'ers and Overseas ;i#i!inos At o+ %00/ t*at, +or a"on$ ot*er !ur!oses,

sets t*e 5overn"ents !o#iies on overseas e"!#o"ent and esta3#is*es a


30/179

*i$*er standard o+ !rotetion and !ro"otion o+ t*e e#+are o+ "i$rant

or>ers, t*eir +a"i#ies, and overseas ;i#i!inos in distress.

5.R. %/'4' and 5.R. %/'1%(

F2onstitutiona#it o+ etions '0 and &(, R.A. 6('G

etions '0 and &( o+ t*e At%o""anded t*e De!art"ent o+ La3or and

E"!#o"ent FDOLEG to 3e$in dere$u#atin$ it*in one ear o+ its !assa$e t*e

3usiness o+ *and#in$ t*e reruit"ent and "i$ration o+ overseas ;i#i!ino

or>ers and !*ase out it*in i##s Deve#o!"ent Aut*orit FTEDAG eretar-5enera#

3e+ore t*e Re$iona# Tria# 2ourt FRT2G o+ ueon 2it, Bran* 04.'

a#a, et a#. sou$*t to: %G nu##i+ DOLE De!art"ent Order %( FDOLE DO %(G

and POEA Me"orandu" 2iru#ar %/ FPOEA M2 %/G 'G !ro*i3it t*e DOLE,

POEA, and TEDA +ro" i"!#e"entin$ t*e sa"e and +ro" +urt*er issuin$ ru#es

and re$u#ations t*at ou#d re$u#ate t*e reruit"ent and !#ae"ent o+

overseas ;i#i!ino or>ers FO;8sG and &G a#so enHoin t*e" to o"!# it* t*e

!o#i o+ dere$u#ation "andated under etions '0 and &( o+ Re!u3#i At

6('.

On Mar* '(, '((' t*e ueon 2it RT2 $ranted a#a, et a#.s !etition and

ordered t*e $overn"ent a$enies "entioned to dere$u#ate t*e reruit"ent

and !#ae"ent o+ O;8s.&T*e RT2 a#so annu##ed DOLE DO %(, POEA M2 %/,
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and a## ot*er orders, iru#ars and issuanes t*at are inonsistent it* t*e

!o#i o+ dere$u#ation under R.A. 6('.

Pro"!ted 3 t*e RT2s a3ove ations, t*e $overn"ent oia#s onerned

in$ to annu# t*e RT2s deision

and *ave t*e sa"e enHoined !endin$ ation on t*e !etition.

On A!ri# %1, '((' t*e P*i#i!!ine Assoiation o+ ervie E)!orters, In.

intervened in t*e ase 3e+ore t*e 2ourt, #ai"in$ t*at t*e RT2 Mar* '(,

'((' Deision $rave# a?eted t*e" sine it !ara#ed t*e de!#o"ent

a3road o+ O;8s and !er+or"in$ artists. T*e 2on+ederated Assoiation o+

Liensed Entertain"ent A$enies, Inor!orated F2ALEAG intervened +or t*e

sa"e !ur!ose.

On Ma '&, '((' t*e 2ourt/issued a TRO in t*e ase, enHoinin$ t*e ueon

2it RT2, Bran* 04, +ro" en+orin$ its deision.

In a !ara##e# ase, on ;e3ruar %', '((' res!ondents Asian Reruit"ent

2ouni# P*i#i!!ine 2*a!ter, In. and ot*ers FAro!*i#, et a#.G ers and to ease and desist

+ro" issuin$ ot*er orders, iru#ars, and !o#iies t*at tend to re$u#ate t*e

reruit"ent and !#ae"ent o+ O;8s in vio#ation o+ t*e !o#i o+ dere$u#ation

!rovided in etions '0 and &( o+ R.A. 6('.

On Mar* %', '((' t*e ueon 2it RT2 rendered an Order, $rantin$ t*e

!etition and enHoinin$ t*e $overn"ent a$enies invo#ved +ro" e)erisin$

re$u#ator +untions over t*e reruit"ent and !#ae"ent o+ O;8s. T*is

!ro"!ted t*e DOLE eretar, t*e POEA Ad"inistrator, and t*e TEDA
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Diretor-5enera# to non as t*e QMi$rant 8or>ers and Overseas ;i#i!inos At o+ %00/Q is *ere3

a"ended to read as +o##os:

F3.%G P*i#i!!ine Overseas E"!#o"ent Ad"inistration T*e Ad"inistration

s*a## re$u#ate !rivate setor !artii!ation in t*e reruit"ent and overseas

!#ae"ent o+ or>ers 3 settin$ u! a #iensin$ and re$istration sste". It

s*a## a#so +or"u#ate and i"!#e"ent, in oordination it* a!!ro!riate entities

onerned, *en neessar, a sste" +or !ro"otin$ and "onitorin$ t*e

overseas e"!#o"ent o+ ;i#i!ino or>ers ta>in$ into onsideration t*eir

e#+are and t*e do"esti "an!oer re=uire"ents.

In addition to its !oers and +untions, t*e ad"inistration s*a## in+or"

"i$rant or>ers not on# o+ t*eir ri$*ts as or>ers 3ut a#so o+ t*eir ri$*ts as

*u"an 3ein$s, instrut and $uide t*e or>ers *o to assert t*eir ri$*ts and

!rovide t*e avai#a3#e "e*anis" to redress vio#ation o+ t*eir ri$*ts.

In t*e reruit"ent and !#ae"ent o+ or>ers to servie t*e re=uire"ents +or

trained and o"!etent ;i#i!ino or>ers o+ +orei$n $overn"ents and t*eir

instru"enta#ities, and su* ot*er e"!#oers as !u3#i interests "a re=uire,

t*e ad"inistration s*a## de!#o on# to ountries *ere t*e P*i#i!!ines *as
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on#uded 3i#atera# #a3or a$ree"ents or arran$e"ents: Provided, T*at su*

ountries s*a## $uarantee to !rotet t*e ri$*ts o+ ;i#i!ino "i$rant or>ers

and: Provided, +urt*er, T*at su* ountries s*a## o3serve and7or o"!# it*

t*e internationa# #as and standards +or "i$rant or>ers.

E2. '. etion '0 o+ t*e sa"e #a is *ere3 re!ea#ed.

E2. &. etion &( o+ t*e sa"e #a is a#so *ere3 re!ea#ed.

) ) ) )

On Au$ust '(, '((0 res!ondents a#a, et a#. to#d t*e 2ourt in 5.R. %/'4'

t*at t*e a$ree0

it* t*e Re!u3#is vie t*at t*e re!ea# o+ etions '0 and&( o+ R.A. 6(' renders t*e issues t*e raised 3 t*eir ation "oot and

aade"i. T*e 2ourt *as no reason to disa$ree. 2onse=uent#, t*e to

ases, 5.R. %/'4' and %/'1%(, s*ou#d 3e dis"issed +or 3ein$ "oot and

aade"i.

5.R. %41/0(

F2onstitutiona#it o+ etions 4, 1, and 0 o+ R.A. 6('G

On Au$ust '%, %00/ res!ondent P*i#i!!ine Assoiation o+ ervie E)!orters,

In. FPAEIG


34/179

E2. 4. Deers and in#udes re+errin$, ontrat servies, !ro"isin$ or

advertisin$ +or e"!#o"ent a3road, *et*er +or !roen 3 a non-#iense or non-*o#der o+ aut*orit onte"!#ated under

Arti#e %&F+G o+ Presidentia# Deree No. ', as a"ended, ot*erise >non as

t*e La3or 2ode o+ t*e P*i#i!!ines: Provided, T*at su* non-#iense or non-

*o#der, *o, in an "anner, o?ers or !ro"ises +or a +ee e"!#o"ent a3road

to to or "ore !ersons s*a## 3e dee"ed so en$a$ed. It s*a## #i>eise in#ude

t*e +o##oin$ ats, *et*er o""itted 3 an !erson, *et*er a non-

#iensee, non-*o#der, #iensee or *o#der o+ aut*orit:

) ) ) )

E2. 1. Pena#ties.

FaG An !erson +ound $ui#t o+ i##e$a# reruit"ent s*a## su?er t*e

!ena#t o+ i"!rison"ent o+ not #ess t*an si) F4G ears and one

F%G da 3ut not "ore t*an te#ve F%'G ears and a


35/179

o?ense as o""itted or *ere t*e o?ended !art atua## resides at t*e

ti"e o+ t*e o""ission o+ t*e o?ense.

T*e RT2 o+ Mani#a de#ared etion 4 unonstitutiona# a+ter *earin$ on t*e

$round t*at its deersQ it*out t*e a!!ro!riate $overn"ent #iense or aut*orit are $ui#t

o+ i##e$a# reruit"ent *et*er or not t*e o""it t*e ron$+u# ats

enu"erated in t*at setion. On t*e ot*er *and, reruiters *o en$a$e in t*e

anvassin$, en#istin$, et. o+ O;8s, a#t*ou$* it* t*e a!!ro!riate

$overn"ent #iense or aut*orit, are $ui#t o+ i##e$a# reruit"ent on# i+ t*e

o""it an o+ t*e ron$+u# ats enu"erated in etion 4.

