final presentation on deep foundation

8/17/2019 Final Presentation on Deep Foundation

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PRESENTATION ON CONSTRUCTION

OF PILE FOUNDATION


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Foundation: It is the lowest part of struturewhih pro!ides a "ase for the super struture#This ter$ inludes the portion of the struture"elow the %round le!el as well as the arti&ial

arran%e$ent of onrete "lo'( piles( raft(%rilla%e( well( et# pro!ided to trans$it theloads on the struture inludin% the dead loadof the struture itself to the soil "elow# Thusthe foundation is pro!ided for the followin%four $ain purpose :

)#To distri"ute the wei%ht of the strutureo!er lar%e area of the soil "eneath#

*#To load the su"stratu$ e!enl+ and thuspre!ent une,ual settle$ent#

-#To pro!ide a le!el surfae for "uildin%operations#

FOUNDATIONS


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T/PES OF FOUNDATIONS

0roadl+ the+ are of two t+pes)# S1ALLO2 FOUNDATION*# DEEP FOUNDATION

)# S1ALLO2 FOUNDATION:2hen the foundation is i$$ediatel+ plaed"eneath the lowest part of the superstruture( it is ter$ed as shallow

foundation# The o"3et of this t+pe offoundation is to distri"ute the strutureloads o!er a onsidera"le hori4ontal areanear the surfae#


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DEEP FOUNDATIONS

2hen the strata of %ood "earin% apait+is not a!aila"le near the %round ( thefoundation of the struture has to "e ta'endeep with the purpose of attainin% a "earin%

stratu$ whih is suita"le in all respet# Inaddition there $a+ "e $an+ otheronditions whih $a+ re,uire deepfoundation for ensurin% sta"ilit+ and dura"ilit+of a struture ( for e5a$ple the foundation ofa "rid%e pier is plaed $uh "elow the

sour depth ( althou%h suita"le "earin%stratu$ $a+ e5ist at a hi%her le!el # The$ost o$$on for$ of onstrution pertainin%to deep foundation are :6

PILES

PIERS 7 2ELLS 7 CAISSIONS


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PILE FOUNDATIONS

Piles are relati!el+ lon% and slender $e$"erused to trans$it foundation loads throu%h asoil strata of low "earin% apait+ to deeper

soil throu%h s'in frition de!eloped around thepile surfae or ro' strata ha!in% hi%h "earin%apait+# The+ are also used in nor$al %roundonditions to resist hea!+ uplift fores or inpoor soil onditions to resist hori4ontal loads#


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FUNCTIONS OF PILES

These are %enerall+ used when si$plespread foundation at a suita"le depthis not possi"le either "eause thestratu$ of re,uired "earin% apait+ isat a %reater depth or a steep slopesare enountered# In o$pressi"le soil orwater lo%%ed soil or soil of $ade up

t+pes ( piles are used with ad!anta%efor pro!idin% safe foundation for an+t+pe of struture# In %eneral( pilefoundation pro!ides a o$$on solution

to all di8ult foundation site pro"le$s#


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PILES 6 T/PE 9 CLASSIFICATIONS

0ASED ON INSTALLATION:

DRIEN T/PE: CAST6IN6SITU

PRECAST STEEL

0ORED T/PE:

CAST6IN6SITU

PRECAST PRE60ORED


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PILES 6 T/PE 9 CLASSIFICATIONS;Contd#(<

0ASED ON =ATERIAL:

CONCRETE( STEEL 9 2OOD 0ASED ON FUNCTION:

FRICTION( END 0EARIN> ORCO=0INATION

0ASED ON S1APE:

S?UARE( ROUND( 1E@A>ONAL(OCTA>ONAL( 1 OR I 6 SECTION

0ASED ON INCLINATION:

ERTICAL OR 0ATTERED


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FACTORS FOR SELECTIONOF PILIN> S/STE=

Three =ain Fators are to "e onsidered:

a< Loation and t+pe of Struture:

The dri!en ast in situ piles in whih shell re$ains in

position are the $ost fa!oured for wor's under watersuh as piles in under water strutures and 3etties#Dri!en and ast in situ t+pe are usuall+ the heapest for$oderate loadin% and unha$pered site onditions inland# 1owe!er (the pro5i$it+ of the e5istin% "uildin%will often neessitate the seletion of a t+pe whih an"e installed without the %round hea!e or the !i"rationli'e so$e for$ of "ored and ast in plae piles#

a'ed piles are suita"le for underpinnin% e5istin%strutures# Lar%e dia# 0ored piles are nor$all+ the $osteono$ial t+pes for !er+ hea!+ strutures( espeiall+in %round whih an "e drilled "+ power au%ers#


