final report- hybrid

8/13/2019 Final Report- hybrid

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ANALYSIS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN RAJASTHAN, INDIA WITHEMPHASIS ON SIZING AND COST OPTIMIZATION

Jalpa C ShahB.E., Athara C.O.E, I!"#a, $%%&

Dhr'al H J()h#B.E, S.*.I.T, I!"#a, $%%&

PROJECT

S'+#tt-" #! part#al )at#)a/t#(! (th- r-0'#r--!t) (r th- "-1r-- (

MASTER OF SCIENCE

#!

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

at

CALIFORNIA STATE UNI*ERSITY, SACRAMENTO

SUMMER$%2%


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A Pr(3-/t

+4

Jalpa C Shah

Dhr'al H J()h#

Appr(-" +45

66666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666, C(#tt-- Cha#rJ(h! Bala/ha!"ra, Ph.D.

666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 , S-/(!" R-a"-rFethi Belkhouche,PhD.

66666666666666666666666666666666Dat-

##


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St'"-!t5 Jalpa C Shah

Dhr'al H J()h#

I /-rt#4 that th#) )t'"-!t ha) -t th- r-0'#r--!t) (r (rat /(!ta#!-" #! th- '!#-r)#t4

(rat a!'al a!" that th#) pr(3-/t r-p(rt #) )'#ta+l- (r )h-l#!1 #! th- l#+rar4 a!"

/r-"#t) t( +- r-7ar"-" (r th- Pr(3-/t.

6666666666666666666666666 , D-part-!t Cha#r 6666666666666666S'r-)h 8 *a"ha, Ph.D Dat-

D-part-!t ( El-/tr#/al a!" El-/tr(!#/ E!1#!--r#!1

###


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A+)tra/t

(


+4

Jalpa C Shah9

Dhr'al H J()h#

I! t("a4:) 7(rl", "'- t( th- 1r(7#!1 "-a!") ( t-/h!(l(14 a!" r#)- #! p(p'lat#(!, th-r-

ha) +--! a tr--!"(') pr-))'r- (! th- -l-/tr#/#t4 "-a!"). S( ar ())#l '-l) ha- +--!

')-" t( --t th- "-a!"), +'t )#!/- ())#l '-l) ar- #!#t- a!" ar- 1-tt#!1 "-pl-t-", th-

7(rl" !--") t( #!" alt-r!at#- )('r/-) ( -!-r14. Al)( th- ')- ( ())#l '-l) l#;- !at'ral

1a) a!" (#l ha) a ha


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h4+r#" )4)t-). Th#) al1(r#th ta;-) #!t( /(!)#"-rat#(! th- a-ra1- h('rl4 pr(#l- ( a

)all #lla1- #! Ra3a)tha! al(!1 7#th th- a-ra1- h('rl4 #!)(lat#(! a!" 7#!" pr(#l- (

th- )a-. Th#) al1(r#th h-lp) "-/#"- th- #!#' !'+-r ( P* pa!-l) r-0'#r-" (r a

)(lar al(!- "-)#1! a!" !'+-r ( 7#!" t'r+#!-) r-0'#r-" (r a 7#!" al(!- "-)#1!. Th-

/("- al)( h-lp) t( "-/#"- h(7 a!4 P* pa!-l) a!" 7#!" t'r+#!-) ar- r-0'#r-" (r a

h4+r#" "-)#1!.

C()t (pt##


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pa1-

L#)t ( Ta+l-).@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@...###

L#)t ( F#1'r-)@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.....#

Chapt-r

2. INTRODUCTION@..@..@@@@@@@@@@..

@........................................2

2.2 Wh4 R-!-7a+l- E!-r14 S('r/-)@@@@@@@@@@@@[email protected]

2.$ A"a!ta1-) ( R-!-7a+l- E!-r14 S('r/-)@@@@@@@@@.......

2. D#)a"a!ta1-) ( R-!-7a+l- E!-r14 S('r/-)@.....@@@@...@@...

2. R-!-7a+l- E!-r14 Stat') #! I!"#a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.

$. THEORY AND APPLICATION@@.

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@..

$.2 S(lar E!-r14@@@@@@@@@@...@@@@@@@@@@@...

$.$ W#!" E!-r14@@@@@@@@@@.@@@@@@@@@@@...2%

$. Sta!" Al(!- H4+r#" S4)t-)@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@...2

. METHODOLOGY @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@...2

.2 Fl(7/hart ...@@@@@@@@@@@@@.@@[email protected]

.$ Al1(r#th @.@@@@@@@@@@@...@@@@@@@............2

. CALCULATIONS AND SIMULATIONS@@@@@@@@@.

@@@@@2

.2 L(a" D-a!"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@..2

#


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.$ F(r'la) a!" Sp-/##/at#(!)@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@$%

. S#'lat#(!)@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@..$

. R-)'lt)@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@..

. C("-)@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

. COST OPTIMIZATION@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@&

.2 Ca)- I5 S(lar Al(!-@@...@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@...

.$ Ca)- II5 W#!" Al(!-@@..@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@..

. Ca)- III5 H4+r#" 2)t#t-rat#(!@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%

. Ca)- I*5 H4+r#" $!"#t-rat#(!@@@...@@@@@@@@@@@@2

. R-)'lt)@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@..$

. CONCLUSION@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.

R--r-!/-) @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.

