final gun crime investigative cycle bridging the gaps...a well-coordinated team to manage the...
TRANSCRIPT
GUN CRIME INVESTIGATIVE CYCLE BRIDGING THE GAPS
PRESENTERS IN ORDER OF PRESENTING
• Brandon Huntley, Forensic Intelligence Strategy Manager, North America (retired Phoenix Police Department Sergeant)
• Darrell Smith, ATF Contractor - Shearwater Systems, Phoenix, AZ (retired Phoenix Police Department Detective)
• Paul Neudigate, Assistant Chief, Cincinnati Police Department
FOURTH INSTALLMENT OF 6-PART CRIME GUN INTELLIGENCE WEBINAR SERIES IN 2017
• February – Grant Writing Made Easy For Implementing Crime Fighting Strategies
• March – Making Gun Crime a Priority in Your Region: Enforcing the Laws on the Books
• June – Establishing a Gun Crime Intelligence Program Within Your Agency/Region
Following this installment:• Forensics at the Speed of Crime - September• Developing and Implementing Crime Gun
Intelligence Prosecution Strategies - November
SOME TERMS
• “IBIS” - Integrated Ballistic Identification System - IBIS is technology - the standard in over 70 countries
• - - National Integrated Ballistic Information Network –NIBIN is a program
• Administered by ATF – More than 170 sites in the United States
• “NIBIN LEAD = IBIS output results (e.g. high confidence candidate, potential hit, exhibit of interest) Not Evidence
• A “Hit” – Expert confirmation of a Potential Candidate linking at least two criminal cases/shooting events Evidence
SOME MORE TERMS . . .
• “Crime Gun Tracing” – A review of firearms transaction records to learn the transfer history associated with a particular firearm from manufacture to first retail sale
• eTrace – Electronic Trace system for U.S. sourced guns provided by ATF.
CRIME GUN INTELLIGENCE
Two main components
1. NIBIN - The inside of the gun (“ballistics”) – utilizing INTEGRATED BALLISTIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (IBIS)
2. Tracing - The outside of the gun - Serial Number, Make, Model, Caliber, Importer
INSIDE DATA LEADS TO “THE WHAT?”
Answers the Question: “What
crimes has the gun been used in?”
Crime to Crime(s))
Possessor's Gun to Crime(s)
OUTSIDE DATA LEADS TO “THE WHO?”
Answers the Question: “Who has been associated with this gun?”
CRIME GUN INTELLIGENCE
Also Includes:
ATF Industry Operations• NICS Denials/Delayed Denial
notification• Multiple Purchase• Demand Program
NCIC Transactions (stolen/recovered, found)
DNA/fingerprint analysis
Trace Evidence – blood, hairs, fibers, etc.
Gun Shot Detection Systems (Shot-Spotter) (if available)
Crime Gun Intelligence Management and Mapping (GunOps)
LPR
Combine other resources including social media (cell phone data, social media outlets, etc.)
Pawn/Parole data (if available)
BREAKING IT DOWN
• Information fuelsinvestigations - evidencepowers prosecutions
• Breaking it down in thirds• Respond & Collect Info &
Evidence• Extract & Analyze info &
evidence – with tools• Pursue Info/Evidence &
Apprehend suspects Bridge the gaps to handle traffic flow
SOLVING GUN CRIMES TAKES HANDOFFS & HANDSHAKES
A well-coordinated team to manage the handoffs - exchanges of data and information required.
Handshakes - the collaboration of investigators, forensic experts and prosecutors thinking and acting together.
Success of our collaborative efforts depends upon the team’s balance of people, processes and technology.