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"round onditions:

Dri!en piles annot "e used eono$iall+ in%round onditions where %round hea!e would "edetri$ental# On the other hand( dri!en piles arepreferred for loose water "earin% sands and%ra!els where o$pation due to dri!in% ande!elop full potential "earin% apait+ of soils#Steel 1 piles( ha!in% a low %round displae$ent(are suita"le for onditions where deep penetrationis re,uired in soils and %ra!els# StiB la+ fa!oredthe adoption of "ored and under rea$ed piles#Under rea$ed "ases an not "e for$ed inohesion less soils#

FACTORS FOR SELECTIONOF PILIN> S/STE= ;Contd#(<


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< Dura"ilit+:

For piles dri!en in $arine onditions( pre astpiles an "e preferred to steel piles fro$ the

aspet of resistane to orrosion# Ti$"er piles$a+ "e re3eted in $arine onditions "eause ofthe ris' of atta' "+ destruti!e $ollies6t+pe"orers# 2here soil ontains sulphate or otherdeleterious su"stanes( piles inorporatin% hi%h

,ualit+ preast onrete units are prefera"le topiles for$ed "+ in situ onditions where plain% isdi8ult( suh as the presene of %round water$a+ result in onrete $a+ not "e thorou%hl+o$pated#

1a!in% seleted one or two "asis t+pes fro$

FACTORS FOR SELECTIONOF PILIN> S/STE= ;Contd#(<


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CAST6IN6SITUCAST6IN6SITUDRIEN PILESDRIEN PILES


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)# Carr+ out sur!e+ of the area( $ar' %rids( transferle!els and plae pile shoes on proposed pileloations #

*# =o"ilise pilin% ri% of hei%ht of ) feet 9 a"o!e9 o$ponents whih onsist of asin% tu"e ofre,d# dia 9 ha$$er -# Ton# The handlin% oftu"e( ha$$er( et# are "ein% operated "+ ahea!+ dut+ - dru$ winh of apait+ T 9

a"o!e whih is powered "+ a Diesel En%ine#Asse$"le( eret( o$$ission and shift the ri% totest pile7wor'in% pile loation#

-# Pile reinfore$ent a%es and onretin%arran%e$ent should "e $ade in ad!aneinludin% desi%n of onrete $i5#

.# The pile asin% tu"e has to "e seurel+

=ET1ODOLO>/ FOR=ET1ODOLO>/ FOR

CAST6IN6SITU DRIEN PILES CAST6IN6SITU DRIEN PILES


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# Start dri!in% the pile tu"e with predeter$inedfall and wei%ht of ha$$er# Count nu$"er of"lows per $eter depth of penetration of tu"e#

Also reord set for ) "lows at end of eahrunnin% $eter of penetration#

# Che' !ertialit+ of pile tu"e in the "e%innin%and then at e!er+ $ depth of penetration# Inase there is a de!iation "e+ond per$issi"le li$it

appl+ neessar+ orretion and he' a%ain tillsatisfation#

# Stop ha$$erin% when desired depth ofpenetration and pre6deter$ined set for last )"lows are ahie!ed 9 also re,uired depth has"een reahed##

G# Chan%e wooden "lo' of dri!e ap when worn out


CAST6IN6SITU DRIEN PILES ;Contd#(


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H# Che' inside the pile tu"e with a "i% torh orhand la$p if there is an+ soil or water inside thetu"e due to "rea'a%e 7 tiltin% of pile shoe#

)#Lift dri!e6ap and ha$$er to the top of thepilin% ri% and seure the$ properl+#))#Plae the pre6fa"riated reinfore$ent a%e

inside the asin% tu"e upto the re,uired len%th#

)*#Start onretin%#

)-#Conretin% has to "e done without interruptionas per re,uired slu$p ;nor$all+ )$$< throu%ha hute art to "e poured fro$ the top of the pileasin% tu"e#

).#Pour onrete inside pile tu"e with hute art

for a"out -$ depth of pile and then lift the tu"e"+ a"out )$ with the aid of ta$pin% "+ ha$$er