T*e Mani#a RT2 a#so de#ared etion 1 unonstitutiona# on t*e $round t*at

its see!in$ a!!#iation o+ t*e !ena#ties +ai#ed to "a>e an distintion as to

t*e seriousness o+ t*e at o""itted +or t*e a!!#iation o+ t*e !ena#t

i"!osed on su* vio#ation. As an e)a"!#e, said t*e tria# ourt, t*e "ere

+ai#ure to render a re!ort under etion 4F*G or o3strutin$ t*e ins!etion 3

t*e La3or De!art"ent under etion 4F$G are !ena#ied 3 i"!rison"ent +or

si) ears and one da and a "ini"u"


36/179

A!!arent#, t*e Mani#a RT2 did not a$ree t*at t*e #a an i"!ose su* $rave

!ena#ties u!on *at it 3e#ieved ere s!eiind o+ *oie. Nota3#, t*is #e$is#ative !o#i *as

3een +urt*er stressed in Ju# '(%( it* t*e enat"ent o+ R.A. %(('' %'*i*

inreased even "ore t*e duration o+ t*e !ena#ties o+ i"!rison"ent and t*e

a"ounts o+


37/179

ri"ina# ations at t*e !#ae o+ residene o+ t*e o?ended !arties vio#ates

t*eir ri$*t to due !roess. etion 0 !rovides:

E2. 0. Venue. A ri"ina# ation arisin$ +ro" i##e$a# reruit"ent as de


38/179

5.R. %6'016-10 and 5.R. %6'06-00 are onso#idated ases. Res!ondent

s!ouses i"!#iio and Mi#a 2uares"a Ft*e 2uares"asG ers 8e#+are Ad"inistration FO88AG. T*e LA a#so

$ave due redene to t*e


39/179

o3tainin$ Hustie +or t*eir dau$*ter. 2onse=uent#, t*e 2ourt *e#d t*e +orei$n

e"!#oer RaHa3 and i#si#a*, 8*ite ;a#on, Be"en, and t*e #atters

or!orate diretors and oers Hoint# and severa## #ia3#e to t*e 2uares"as

+or: %G P',/((,(((.(( as "ora# da"a$es 'G P',/((,(((.(( as e)e"!#ar

da"a$es &G attornes +ees o+ %( o+ t*e tota# "onetar aard and G ost

o+ suit.

On Ju# %4, '((0 t*e or!orate diretors and oers o+ Be"en, na"e#,

Eu+roina 5u"a3a, E#vira Ta$uia", Lourdes Boni+aio and Eddie De 5u"an

F5u"a3a, et a#.G


40/179

E2. %(. Mone 2#ai"s. ) ) )

T*e #ia3i#it o+ t*e !rini!a#7e"!#oer and t*e reruit"ent7!#ae"ent a$en

+or an and a## #ai"s under t*is setion s*a## 3e Hoint and severa#. T*is

!rovision s*a## 3e inor!orated in t*e ontrat +or overseas e"!#o"ent and

s*a## 3e a ondition !reedent +or its a!!rova#. T*e !er+or"ane 3ond to 3e

ers. I+ t*e reruit"ent7!#ae"ent a$en is a Huridia# 3ein$, t*e

or!orate oers and diretors and !artners as t*e ase "a 3e, s*a##

t*e"se#ves 3e Hoint# and so#idari# #ia3#e it* t*e or!oration or !artners*i!

+or t*e a+oresaid #ai"s and da"a$es. FE"!*asis su!!#iedG

But t*e 2ourt *as a#read *e#d, !endin$ adHudiation o+ t*is ase, t*at t*e

#ia3i#it o+ or!orate diretors and oers is not auto"ati. To "a>e t*e"

Hoint# and so#idari# #ia3#e it* t*eir o"!an, t*ere "ust 3e a


41/179

8CERE;ORE, in 5.R. %/'4' and %/'1%(, t*e 2ourt DIMIE t*e !etitions

+or *avin$ 3eo"e "oot and aade"i.78*phi7

In 5.R. %41/0(, t*e 2ourt ET AIDE t*e Deision o+ t*e Re$iona# Tria# 2ourt

o+Mani#a dated Dee"3er 6, '(( and DE2LARE etions 4, 1, and 0 o+

Re!u3#i At 6(' va#id and onstitutiona#.

In 5.R. %6'016-10 and 5.R. %6'06-00 as e## as in 5.R. %41/0(, t*e 2ourt

COLD t*e #ast sentene o+ t*e seond !ara$ra!* o+ etion %( o+ Re!u3#i

At 6(' va#id and onstitutiona#. T*e 2ourt, *oever, RE2ONIDER and

ET AIDE t*e !ortion o+ its Deision in 5.R. %6'016-10 and 5.R. %6'06-00

t*at *e#d intervenors Eu+roina 5u"a3a, E#vira Ta$uia", Lourdes Boni+aio,

and Eddie De 5u"an Hoint# and so#idari# #ia3#e it* res!ondent Be"en

ervies E)!orter and Pro"otion, In. to s!ouses i"!#iia and Mi#a

2uares"a +or #a> o+ a


42/179

CESAR S. TAN,

Res!ondents.

Pro"u#$ated:

Januar %6, '(%'

)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------)

+ECISION

RE;ES,J.-

T*is is a !etition +or revie under Ru#e / o+ t*e Ru#es o+ 2ourt +ro"

t*e Ma '0, '((6 Deision%o+ t*e Tentiet* Division o+ t*e 2ourt o+ A!!ea#s

F2AG in 2A-5.R. P No. ('%'1 entit#ed :Tioteo +. 2arona !. -ationa% a'or

"e%ations Coission, "o$a%e 2ec#rit$ Agenc$ (&orer%$ 2ceptre 2ec#rit$

Agenc$) and Cesar 2. Tan; FAssai#ed DeisionG, *i* ar"ed t*e Nationa#

La3or Re#ations 2o""issions FNLR2G Nove"3er &(, '((/ Deision and

Januar &%, '((4 Reso#ution, eise ar"ed t*e NLR2s


43/179

Nove"3er &(, '((/ and Januar &%, '((4 are *ere3 AFFIRME+

as to t*e "onetar aards.

SO OR+ERE+.'

Fa0!a3 An!e0eden!

On June '(, '((&, t*e !etitioner, *o as *ired 3 e!tre as a

seurit $uard so"eti"e in A!ri# %014, as as>ed 3 aren T*erese Tan

FarenG, e!tres O!eration Mana$er, to su3"it a resi$nation #etter as t*e

sa"e as su!!osed# re=uired +or a!!#in$ +or a !osition at Roa#e. T*e

!etitioner as a#so as>ed to s o+ 3ein$ in @oatin$ status, Roa#es eurit

Oer, Martin 5ono FMartinG, assi$ned t*e !etitioner at Ci$*#i$*t Meta# 2ra+t,

In. FCi$*#i$*t Meta#G +ro" Ju# '0, '((& to Au$ust 6, '((&. T*erea+ter, t*e!etitioner as trans+erred and assi$ned to 8ide 8ide 8or#d E)!ress, In.

F888E, In.G. Durin$ *is assi$n"ent at Ci$*#i$*t Meta#, t*e !etitioner used

t*e !at*es and a$en #ot*s o+ e!tre and it as on#

*en *e as !osted at 888E, In. t*at *e started usin$ t*ose o+ Roa#e.

On e!te"3er %1, '((&, t*e !etitioner as in+or"ed t*at *is

assi$n"ent at 888E, In. *ad 3een it*dran 3eause Roa#e *ad

a##e$ed# 3een re!#aed 3 anot*er seurit a$en. T*e !etitioner, *oever,

s*ort# disovered t*erea+ter t*at Roa#e as never re!#aed as 888E,

In.s seurit a$en. 8*en *e !#aed a a## at 888E, In., *e #earned t*at

*is +e##o seurit $uard as not re#ieved +ro" *is !ost./
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On e!te"3er '%, '((&, t*e !etitioner as one a$ain assi$ned at

Ci$*#i$*t Meta#, a#3eit +or a s*ort !eriod +ro" e!te"3er '', '((& to

e!te"3er &(, '((&. u3se=uent#, *en t*e !etitioner re!orted at Roa#es

oe on Oto3er %, '((&, Martin in+or"ed *i" t*at *e ou#d no #on$er 3e

$iven an assi$n"ent !er t*e instrutions o+ Aida a3a#ones-Tan FAidaG,

$enera# "ana$er o+ e!tre. T*is !ro"!ted *i" to


45/179

unequivocal acts, however, an interim

employment does not mean abandonment.

(Jardine Davis, nc. vs. !"#$, %%& '$#A &).

Un abandonment, there must be a

concurrence of the intention to abandon and

some overt acts from which an employee may

be declared as havin* no more interest to

wor+. ($. Alcontin 'ons, nc. vs. !"#$, %%-

'$#A /-).

Ut is clear, deliberate and un0usti1ed

refusal to severe employment and not mere

absence that is required to constitute

abandonment. x x x (De 2sasi vs. !"#$,

%3 '$#A 3).