4 CRITICAL STEPS FOR A SUCCESSFUL NIBINAND CRIME GUN INTELLIGENCE INITIATIVE
1) Comprehensive Collection
2) Timely Turnaround (24 – 48 hours)
3) Investigative Follow-Up
4) Feedback
Darrell SmithCrime Gun Intelligence
CoordinatorATF Contractor – Shearwater
SystemsRetired Phoenix Police Detective
GUN CRIME INVESTIGATIVE CYCLEPHOENIX, AZ
1 ATF Contracted Crime Gun Intelligence Coordinator2-ATF Contracted NIBIN Techs
1 ATF Industry Operations Intelligence Specialist1 Phoenix Police Department Sergeant1 Phoenix Police Department Detective1 Phoenix Police Department Secretary
1 Phoenix Police Department Police Assistant
Approximately 20 Valley AgenciesUsers include:
DetectivesCSI’s
SecretariesCivilians
VolunteersReserve Officers
PHOENIX METRO NIBIN PROGRAM
FACILITATORSALL PERSONNEL SHOULD BE ADAPTABLE TO ALL
POSITIONS
Supervisor:Manages CGIC, Liaisons with Contributing Partner Agencies
ATF Industry Ops Investigators: IO Referral Coordinator, Trafficking Referrals, NIBIN Facilitator, Trace Analysis
Analysts: NICS Denial POC, NIBIN Package Research/Charts, Investigation Assistance, General
Database Assistance
CGI Coordinators: Contractors that Facilitate NIBIN, Enter NIBIN Evidence, Trace Metro Crime Guns
Special Agents:NIBIN Follow-up Investigations, NICS Denial cases, IO Referral Cases, FFL Burglary Cases
TFO’s: NIBIN Investigations, Liaison with Local PD
NIBIN in AZPHOENIX POLICE DEPARTMENT
• One BRASSTRAX in lab• One MATCHPOINT in lab
• Two BRASSTRAX units outside lab• Three MATCHPOINTS outside lab
• Regional approach • Reduces backlog
• Reduces lab requests• NIBIN personnel can swab for DNA
OTHER SITESMesa PD, MCSO, Tucson PD, Border Patrol
Respond and Collect DataIn order to get
evidence:Educate ALL personnel that
have anything to do with evidence
Officers, Supervisors, CSI’s, Prosecutors, property room
personnel
WorkshopsBriefings
Video roll calls
Respond&CollectData
Extract and Analyze
• Obtain and review police reports
• Utilize all available intel sources described on previous slide
• Complete NIBIN LEAD worksheet
• Send worksheet to case agents
• Track LEADs on a spreadsheet
Extract&Analyze
Pursue and Apprehend
• Assign NIBIN worksheet to appropriate Detectives/ Special Agents
• Send out BOLO’s and Officer Safety bulletins
• Arrest shootersIdentifyApprehend&
Convict
• Send out “Thank You’s” to Officers, CSI’s, evidence collectors, Lab tech’s
• Send out Executive summary to Agency Heads• Request a Storyboard (FT) for participants, lab, etc.• Quarterly meetings
Disclaimer Included on NIBIN Lead worksheets:“An investigative association between reports described in the attachment
has been identified through the use of the NIBIN database. You were identified as having responded to one of these incidents. We would like to share this information with you to reinforce the importance of the thorough processing of crime scenes involving firearm-related evidence and to show
the value of crime gun intelligence programs such as NIBIN and eTrace. Please see the attached worksheet for details regarding both of these cases.
Thank you for your outstanding work and be safe!”
FEEDBACK
Crime Information Bulletins
Darrell SmithCrime Gun Intelligence Coordinator
Crime Gun Intelligence CoordinatorATF Contractor, Shearwater Systems
Retired Phoenix Police Detective
Cincinnati Police Violence Reduction Strategy
Lieutenant Colonel Paul Neudigate, Assistant Police
Chief
GUN CRIME INVESTIGATIVE CYCLECINCINNATI, OH
CINCINNATI INITIATIVE TO REDUCE VIOLENCE(CIRV)
• Original model in existence from 2007-2013• Modeled after David Kennedy’s Focused
Deterrence Model.• Strictly focused on disrupting Gang/Group
Member Involved Gun Violence through use of targeted enforcement and Call-ins.
• In 2007, we had over 2,000 identified gang members. 2017 just over 700 due to changes in policing.
• Lack of Federal prosecutions. No teeth to the promise to hold “everyone accountable for the next body that drops!”
• Lack of external follow-up. Promised jobs and help faded.
CINCINNATI INITIATIVE TO REDUCE VIOLENCE(CIRV)
• Even with a successful gang disruption, lucky to obtain a 90-120 day cessation of violence. Months of work for little ROI.
• 2013-2016 virtually without a defined violence reduction strategy.