##


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LIST OF TABLES

Pa1-

2. Ta+l- .2 P* Pa!-l Para-t-r) 2$.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@..@@..$%

$. Ta+l- .$ W#!" T'r+#!- Para-t-r) 2@..@@@@@@@@@@@@@@$$

. Ta+l- . Batt-r4 Sp-/##/at#(!) 2@.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@...$

. Ta+l- . R-)'lt ( S#


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LIST OF FIGURES

Pa1-

2. F#1'r- 2.2 I!"#a:) O#l Pr("'/t#(! a!" C(!)'pt#(! .@@@@...@@@.........

$. F#1'r- 2.$ T(tal E!-r14 C(!)'pt#(! #! I!"#a @@@@@@.@@@@@@

. F#1'r- $.2 I!)tall-" S(lar Pa!-l) @@...@@..@@@@@@@@@@@.....

. F#1'r- $.$ S(lar Pa!-l C#r/'#t) @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@..

. F#1'r- $. C(!)tr'/t#(! ( W#!" T'r+#!- 2 @@@@@@@@@@@@.....2$

. F#1'r- $. H4+r#" P(7-r S4)t- 2% @@@@@@@@@.@........@@@[email protected]

&. F#1'r- .2 Fl(7/hart..@@@@@@...@@@[email protected]

. F#1'r- .2 A-ra1- H('rl4 L(a" D-a!"@@@@@@@@..@@@@@......2

. F#1'r-.$ A-ra1- H('rl4 S(lar Pr(#l-) 2&@@ @@@@@@@@@@@...$2

2%. F#1'r- .Graph ( O'tp't ( a S#!1l- P* Pa!-l at Ea/h H('r ( th- Da4@@.$$

22. F#1'r- . A-ra1- H('rl4 W#!" Pr(#l- 2@@.....@@@@@@@@@.......$

2$. F#1'r- . Graph ( O'tp't ( a S#!1l- W#!" T'r+#!- at Ea/h H('r ( th- Da4. .....$

2. F#1'r- . Graph ( D-#/#tKS'rpl') P(7-r Pr("'/-" +4 !: !(. ( W#!"T'r+#!-)..@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@...$

2. F#1'r- .& Graph ( A-ra1- D-#/#tKS'rpl') P(7-r at Ea/h H('r ( th- Da4@@..$&

2. F#1'r- . A-ra1- Da#l4 E!-r14 C'r- (r W#!" Al(!- D-)#1!@@@@@......$

2. F#1'r- . Graph ( D-#/#tKS'rpl') P(7-r Pr("'/-" +4 !: !(. ( P* Pa!-l)@$

2&. F#1'r- .2% Graph ( A-ra1- D-#/#tKS'rpl') P(7-r at Ea/h H('r ( th- Da4@@%

2. F#1'r- .22 A-ra1- Da#l4 E!-r14 C'r- (r S(lar Al(!- D-)#1!@@@@.......2

2. F#1'r- .2$ Graph ( !(. ( P* Pa!-l) r-0'#r-" #! H4+r#" D-)#1! I

@@@@@...

#


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$%. F#1'r- .2 Graph ( A-ra1- D-#/#tKS'rpl') P(7-r at Ea/h H('r ( th- Da4@...

$2. F#1'r- .2 A-ra1- Da#l4 E!-r14 C'r- (r H4+r#" D-)#1! I @@@@@@@..

$$. F#1'r- .2 Graph ( N( ( P* Pa!-l) R-0'#r-" #!H4+r#" D-)#1! II@@@...@.

$. F#1'r- .2 Graph ( A-ra1- D-#/#tKS'rpl') P(7-r at Ea/h H('r ( th- "a4@@.&

$. F#1'r- .2& A-ra1- Da#l4 E!-r14 C'r- (r H4+r#" D-)#1! II@@@@@@@


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#


12/67

##


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2

Chapt-r 2

INTRODUCTION

2.2 Wh4 r-!-7a+l- -!-r14 )('r/-)

Th-r- ha) +--! a tr--!"(') 1r(7th #! t-/h!(l(14 a!" p(p'lat#(! ( th- 7(rl".

E!-r14 a!" "--l(p-!t ar- /l()-l4 #!t-rt7#!-", r-)'lt#!1 #! #!/r-a)-" ')- ( ())#l '-l),

)'/h a) 1a), p-tr(l a!" /(al 7h#/h /a!!(t +- r-pl-!#)h-" (r r-!-7-".

Th#) 'lt#at-l4 l-a") t( a! #!/r-a)- #! th- ')a1- ( -l-/tr#/#t4. El-/tr#/#t4 #) a#!l4

1-!-rat-" r( !(!=r-!-7a+l- -!-r14 )('r/-) l#;- /r'"- (#l, !at'ral 1a), /(al -t/. Th-)-

ar- t-r-" a) !(!=r-!-7a+l- )#!/- th-4 ar- #!#t- a!" /a!!(t at/h 'p t( th- !--") ( th-

7(rl". Th- (#l r-)-r-) ( th- 7(rl" 7#ll !(t )')ta#! #! th- t#- t( /(-. C'rr-!tl4 th-)-

)('r/-) ar- th-r- #! a+'!"a!/-, +'t 7#ll "##!#)h #! th- !-ar 't'r- +-/a')- ( th-

#!/r-a)#!1 "-a!" ( -l-/tr#/#t4.

E-! # th-)- )('r/-) ar- aa#la+l- #! 0'a!t#t4, th- !(! r-!-7a+l- -!-r14 )('r/-) ha- a

+#1 !-1at#- #pa/t (! th- -!#r(!-!t. Th-4 pr("'/- #-!)- t(#/ 7a)t- a!" p(ll't-

th- -!#r(!-!t t( a 1r-at -t-!t. It #) "-tr#-!tal t( pla!t a!" a!#al l#-. Th- ')a1- (

())#l '-l) #) (!- ( th- r-a)(!) (r 1l(+al 7ar#!1. El-/tr#/#t4 1-!-rat-" r( ())#l

'-l) a!" /(al) r-)'lt #! har'l -#))#(!) ( !#tr(1-! (#"-) a!" )'lph'r "#(#"-).