Aside +ro" #a> o+ !roo+ s*oin$ t*at o"!#ainant *as

a3andoned *is e"!#o"ent, t*e reord ou#d s*o t*ati""ediate ation as ta>en in order to !rotest *is dis"issa# +ro"

e"!#o"ent. Ce


46/179

T*e res!ondents ere ordered to !a t*e !etitioner 3a>a$es, *i*

LA 5utierre o"!uted +ro" t*e da *e as dis"issed, or on Oto3er %,

'((&, u! to t*e !ro"u#$ation o+ *is Deision on Ma %%, '((/. In #ieu o+

reinstate"ent, t*e res!ondents ere ordered to !a t*e !etitioner

se!aration !a e=uiva#ent to *is one F%G "ont* sa#ar in onsideration o+ *is

tenure it* Roa#e, *i* #asted +or on# one F%G "ont* and t*ree F&G das.

In t*is

re$ard, LA 5utierre re+used to !iere Roa#es or!orate vei# +or !ur!oses o+

+atorin$ t*e !etitioners #en$t* o+ servie it* e!tre in t*e o"!utation o+

*is se!aration !a. LA 5utierre ru#ed t*at Roa#es or!orate !ersona#it,

*i* is se!arate and distint +ro" t*at o+ e!tre, a so#e !ro!rietors*i!

oned 3 t*e #ate Roso a3a#ones FRosoG and #ater, Aida, annot 3e !iered

a3sent #ear and onvinin$ evidene t*at e!tre and Roa#e s*are t*e

sa"e sto>*o#ders and inor!orators and t*at e!tre *as o"!#ete ontro#

and do"inion over t*e


47/179

a$ainst Roso T. a3a#ones. A+ter *is deat*, t*e #ai"s s*ou#d 3e

instituted a$ainst t*e estate o+ Roso T. a3a#ones. In s*ort, t*e

estate o+ t*e #ate Roso T. a3a#ones s*ou#d *ave 3een i"!#eaded

as res!ondent o+ t*is ase.

2o"!#ainant anted to i"!ress u!on us t*at e!tre as

or$anied into anot*er entit no a##ed Roa#e eurit A$en.

T*ere is *oever, no !roo+ to t*is assertion. Li>eise, t*ere is no

!roo+ t*at Roso T. a3a#ones, or$anied *is sin$#e !ro!rietors*i!

3usiness into a or!oration, Roa#e eurit A$en. On t*e

ontrar, t*e na"e o+ Roso T. a3a#ones does not a!!ear in t*e

Arti#es o+ Inor!oration. T*e na"es t*erein as inor!orators are:

Bruno M. uion P%/(,(((.((

8i#+redo . Tan %((,(((.((

aren T*erese . Tan %((,(((.((

2esar Antonio . Tan %((,(((.((

5a3et* Maria . Tan /(,(((.((

2o"!#ainant #ai"s t*at to F'G o+ t*e inor!orators are

t*e $randdau$*ters o+ Roso T. a3a#ones. T*is +at even $ive

FsiG us +urt*er reason to on#ude t*at res!ondent Roa# FsiG

eurit A$en is not an a#ter e$o or onduit o+ 2EPTRE. It is

o3vious t*at res!ondent Roa# FsiG eurit A$en is not oned

3 t*e oner o+ U2EPTRE.

It "a 3e true t*at t*e !#ae *ere res!ondent Roa#e *o#d

FsiG oe is t*e sa"e oe +or"er# used 3 U2EPTRE.

Li>eise, it "a 3e true t*at t*e sa"e oers and sta? no

e"!#oed 3 res!ondent Roa#e eurit A$en ere t*e sa"e

oers and sta? e"!#oed 3 U2EPTRE. 8e


48/179

t*at t*ese +ats are not suient to Husti+ to re=uire res!ondent

Roa#e to anser +or t*e #ia3i#it o+ e!tre, *i* as oned

so#e# 3 t*e #ate Roso T. a3a#ones. As e *ave stated a3ove,

t*e re"ed is to address t*e #ai" on t*e estate o+ Roso T.

a3a#ones.6

T*e res!ondents a!!ea#ed LA 5utierres Ma %%, '((/ Deision to t*e

NLR2, #ai"in$ t*at t*e


49/179

T*e NLR2 !artia## ar"ed LA 5utierres Ma %%, '((/ Deision. It

onurred it* t*e #atters a$es as #i"ited to t*ree F&G "ont*s o+ *is #ast "ont*#

sa#ar, onsiderin$ t*at *is e"!#o"ent it* Roa#e as on# +or a !eriod +or

one F%G "ont* and t*ree F&G das, t*us:%%

On t*e ot*er *and, *i#e o"!#ainant is entit#ed to 3a>a$es,

8e are aare t*at *is stint it* res!ondent Roa# FsiG #asted

on# +or one F%G "ont* and t*ree F&G das su* t*at it is Our

onsidered vie t*at *is 3a>a$es s*ou#d 3e #i"ited to on#

t*ree F&G "ont*s.

Ba>a$es:

P/,'((.(( ) & "ont*s W P%/,4((.((%'

T*e !etitioner, on t*e ot*er *and, did not a!!ea# LA 5utierres Ma %%,

'((/ Deision 3ut o!ted to raise t*e va#idit o+ LA 5utierres adverse


50/179

=uestion LA 5utierres Deision *en *e +ai#ed to


51/179

due, t*us, 3 not


52/179

FE2G and e!tre eurit A$en F*ereina+ter Ue!treG, a

sin$#e !ro!rietors*i!, are one and t*e sa"e entit.

Petitioner, *o *as 3een it* e!tre sine %014 and, as

ru#ed 3 3ot* t*e La3or Ar3iter and t*e NLR2, as i##e$a##

dis"issed 3 Roa#e on Oto3er %, '((&, a##e$ed t*at in order to

iru"vent #a3or #as, es!eia## to avoid !a"ent o+ "one

#ai"s and t*e onsideration on t*e #en$t* o+ servie o+ its

e"!#oees, Roa#e as esta3#is*ed as an a#ter e$o or 3usiness

onduit o+ e!tre. To !rove *is #ai", !etitioner de#ared t*at

Roa#e is ondutin$ 3usiness in t*e sa"e oe o+ e!tre, t*e

#atter 3ein$ oned 3 t*e #ate retired 5en. Roso a3a#ones, and

as "ana$ed 3 t*e #atters dau$*ter, Dr. Aida a3a#ones-Tan

t*at to o+ Roa#es inor!orators are $rand*i#dren o+ t*e #ate

5en. Roso a3a#ones t*at a## t*e !ro!erties o+ e!tre are no

oned 3 Roa#e, and t*at t*e oers and sta? o+ 3ot* 3usiness

esta3#is*"ents are t*e sa"e t*at t*e *eirs o+ 5en. a3a#ones

s*ou#d *ave a!!#ied +or disso#ution o+ e!tre 3e+ore t*e E2

3e+ore +or"in$ a ne or!oration.

On t*e ot*er *and, !rivate res!ondents de#ared t*at

Roa#e as inor!orated on# on Mar* %(, '((& as evidened 3

t*e 2erti


53/179

U'7$48! . B#rden o& proo&. = B#rden o&

proo& is the d#t$ o& a part$ to present e!idence on

the &acts in iss#e necessar$ to esta'%ish his c%ai or

de&ense '$ the ao#nt o& e!idence re>#ired '$ %a*.;

8e 3e#ieve t*at !etitioner did not dis*ar$e t*e re=uired

3urden o+ !roo+ to esta3#is* *is a##e$ations. As 8e see it,

!etitioners #ai" t*at Roa#e is an a#ter e$o or 3usiness onduit

o+ e!tre is it*out 3asis 3eause aside +ro" t*e +at t*at t*ere

is no o""on oners*i! o+ 3ot* Roa#e and e!tre, no

evidene on reord ou#d !rove t*at e!tre, "u* #ess t*e #ate

retired 5en. Roso a3a#ones or *is *eirs, *as ontro# or o"!#ete

do"ination o+ Roa#es a$es, #ai"in$ t*at t*e sa"e s*ou#d 3e o"!uted

+ro" t*e ti"e *e as i##e$a## dis"issed unti# t*e eise *ave t*is 2ourt revie and e)a"ine ane t*e

+atua# a##e$ations and t*e su!!ortin$ evidene to deter"ine i+ t*e 2A erred

in its re+usa# to !iere Roa#es or!orate "as> and ru#e t*at it is 3ut a "ere

ontinuation or suessor o+ e!tre. Aordin$ to t*e !etitioner, t*e

erroneous o"!utation o+ *is se!aration !a as due to t*e 2As +ai#ure, as

e## as t*e NLR2 and LA 5utierre, to onsider evidene on#usive#
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de"onstratin$ t*at Roa#e and e!tre are one and t*e sa"e Huridia# entit.