CINCINNATI INITIATIVE TO REDUCE VIOLENCE 2.0
2016
Law Enforcement
Violent People
Violent Places Victims Guns
VIOLENT PEOPLE
Violent Crime
Offenders
Group / Gang
Priority Offender
Violent Offenders
Investigations
State Prosecution
Federal Prosecution
Outreach
ProbationRe-entry
Social Services
Outreach advocatesCincinnati Works
City Link etc.
Groups / Gangs
Priority Offender
VIOLENT CRIME WORKING GROUPCPD / ATF / FBI / USAO / County
Sheriff and Prosecutor
VIOLENT PLACES
Law Enforcement
Violent People
Violent Places Victims Guns
WHY DEDICATED PLACED-BASED POLICING FOR GUN VIOLENCE?
Shootings and gun crime are a significant problem In certain areas, these offenses are highly
concentrated and sustained Traditional enforcement efforts have not been
effective/effective enough Problems tend to return after resource commitment
returns to normal levels (90 days and violence returns)
34
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Total Areal Coverage Part 1 Crimes Part 1 Violent Crimes Shooting Victims
Percent of Total Concentrations in Systemically Violent Locations: 2015
Systemically Violent Locations All Other Places
10x
20x
30x
Violent Places
PIVOT Place Based Investigations of Violent Offender Territory
City Resources (PIVOT Team) – Criminal & Civil
litigationCommunity Resources Outside Resources
Chamber of CommerceAA Chamber of CommerceArea Business Associations
Crime AnalysisIntelCommunity Input
PIVOTPLACE-BASED INVESTIGATIONS OF VIOLENT
OFFENDER TERRITORIES
Identify Locations
Place Networks
Offender Networks
Establish Sustainability
Select long-standing (persistent) violent locations
Investigate networks of chronic offenders and contributing places:
• Offender Based• Place Based
Disrupt these networks through a coordinated, City-wide effort
Monitor and sustain crime reductions by building victim/resident/business sustainability
LEVERAGES ALL AVAILABLE CITY RESOURCES TO TARGET VIOLENT LOCATIONS
City Planning Buildings & Inspections
Community & Economic
DevelopmentHealth
Department
Fire Department Law Department Environment & Sustainability
Public Services
Transportation & Engineering
Keep Cincinnati Beautiful
Cincinnati Recreation Commission
Parks Department
Community Partnering
CenterPort
AuthorityCommunity
Redevelopment Corporation
Local Community
Councils
Examples of City partnerships that will improve place-based investigations and responses
WHY DEDICATED PLACED-BASED POLICING FOR GUN VIOLENCE?
• These entities meet monthly to develop coordinated, multi-agency responses to mitigate chronically violent locations.
• Police disrupts gang and offender activity.• Coordinated group disrupts chronic locations.• Community sustains efforts for long-term results.
0
1
2
Jul‐15 Aug‐15 Sep‐15 Oct‐15 Nov‐15 Dec‐15 Jan‐16 Feb‐16 Mar‐16 Apr‐16 May‐16 Jun‐16 Jul‐16 Aug‐16
Offen
ses
Week
Weekly Shooting Offenses: Harrison / McHenry
Shootings
GES begins PIVOT begins
Averaged
<17 days between shootings
Currently Averaging
44 days between shootings
VICTIMS / WITNESSES
Law Enforcement
Violent People
Violent Places Victims Guns
ATTACKING VICTIMIZATION SIDE OF TRIANGLE
• This has been our largest challenge in reducing gun violence
• Approximately 2/3 of all our shootings have non-cooperative victims and witnesses
• Over 50% of all shooting victims flee scene prior to police arrival, if it is even called into 911.
• In 2016, implemented CCROW (Cincinnati Citizens Respect Our Witnesses).• Hired fulltime victims advocate just to work with
witnesses to homicides to overcome the “No Snitch” mentality that plagues all of our communities.
• As a result, greater reliance on technology such as Shot Spotter, NIBIN, cameras.
CRIME GUN INTELLIGENCE
Law Enforcement
Violent People
Violent Places Victims Guns
Guns
ShotSpotter
Federal / State charges
Recoveries NIBIN eTrace People
Current cities implementing technology empirically show only 12-16% of all shots fired activity is being called into 911.
