fire safety of staircases in multi-story...fire safety of staircases in multi-story buildings the...
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![Page 1: Fire Safety of Staircases in Multi-Story...Fire Safety of Staircases in Multi-Story Buildings The Results of Measurements in Buildings and Simulations Grzegorz Kubicki Ph.D. Department](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042916/5f5569dc63bfa65472132334/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Fire Safety of Staircases in Multi-Story Buildings
The Results of Measurements in Buildings and Simulations
Grzegorz Kubicki Ph.D. Department of Environmental Engineering,
Warsaw University of Technology
Izabela Tekielak – Skałka M.Sc. Eng.Head of Research and CFD Simulations
Department, SMAY LLC
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50 Pa
t inn = t out
h [m]
∆p [Pa]
AssumptionsStaircase protected by pressure differential system
Pressure differential system
Pressure~50 Pa
Air velocity throughan open door
The force to open the door
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50 Pa
t inn > t out
h [m]
∆p [Pa]
Problem with pressuredistribution in winter
European standard EN 12101-6 advises:
„if stack effect is the problem, then the system should be
activated at last 1 hourbefore the test”
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Real Scale Testingbuilding was adapted as a test rig:
- the 23-storey building
- building total height ~ 92 m
-reinforced concrete staircase
- located in Cracow
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Fire Safety in Staircase – Schema of the Ventilation System
vertical duct
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The Measuring System
pressure differential sensor
temperature sensor
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Measuring Data
Stack effect in the staircase due to temperature change
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Measuring Data
Stack effect in the staircase due to temperature change
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CFD Simulation
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Real Test
h [m]
∆p [Pa]
+5 Pa
- 5 Pa
h [m]
∆p [Pa]
+38 Pa
+99 Pa
setting of the pressure controllers:
Storey +23: 40 PaStorey +1: 100 Pa
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Test in Real Building – Sky Tower in Wroclaw50 storey building
212 m height
FIRE SAFETY SYSTEM
Staircase protected by the pressure differentia systemNo pressure relief damper in staircase
Supply air injection point to fire-fighting lobby
2 staircase
Air exhaust inside the corridor
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Test in Real Building – Sky Tower in Wroclaw
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Measure of Pressure
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∆𝑝𝑝𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠_𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠= 𝜌𝜌𝑒𝑒 − 𝜌𝜌𝑖𝑖 � 𝑔𝑔 � ℎ � 𝑐𝑐 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
𝑐𝑐 ∈ 0,5 ÷ 0,9 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
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storey ∆p staircase - corridor(volume flow)
+50+60 Pa
(out 23 200 m3/h)(supply 7 700 m3/h)
+27 +48 Pa(supply 8 000 m3/h)
+17 +54 Pa(supply 8 000 m3/h)
+3 +53 Pa(supply 40 000 m3/h)
Smoke Control System
storey ∆p staircase - corridor ∆p staircase - outside
+50 +21 +82
+27 -
+17 -
+3 -6 -54
Initial distribution of pressure Pressure differentia system
Staircase
inside temperature = +10 ÷ 17 oCexternal temperature = - 4 oC
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PPU KSK
Test in Real Building - Riviera22 storey building
66 m height
FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMStaircase protected by multi-point
air injection system
Pressure relief damper inside the staircase
2 staircase
Supply air injection point to fire-fighting lobby
Air exhaust inside the corridor
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Pressure Differential
and Temperature Measurement
Point
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Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Data
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CFD Simulation Software: Ansys Fluent 13.0Model include: staircase Fire-fighting lobbies corridor Air leakage pressure differential
system
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-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
H, m
∆p, Pa
winter periodStack Effect
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-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
H, m
∆p, Paprzedsionki ppoż. klatka schodowa
winter period
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-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
H, m
∆p, Paprzedsionki ppoż. klatka schodowa
winter period
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-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
H, m
∆p, Paprzedsionki ppoż. klatka schodowa
warm period
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Fan with a frequency inverter
Pressure controller
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∆𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖= 𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 �ℎ𝐷𝐷ℎ
�𝜌𝜌 � �𝑤𝑤2
2
( ) chgρρ=Δp ext ⋅⋅⋅− int
SummaryThe main idea of system
h [m]
∆p [Pa]
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Thank You for Your Attention
Grzegorz Kubicki Ph. D. Izabela Tekielak – Skałka M.Sc. [email protected] [email protected]