T*e !etitioner #ai"s t*at sine Roa#e is no "ore t*an e!tres a#ter e$o, it

s*ou#d reo$nie and redit *is #en$t* o+ servie it* e!tre.%6

T*e !etitioner #ai"ed t*at Roa#e and e!tre are not se!arate #e$a#

!ersons +or !ur!oses o+ o"!utin$ t*e a"ount o+ *is se!aration !a and

ot*er 3ene


55/179

distint or!orate !ersona#it s*ou#d 3e res!eted onsiderin$ t*at t*e

evidene !resented 3 t*e !etitioner +e## s*ort o+ esta3#is*in$ t*at Roa#e is

a "ere a#ter e$o o+ e!tre.

T*e !etitioner does not den t*at *e *as reeived t*e +u## a"ount o+

3a>a$es and se!aration !a as !rovided under t*e NLR2s Nove"3er &(,

'((/ Deision.&%Coever, *e #ai"s t*at t*is does not !re#ude t*is 2ourt

+ro" "odi+in$ a deision t*at is tainted it* $rave a3use o+ disretion or

issued it*out Hurisdition.&'

ISSUES

2onsiderin$ t*e on@itin$ su3"issions o+ t*e !arties, a Hudiious

deter"ination o+ t*eir res!etive ri$*ts and o3#i$ations re=uires t*is 2ourt to

reso#ve t*e +o##oin$ su3stantive issues:

a. 8*et*er Roa#es or!orate


56/179

!e CA re&3!&n &1 pe!!&n 1&r

certiorari, !e pe!!&ner n&!

"arred 1r& eJer0n9 r9! !&

e3e6a!e !e de0&n &1 !e CA !& !

C&r!.

Be+ore t*is 2ourt !roeeds to deide t*is Petition on its "erits, it is

i"!erative to reso#ve t*e res!ondents ontention t*at t*e +u## satis+ation o+

t*e aard under t*e NLR2s Nove"3er &(, '((/ Deision 3ars t*e !etitioner

+ro" =uestionin$ t*e va#idit t*ereo+. T*e res!ondents su3"it t*at t*e *ad

!aid t*e !etitioner t*e a"ount o+ P'%,/'%.41 as direted 3 t*e NLR2 and

t*is onstitutes a aiver o+ *is ri$*t to


57/179

i"!# !ut, t*e e)eution o+ t*e no#ed$"ent

Reei!t s*e si$ned *en s*e reeived !etitioners !a"ent as

it*out !reHudie to t*e


58/179

"andate, Ru#e / o+ t*e Ru#es o+ 2ourt !rovides t*e re"ed o+ an a!!ea# 3

certiorari +ro" deisions,


59/179

T*e =uestion o+ *et*er one or!oration is "ere# an a#ter e$o o+

anot*er is !ure# one o+ +at. o is t*e =uestion o+ *et*er a or!oration is a

!a!er o"!an, a s*a" or su3ter+u$e or *et*er t*e !etitioner addued t*e

re=uisite =uantu" o+ evidene arrantin$ t*e !ierin$ o+ t*e vei# o+ t*e

res!ondents or!orate !ersona#it.(

As a $enera# ru#e, t*is 2ourt is not a trier o+ +ats and a !etition +or

revie on certiorariunder Ru#e / o+ t*e Ru#es o+ 2ourt "ust e)#usive#

raise =uestions o+ #a. Moreover, i+ +atua# e don t*e


60/179

re6!ed "# !e appe33a!e 0&r! 1

0 ne0ear# 1&r a !

dp&!&n &1 !e 0ae.

As a3ove-stated, t*e NLR2 re+used to distur3 LA 5utierres denia# o+ t*e

!etitioners !#ea to !iere Roa#es or!orate vei# as t*e !etitioner did not

a!!ea# an !ortion o+ LA 5utierres Ma %%, '((/ Deision.

In t*is res!et, t*e NLR2 annot 3e aused o+ $rave a3use o+ disretion.

9nder etion FG, Ru#e VI o+ t*e NLR2 Ru#es, 't*e NLR2 s*a## #i"it itse#+ to

reviein$ and deidin$ on# t*e issues t*at ere e#evated on a!!ea#. T*e

NLR2, *i#e not tota## 3ound 3 te*nia# ru#es o+ !roedure, is not #iensed

to disre$ard and vio#ate t*e i"!#e"entin$ ru#es it i"!#e"ented.&

Nonet*e#ess, te*nia#ities s*ou#d not 3e a##oed to stand in t*e a o+

e=uita3# and o"!#ete# reso#vin$ t*e ri$*ts and o3#i$ations o+ t*e !arties.

Te*nia# ru#es are not 3indin$ in #a3or ases and are not to 3e a!!#ied

strit# i+ t*e resu#t ou#d 3e detri"enta# to t*e or>in$ "an.

T*is 2ourt"a *oose not to enu"3er itse#+ it* te*nia#ities and #i"itations

onse=uent to !roedura# ru#es i+ su* i## on# serve as a *indrane to its

dut to deide ases Hudiious# and in a "anner t*at ou#d !ut an end it*


61/179

and distint +ro" t*e !ersons o"!osin$ it, as e## as +ro" an ot*er #e$a#

entit to *i* it "a 3e re#ated. T*is is 3asi./

E=ua## e##-sett#ed is t*e !rini!#e t*at t*e or!orate "as> "a 3e

re"oved or t*e or!orate vei# !iered *en t*e or!oration is Hust an a#ter

e$o o+ a !erson or o+ anot*er or!oration. ;or reasons o+ !u3#i !o#i and in

t*e interest o+ Hustie, t*e or!orate vei# i## Husti


62/179

t*e

or!oration is so or$anied and ontro##ed and its a?airs are so onduted as

to "a>e it "ere# an instru"enta#it, a$en, onduit or adHunt o+ anot*er

or!oration.0

In t*is re$ard, t*is 2ourt


63/179

o!!ressive or "ani!u#ative ondut or evade !er+or"ane o+ #e$a#

o3#i$ations is !atent Roa#e annot *ide 3e*ind its or!orate in$ advanta$e o+ t*eir asendan

over t*e !etitioner and t*e #atters #a> o+ >no#ed$e o+ *is ri$*ts and t*e

onse=uenes o+ *is ations. ;urt*er"ore, t*at t*e !etitioner as "ade to

resi$n +ro" e!tre and a!!# it* Roa#e on# to 3e unere"onious#

ter"inated s*ort# t*erea+ter #eads to t*e ine#uta3#e on#usion t*at t*ere

as intent to vio#ate t*e !etitioners ri$*ts as an e"!#oee, !artiu#ar# *isri$*t to seurit o+ tenure. T*e res!ondents s*e"e ree>s o+ 3ad +ait* and

+raud and o"!assionate Hustie ditates t*at Roa#e and e!tre 3e "er$ed

as a sin$#e entit, o"!e##in$ Roa#e to redit and reo$nie t*e !etitioners

#en$t* o+ servie it* e!tre. T*e res!ondents annot use t*e #e$a#


64/179

o3#i$ations t*at t*e e=uita3#e !ierin$ dotrine as +or"u#ated to address

and !revent:

A sett#ed +or"u#ation o+ t*e dotrine o+ !ierin$ t*e or!orate

vei# is t*at *en to 3usiness enter!rises are oned, onduted

and ontro##ed 3 t*e sa"e !arties, 3ot* #a and e=uit i##,

*en neessar to !rotet t*e ri$*ts o+ t*ird !arties, disre$ard

t*e #e$a# s to !revent and re"ed./4

A#so, e!tre and Roa#e *ave t*e sa"e !rini!a# !#ae o+ 3usiness. As ear#

as Oto3er %, %00, Aida and 8i#+redo 3ea"e t*e oners o+ t*e !ro!ertused 3 e!tre as its !rini!a# !#ae o+ 3usiness 3 virtue o+ a Deed o+

A3so#ute a#e t*e e)euted it* Roso./1 Roa#e, s*ort# a+ter its

inor!oration, started to *o#d oe in t*e sa"e !ro!ert. T*ese, t*e

res!ondents +ai#ed to dis!ute.

T*e res!ondents do not #i>eise den t*at Roa#e and e!tre s*are

t*e sa"e oers and e"!#oees. aren assu"ed t*e dua# ro#e o+ e!tres

O!eration Mana$er and inor!orator o+ Roa#e. 8it* res!et to t*e

!etitioner, even i+ *e *as a#read resi$ned +ro" e!tre and *as 3een

e"!#oed 3 Roa#e, *e as sti## usin$ t*e !at*es and a$en #ot*s o+

e!tre durin$ *is assi$n"ent at Ci$*#i$*t Meta#.
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Roa#e a#so #ai"ed a ri$*t to t*e as* 3ond *i* t*e !etitioner

!osted *en *e as sti## it* e!tre. I+ e!tre and Roa#e are indeed

se!arate entities, e!tre s*ou#d *ave re#eased t*e !etitioners as* 3ond

*en *e resi$ned and Roa#e ou#d *ave re=uired t*e !etitioner to !ost a

ne as* 3ond in its +avor.