Community apathy/police don’t care. Shot Spotter alerts to sound of gunfire and alerts police
within 30-45 seconds and provides precise location within 82 feet of incident.
Quicker response.More precise location, now know where to respond and
can engage community and ensure them we care about all gun crime.
Additional recovery of shell casings for NIBIN entry. IF OVER 80% OF YOUR SHOOTING ACTIVITY IS
UNKNOWN, HOW CAN YOU BE EVIDENCE BASED/DATA DRIVEN?
SHOTSPOTTER
CPD NIBIN HISTORY
ATF-funded BRASSTRAX in place at local crime lab (Coroner’s Office) until 2010. Removed due to lack of use, not a priority
July 2015, huge increase in gun violence. ATF RAC offers to start sending our shell casings to ATF Lab in Maryland for NIBIN entry.
NATIONAL INTEGRATED BALLISTIC INFORMATION NETWORK (NIBIN)
QUEEN CITY TOWER SHOOTINGS JANUARY, 2015
Monday, January 19, 2015• Shots fired into the 11th floor window• An employee was present in the office but was not injured
Saturday, January 24, 2015• Shots fired into the 9th, 10th, and 11 floor windows• Bullet and jacketing recovered
Monday, January 26, 2015• Shots fired into the 11th floor windows• Two 9mm casings and four .40 cal casings recovered from the ramp onto NB I-71 from EB Ft.
Washington Way
Tuesday, January 27, 2015• Shots fired into the 10th and 14th floor windows• Two .40 cal casings recovered from the ramp onto NB I-71 from EB Ft. Washington Way• Muzzle flash caught on camera coming from a white vehicle believed to be a Ford Fusion
QUEEN CITY TOWERTIMELINE
• Several dozen interviews of current and former employees• Those recently terminated, recently divorced, etc.
• Canvassed hundreds of businesses.• Reviewed hundreds of hours of CCTV footage.• Spent approximately $25,000 for cell phone tower dumps on days
of incidents.• NO USABLE LEADS.
• Assigned detective familiar with NIBIN from when we had it before. Drove casings up to crime lab in central Ohio for submission.
QUEEN CITY TOWERINVESTIGATION
RAYSHAWN HERALD - 0501315
QUEEN CITY TOWERNIBIN LEAD
Monday, December 21, 2015 (260 days after first incident), NIBIN correlation matching Herald’s Glock 19 to QCT offenses.
QCT CORRELATION
March 16, 2016• Rayshawn HERALD indicted* by a Federal
Grand Jury in the Southern District of Ohio on one count of 18 U.S.C. 922(g)(1) - unlawful for a person convicted of a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year;to ship, transport, receive, or possess firearms –for the January 27, 2015, shooting of the Great American Building.
July 2016• Rayshawn HERALD accepts plea agreement for
8 years.
QUEEN CITY TOWER INVESTIGATION
• CPD purchases own NIBIN system (BRASSTRAX and MATCHPOINT)
• Embedded in the PD where shell casing entry gets top priority.
• Trained two seasoned detectives (not civilians/criminalists) who were assigned fulltime NIBIN coordinator duties.
• Go live with our own system July 2016.
RESULTS OF CLOSURE
1) Comprehensive Collection2) Timeliness 3) Follow-Up 4) Feedback Loop
WHY DOES NIBIN WORK FOR US?
• Begins at the scene• The priority level for ALL firearm
ballistic evidence must be equal– Not just shootings/homicides – No longer kick shell casings
into the gutter.• All firearm-related evidence
entered into NIBIN, regardless of crime (some firearm exceptions)
• Includes recovered cartridge casings and test fires from all guns coming into our possession (crime, found, stolen, etc.)
• Evidence MUST be submitted in a TIMELY manner
COMPREHENSIVE COLLECTION
• Goal: from collection to entry into BrassTrax within 24-48 hours of offense.
• NNCTC Correlation Review
• Goal: Provide leads/correlations to investigators within 48-72 hours of incident (24hours for priority cases)
• Goal: Notify investigator of negative results (no matches) within 1 week.
TIMELINESS
• Correlations/leads are sent to District/Section Commanders for immediate assignment to assigned detective.
• 45 days after receipt, investigative commanders present an update on investigative follow-up at our weekly STARS meeting.