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)#Continue Conretin% 9 o$plete as per re,uired,uantit+ onsiderin% pile len%th $$ a"o!ethe pile ut oB le!el#

)#Lift the pile tu"e slowl+ with winh 9 "+ the aidof ta$pin% of ha$$er for the full hei%ht 9 shiftthe ri% to the ne5t pile loation#

)#Che' if pile a%e has "een lifted or onrete isshort or in e5ess on top of pile shaft# On that

"asis ad3ust the onrete ,uantit+ to "e pouredinto the pile#

)G#Lift the pile tu"e slowl+ with winh and with aidof ta$pin% of ha$$er for the full hei%ht andshift the ri% to the ne5t pile loation#

)H#Che' wor'a"ilit+ of onrete 9 prepareonrete u"es durin% the proess of onretin%




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18A T+pial Dri!en Cast6in6Situ Pilin% Ri% in operation


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19A T+pial T+pe of Pile Shoe


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20Fi5in% of Pile Casin% Tu"e o!er the Pre6&5ed Pile


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21Dri!in% of pile tu"e in pro%ress


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22Dri!in% of pile tu"e in pro%ress


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23Dri!in% the pile tu"e with fall and wei%ht of


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CAST6IN6SITUCAST6IN6SITU0ORED PILES0ORED PILES


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)# Neessar+ sur!e+ is to "e o$pleted and pilepoints $ar'ed#

*# Drillin% ri% &tted with suita"le tool ;soil or ro'"orin% tool< to "e positioned at the pre6$ar'edpile point #

-# After neessar+ he's for !ertialit+ of the$ast( "orin% will "e started #

.# On o$pletion of "orin% upto a"out )$ on top(te$porar+ steel asin% will "e installed inposition usin% speial attah$ent to the head#The asin% will "e %raduall+ pushed to there,uired depth in ad!ane of "orin%( ensurin%!ertialit+#

# 0entonite slurr+ will "e prepared "+ $i5in%"entonite owder with water to the re uired


CAST6IN6SITU 0ORED PILES CAST6IN6SITU 0ORED PILES


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# 0entonite suspension will "e &lled into the pile"ore for sta"ilisation of sides "efore startin%"orin% "elow "otto$ of te$porar+ asin%# The

le!el of "entonite in the pile "ore shall alwa+s "e$aintained )# $ a"o!e the "otto$ of asin% or%round water ta"le whihe!er is hi%her#

# Further "orin% will "e ontinued usin% suita"le"orin% tools# Au%er "orin% $a+ "e ontinued till

water ta"le is reahed# 1owe!er when "orin% isre,uired to "e done "elow %round water ta"leand "ored $u' is not %ettin% olleted in theau%er( "u'et tools ;soil 7 ro' "u'et< will "eused for "orin%#


CAST6IN6SITU 0ORED PILES ;Contd#(


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G# Reinfore$ent should "e leaned "+ wire "rush#2here spei&ed the sa$e shall "e treated withinhi"itor solution "efore use as per spei&ation#

Spei&ed o!er "lo's shall "e pro!ided toreinfore$ent a%e for the pile# The "indin% ofreinfore$ent shall "e done with =S annealedwire 7 PC oated wire as spei&ed# In ase epo5+oated "ars are spei&ed to "e used the "ars and

the a%e shall "e handled with are not to ausean+ da$a%e to the oatin%#

H# One the "ore has reahed the desired depth(the "otto$ of the "ore will "e leaned "+leanin% "u'et and "+ "entonite ushin%# Thereinfore$ent a%e shall then "e lowered into

the pile "ore#




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)#0efore the onretin% starts the "ore shall "eushed a%ain with fresh "entonite suspension#For this the tre$ie pipe shall "e lowered into the

"ore and the "entonite shall "e pu$ped throu%hthe tre$ie pipe# The "entonite slurr+ olleteddurin% the ushin% operation shall "e olletedin the o$part$ents of the !at#

))#One the ushin% operation is o$plete( funnel

shall "e attahed on top of the tre$ie pipe forpourin% of onrete# The onrete shall "e plaedin the "ore throu%h the tre$ie# Durin%onretin% are has to "e ta'en to see that thetre$ie pipe is alwa+s e$"edded in onrete "+)# to )# $#