Ta>in$ t*e +ore$oin$ in onHuntion it* Aidas ontro# over e!tres

and Roa#es 3usiness a?airs, it is !atent t*at Roa#e as a "ere su3ter+u$e

+or Aida. ine a so#e !ro!rietors*i! does not *ave a se!arate and distint

!ersona#it +ro" t*at o+ t*e oner o+ t*e enter!rise, t*e #atter is !ersona##

#ia3#e. T*is is *at s*e sou$*t to avoid 3ut annot !ros!er.

E?etive#, t*e !etitioner annot 3e dee"ed to *ave *an$ed

e"!#oers as Roa#e and e!tre are one and t*e sa"e. Cis se!aration !a

s*ou#d, t*us, 3e o"!uted +ro" t*e date *e as *ired 3 e!tre in A!ri#

%014 unti# t*e


66/179

I! 7e33e!!3ed, e6en aJ&a!0,

!a! 1 ren!a!een! n&! p&"3e,

!e per&d 0&6ered n !e

0&p!a!&n &1 "a087a9e 1r&

!e !e !e ep3ee 7a

n3a7133# !erna!ed n!3 !e

5na3!# &1 !e de0&n 5ndn9 33e9a3

da3.

8it* res!et to t*e !etitioners 3a>a$es, t*is 2ourt annot su3sri3e to

t*e vie t*at it s*ou#d 3e #i"ited to an a"ount e=uiva#ent to t*ree F&G

"ont*s o+ *is sa#ar. Ba>a$es is a re"ed a?ordin$ t*e e"!#oee a a

to reover *at *e *as #ost 3 reason o+ t*e un#a+u# dis"issa#.4(In aardin$

3a>a$es, t*e !ri"ordia# onsideration is t*e ino"e t*at s*ou#d *ave

arued to t*e e"!#oee +ro" t*e ti"e t*at *e as dis"issed u! to *is

reinstate"ent4%and t*e #en$t* o+ servie !rior to *is dis"issa# is de


67/179

As to reinstate"ent o+ !etitioners, t*is 2ourt *as a#read ru#ed

t*at reinstate"ent is no #on$er +easi3#e, 3eause t*e o"!an

ou#d 3e adHust# !reHudied 3 t*e ontinued e"!#o"ent o+

!etitioners *o at !resent are overa$e, a se!aration !a e=ua#

to one-"ont* sa#ar $ranted to t*e" in t*e La3or Ar3iterKs

deision as in order and, t*ere+ore, ar"ed on t*e 2ourtKs

deision o+ %/ Mar* %004. Fr!er&re, n0e ren!a!een!

&n ! 0ae n& 3&n9er 1ea"3e, !e a&n! &1

"a087a9e a33 "e 0&p!ed 1r& !e !e &1 !er

33e9a3 !erna!&n &n 2* ?ne '= p !& !e !e &1

5na3!# &1 ! de0&n.4&(e"!*asis su!!#ied)

A +urt*er #ari


68/179

2#ear#, t*e #a intends t*e aard o+ 3a>a$es and si"i#ar

3enea$es s*a## 3e o"!uted +ro"

t*e ti"e o+ i##e$a# dis"issa# unti# t*e date t*e deision 3eo"es

a$es s*a## 3e o"!uted +ro" t*e ti"e o+ i##e$a# dis"issa# u! to t*e

in$.46

In a$es

to 3e o"!uted +ro" *is dis"issa# on Oto3er %, '((& unti# t*e


69/179

+raud, are in order. Mora# da"a$es "a 3e reovered *ere t*e dis"issa# o+

t*e e"!#oee as tainted 3 3ad +ait* or +raud, or *ere it onstituted an

at o!!ressive to #a3or, and done in a "anner ontrar to "ora#s, $ood

usto"s or !u3#i !o#i *i#e e)e"!#ar da"a$es are reovera3#e on# i+

t*e dis"issa# as done in a anton, o!!ressive, or "a#evo#ent "anner.40

WHEREFORE, !re"ises onsidered, t*e Petition is *ere3 GRANTE+.

8e REVERSEand SET ASI+Et*e 2As Ma '0, '((6 Deision in 2.A.-5.R.

P No. ('%'1 and order t*e res!ondents to !a t*e !etitioner t*e +o##oin$

"inus t*e a"ount o+ FP'&,/'%.41G !aid to t*e !etitioner in satis+ation o+ t*e

NLR2s Nove"3er &(, '((/ Deision in NLR2 2ase No. V-(((&//-(/:

aG +u## 3a>a$es and ot*er 3ene


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G.R. N&. 'BA+IL, FAU?IA SALIH, ANTONIO FA%IAN, ROMEL +ANAG,

GINA $ANTASAN, ARTHUR MATUGAS, VIRGILIA OSARIO, ORLAN+OE%RA+A, ROSANA CA%ATO, WILFRE+O LUNA, LILIA %ARRE+O, ISA%EL

AL%ERTO, NORA %ONIAO, $ILAR OSARIO, L;+IA ESLIT, AMMAN SALI,

A>MA+ A>IL, ROGELIO LAARO, ISA%EL CONCILLA+O, MARLON

A%IAL, HERMOCILLO NA$ALCRU, WALTER %UHIAN, ELISEO

AMATORIO, ?OSE CASTRO, ?AMIL LAG%A;, MA. EVEL;N SANTOS,

LE+ENIA T. %ARON, ELSA AMATORIO, SARAH F. %UCO;, E$E+ITO L.

RELU;A, ARNULFO ALFARO, E+GAR+O F. %ORGONIA, +ANILO R.MANINGO, A%+USAI+ H. +AM%ONG, LORIN+A M. MUTIA,

+OMINA+OR +EL ROSARIO, ?OEL E. TRONO, HUSSIN A. ?AWA?I, ?UL

ASNAM ?A>ARIA, LUVIMIN+A A. NOLASCO, VILMA G. GASCO,

MORITA S. MARMETO, $ROCESA ?UANICO, ANTONIO A. MON+RAGON,

?R., ?ESSICA F. UIACHON, $ACITA G. ME+INA, ARNEL S. SANTOS,

ANECITA T. TARAS, TOMIN+AO T. TARAS, NULCA C. SA%+ANI, A>MA+

A. SA%+ANI, ROWENA ?. GARCIA, LINA $. CASAS, MARL;N G.

FRANCISCO, MERCE+ITA MAUINANO, NICOLAS T. RIO, TERESITA A.

CASINAS, VIRGILIO F. I%I%, $ANTALEON S. RO?AS, ?R., EVEL;N V.

%EATINGO, MATIL+E G. HUSSIN, ES$ERANA I. LLE+O, A+OLFINA

+ELA MERCE+, LAURA E. SANTOS, ROGACIANA MAUILING, ALELIE

+. SAMSON, SHIRLE; L. ALVARE, MAG+ALENA A. MARCOS, VIRGINIA

S. ES$INOSA, ANTONIO C. GUEVARA, AUGUSTA S. +E ?ESUS,

SERVILLA A. %ANCALE, $ROSERFINA GATINAO, RASMA A. FA%RIGA,

ROLAN+O +. GATINAO, ANALISA G. MEKA, SARAH A. SALCE+O,

ALICIA M. ?A;AG, FERNAN+O G. CA%ERO;, ROMEO R. $ONCE, E+NA S.

$ONCE, TEO+ORA T. LU;, WAL+ERICO F. ARIKO, MELCHOR S. %UCO;,

E+ITA H. CINCO, RU+; I. LIM%AROC, $ETER MONTO?O, MARL;N S.

ATILANO, REGI+OR ME+ALLO, E+WIN O. +EMASUA;, +ENNIS M.


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SUICANO, ROSALINA . ATILANO, ESTRELLA FELICIANO, IMEL+A T.

+AGALEA, MARIL;N RUFINO, ?OSE AGUSTIN, EFREN RIVERA,

CRISAL+O VALERO, SAFIA HAN+ANG, LUCENA R. ME+INA, +ANN;

%O; %. $ANGASIAN, A%+URASA HASIL, ROEL ALTA, ?O%ERT %ELTRAN,

E+NA FAUSTO, TA?MAHAR HA+?ULA, ELENA MAGHANO;, ERIC %.

UITIOL, ?ESSE +. FLORES, GEMMA CANILLAS, ERNITO CANILLAS,

MARILOU ?AVIER, MARGANI MA++IN, RICHAR+ SENA, FE +. CANO;,

GEORGE SALU+, E+GAR+O %ORGONIA, ?R., ANTONIO ATILANO, ?OSE

CASTRO, and LI%ERATO %AGALANON, Petitioners,

vs.

MAR FISHING CO., INC., MIRAMAR FISHING CO., INC., RO%ERT %UEHS

AN+ ?EROME S$IT.Res!ondents.