INVESTIGATIVE FOLLOW-UP
• Email sent to recovering officer, not just assigned investigator, so they are aware the efforts are resulting in investigative leads.
• Development of searchable NIBIN database for entire Department, not just investigative personnel.
FEEDBACK LOOP
NIBIN BRIDGING THE GAPS
Cincinnati Police Department (CPD) / ATF• 7 CPD Task Force Officers (1 SGT & 6 officers)• 1 CPD Intelligence Analyst sole duty.• 2 dedicated solely to NIBIN entry & follow-up.
– Benefits of sworn/buy-in from Department, not just pushed from the top but squeezed from top and bottom.
• NIBIN site – embedded in Cincinnati Police Department where it is directly under our control and we are responsible for timely entry (Investigative vs. forensic tool).
• Have trained ten additional jurisdictions who are now entering their own ballistic trace evidence into our system, has to be regional.• Linking guns to adjacent communities
because gun violence has no boundaries.
NIBIN:BRIDGING THE GAPS
TECHNOLOGYeTrace
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
HIPOINT 9PISTOL
S&W 9PISTOL
S&W 38REVOLVER
RUGER 9PISTOL
S&W 40PISTOL
TAURUS 9PISTOL
GLOCK 40PISTOL
KELTEC 9PISTOL
GLOCK 9PISTOL
COBRA380 PISTOL
Top Ten Firearms
01020304050607080
Top Ten FFLs
TECHNOLOGYeTrace
• Comprehensive collection is becoming imbedded in organizational culture.
• Follow-up process critical and integrated into our version of CompStat.
• Homicide and district Investigative Units making NIBIN coordinator one of the first calls.
NIBIN:BRIDGING THE GAPS
• Not just about closing homicides and shootings.• Still have uncooperative victims/witnesses.• You know know who to target for additional
enforcement (our Priority Offender strategy).• May not be able to charge/convict on the
homicide but a Federal gun conviction netting 7-8 years is still a win.
• End goal is to prevent further shootings and reduce crime rate.
NIBIN/GUN CRIME:BRIDGING THE GAPS
• Have to have a great working relationship with ATF and your U.S. Attorney.
• Our Federal prosecutions have doubled over the last year giving us the teeth we lacked with state weapons and drug trafficking prosecutions of violent offenders.
NIBIN/GUN CRIME:BRIDGING THE GAPS
• -12.7% reduction in homicides in 2016 compared to 2015.
• -11.1% reduction in total persons shot 2016 compared to 2015.
• One of few, large urban agencies to have double digit reductions in both homicides and shootings.
• 2017, currently have slight reductions in homicides and total shootings even with 29 victims from just three shooting incidents which included 17 shot in a nightclub in one incident.
WHY DO WE THINK OUR STRATEGY IS WORKING?
• NO SINGLE STRATEGY IS ABSOLUTE! THERE IS NO MAGIC BULLET FOR GUN VIOLENCE REDUCTION.
• ALL THE STRATEGIES/TECHNOLOGY FORM A LAYERED APPROACH THAT HAS TO BE EVALUATED ON A DAILY BASIS FOR THE BEST RESPONSE!
CAUTION
Lieutenant Colonel Paul NeudigateAssistant Police Chief
Cincinnati Police Department
(513) [email protected]
RESOURCES
Crime Gun Intelligence Website sponsored by ATF, DOJ, BJA &
Police Foundationhttps://crimegunintelcenters.org/
• Webinars• Publication links• Lots more!
RESOURCES
Officer Safety First Developing a Firearms Case for Prosecution Handout
RESOURCES
Police Officer’s Guide to Recovered Firearms
• App can be downloaded: • http://www.theiacp.org/Firearms-Application
• Guide can be downloaded:• https://www.atf.gov/file/58626/download
RESOURCES
• Ultra Electronics Forensic Technology
• www.solvemorecrime.com
• Pro-bono books & workshops
QUESTIONS
Brandon HuntleyForensic Intelligence Strategy Manager, North America
(602) [email protected]
Lieutenant Colonel Paul NeudigateAssistant Police ChiefCincinnati Police Department
(513) [email protected]
Darrell SmithCrime Gun Intelligence CoordinatorATF Contractor – Shearwater SystemsRetired Phoenix Police Detective
Thank You!