Th-)- /h-#/al) l-a" t( a/#"#/ r#-r) a!" ar- l-thal t( a!;#!" 2.


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$

All th- a+(- #!"#/at-) ') t( "#)/(-r alt-r!at- )('r/-) ( -!-r14. Th-)- alt-r!at- )('r/-)

( -!-r14 ar- th- r-!-7a+l- -!-r14 )('r/-) 7h#/h ar- aa#la+l- #! apl- 0'a!t#t4.

R-!-7a+l- )('r/-) ( -!-r14 a#!l4 /(!)#)t ( )(lar -!-r14, 7#!" -!-r14, +#(a)),

1-(th-ral a!" h4"r(p(7-r $. A) t-/h!(l(14 pr(1r-))-), th-r- ha- +--! -#/#-!t

-a!) t( a+)tra/t -l-/tr#/#t4 r( th- a+(- -!t#(!-" r-!-7a+l- )('r/-).


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2.$ A"a!ta1-) ( R-!-7a+l- E!-r14 S('r/-)

R-!-7a+l- E!-r14 S('r/-) )'/h a) )(lar -!-r14, 7#!" -!-r14, 1-(th-ral

-!-r14 a!" +#(a)) ar- r-pl-!#)h-" /(!)ta!tl4. That #) th-4 ar- !(t

-ha')t#+l- a!" aa#la+l- #! a+'!"a!/-.

Th-4 "( !(t )'pp(rt 1l(+al 7ar#!1.

Th-)- -!-r14 )('r/-) ar- aa#la+l- (r r--.

Th-)- )('r/-) pr("'/- #!#al t(#/ 7a)t- a!" h-!/- "( !(t p(ll't- th-

-!#r(!-!t #! a !-1at#- 7a4. Th-4 ar- a /l-a! )('r/- ( -!-r14 )#!/- th-4

"( !(t /(!tr#+'t- t( a#r p(ll't#(! .

R-!-7a+l- p(7-r pla!t) ar- l(/at-" ar a7a4 r( th- )'+'r+) #! /#t#-)

7h#/h +r#!1) -/(!(#/ +-!-#t) #! a!4 r-1#(!al pla/-) .

Op-rat#(!al /()t ( th- p(7-r pla!t) ar- l-)) )#!/- th- )('r/- ( -!-r14 #)

a/0'#r-" #! a !at'ral 7a4. B-/a')- ( 7h#/h th- a#!t-!a!/- /()t #) al)(

r-"'/-" .


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2. D#)a"a!ta1-) ( R-!-7a+l- E!-r14 S('r/-)

R-!-7a+l- -!-r14 )('r/-) ar- "-#!#t-l4 (r- +-!-#/#al tha! th- !(!=r-!-7a+l- -!-r14

)('r/-). B't, r-!-7a+l- )('r/-) ha- th-#r (7! )h(rt/(#!1) +-/a')- ( 7h#/h th-4

ar-!:t ')-" a) 7#"-l4 a) ())#l '-l). Th- (ll(7#!1 ar- th- r-a)(!) 7h#/h ha- h#!"-r-"

th-#r ')- (! a 7#"- )/(p-.

S(lar -!-r14 #) th- (pt#' )('r/- ( -!-r14 t( pr("'/- -l-/tr#/#t4 +'t th- #!#t#al

/()t ( a!'a/t'r#!1 ph(t((lta#/ pa!-l) #) -r4 h#1h.

S(lar pa!-l) !--" t( +- #!)tall-" #! a lar1- a!" (p-! ar-a a!" #) (pt#' (!l4 (r

l(/at#(!) r-/-##!1 a pl-th(ra ( )'!l#1ht.

S(lar -!-r14 pr("'/t#(! #) !(t p())#+l- a) !#1ht. H-!/- r-0'#r-) th- ')- (

+att-r#-) (r h4"r(1-! '-l /-ll t( )t(r- -l-/tr#/#t4.

W#!" t'r+#!-) ar- 1-!-rall4 !(#)4 #! (p-rat#(!. H-!/- #t /(!tr#+'t-) t( !(#)-

p(ll't#(!.

W#!" t'r+#!-) /('l" +- "a!1-r(') (r +#r"). 2


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2. R-!-7a+l- E!-r14 Stat') #! I!"#a

I!"#a ha) apl- r-)('r/-) ( r-!-7a+l- -!-r14. It #) th- (!l4 /('!tr4 #! th- 7(rl" t(

ha- a! -/l')#- #!#)tr4 (r r-!-7a+l- -!-r14 "--l(p-!t, th- M#!#)tr4 ( N(!=

C(!-!t#(!al E!-r14 S('r/-) >MNES?. .

F#1'r- 2.2 I!"#a:) O#l Pr("'/t#(! a!" C(!)'pt#(!

I!"#a )ta!") at th- thp()#t#(! #! th- 7(rl" #! t-r) ( p'r/ha)#!1 p(7-r r( (th-r

/('!tr#-). Th#) #) a#!l4 "'- t( th- (-r1r(7#!1 p(p'lat#(! ( th- /('!tr4. F#1'r-

a+(- #!"#/at-) that I!"#a:) (#l /(!)'pt#(!) ar- (r- tha! th- (#l th- /('!tr4 #) a+l-

t( pr("'/- . H-!/- #t ha) t( "-p-!" (! #t) #p(rt) (r #t) p-tr(l-' "-a!"). Th#)


18/67

)h(7) that I!"#a ha) ha" a !-1at#- +ala!/- (r 4-ar). Th#) #) a#!l4 "'- t( I!"#a:)

(-r1r(7#!1 p(p'lat#(!.