D E 2 I I O N

SERENO,J.:

Be+ore t*is 2ourt is a Petition +or Revie on 2ertiorari under Ru#e / o+ t*e

Revised Ru#es o+ 2ourt, see>in$ a revie o+ t*e 2ourt o+ A!!ea#s F2AG %0

Mar* '(( and %' Ma '((/ Reso#utions in 2A-5.R. P NO. 6'4/%. T*ea!!e##ate ourt *ad dis"issed t*e Petition +or Revie on t*e $round t*at it

#a>ed a Veriers t*at t*e
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o"!an ou#d ease to o!erate 3 t*e end o+ t*e "ont*. &On '0 Oto3er

'((% or "ere# to das !rior to t*e "ont*s end, it noti and ed as ran> and ers.%(

T*e LA *e#d t*us:%%

8CERE;ORE, in vie o+ t*e +ore$oin$ onsiderations, Hud$"ent is *ere3

rendered in t*ese ases:

%. Orderin$ Mar ;is*in$ 2o"!an, In., t*rou$* its !resident,

treasurer, "ana$er or ot*er !ro!er oer or re!resentative, to

!a t*e o"!#ainants t*eir res!etive se!aration !a, as

o"!uted in !a$e %' to && *ereo+, a## tota#in$ IY MILLION
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TCREE C9NDRED TCIRT IY TCO9AND ;IVE C9NDRED EI5CT

EVEN X 117%(( PEO FP 4,&&4,/61.11G

'. Dis"issin$ t*ese ase si as a$ainst Mira"ar ;is*in$

2o"!an, In., as e## as a$ainst Ro3ert Bue*s and Jero"e !it,

+or #a> o+ ause o+ ation

&. Dis"issin$ a## ot*er *ar$es and #ai"s o+ t*e o"!#ainants,

+or #a> o+ "erit.

O ORDERED.

A$$rieved, !etitioners !ursued t*e ation 3e+ore t*e NLR2, *i* "odi

a$es to !etitioners +ro" t*e ti"e t*e ere ter"inated on &% Oto3er '((%

unti# t*e date *en t*e LA u!*e#d t*e va#idit o+ t*eir dis"issa# on &( Ju#

'(('.%&

Additiona##, t*e NLR2 !iered t*e vei# o+ or!orate


74/179

8CERE;ORE, +ore$oin$ !re"ises onsidered, t*e assai#ed reso#ution is

MODI;IED in t*at on# Mar ;is*in$ 2o"!an, In. t*rou$* its res!onsi3#e

oers, is ordered to !a o"!#ainants t*eir se!aration !a, and +u##

3a>a$es +ro" t*e date t*e ere ter"inated +ro" e"!#o"ent unti# &(

Ju# '((', su3Het to o"!utation durin$ e)eution sta$e o+ !roeedin$s at

t*e a!!ro!riate Re$iona# Ar3itration Bran*.

O ORDERED.

Des!ite t*e aard o+ se!aration !a and 3a> a$es, !etitioners


75/179

Be+ore t*is 2ourt, %' !etitioners raise t*e issue o+ *et*er t*e 2A $rave#

erred in dis"issin$ t*eir Petition +or Revie on t*e $round t*at t*eir !#eadin$

#a>ed a Veri


76/179

Coever, t*is 2ourt *as reo$nied t*at t*e "erit o+ a ase is a s!eia#

iru"stane or o"!e##in$ reason t*at Husti


77/179

sa"e entit, $iven t*e o""ona#it o+ t*eir diretors and t*e si"i#arit o+

t*eir 3usiness venture in tuna annin$ !#ant o!erations.&

At t*e +ore, t*e =uestion o+ *et*er one or!oration is "ere# an a#ter e$o o+

anot*er is !ure# one o+ +at $enera## 3eond t*e Hurisdition o+ t*is 2ourt.&/

In an ase, $iven on# t*ese 3are reiterations, t*is 2ourt sustains t*e ru#in$

o+ t*e LA as ar"ed 3 t*e NLR2 t*at Mira"ar and Mar ;is*in$ are se!arate

and distint entities, 3ased on t*e "ar>ed di?erenes in t*eir sto>

oners*i!.&4A#so, t*e +at t*at Mar ;is*in$s oers re"ained as su* in

Mira"ar does not 3 itse#+ arrant a on#usion t*at t*e to o"!anies are

one and t*e sa"e. As t*is 2ourt *e#d in es3reo v. 2ourt o+ A!!ea#s, t*e

"ere s*oin$ t*at t*e or!orations *ad a o""on diretor sittin$ in a## t*e3oards it*out "ore does not aut*orie disre$ardin$ t*eir se!arate Huridia#

!ersona#ities.&1

Neit*er an t*e vei# o+ or!orate


78/179

t*e e"!#oees o+ t*e !rivate res!ondent are t*e sa"e !ersons "annin$ and

!rovidin$ +or au)i#iar servies to t*e units o+ Ar#i, and t*at t*e !*sia#

!#ants, oes and +ai#ities are situated in t*e sa"e o"!ound, it is our

onsidered o!inion t*at t*ese +ats are not suient to Husti+ t*e !ierin$ o+

t*e or!orate vei# o+ Ar#i. FE"!*asis su!!#ied.G

Cavin$ 3een +ound 3 t*e tria# ourts to 3e a se!arate entit, Mar ;is*in$

and not Mira"ar is re=uired to o"!ensate !etitioners. Indeed, t*e 3a>

a$es and retire"ent !a earned +ro" t*e +or"er e"!#oer annot 3e ers in t*is ase, e

annot disre$ard, a3sent o"!e##in$ reasons, t*e +atua# deter"inations and

t*e #e$a# dotrines t*at su!!ort t*e in$ t*e u#ti"ate re#ie+ o+

ertiorari to o3serve t*e ru#es, sine nono3servane t*ereo+ annot 3e

3rus*ed aside as a Q"ere te*nia#it.Q& Proedura# ru#es are not to 3e
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3e#itt#ed or si"!# disre$arded, +or t*ese !resri3ed !roedures ensure an

order# and s!eed ad"inistration o+ Hustie.

IN VIE8 TCEREO;, t*e assai#ed %0 Mar* '(( and %' Ma '((/ Reso#utions

o+ t*e 2ourt o+ A!!ea#s in 2A-5R P NO. 6'4/% are A;;IRMED. Cene, t*e (

Ju# '((/ Petition +or Revie o+

"erit.

O ORDERED.

!u3#i o+ t*e P*i#i!

U$REME COni#a

2OND DIVIION

R. N&. 'B2' ?anar# '2, 2=''

RINCE TRANS$ORT, In0. and Mr. RENATO CLAROS, Petitioners

OS+A+O GARCIA, LUISITO GARCIA, RO+ANTE ROMERO, RE %ARTOLOME, FELICI

ASCO, ?R., +ANILO RO?O, E+GAR SANFUEGO, AMA+O GALANTO, EUTIUIO LUGTU,

RAMATICA, MIEL CERVANTES, TERESITA CA%ANES, ROE +ELA CRU, RICHELO %ALI

LMA $ORRAS, MIGUELITO SALCE+O, CRISTINA GARCIA, MARIO NAARENO, +I

ORRES, ESMAEL RAM%O;ONG, RO%ETOMANO, ROGELIO %AGAWISAN, ARIEL SNAC

TAULO VILLAREAL, NELSON MONTERO, GLORIA ORANTE, HARR; TOCA, $A%

ACASAET and RONAL+ GARCITARes!ondents.

E 2 I I O N

RALTA,J.:

+ore t*e 2ourt is a !etition +or revie on ertiorari under Ru#e / o+ t*e Ru#es o+ 2ourt !ra
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t*e annu#"ent o+ t*e Deision%and Reso#ution'o+ t*e 2ourt o+ A!!ea#s F2AG dated Dee

, '(( and ;e3ruar ', '((/, res!etive#, in 2A-5.R. P No. 6(0/&. T*e assai#ed De

versed and set aside t*e Reso#utions dated Ma &(, '((&& and e!te"3er '4, '((& o

tiona# La3or Re#ations 2o""ission FNLR2G in CA -o. /07,*i#e t*e dis!uted Reso

nied !etitionersK Motion +or Reonsideration.

e !resent !etition arose +ro" various o"!#aints t*e ontinued +or"ation o+ t*e union, PTI aused t*e trans+er

ion "e"3ers and s"!at*iers to one o+ its su3-o"!anies, Lu3as Trans!ort FLu3asG de

* trans+er, t*e s*edu#e o+ drivers and ondutors, as e## as t*eir o"!an identi


81/179

"!#o"ent.

titioners, on t*e ot*er *and, denied t*e "ateria# a##e$ations o+ t*e o"!#aints ontendin$

rein res!ondents ere no #on$er t*eir e"!#oees, sine t*e a## trans+erred to Lu3as at n re=uest !etitioners *ave not*in$ to do it* t*e "ana$e"ent and o!erations o+ Lu3as as

t*e ontro# and su!ervision o+ t*e #atterKs e"!#oees !etitioners ere not aare o

stene o+ an union in t*eir o"!an and a"e to >no o+ t*e sa"e on# in June %006

e ere served a o! o+ t*e su""ons in t*e !etition +or ertia$es and se!aration !a in

o+ reinstate"ent in t*e +o##oin$ a"ount:
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2o"!#ainants Ba>a$es e!aration