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)*#0entonite on o$pletion of onretin% to there,uired ele!ation whih is usuall+ pile ut6oBle!el J #$ ;appro5


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38Che'in% pile loation after "orin% upto ertain depth


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39Che'in% pile loation after "orin% upto ertain depth


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40Inside !iew throu%h asin% tu"e after "orin%


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41Fi5in% of Tre$ie Pipe


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42Flushin% in pro%ress


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43Pre6fa"riated Reinfore$ent Ca%e


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44Lowerin% of Pre6fa"riated Reinfore$ent Ca%e into


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45Conretin% in pro%ress with the help of Transit=i5er diretl+ throu%h tre$ie pipe

Transit =i5er


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46Conretin% in pro%ress with the help of Transit

=i5er diretl+ throu%h tre$ie pipe


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47Conretin% in pro%ress with the help of Transit

=i5er diretl+ throu%h tre$ie pipe


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50Installation of Soldier ;Steel Fa"riated< Pile


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PRECAST DRIENPRECAST DRIENPILESPILES

O O O> O C S


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A< =ANUFACTURE:

)# Pre6astin% "ed of suita"le si4e will "e$ade of onrete on onsolidated%round with top le!el a few $ a"o!e

ad3oinin% for$ation le!el# Si4e of sta'in%+ard will depend on $a5 no# of piles to "e

stored at a ti$e#

*# Steel $oulds will "e used for !ertialsides and "otto$ fae of pre ast piles

unless otherwise a%reed and on the"asis of she$e &nali4ed for support of$oulds( reinfore$ent "ars7 "olts will "e left

protrudin% fro$ "ed onrete#

-# Prefa"riate the reinfore$ent a%e forpile as per drawin% and spei&ation andplae it on the "ed 7 "otto$ shutterin%

=ET1ODOLO>/ FOR PRECAST=ET1ODOLO>/ FOR PRECAST

REINFORCED CONCRETE DRIEN PILESREINFORCED CONCRETE DRIEN PILES

=ET1ODOLO>/ FOR PRECAST


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.# Fi5 side shutterin%( ali%n and le!el# Pro!ideslee!es for slin%in% holes( dri!in% shoe and

3ettin% pipe if re,uired as per dr%# Inase of 3ointed pile &5 3oint asse$"l+ "+ weldin% or as

spei&ed# >et he'ed "+ when read+ foronretin%#

# Pour onrete in la+ers and o$pat properl+#Finish top surfae of pile properl+#

# Co!er top surfae with hessian loth and then

sprin'le with water for ontinuous urin%## 2hen onrete attains su8ient stren%th to

withstand handlin% stresses( the pile will "elifted "+ pre6deter$ined two point liftin% andshifted to sta'in% +ard and ured there fora"out ) da+s "efore "ein% used for dri!in%#

G# Date of astin% and pile $ar' in ase of $ore



;Contd#( O C S=ET1ODOLO>/ FOR PRECAST


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0< TRANSPORT:

)# Piles will "e lifted fro$ sta'in% +ard "+suita"le rane and plaed on trailer ofnor$al or low "ed t+pe dependin% on

len%th of pile( distane and t+pe of terrainand route to "e o!ered in transport#

*# No preast pile will "e allowed to "edra%%ed fro$ sta'in% +ard to piledri!in% area or upto Pile Dri!er to

a!oid undesira"le stress on the pile#-# Unloadin% of piles fro$ trailer( shiftin%

and feedin% the pile to Pile Dri!er will "edone "+ suita"le rane#



;Contd#(/ FOR PRECAST=ET1ODOLO>/ FOR PRECAST


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C< DRIIN>:

)# Pile Dri!er of suita"le apait+ withha$$er t+pe and wei%ht as a%reed inontrat will "e used# Fall of ha$$er will "e

ad3usted "ased on re,uire$ent of ener%+ todri!e the partiular t+pe and len%th of pile

in the soil t+pe enountered#

*# Loation of pile in a %roup will "e $ar'edon %round "ased on land sur!e+ done and %ot

appro!ed# This will "e repeated for other%roups as well#

-# The Pile Dri!er will "e shifted to pileloation in a %roup# It will "e preferred tostart dri!in% pile at the enter of the%roup and then $o!e outwards# A%ain in a"uildin% or in a lar%e area to "e &lled with