F#1'r- 2.$ T(tal E!-r14 C(!)'pt#(! #! I!"#a

F#1'r- a+(- )h(7) th- +r-a;"(7! ( th- r-)('r/-) (r pr("'/#!1 -l-/tr#/#t4 #! I!"#a .

Th- #1'r- #!"#/at-) that I!"#a h#1hl4 "-p-!") (! /(al (r #t) -l-/tr#/#t4 pr("'/t#(!

(ll(7-" +4 (#l 7h#/h a//('!t) (r 2 ( th- t(tal -!-r14 /(!)'pt#(!. Apart r(

h4"r(-l-/tr#/ p(7-r, (th-r r-!-7a+l- )('r/-) a//('!t (r (!l4 2 ( th- t(tal

/(!)'pt#(!. Th#) !'+-r /a! +- #!/r-a)-" tr--!"(')l4 )#!/- I!"#a #) (!- ( th-

/('!tr#-) 7h#/h ha- l(7 /()t ( a!p(7-r 7#th );#ll-" la+(r. H-!/- #t #) (!- ( th-


19/67

&

l(/at#(!) 7h#/h ar- ()t )'#ta+l- t( 't#l#


20/67

Chapt-r $

THEORY AND APPLICATION

$.2 S(lar E!-r14

Th- )/ar/#t4 ( -l-/tr#/#t4 #! r'ral ar-a) a!" th- !--" (r l(7 /()t p(7-r #) "r##!1 th-

7(rl" t(7ar") th- ph(t((lta#/ #!"')tr4. S(lar -!-r14 #) (!- ( th- ()t pr(#!-!t

r-!-7a+l- )('r/-) ( p(7-r 1-!-rat#(! #! th- 7(rl". It /a! +- 't#l#


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Description of Photovoltaic Systems:

Ph(t((lta#/ )4)t-) /(!)#)t ( ph(t((lta#/ /-ll), 7h#/h ar- "-#/-) that /(!-rt l#1ht

-!-r14 "#r-/tl4 #!t( -l-/tr#/#t4. A) th-4 ')- )'!l#1ht a) a )('r/- ( -!-r14 th-4 ar- ;!(7!

a) )(lar /-ll). Ph(t((lta#/ C-ll) >P*? ar- a"- ( at l-a)t t7( la4-r) ( )-#/(!"'/t(r

at-r#al ()tl4 a(rph(') )#l#/(!, p()#t#- a!" !-1at#-. Wh-! )'!l#1ht all) (! th-

)-#/(!"'/t(r /-ll) th-4 1-!-rat- -l-/tr#/#t4. Ph(t(!) ar- pr("'/-" +4 th- )'!l#1ht. Th-

ph(t(!) h#t th- /-ll a!" pr("'/- r-- -l-/tr(!) that (- thr('1h th- 7#r-) a!" /a')- a!

-l-/tr#/ /'rr-!t . F#1'r- +-l(7 )h(7) h(7 a )(lar pa!-l pr("'/-) -l-/tr#/#t4 .

F#1'r- $.$ S(lar Pa!-l C#r/'#t)


22/67

2%

$.$ W#!" E!-r14

Wind Energy Background:

W#!" #) th- ()t pr(#!-!t r-!-7a+l- )('r/- ( -!-r14, a) #t /a! pr("'/- -l-/tr#/#t4 7#th

!at'ral 7#!", rath-r ')#!1 !(! r-!-7a+l- )('r/-) ( -!-r14 )'/h a) ())#l '-l). It #) al)(

/l-a! (r ( -!-r14 pr("'/t#(!, 7h#/h "(-) !(t -#t p(ll't#(!, th-r-+4 !(t "-)tr(4#!1

!at'r-. W#!" t'r+#!-) pr("'/- )#1!##/a!t a('!t ( -!-r14 ')#!1 (!l4 th- 7#!". I! !-ar

't'r-, 7#!" -!-r14 7#ll +- (!- ( th- ()t #p(rta!t )('r/-) ( -!-r14 (r a)t-r

"--l(p-!t. Th- -!-r14 pr("'/t#(! 7#th th- 7#!" t'r+#!-) "-p-!") (! th- a-ra1-

)p--" ( th- 7#!" #! a )p-/##/ ar-a. Ar-a) !-ar th- /(a)t a!" (p-! t-rra#! ha- (r- l(7

( 7#!". Th- ')a1- ( 7#!" t'r+#!-) (r -!-r14 1-!-rat#(! #) #!/r-a)#!1 "a4 +4 "a4 7#th a

rap#" 1r(7th #! th- pa)t $ 4-ar). A+('t $,%%% MW #) -)t#at-" t( +- #! ')- ar('!" th-

7(rl".

Description of Wind Turbines:

A ("-r! 7#!" t'r+#!- 7(r;) (! th- )a- /(!-!t#(!al pr#!/#pl- a) 7#!"#ll) 7(r;,

')#!1 th- !at'ral 7#!" t( t'r! th- +la"-) (r th- pr("'/t#(! ( -l-/tr#/#t4. A t4p#/al 7#!"

t'r+#!- #) a"- 'p ( ('r /(p(!-!t), a r(t(r a!" t7( (r thr-- pr(p-ll-r), /(-r-"

h(')#!1 (r -!1#!-, /(!!-/t#!1 /a+l-) a!" -l-/tr#/ (!#t(r#!1 -0'#p-!t). Th- r(t(r,


23/67

22

+la"-) a!" th- !a/-ll- ar- ('!t-" (! t(p ( th- t(7-r a!" th- (!#t(r#!1 -0'#p-!t)

ar- thr('1h('t th- )4)t- 2.