F%G Diosdado 5aria P''',&6.1( P10,/4.((

F'G ;e#iiano 5aso, Jr. '(&,&/(.(( /,4((.((

F&G Pa3#ito Maasaet %/,'/(.(( %&,(((.((FG Es"ae# Ra"3oon$ ''%,/((.(( &(,(((.((

F/G Joe# 5ra"atia ''%,/((.(( 4(,(((.((

F4G A"ado 5a#anto %&(,1'/.(( '0,'/(.((

F1G Mie# 2ervantes '4/,6((.(( 4(,(((.((

F6G Ro3erto Mano ''%,/((.(( /(,(((.((

F0G Roe de#a 2ru '4/,6((.(( 4(,(((.((

F%(G Ri*e#o Ba#ido %&(,1'/.(( '0,'/(.((

F%%G Vi#"a Porras ''%,/((.(( 1(,(((.((

F%'G Mi$ue#ito a#edo '4/,6((.(( 4(,(((.((

F%&G 2ristina 5aria %&(,1'/.(( &/,%((.((

F%G Luisito 5aria %/,'/(.(( %0,/((.((

F%/G Ro$e#io Ba$aisan '4/,6((.(( 4(,(((.((

F%4G Rodante C. Ro"ero ''%,/((.(( 4(,(((.((

F%1G Dindo Torres '4/,6((.(( /(,(((.((

F%6G Ed$ar an+ue$o ''%,/((.(( (,(((.((

F%0G Rona#d 5aita ''%,/((.(( (,(((.((

F'(G Carr Toa %1,&((.(( '&,((.((

F'%G A"ado 5a#anto %&(,1'/.(( %1,//(.((

F''G Teresita 2a3aes %&(,1'/.(( %1,//(.((

F'&G Re) Barto#o"e &(%,/((.(( &(,(((.((

F'G Mario Naareno ''%,/((.(( &(,(((.((

F'/G Eusta=uio Vi##area# %/,'/(.(( %0,/((.((

F'4G Arie# an*e '4/,6((.(( 4(,(((.((

F'1G 5#oria Orante '4&,%((.(( 4(,(((.((

F'6G Ne#son Montero '4,4((.(( 4(,(((.((

F'0G Ria# Beato '0/,(((.(( (,(((.((


83/179

F&(G Euti=uio Lu$tu &/,(((.(( 6,(((.((

F&%G 8ar#ito Di>enso"n '0/,(((.(( (,(((.((

F&'G Ed$ardo Be#da &/,(((.(( 6,(((.((

F&&G Tita 5o '0/,(((.(( 1(,(((.((F&G A#e) Lodor '0/,(((.(( /(,(((.((

F&/G 5#enda Ar$ui##es '0/,(((.(( (,(((.((

F&4G Erin Lues &/,(((.(( 6,(((.((

F&1G Jesse 2e##e &/,(((.(( 6,(((.((

F&6G Ro Adora3#e '0/,(((.(( (,(((.((

F&0G Mar#on Ban$oro '0/,(((.(( (,(((.((

F(GEd$ardo Ban$oro &/,(((.(( &4,(((.((

. Orderin$ Lu3as Trans!ort to !a attorneKs +ees e=uiva#ent to ten F%(G o+ t*e

"onetar aard and

4. Orderin$ t*e dis"issa# o+ t*e #ai" +or "ora# and e)e"!#ar da"a$es +or #a> "

ORDERED.4

e La3or Ar3iter ru#ed t*at !etitioners are not $ui#t o+ un+air #a3or !ratie in t*e a3sendene to s*o t*at t*e vio#ated res!ondents ri$*t to se#+-or$aniation. T*e La3or Ar3ite

#d t*at Lu3as is t*e res!ondents e"!#oer and t*at it FLu3asG is an entit *i* is se!a

tint and inde!endent +ro" PTI. Nonet*e#ess, t*e La3or Ar3iter +ound t*at Lu3as is $ui

$a## dis"issin$ res!ondents +ro" t*eir e"!#o"ent.

s!ondents


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$ardo Be#da deserves re+und o+ *is 3oundar-*u#o$ in t*e a"ount o+ P4,64'.(( and

"!#ainants-A!!e##ants Dani#o RoHo and Dani#o Laure# s*ou#d 3e in#uded in t*e o"!utati

"!#ainants-A!!e##ants #ai" as +o##os:

2o"!#ainants Ba>a$es e!aration Pa

%. Dani#o RoHo P&//,/4(.(( P6,(((.((

'. Dani#o Laure# P&/1,04(.(( P1',(((.((

re$ards a## ot*er as!ets, t*e Deision a!!ea#ed +ro" is SUSTAINE+.

ORDERED.1

s!ondents a$es and it* res!et to t*e !ortion orderin$

und o+ Ed$ardo Be#daKs 3oundar-*u#o$ in t*e a"ount o+ P4,64'.((, t*e NLR2 deis
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r"ed and "aintained.

ORDERED.0

titioners


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9E RAIED IN REPONDENTK PETITION ;OR 2ERTIORARI.%%

titioners assert t*at +atua# e t*e

e aorded not on# res!et 3ut even


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r+or" an and a## ats neessar to reso#ve +atua# issues raised in ases +a##in$ it*

$ina# and a!!e##ate Hurisdition, in#udin$ t*e !oer to $rant and ondut ne tria#s or +u

oeedin$s. ) ) )

ever, e=ua## sett#ed is t*e ru#e t*at +atua#


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e ru#es on +oru" s*o!!in$, *i* ere desi$ned to !ro"ote and +ai#itate t*e or

"inistration o+ Hustie, s*ou#d not 3e inter!reted it* su* a3so#ute #itera#ness as to su3ve

n u#ti"ate and #e$iti"ate o3Hetive.%0 trit o"!#iane it* t*e !rovision re$ardin$

rtie a o""on ause o+ ation or de+ense, t*e si$nature o+ on# one o+ t*e" i

rtie a o""on au

tion. Cene, t*e si$nature o+ res!ondent 5aria is a suient o"!#iane it* t*e

vernin$ erti


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titioners.

an ase, t*e sett#ed ru#e is t*at a !#eadin$ *i* is re=uired 3 t*e Ru#es o+ 2ourt t

ri


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d entit as QLu3as o!erations.Q Moreover, in said #etter, it did not trans+er t*e e"!#oe

ssi$nedQ t*e". Last#, t*e e)istin$ +unds and '(% eise aver t*at t*e 2A erred and o""itted $rave a3use o+ disretion *

dered !etitioners to reinstate res!ondents to t*eir +or"er !ositions, onsiderin$ t*at t*e iss

nstate"ent as never 3rou$*t u! 3e+ore it and res!ondents never =uestioned t*e aa

!aration !a to t*e".

e 2ourt is not !ersuaded.

s #ear +ro" t*e o"!#aints in$ reinstate"ent.&%

an ase, etion ' FG, Ru#e 1 o+ t*e Ru#es o+ 2ourt !rovides t*at a !#eadin$ s*a## s!ei+

ie+ sou$*t, 3ut "a add a $enera# !raer +or su* +urt*er or ot*er re#ie+s as "a 3e dee"ed
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d e=uita3#e. 9nder t*is ru#e, a ourt an $rant t*e re#ie+ arranted 3 t*e a##e$ation and

oo+ even i+ it is not s!ei


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!ea#s, dated Dee"3er '(, '(( and ;e3ruar ', '((/, res!etive#, in 2A-5.R. P No. 6(

e A;;IRMED.

ORDERED.

R. No. %10(%/ June %&, '(%'

ITED 2O2ON9T PLANTER BAN, Petitioner,

ANTER PROD92T, IN2., JANET LAON and 5RE5OR 5RE, Res!ondents.

E 2 I I O N

AD, J.:

s ase is a3out t*e #ia3i#it o+ t*e 3an> +or a transation entered into 3 its 3ran* "ana$

nnivane it* a #ient.

e ;ats and t*e 2ase

s!ondent P#anters Produts, Inor!orated FPPIG, a +erti#ier "anu+aturer, entered int

ran$e"ent it* res!ondent Janet Lason +or t*e de#iver o+ +erti#iers to *er, !aa3#e +ro"

oeeds o+ t*e #oan t*at !etitioner 9nited 2oonut P#anters Ban> F92PBG e)tended to *e

3ruar %%, %06( Lason e)euted a dou"ent a##ed Q!a$ares,Q ritten on t*e dorsa# side

PB !ro"issor note.%T*e !a$ares stated t*at Lason *ad an a!!roved #oan it* 92PB-

an* +or P'((,(((.((. T*e seond !ortion o+ t*e !a$ares, si$ned 3 t*at 3ran*s "an

s!ondent 5re$or 5re, stated t*at t*e Qassi$n"ent *as 3een du# ae!ted and !a"ent

aranteed it*in 4( das +ro" PPIs Invoie.Q !ei


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8e *ere3 attest and ar" t*at I78e *ave an a!!roved #oan it* 9nited 2oonut P#anters B

#o Bran*, in t*e a"ount o+ Pesos QT8O C9NDRED TCO9AND FP'((,(((.((G *i* is a##

+erti#ier.

d.

NET LAON

3. %%, %06(

si$n"ent ae!ted and !a"ent unonditiona## $uaranteed it*in si)t F4(G das +ro" P#a

oduts, In. Invoie date u! to Pesos: To Cundred T*ousand FP'((,(((.((G on#.

d.

