Fill in the Blank NotesIntroduction to Biological Classification

Why do we classify?Biologists group organisms to represent ____________ andproposed relationships________________systems change with expanding knowledge about new and well-known organismsBiologists use a system of classification to organize information about the ____________of living things

Classification-Binomial Nomenclaturetwo part name (Genus, ___________)Hierarchical Classification7 ______________categoriesSystematicsstudy of the ___________ of biological diversity_________________is the grouping of objects or organisms based on a set of criteria.

Binomial NomenclatureRules for writing scientific names: Genus-first letter ___________Species-all letters are lowercase

Taxonomic CategoriesSpecies and genusA named group of organisms is called a _________A genus is a group of species that are _________related and share a common ancestor.Family A __________ is the next higher taxon, consisting of similar related genera

Higher taxaAn ________contains related familiesA _________contains related ordersA ________or division contains related classesA _____________contains related phylaThe ______________is the broadest of all and contains one or more ______________

Systematics is the study of the evolution of biological ________________

Dichotomous Keys Identify OrganismDichotomous keys contain pairs of _______________descriptionsAfter each description the key directs the user to another _______ of descriptions OR identifies the organism

Grouping SpeciesThree domains: Bacteria, Archaea, ________________Six Kingdoms: Bacteria, Archaea _____________ Fungi, Plantae, and ____________Organisms are classified into ____________based on cell ___________and structureOrganisms are classified into _____________based on cell type, structure and ______________

Domain EukaryaAll _______________ have a membrane-bound ___________ and other membrane bound ______________Eukarya contains Kingdoms ___________, Fungi, Plantae, and _____________

Kingdom AnimaliaHeterotrophic_____________Eukaryotes (have a _________)No cell wall but do have a cell _______________Reproduce sexuallySome __________________ some invertebratesex. birds, insects, humans, sponges and worms

Cladogram 1. Groups G and H are most closely related, while group A is the most distant. Clades are represented by numbers 1 through 7.

Kingdom PlantaeMulticellular_________________Have cell _______________(provides ___________)Use chlorophyll to make food via _______________Uses seeds and __________ to reproduceAutotrophs, primary producersGrouped by __________ tissue typeex. moss, grass, flowers ______________

Kingdom FungiHeterotrophsUsually _______________________________Have cell walls containing ___________DecomposersThreadlike structures called ___________for feeding, growth and reproduction____________nutrients from organic materials in its environmentex. yeast, mold and _______________

Kingdom ProtistaAny Eukaryote NOT in animal, plant or fungi Kingdoms_________________ although some are multicellularMovement using cilia __________, or pseudopodsCan use _________________, parasitism or decomposition to get foodex. amoebas, paramecium, slime molds , seaweed

Domain BacteriaBacteria are members of _____________ Domain and Kingdom _______________ProkaryotesCell walls contain peptidoglycan_____________group that can survive many _________________Most bacteria are ______________Most abundant organism on the planet____________reproduction(binary fission) Classified by _________Causes human disease

Domain ArchaeaMost are heterotrophs; some are ___________________ that can survive extreme conditions (ex. high temp, salinity)________________Lack peptidoglycan in cell wallsDiverse in ________ and nutrition requirementsSome are autotrophicHave been found in boiling hot springs, salty lakes and in thermal ___________at the bottom of the ocean.

Viruses an EXCEPTIONA virus is a ___________ acid surrounded by a protein coat

Viruses do NOT possess cells, nor are they cells and are not considered to be ____________

Because they are ____________they are usually not placed in the biological classification system.

Viruses must have a host to reproduce.