A r(t(r #) p#(t-" 7#th thr-- pr(p-ll-r) (r +la"-) ;!(7! a) a#r(#l). Th- 7#!" (-) th-

+la"-) --!t'all4 )p#!!#!1 th- r(t(r. Th- a)t-r th- 7#!" +l(7), th- +-tt-r th- )p#!!#!1 (

th- r(t(r. El-/tr#/#t4 #) pr("'/-" 7h-! th- r(t(r )p#!) #! th- h(')#!1 a!" th- r(t(r #)

/(!!-/t-" t( a 1-ar+( 7#th l(7 )p--" al-, #!/r-a)#!1 th- )p--" ( r(tat#(!. Th-

1-ar+( (! th- (th-r )#"- #) /(!!-/t-" 7#th h#1h )p--" al- )p#!!#!1 th- 1-!-rat(r t(

pr("'/- -l-/tr#/#t4. A! -l-/tr(a1!-t atta/h-" t( thal- r(tat-) 7#th#! a 7#r-" -)h,

/r-at#!1 a1!-t#/ #-l" 7h#/h pr("'/- )tr(!1 -l-/tr#/ /'rr-!t 2.

Ca+l-) /arr4 th- -l-/tr#/ /'rr-!t t( th- +a)- ( th- t(7-r a!" th- tra!)(r-r )t-p) 'p=

"(7! th- (lta1- a//(r"#!1 t( th- ')a1- (! )#t-. C(!tr(l )4)t-) a!" (th-r -l-/tr(!#/)

(!#t(r, a!a1-, a!" (pt##


24/67

2$

F#1'r- $. C(!)tr'/t#(! ( W#!" T'r+#!-


25/67

2

$. Sta!" Al(!- H4+r#" S4)t-)

Sta!" al(!- h4+r#" )4)t-) /(!)#)t ( -l-/tr#/#t4 pr("'/-" +4 )(lar a!" 7#!" -!-r14.

S#!/- 7#!" a!" )(lar #!)(lat#(! (//'r !at'rall4, th-4 /a!!(t +- t(tall4 r-pla/-" +4 ())#l

'-l) alt(1-th-r. Th-r- ar- a!4 l(/at#(!) 7h-r- th-r- #) (r- 7#!" a!" l-)) )'!)h#!- #!

th- 7#!t-r )-a)(! a!" l(/at#(!) 7h-r- th-r- #) pl-!t4 ( )'!)h#!- #! th- )'-r +'t

rar-l4 a!4 7#!". S( th-r- !--") t( +- a pr(#)#(! "'r#!1 7(r)t /a)- )#t'at#(!) a)

-pla#!-". Ha#!1 a 7#!" t'r+#!- a!" )(lar pa!-l) pr("'/- -l-/tr#/#t4 t(1-th-r -l##!at-)

th- "ra7+a/;) ( a )ta!"al(!- )(larK7#!" )4)t-. Th#) -!)'r-) l(a" #) -t. Wh-! th-

-l-/tr#/#t4 )'ppl4 "-a!") ar- !(t -t, a +a/;'p "#-)-l 1-!-rat(r #) al)( ')-" t( --t th-

"-a!") 22.

F#1'r- $. H4+r#" P(7-r S4)t-


26/67

2

F#1'r- a+(- )h(7) a h4+r#" p(7-r )4)t- 2%. Th- )4)t- /(!)#)t) ( )(lar pa!-l),

7#!" t'r+#!-), +att-r4 +a!; a!" a 1-!-rat(r. Th- +att-r4 +a!; #) ')-" t( )t(r- a!4 -/-))

-l-/tr#/#t4 1-!-rat-" 7h#/h /a! +- ')-" at l(7 p-r#("). A!" th- +a/;'p 1-!-rat(r )tart)

7(r;#!1 7h-! th-r- #) !( /har1- l-t #! th- +att-r4.


27/67

2

Chapt-r

METHODOLOGY

.2 Fl(7/hart

F#1'r- .2 Fl(7/hart

P(7-r1-!-rat-"--t)

p(7-r"-a!"

U)- +a/;'p1-!-rat(r) t()'ppl4 p(7-r

Ar-)t(ra1-

+att-r#-)l(7

N( Y-)

P(7-r1-!.-/--")

p(7-r"-a!"

Y-)

St(r- -/-))

p(7-r #! St(ra1-+att-r#-)

N(

Y-)

P(7-r 1-!-rat#(!+4 7#!" t'r+#!-)(r )(lar pa!-l) (r

+(th

P(7-r 1-!-rat-" P(7-r D-a!"

N(

U)- St(ra1-

+att-r#-) t()'ppl4 p(7-r


28/67

2

.$ Al1(r#th

Th- )t-p) #!(l-" (r /h(()#!1 th- !'+-r ( 7#!" t'r+#!-) a!" )(lar pa!-l) ar- a)

(ll(7)5

F#!" th- a-ra1- p(7-r "-a!" ( th- l(/at#(!.

F#!" th- a-ra1- h('rl4 7#!", )(lar #!)(lat#(! ( l(/at#(! '!"-r )t'"4. D-p-!"#!1

'p(! th- aa#la+l- "ata, th- !'+-r ( 7#!" a!" )(lar t'r+#!-) )h('l" +- )-l-/t-"

)'/h that th- p(7-r 1-!-rat-" +4 th-)- "-#/-) )h('l" at/h th- a/t'al p(7-r

"-a!" ( that ar-a.

