POJECT ON

DACTYLOGRAPHY

BY:NAME:RUCHIT PATEL

ROLL NO:87

AYUSHMAHESHWARI BATCH-2014

Under The Guidance By:DR.AMIT PARMAR

PROFESOR AND HEAD OF

FORENSIC MEDICINE DEPT.

GMC BHAVNAGAR.

Deffination: A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger. The recovery of fingerprints from a crime scene is an important method of forensic science.

Fingerprints are easily deposited on suitable surfaces (such as glass or metal or polished stone) by the natural secretions of sweat from the exoccrine glands that are present in epidermal ridges. These are sometimes referred to as "Chanced Impressions".

PRINCIPLE: fingerprints are impretion of pattern formed by papillary and epidermal ridges of fingertips.

Also known as GALTON HENRY METHOBecause sir fransis galton systemise this method in 1892

A fingerprint  Beuro Is First established in Kolkata in India

Human fingerprints are detailed, nearly unique, difficult to alter, and durable over the life of an

individual, making them suitable as long-term markers of human identity. 

CLASSIFICATION:

In the Henry system of classification, there are three basic fingerprint patterns: loop, whorl, and arch

1. LOOP:

o Radialo Ulnar

2. Whorl

WHORL

o Concentrico Spiralo Double spiralo Almond shape

3. Arches

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PLAIN TENTED PRINT

o PLAINo TENTEDo EXCEPTIONAL

4. Compositeo CENTRAL POCKET LOOPo LATERAL POCKET LOOPo TWINNED LOOPo ACCIDENTAL

Identification :Fingerprint identification, known as dactyloscopy, 

Pattern is different even in identical twins

Pattern is not inheritate

OR hand print identification, is the process of comparing two instances of friction ridge skin

impressions , from human fingers or toes, or even the palm of the hand or sole of the foot, to determine whether these impressions could have come from the same individual.

The flexibility of friction ridge skin means that no two finger or palm prints are ever exactly alike in every detail; even two impressions recorded immediately after each other from the same hand may be slightly different.

Fingerprint identification, also referred to as individualization, involves an expert, or an expert computer system operating under threshold scoring rules, determining whether two friction ridge impressions are likely to have originated from the same finger or palm (or toe or sole).

POROSCOPY:

Examination of impressions left by the sweat pores of fingers to check or support fingerprint evidence

Ridgeology:

 Is an evaluative method of friction ridge identification based on scientific principles and procedures, principles and procedures that have been established and verified through years of research.

Edgeoscopy:

o Edgeoscopy is a method of identification through the examination of the unique details and characteristics found along the edges of individual   fingerprint   ridges . These characteristics are the result of the alignment and shape of the individual ridge units and the relationship between them, as well as the

effects of pores that are close to the edge of the ridges

o  The method was pioneered by Salil Chatterjee in 1962, who created it while researching the possibility of a new criminal identification method.

Quetelet rule:Every nature made object present infinite variation in form and no pattern are ever alike

Type:Latent :

Although the word latent means hidden or invisible, in modern usage for forensic sciencethe term latent prints means any chance or accidental impression left by friction ridge skin on a surface, regardless of whether it is visible or invisible at the time of

deposition. Electronic, chemical and physical processing techniques permit visualization of invisible latent print residues whether they are from natural sweat on the skin or from a contaminant such as motor oil, blood, ink, paint or some other form of dirt. 

Patent:visible prints formed by finger stained with blood , ink or other medium

Plastic print:Impression over soft surface like soap,chees ,mud,pitch etc…

oMEDICO LEGAL IMPORTANCE

RECOGNITION OF IMPRESSION LEFT AT SCENE OF CRIME e.gcloth,weapon,furniture,doors etc…

Identification of suicide ,deserters and those being dead or unconciousnes after accident

Identification of decomposed body Identification of accidental exchange of

new born infantPrevention of impersonalisation To maintain identity record

In criminals impression of all finger will be taken

But in civil cases Left thumb impression only is taken

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