;Contd#(/ FOR PRECAST=ET1ODOLO>/ FOR PRECAST


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.# Pile will "e lifted at the loation and!ertialit+ he'ed#

# Dri!e pile to the re,uired depth# In ase of 3ointed piles when "otto$ len%th of pile is

dri!en with top )$ or so onl+ pro3etin% theseond len%th of pile will "e 3ointed as perproedure spei&ed# Sa$e proess will "erepeated if the total pile len%th onsists of -len%ths of short piles#

# Care shall "e ta'en not to da$a%e pilehead or 3oints#



;Contd#(


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STEEL S1EETSTEEL S1EETPILESPILES



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)# Proposed ali%n$ent alon% whih the sheetpiles are to "e dri!en will "e $ar'ed on%round#

*# The %uides will then "e &5ed#

-# Sheet pile of desi%ned len%th will "e lifted "+a rane of suita"le apait+ # It will "e heldthrou%h %round release sha'le#

.# The piles will "e positioned on the $ar'ed line'eepin% the enter of two luthes o!er it#

# >round release sha'le will then "e released## The dri!in% will "e done in luth "etween

ad3aent piles usin% 1+drauli 1a$$er 7 i"ro1a$$er or other suita"le e,uip$ent# 2ei%htand fall of ha$$er with fre,uen+ will "e

ad3usted "ased on ener%+ re,uire$ent fro$


STEEL S1EET PILESSTEEL S1EET PILES



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# It is a %eneral pheno$enon that durin% dri!in%the sheet pile leans towards free side in thediretion of dri!in%# To 'eep the sheet pileswithin !ertial tolerane of sa+( ) in ( as a

preautionar+ $easure( the )st

sheet pile onan+ line will "e dri!en leanin% opposite to freeside#

G# 1ori4ontal tolerane in dri!in% will nor$all+ "eK - to $$ on the $ar'ed line#

H# Dri!in% will "e done upto desi%ned toe le!el #)#In ase due to e5istene of !er+ hard strataa"o!e foundin% le!el sheet piles annot "edri!en to full depth( pre "orin% of ) to ) $dia$eter will "e done upto foundin% le!elalon% the line at ) to )# $ts# enter to enterto $ini$i4e resistane# Alternati!el+ hi%h


STEEL S1EET PILES ;Contd#(


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=ARINE PILIN>=ARINE PILIN>2ORS2ORS


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PILE LOADPILE LOADTESTIN>TESTIN>

PILE LOAD TESTIN>PILE LOAD TESTIN>


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PILE LOAD TESTIN>PILE LOAD TESTIN>

Pile Load Test is the $ost diret $ethodfor deter$inin% the safe load on pilesinludin% its strutural apait+ w# r# t# soil

in whih it is installed# There are twot+pes of tests for eah t+pe of loadin%na$el+( initial and routine test#

PILE LOAD TESTIN> ;Contd ;Contd


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PILE LOAD TESTIN> ;Contd#( ;Contd#(<

Initial Test:This test is re,uired for thefollowin% purposes

•Deter$ination of ulti$ate apaities 9

arri!al at safe load "+ appliation of fatorof Safet+#

•To pro!ide %uidelines for settin% up theli$its of aeptane for routine tests#

• To stud+ the eBet of pilin% on ad3aentstrutures and ta'e deision for thesuita"ilit+ of t+pe of piles#

•To %et an idea of suita"ilit+ of pilin%

PILE LOAD TESTIN> ;Contd ;Contd


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PILE LOAD TESTIN> ;Contd#( ;Contd#(<

Routine Test:This test is re,uired for thefollowin% purposes

•Deter$ination of riteria the safe load of

the pile#

•Che'in% safe load and e5tent of safet+for the spei& funtional re,uire$ent ofthe pile at wor'in% load#

•Detetion of an+ unusual perfor$aneontrar+ to the &ndin%s of the initial test#

CRITERIA FOR DETER=INATION OFCRITERIA FOR DETER=INATION OF


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CRITERIA FOR DETER=INATION OFCRITERIA FOR DETER=INATION OF

CAPACIT/ OF PILECAPACIT/ OF PILE

For Initial Test:

a< Two6thirds of the &nal load at whih the totaldisplae$ent attains a !alue of )*$$ unlessotherwise re,uired in a %i!en ase on the "asis

of nature and t+pe of struture in whih ase(the safe load should "e orrespondin% to thestated total displae$ent per$issi"le#