Th- !'+-r ( 7#!" t'r+#!-) )h('l" +- ;-pt a) #!#' a) p())#+l- +-/a')- th-

rat#!1) ( th- 7#!" t'r+#!-) ar- '/h 1r-at-r tha! that ( )(lar pa!-l).

S-l-/t th- appr(pr#at- /(+#!at#(! ( 7#!" t'r+#!-) a!" )(lar pa!-l) +4 )-l-/t#!1

!: !'+-r ( 7#!" t'r+#!-) a!" #!/r-a)#!1 th- !'+-r ( )(lar pa!-l) )'/h that

(-r a 1#-! p-r#(" ( t#-, th- p(7-r "-#/#tK)'rpl') >th- a-ra1- h('rl4 -a!

al'- ( th- "#-r-!/- +-t7--! th- p(7-r 1-!-rat-" a!" p(7-r "-a!"? (r 7#!"

t'r+#!-) (r )(lar pa!-l) (r /(+#!at#(! ( +(th )h('l" +-


29/67

2&

o Case :W#!" Al(!- p(7-r 1-!-rat#!1 )4)t- >)(lar

pa!-l)? (r )(lar pa!-l) )h('l" +- -0'al t( (r 1r-at-r tha!


30/67


31/67

2

Chapt-r

CALCULATIONS AND SIMULATIONS

.2 L(a" D-a!"

L(a" -!-r14 pr(#l- #) "a#l4 r-/(r"-" (r a p-r#(" ( 2 (!th a!" th-! th- a-ra1-

h('rl4 l(a" pr(#l- #) /al/'lat-". F#1'r- +-l(7 )h(7) th- t4p#/al a-ra1- l(a" "-a!"

( a )all #lla1- (! h('rl4 +a)#).


32/67

$%

F#1'r- .2 A-ra1- H('rl4 L(a" D-a!"

.$ F(r'la) a!" Sp-/##/at#(!)

2. G-!-ral (r'la a!" )p-/##/at#(!) (r ('tp't p(7-r 1-!-rat-" +4 a )#!1l- P* Pa!-l

ar- a) (ll(7)5

Ma#' P(7-r 2$% W

E#/#-!/4 2$

Ar-a 2.%& $

T(tal Cap#tal C()t Q2

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O'tp't p(7-r 1-!-rat-" +4 a )#!1l- P* pa!-l #) /al/'lat-" ')#!1 th- (ll(7#!1 -0'at#(!.

Th- -0'at#(! +-l(7 #1!(r-) th- t-p-rat'r- --/t (! P* /-ll) 2$.

Pp>t? I!)>t? A Ep

Wh-r-,

I!)>t? I!)(lat#(! "ata at t#- t #! 8WK$

A Ar-a ( a )#!1l- pa!-l #! $

Ep E#/#-!/4 ( th- P* pa!-l).

Th- 1raph +-l(7 )h(7) th- a-ra1- h('rl4 )(lar #!)(lat#(! "ata (r a "a4 #! th- (!th (

Mar/h at Ja#)al-r, Ra3a)tha! 2&.


33/67

$2

F#1'r- .$ A-ra1- H('rl4 S(lar Pr(#l-)

S'+)t#t't#!1 th- #!)(lat#(! al'-) r( th- a+(- #1'r- a!" th- P* pa!-l para-t-r) #!

th- a+(- -0'at#(! 7- /a! pl(t th- ('tp't p(7-r 1-!-rat-" +4 a )#!1l- P* pa!-l at -a/h

h('r. Th-)- al'-) ha- +--! 1-!-rat-" r( th- /("- 1#-! #! t(p#/ ..


34/67

$$

F#1'r- . Graph ( ('tp't ( a )#!1l- P* pa!-l at -a/h h('r ( th- "a4

$. G-!-ral (r'la a!" )p-/##/at#(!) (r ('tp't p(7-r 1-!-rat-" +4 a )#!1l- 7#!"

t'r+#!- ar- a) (ll(7)5

Rat-" P(7-r 2% 8W

R(t(r D#a-t-r &

W#!" T'r+#!- E#/#-!/4 >Cp? % A))'-"

A#r "-!)#t4 2.$$ ;1K

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T(tal Cap#tal C()t Q$%%%%

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35/67

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a#r "-!)#t4 #! ;1K

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Cp -#/#-!/4 ( th- 7#!" t'r+#!-

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Th- 1raph +-l(7 )h(7) th- a-ra1- h('rl4 7#!" "ata -a)'r-" at th- 1#-! )#t- 7h#/h #!

th#) /a)- #) Ja#)al-r, Ra3a)tha! 2.


36/67

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F#1'r- . A-ra1- H('rl4 W#!" Pr(#l-

S'+)t#t't#!1 th- h('rl4 a-ra1- 7#!" )p--" r( a+(- #1'r- a!" th- 7#!" t'r+#!-

para-t-r) #! th- 7#!" -0'at#(! 7- /a! pl(t th- p(7-r ('tp't 1-!-rat-" at -a/h h('r +4 a

)#!1l- 7#!" t'r+#!-. . Th-)- al'-) ha- +--! 1-!-rat-" r( th- /("- 1#-! #! t(p#/ ..


37/67

$

F#1'r- . Graph ( ('tp't ( a )#!1l- 7#!" t'r+#!- at -a/h h('r ( th- "a4

!" #eneral formula for Po$er deficit%surplus is as follo$s:

P(7-r "-#/#tK)'rpl') #) (+ta#!-" +4 ta;#!1 "#-r-!/- +-t7--! p(7-r 1-!-rat-" a!"

p(7-r "-a!" 7h#/h #) 1#-! a) (ll(7)5

P(7-r "-#/#tK)'rpl') P(7-r G-!-rat-" P(7-r D-a!".