RE5OR

na$er

3se=uent#, Lason e)euted a t*ird dou"ent QLetter 5uarantee 3 t*e Dea#er,Q statin$

e 3inds *erse#+ to !a PPI t*e +ae va#ue o+ t*e !a$ares in ase 92PB did not !a t*e sa"

aturit. But ontrar to *er underta>in$s, on t*e +o##oin$ da, ;e3ruar %', %06(, La

t*dre it* 3ran* "ana$er 5res onnivane t*e P'((,(((.(( #oan t*at 92PB $ranted *e

t*e stren$t* o+ t*e t*ree dou"ents, PPI de#ivered =uantities o+ +erti#iers to Lason. La

d 5re du!#iated t*eir transations it* PPI on ;e3ruar %6 and '1, %06( overin$ to #oa

((,(((.(( ea*.

A!ri# '6, %06( PPI !resented t*e dou"ents o+ t*e denied t*e #ai" on t*e $round t*at it neit*er aut*oried t*e transations no

eution o+ t*e dou"ents *i* ere not !art o+ its usua# 3an>in$ transations. 92PB #aat 3ran* "ana$er 5re e)eeded *is aut*orit in $uaranteein$ !a"ent o+ Lasons !ur*

redit. T*e !a$ares, said 92PB, ere i##e$a# and void sine 3an>in$ #as !ro*i3it 3an> o

" $uaranteein$ #oans o+ 3an> #ients.

nse=uent#, in A!ri# %06( PPI sued Lason, 92PB, and 5re +or 3rea* o+ ontrat it* da"


94/179

+ore t*e Re$iona# Tria# 2ourt FRT2G o+ Ma>ati.'5re died *i#e t*e ase as on tria#. A#t*ou$

2 ordered 5res su3stitution 3 an o+ *is *eirs, no one a"e to su3stitute *i". Tria# !roe

t*out !reHudie to t*e #ai"s a$ainst *is estate.

A!ri# '6, %000 t*e RT2 rendered a deision, a3so#vin$ 92PB +ro" #ia3i#it +or t*e va#ue o

ti#ier !roduts t*at PPI so#d to Lason on redit. ine 5re ated in e)ess o+ *is aut*or

aranteein$ t*e !a"ent o+ t*e !a$ares and in invo#vin$ *i"se#+ in t*e transation, 92PB a

3ound 3 t*e sa"e. ;urt*er, t*e !ro"issor notes, on t*e dorsa# side o+ *i* a!!eared

$ares, ere not in ne$otia3#e +or". T*e *ad neit*er a in$ At.

e ourt *e#d Lason #ia3#e to PPI aG +or P&00,044.'/ it* 4 interest +ro" t*e ti"e it in$.

PB 3rin$s t*e !resent !etition +or revie o+ t*e 2A deision.

ues Presented
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e ase !resents t*e +o##oin$ issues:

8*et*er or not 92PB is 3ound 3 5res underta>in$ on its 3e*a#+ to de#iver to PPI t*e !ro

t*e 3an>s #oan to Lason in !a"ent o+ t*e +erti#iers s*e 3ou$*t and

In t*e ne$ative, *et*er or not 92PB is entit#ed to an aard o+ attornes +ees.

e Ru#in$ o+ t*e 2ourt

e. T*e 2A *e#d t*at, in e)eutin$ t*e !a$ares, Lason si"!# assi$ned to PPI t*e P'((,((

oeeds o+ *er a!!roved #oan it* 92PB in !a"ent o+ t*e +erti#iers t*at s*e anted to 3u

. *e rote t*e !a$ares at t*e 3a> o+ t*e !ro +or"a !ro"issor note t*at s*e e)eutePBs +avor. T*e 2A did not onsider t*e !a$ares as a $uarant, a ontrat, or a ne$ot

o"issor note.

e 2A a#so *e#d t*at Lasons assi$n"ent to PPI o+ t*e P'((,(((.(( o"in$ to *er +ro" 9

t* res!et to *i* 92PB "a 3e re$arded as an o3#i$or, is 3indin$ on t*e 3an>.A +o

tie is not re=uired to 3ind t*e 3an> re$ardin$ its underta>in$ to "a>e $ood t*e assi$n"

PB "a 3e dee"ed to *ave ated in 3ad +ait* *en it de#ivered t*e !roeeds o+ t*e #o

son, des!ite its underta>in$ to turn t*e" over to PPI.

e, a or!oration #i>e 92PB is #ia3#e to innoent t*ird !ersons *ere it >noin$# !er"i

er, or an ot*er a$ent, to !er+or" ats it*in t*e so!e o+ *is $enera# or a!!arent aut*

din$ *i" out to t*e !u3#i as !ossessin$ !oer to do t*ose ats./

t, *ere, it is !#ain +ro" t*e $uarantee 5re e)euted t*at *e as atin$ +or *i"se#+, n

!resentation o+ 92PB. 5re rote t*at underta>in$ at t*e 3otto" o+ t*e !a$ares as +o##os:

si$n"ent ae!ted and !a"ent unonditiona## $uaranteed it*in si)t F4(G das +ro" P#a

oduts, In. Invoie date u! to Pesos: To Cundred T*ousand FP'((,(((.((G on#.

d.

RE5OR
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na$er

PB annot 3e 3ound 3 5res a3ove underta>in$ sine *e a!!ears to *ave "ade it i

rsona# a!ait. Ce si$ned it under *is on na"e, not in 92PBs na"e or as its 3ran* "andeed, t*e ordin$s o+ t*e underta>in$ do not at a## "a>e an a##usion to 92PB.

sides, 3 its tenor, 5res underta>in$ as a $uarantee. It sas, Q!a"ent unonditio

aranteed it*in si)t F4(G das +ro" P#anters Produts, In. Invoie date u! to Pesos:

ndred T*ousand FP'((,(((.((G on#.Q As it *a!!ens, 3an> $uarantees are *i$*# re$u

nsations under t*e #a.4T*e are underta>in$s t*at are not so asua## issued 3 3an>s

eir 3ran* "ana$ers at t*e dorsa# side o+ a #ients !ro"issor note as i+ an a+tert*ou$*t. A

arantee is a ontrat t*at 3inds t*e 3an> and so "a 3e entered into on# under aut*

anted 3 its 3oard o+ diretors. u* aut*orit does not a!!ear on an dou"ent. Indeed

d no ri$*t to e)!et 3ran* "ana$er 5re to issue one it*out su* aut*oriation.

ta3#, t*e evidene s*os t*at on ;e3ruar %%, %06(, #ai"in$ t*at 92PB *ad a#read a!!r

r #oan o+ P'((,(((.((, Lason assi$ned a## t*e !roeeds o+ su* #oan to PPI in !a"e

ti#iers s*e anted to 3u +ro" it. ;or *is !art, 5re a$reed to t*e assi$n"ent and, a!!ar

t*out aut*orit +ro" t*e 3an>, undertoo> to $uarantee t*e !a"ent o+ t*e !a$

tit*standin$ t*is underta>in$, *oever, 5re re#eased t*e P'((,(((.(( !roeeds o+ t*e #o

son t*e ne)t da, ;e3ruar %', %06(. It is evident t*at 5re onnived it* Lason to #ure P

iver to *er +erti#iers ort* P'((,(((.(( on redit.

PB a#so addued evidene t*at 5re #ent Lason t*at P'((,(((.(( it*out !ro!er aut*ori

" t*e 3an>.%\!*i% T*e aut*orit t*e 3an> $ave *i" +or uni#atera## e)tendin$ unseured

s a ei#in$ o+ P%(,(((.(( on#. 5re needed under 92PBs Revised Bran* Lendin$ Aut*orit

ani"ous a!!rova#6o+ t*e Bran* 2redit 2o""ittee,0o+ *i* *e as on# a "e"3er, 3e+on $rant a *i$*er #oan o+ t*e >ind.

t* 92PB a3so#ved o+ an #ia3i#it, t*e 2ourt ar"s t*e ru#in$ o+ t*e RT2 o+ Ma>ati t*at

son !ri"ari# #ia3#e to PPI it* t*e #atter *avin$ t*e ri$*t o+ reourse to 5re in t*e event t

u#d not reover +ro" *er. I"!ortant#, Lason never denied *er 3usiness dea#in$s it* PP
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nuar '%, '(( are ANN9LLED and ET AIDE. T*e o"!#aint Deve#o!"ent is DIMIED. 2onse=uent#, Antonio B. a#en$a is ordered to restitute to

ve#o!"ent 2or!oration t*e a"ount o+ P&,''',((.((, *i* as reeived 3 *i"

nse=uene o+ t*e i""ediate e)eution o+ said reso#utions, !#us interest t*ereon at t*e ra

!er annu" +ro" date o+

* reei!t unti#


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at !etitioner as not a or!orate oer 3ut a "ana$eria# e"!#oee. Ce *e#d t*e !osition o+

eutive assistant, ate$oried as a Jo3 Leve# %' !osition, not su3Het to e#etion or a!!oint

t*e 3oard o+ diretors.

ond, t*e LA !ointed out t*at res!ondent 2D2 and 2o#ao +

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