finance and managerial accounting
TRANSCRIPT
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Financial and Managerial Accounting
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Chapter 1
Introducing Accounting in Business
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Identifies
Records
CommunicatesRelevant
Reliable
Comparable
Importance of Accounting
Accountingis a
system that
information
that is
about an organization’s
business activities.1-3
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Identifying Business Activities
Recording Business Activities
Communicating Business Activities
Accounting Activities
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Users of Accounting Information
External Users
•Lenders
•Shareholders
•Governments
•Consumer Groups
•External Auditors
•Customers
Internal Users
•Managers
•Officers
•Internal Auditors
•Sales Staff
•Budget Officers
•Controllers
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Users of Accounting Information
External Users
Financial accounting provides external users with financial statements (shareholders,
lenders, etc.).
Internal Users
Managerial accounting provides information needs for internal
decision makers (officers, managers, etc.).
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Opportunities in Accounting
Financial•Preparation•Analysis•Auditing•Regulatory•Consulting•Planning•Criminal investigation
Managerial•General accounting •Cost accounting•Budgeting•Internal auditing•Consulting•Controller•Treasurer•Strategy
Taxation•Preparation•Planning•Regulatory•Investigations•Consulting•Enforcement•Legal services•Estate plans
Accounting-related
•Lenders•Consultants•Analysts•Traders•Directors•Underwriters•Planners•Appraisers
•FBI investigators•Market researchers•Systems designers•Merger services•Business valuation•Forensic accountant•Litigation support•Entrepreneurs
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Accounting Jobs by Area
Private accounting
60%Public
accounting24%
Government, not-for-profit, & education
16%
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Beliefs that distinguish right from
wrong
Accepted standards of good and bad
behavior
Ethics
Ethics—A Key Concept
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Identify ethical concerns
Analyze options
Make ethical decision
Use personal ethics to
recognize an ethical concern.
Consider all good and bad
consequences.Choose best option after weighing all
consequences.
Guidelines for Ethical Decisions
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Financial accounting practice is governed by concepts and rules known as generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Relevant Information
Affects the decision of its users.
Reliable Information Is trusted by users.
Comparable Information
Used in comparisons across years & companies.
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Business Entity Forms
Sole Proprietorship
Partnership Corporation
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AssetsLiabilities + Equity
Accounting Equation
Liabilities EquityAssets = +
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Land
Equipment
Buildings
Cash
Vehicles
Store Supplies
Notes Receivable
Accounts Receivable
Resources owned or controlled
by a company
Assets
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Taxes Payable
Wages Payable
Notes Payable
Accounts Payable
Creditors’ claims on
assets
Liabilities
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Owner’sclaim on
assets
Dividends
Contributed Capital
Retained Earnings
Equity
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Liabilities EquityAssets = +
Expanded Accounting Equation
Revenues ExpensesContributed
Capital Dividends_ + _
Retained Earnings
Liabilities EquityAssets = +
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Transaction Analysis
J. Scott invests $20,000 cash to start the business in return for stock.
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Transaction Analysis
Purchased supplies paying $1,000 cash.
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Transaction Analysis
Purchased equipment for $15,000 cash.
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Transaction Analysis
Now, let’s look at transactions involving revenue, expenses and
dividends.
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Financial Statements Let’s prepare the Financial Statements reflecting
the transactions we have recorded.
1. Income Statement
2. Statement of Retained Earnings
3. Balance Sheet
4. Statement of Cash Flows
P2
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ROA is a profitability measure.
Return on Assets (ROA)
Net incomeAverage total assets
Return onassets =
A2
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