&" Battery Specifications

T4p- D--p C4/l-

*(lta1- 2$ *Capa/#t4 2%% Ah

Rat#!1 2$%% W 2.$8W

Pr#/- Q$$

Ta+l- . Batt-r4 Sp-/##/at#(!)


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39/67

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l(a" #.-. p(7-r "-#/#tK)'rpl') t( +- -0'al t( (r 1r-at-r tha!


40/67

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F#1'r- . A-ra1- Da#l4 E!-r14 C'r- (r W#!" Al(!- D-)#1!

Fr( th- a+(- 1raph, #t #) /l-ar that th- "#-r-!/- #! th- p-a; t( p-a; al'-) ( -!-r14

/'r- #) 2.8Wh.

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N'+-r ( +att-r#-) R-0'#r-" St(ra1- Capa/#t4

>%.? >rat-" /apa/#t4 ( -a/h +att-r4?


41/67

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2.K >%.2.$?

2.

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42/67

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43/67

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F#1'r- .22 A-ra1- Da#l4 E!-r14 C'r- (r S(lar Al(!- D-)#1!


/'r- #) $$.8Wh.


N'+-r ( +att-r#-) R-0'#r-" St(ra1- Capa/#t4

>%.? >rat-" /apa/#t4 ( -a/h +att-r4?

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44/67


45/67

F#1'r- .2$ Graph ( !(. ( P* Pa!-l) r-0'#r-" #!H4+r#" D-)#1! I

Fr( th- 1raph, #t #) /l-ar-" that & )(lar pa!-l) ar- r-0'#r-" (r th- )4)t- t( +- )ta+l-



46/67


47/67

F#1'r- .2 A-ra1- Da#l4 E!-r14 C'r- (r H4+r#" D-)#1! I


/'r- #) 2.8Wh.

S(, th- !'+-r ( +att-r#-) /a! +- /al/'lat-" r( th- +att-r#-) -0'at#(!) a)

N'+-r ( +att-r#-) 2.K >%.2.$?

$%.2

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48/67

II. N'+-r ( )(lar pa!-l) 7#th $ 7#!" t'r+#!-5

Th- !'+-r ( )(lar pa!-l) r-0'#r-" (r th- +ala!/-" )4)t- >p(7-r

"-#/#tK)'rpl') %? /a! +- (+ta#!-" r( th- (ll(7#!1 1raph5

F#1'r- .2 Graph ( N( ( P* Pa!-l) r-0'#r-" #!H4+r#" D-)#1! II

Fr( th- 1raph, #t #) /l-ar that 2 )(lar pa!-l) ar- r-0'#r-" (r th- )4)t- t( --t th- l(a"



49/67


50/67

F#1'r- .2& A-ra1- Da#l4 E!-r14 C'r- (r H4+r#" D-)#1! II


/'r- #) 2&.%8Wh.


N'+-r ( +att-r#-) 2K>%.2.$?

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51/67

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52/67

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7#!". . .$ . .$ . .$ . . . . .&& .$ .& .& . . .2 .$ . .

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54/67

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55/67

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56/67

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Th- /("- (r H4+r#" >7#!" a!" )(lar? /(!#1'rat#(! #) ')-" t( 1-!-rat- th- (ll(7#!1

1raph)5

F#1'r- .2$ Graph ( !(. ( P* Pa!-l) r-0'#r-" #! H4+r#" D-)#1! I

F#1'r- .2 Graph ( A-ra1- D-#/#tKS'rpl') P(7-r at -a/h h('r ( th- "a4

F#1'r- .2 A-ra1- Da#l4 E!-r14 C'r- (r H4r+#" D-)#1! I

F#1'r- .2 Graph ( N( ( P* Pa!-l) r-0'#r-" #! H4+r#" D-)#1! II

F#1'r- .2 Graph ( A-ra1- D-#/#tKS'rpl') P(7-r at -a/h h('r ( th- "a4

F#1'r- .2& A-ra1- Da#l4 E!-r14 C'r- (r H4r+#" D-)#1! II

Code: Th- /("- (r h4+r#" >7#!" a!" )(lar? p(7-r 1-!-rat#!1 )4)t- #) a) (ll(7)5

t#-2 $ & 2% 22 2$ 2 2 2 2 2& 2 2 $% $2 $$ $ $

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59/67

&

Chapt-r

COST OPTIMIZATION

At-r /al/'lat#!1 th- )#I?

TP* Cp C7#!" C+at C1-! >II?

CRF #>2#?! K >2#?! 2 >III?

Wh-r-,

TP* T(tal pr-)-!t al'- ( all /(p(!-!t)

CRF Cap#tal R-/(-r4 Fa/t(r

LCE L--l#)-" /()t ( -!-r14

El(a" T(tal 4-arl4 l(a" #! 8Wh

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60/67

C7#!" pr-)-!t al'- ( /ap#tal a!" a#!t-!a!/- /()t ( 7#!" t'r+#!-) #! )4)t-

l#-

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$

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Chapt-r

CONCLUSION

Fr( th- a+(- r-)'lt) 7- /(!/l'"- that (r th#) /a)- )t'"4, a )(lar al(!- (r th- h4+r#"

"-)#1! I 7('l" a;- )-!)- rath-r tha! #!)tall#!1 th- 7#!" al(!- "-)#1! (r h4+r#" "-)#1!