"< M of the &nal load at whih the totaldisplae$ent e,ual )M of the pile dia$eter inase of unifor$ dia$eter piles and #M of "ul"dia$eter in ase of under rea$ed piles#

For routine test:

It shall "e arried out on a wor'in% pile for a

test load of at least one and a half ti$es the

=ethods of Pile Load Test


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=ethods of Pile Load TestCon!entional =ethod

>enerall+suita"le fortest load upto =T#

T+pial

arran%e$ent forload test with'entled%e


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PILIN>PILIN>E?UIP=ENTE?UIP=ENT


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Pile Casin%

Tu"e

Drop 1a$$er

PileDri!er

A T+pial Dri!en Cast6in6Situ Pilin% Ri%


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=ehaniall+ Operated Rotar+ Pilin%


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+ p + %Ri%

Suita"ilit+

Boring through soil strata or very

soft rock.ses friction kelly !hich giveshigher s"ee# #uring $oring.Base e%ui"&ent i.e. 'rane can $ein#igenous( thus i&"ort co&"onent is

less !ith overall lo! ca"italinvest&ent. )he $ase e%ui"&ent *'rane+ can $euse# for other !orks !hen there is no"iling !ork.,ess &aintenance cost.

ell+

=ehaniall+ Operated Rotar+ Pilin%


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Li$itations

-icult to $ore through har# clay

or $oul#er an# not suita$le for $oringthrough rock. -o not have any attach&ents forinstallation of te&"orary casing /"er&anent liner an# therefore nee#s

an alternative e%ui"&ent like vi$rosinker !hich increases the o"erationcost.

+ p + %Ri%

1+drauliall+ Operated Rotar+ Pilin%


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Salient Features

-ia&eter u"to 2 to 2.5 & can $e

installe# u"to a #e"th of 40 to 60 &. )he s"ee# of installation is very fast.

n u&$ai 5 to 6 "iles installe# "er#ay of 1.2& #ia&eter having #e"th

12 to 14& !ith $oring through$asaltic rock.

n -elhi 8 to 10 "iles installe# "er #ayhaving #e"th of 16 to 20&.

+ + p + %Ri%



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Salient Features

'an $ore through all ty"es of soil

an# $oul#ary strata an# #e"en#ing onhy#raulic "o!er can easily $orethrough har# rock having crushingstrength of 300 to 500 kg/c&2.

+ + p + %Ri%



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' a s

i n g

3 '

a s

i n

g 4 o

i n tSalient Features

)he intricate &echanis& ofhy#raulic syste& ena$les to&aintain constant s"ee# ofrotation un#er high tor%ue!hich is not feasi$le in

&echanical rotary rigs !hererotation re#uces to al&ost ero!hen har# strata is &et. )he rotary has s"ecialattach&ent to install te&"orary

casing / "er&anent liner #uring

+ + p + %Ri%



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93

Salient Features

)he &achine has an

e"an#a$le cra!ler$ase to givea##itional sta$ility#uring o"eration *# 4.5 &+.

)he $ase can $eretrenche# #uringtrans"ortation *# 3.0 &+. )he &ast can $e

incline# u"to 15

+ + + %Ri%



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94

Inside !iew ofOperators Ca"in

Salient Features

eries of electronic sensors

connecte# to vie!ing "anel ino"erators ca$in hel"s to &aintainverticality( &easure&ent of #e"than# control on $oring o"erationeasily.

)he entire syste& $eing controlle#fro& the o"erators ca$in( there%uire&ent of &an"o!er is veryless.

Ri%



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95

1+drauli Ri% in Folded

Condition Read+ to Transport

SalientFeatures

)he &achinegets easily fol#e#to trans"ortation&o#e an# can $e%uicklyco&&issione# atother "roect site.

)he $oringo"eration thus

can start !ithin

Ri%



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96

2or' in pro%ress lose to the"uildin%

SalientFeatures

-rilling o"erationeven in rock #oesnot "ro#uceintolera$le noisean# vi$rationsan# thus theserigs are veryuseful ininstalling the

"iles in

Ri%



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97

Li$itations

)he entire e%ui"&ent along !ith its co&"onents are

i&"orte# an# hence the invest&ent cost is al&ost 4 to 5ti&es that of &echanically o"erate# rig.ost of the co&"onents are re%uire# to $e i&"orte# an#therefore the &aintenance cost $eco&es very high. 'onsi#ering the invest&ent( &aintenance cost an# high

consu&"tion of fuel etc. the $oring cost $eco&es &uchhigher in "resent &arket situation in co&"arison toconventional syste&.