II. Th- al1(r#th 7a) "-)#1!-" t( #!" th- (pt#' )#


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REFERENCES

2 http5KK777.'/)')a.(r1K/l-a!6-!-r14Kt-/h!(l(146a!"6#pa/t)K#pa/t)Kp'+l#/=

+-!-#t)=(=r-!-7a+l-.htlDat-5 %K$K$%2%

$ http5KK777.alt-r!at#-=-!-r14=r-)('r/-).!-tKDat-5 %K$K$%2%

http5KKr-!-7a+l--!-r14=t("a4./(KR-!-7a+l-=E!-r14KA"a!ta1-)=D#)a"a!ta1-)=

R-!-7a+l-=E!-r14.htlDat-5 %K%K$%2%

http5KK777.)(lar)/h((l).!-tKr-)('r/-)K)t'Ka"a!ta1-)6a!"6"#)a"a!ta1-).a)p

Dat-5 %K%K$%2%

A'th(r5 P-t-r M-#)-!

T#tl-5 O-r#-7 ( R-!-7a+l- E!-r14 P(t-!t#al ( I!"#a

http5KK777.1-!#.(r1K1l(+al-!-r14Kl#+rar4K-!-r14tr-!")K/'rr-!t')a1-Kr-!-7a+l-KR-!-7a+

l-$%E!-r14$%P(t-!t#al$%(r$%I!"#a$62=26.p" Dat-5 %K$K$%2%

http5KK777.-#a."(-.1(K/a+)KI!"#aKF'll.htlDat-5 %K%K$%2%

& 777.r-t)/r--!.!-tK"(7!l(a".phpKa!1K22&K%KT-t+((;6P(.p" Dat-5 %K%K$%2%

http5KK777.r)(lar./(K/(!t-!tKr-(t-=)(lar=/a+#!).phpDat-5 %K%K$%2%

http5KK777.)(lar)a./(Ka+('t=)(lar=-!-r14K)(lar/-ll).htlDat-5 %K%K$%2%

2% http5KK777.ra/tal-!l#1ht-!-!t./(K$%%K%&K)(lar=p(7-r="-p-!"a+l-=-!-r14=(r=

#!"#a.htl Dat-5 %K%$K$%2%

22 http5KK777.#-a=

)h/.(r1Kp'+l#/at#(!)Kta);2Kta);626ph(t((lta#/)6#!6+'#l"#!1)6p$.p"Dat-5 %K$%K$%2%
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/technology_and_impacts/impacts/public-benefits-of-renewable.htmlhttp://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/technology_and_impacts/impacts/public-benefits-of-renewable.htmlhttp://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/technology_and_impacts/impacts/public-benefits-of-renewable.htmlhttp://www.alternative-energy-resources.net/http://www.alternative-energy-resources.net/http://renewableenergy-today.com/Renewable-Energy/Advantages-Disadvantages-Renewable-Energy.htmlhttp://renewableenergy-today.com/Renewable-Energy/Advantages-Disadvantages-Renewable-Energy.htmlhttp://www.solarschools.net/resources/stuff/advantages_and_disadvantages.aspxhttp://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/energytrends/currentusage/renewable/Renewable%20Energy%20Potential%20for%20India%5B2%5D_%5B1%5D-1_.pdfhttp://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/energytrends/currentusage/renewable/Renewable%20Energy%20Potential%20for%20India%5B2%5D_%5B1%5D-1_.pdfhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/India/Full.htmlhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/India/Full.htmlhttp://www.retscreen.net/download.php/ang/117/0/Textbook_PV.pdfhttp://www.retscreen.net/download.php/ang/117/0/Textbook_PV.pdfhttp://www.retscreen.net/download.php/ang/117/0/Textbook_PV.pdfhttp://www.mrsolar.com/content/remote-solar-cabins.phphttp://www.mrsolar.com/content/remote-solar-cabins.phphttp://www.solarsam.com/about-solar-energy/solarcells.htmlhttp://www.fractalenlightenment.com/2008/07/solar-power-dependable-energy-for-india.htmlhttp://www.fractalenlightenment.com/2008/07/solar-power-dependable-energy-for-india.htmlhttp://www.iea-shc.org/publications/task16/task_16_photovoltaics_in_buildings_p2.pdfhttp://www.iea-shc.org/publications/task16/task_16_photovoltaics_in_buildings_p2.pdfhttp://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/technology_and_impacts/impacts/public-benefits-of-renewable.htmlhttp://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/technology_and_impacts/impacts/public-benefits-of-renewable.htmlhttp://www.alternative-energy-resources.net/http://renewableenergy-today.com/Renewable-Energy/Advantages-Disadvantages-Renewable-Energy.htmlhttp://renewableenergy-today.com/Renewable-Energy/Advantages-Disadvantages-Renewable-Energy.htmlhttp://www.solarschools.net/resources/stuff/advantages_and_disadvantages.aspxhttp://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/energytrends/currentusage/renewable/Renewable%20Energy%20Potential%20for%20India%5B2%5D_%5B1%5D-1_.pdfhttp://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/energytrends/currentusage/renewable/Renewable%20Energy%20Potential%20for%20India%5B2%5D_%5B1%5D-1_.pdfhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/India/Full.htmlhttp://www.retscreen.net/download.php/ang/117/0/Textbook_PV.pdfhttp://www.mrsolar.com/content/remote-solar-cabins.phphttp://www.solarsam.com/about-solar-energy/solarcells.htmlhttp://www.fractalenlightenment.com/2008/07/solar-power-dependable-energy-for-india.htmlhttp://www.fractalenlightenment.com/2008/07/solar-power-dependable-energy-for-india.htmlhttp://www.iea-shc.org/publications/task16/task_16_photovoltaics_in_buildings_p2.pdfhttp://www.iea-shc.org/publications/task16/task_16_photovoltaics_in_buildings_p2.pdf


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2$ A'th(r)5 D.B. N-l)(!, M.H. N-hr#r a!" C. Wa!1

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final report- hybrid

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