Ri%



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98

Ri%


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99=EC1ANICAL DRILLIN> RI>


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1001/DRAULIC ROTAR/ DRILLIN>


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1011/DRAULIC ROTAR/ DRILLIN>

UNDERREA=IN>


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102

UNDERREA=IN>


103/111

103

I0RO 1A==ER


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104

0ORIN> TOOLS0ORIN> TOOLS

SOIL AU>ER


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105

Diameter Height Joint

Dimensions

Shaft

Diameter

Auger

Diameter

Auger

Pitch

Thickness Teeth

Number(D) (H) (Q) (db) (dc) (P) (S)

400 !00 " 4 #$0 400 %! N 4

!00 !00 " 4 4$0 400 %! N 4

$00 !00 " $0 !$0 4!0 %! N $

&00 !00 " $0 '$0 $00 %! N $

000 !00 " $0 $0 $00 %! N &

%00 !00 " $0 $0 $00 %! N &

!00 !00 $0 4$0 $00 %! N 0

" As *er +our re,uirements-

0orin% throu%hstiB and dr+ soil

SOIL 0UCET


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106

Diameter

.+/inder

Diameter Height

Joint

Dimensions

Teeth

Number

Teeth

Numbera//

(D) (d) (h) (Q)

!00 4$0 000 " N 4 N %

$00 !#0 000 " N $ N 4

&00 '#0 000 " N $ N 4

000 #0 000 " N & N 4

%00 #0 000 " N & N 4

!00 4#0 000 " N 0 N 4

" AS P12 352 21Q562171NTS-

0orin% throu%hsoft la+s sand+

strata underwater

ROC AU>ER


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107


Dimensions

Shaft

Diameter

Auger

Diameter

Auger

Pitch

Thickness Pics

Number(D) (H) (Q) (db) (dc) (P) (S)

400 !00 " 4 #$0 400 %! &

!00 !00 " $0 4$0 400 %! %%

$00 !00 " $0 !$0 4!0 %! %4

&00 !00 " $0 '$0 $00 %! %&

000 !00 " $0 $0 $00 %! #4

%00 !00 " $0 $0 $00 %! #&


0orin% throu%hro' a"o!e

water

ROC 0UCET


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108


Dimensions

Shaft

Diameter

Auger

Diameter

Auger

Pitch

Thickness Teeth

Number

(D) (H) (Q) (db) (dc) (P) (S)

400 !00 " 4 #$0 400 %! N 4

!00 !00 " 4 4$0 400 %! N 4

$00 !00 " $0 !$0 4!0 %! N $

&00 !00 " $0 '$0 $00 %! N $

000 !00 " $0 $0 $00 %! N &

%00 !00 " $0 $0 $00 %! N &

!00 !00 $0 4$0 $00 %! N 0


0orin% throu%hhard ro' under

water

CORE 0ARRELS


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109

Diameter

.ro8n

Diameter

.ro8n

Height

.ro8n

Thickness

.+/inder

Diameter Height

Joint

Dimensions

Pics

Number(D) (Dc) (h) (Sc) (d) (H) "

!00 40 $0 %0 4&0 000 " !

$00 !0 $0 %0 !&0 000 " $

&00 '0 $0 %0 '&0 000 " %0

000 0 $0 %0 &0 000 " #0

%00 0 $0 %0 &0 000 " #%

" As *er +our re,uirements

To ut the"oulder

CLEANIN> 0UCET


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110

For Proper leanin% as &ne

partiles at the "otto$ o$e up

REFERENCES


111/111

IS: *H)) Indian Standard Code ofPratie for Desi%n and Construtionof Pile Foundations

Pile Desi%n and Constrution Pratie =# # To$linson

Soil =ehanis 9 FoundationEn%ineerin% 6 0# C# Pun$ia

www#dor%www#ieusa#o$

REFERENCES
http://www.dfi.org/http://www.iceusa.com/http://www.iceusa.com/http://www.dfi.org/

final presentation on deep foundation

Documents