Filipino Resistance to Colonial RuleRevolts against Economic Imposition

By Grupo Anti Polo and BandalaGrade 5 – Cream St. John’s Institute

By Justin Tan

Background

How many years did Spain ruled over the Philippines?

333 YEARS

What were the causes of the Revolts?

• RELIGION – Desire to return to animism• POLITICAL• OBJECTION AGAINST ECONOMIC POLICIES • AGRARIAN issues• PERSONAL GRIEVANCES

• Our group, ANTI POLO AND BANDALA, will be reporting on the revolts aginst Economic impositions.

What were economic impositions of the Spaniards?

ECONOMIC POLICIES

ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM – the first economic policy that granted the Spanish conquistadores the right to collect tribute in certain territory.POLO Y SERVICIO - forced labor; all men from 16-60 years old had to render polo y servicio for 40 days in one year. BANDALA – compulsory sale of products to the governmentTRIBUTES AND OTHER TAXES – Symbolized one’s recognition

ofthe authority of the King of Spain.MONOPOLY and GALLEON TRADELAND GRABBING FOR THE HACIENDA SYSTEM

By Lara Villagacia

Revolt Against Collection of Tributes and Polo and Bandala

REVOLT of MAGALAT

1589 – Magalat of Cagayan launched a revolt against the collection of tribute by the Spaniards. The revolt ended when Magalat was killed by Filipinos who were hired by the Spaniards to kill him.

REVOLTS AGAINST POLO AND BANDALA

The government then incurred a large debt on the Pamapangos after it requisition their rice harvest. In the end, the Spanish government utilized the help of Juan Macapagal, a former chief of Arayat, to suppress the revolt.

By Anika King

Tale of Two Kings and other Revolts

REVOLTS OF MALONG AND ALMAZAN

Simultaneous with the Maniago revolt was the Andres Malong rebellion in Pangasinan. Malong’s revolt was also rooted over the abuses of polo y servicio and it soon spread to Ilocos, Zambales and Cagayan. Due his numerous followers, he declared himself king of Pangasinan and allowed his military leaders to take command of other places. His revolt ended when he and his followers were captured and killed by the Spaniards. Malong’s revolt was followed by Pedro Almazan’s revolt in Ilocos. Almazan declared himself king of Ilocos. However, the Spaniard were also able to crush his revolt.

JUAN DELA CRUZ PALARIS REBELLION

In the 18th century, revolts continued to spread in Pangasinan, Ilocos and neighboring places. Juan dela Cruz Palaris led the revolt in Pangasinan against the collection of tribute of Alcalde Mayor Joaquin Gambao. The governement removed Gamboa from his post and the revolt had been pacified.

By Sam Javelosa

British Siege of Manila

The British Siege of Manila

The British occupation of Manila was a result of the war between France and Great Britain. This is known as “The Seven Years War” which lasted from 1756-1763. This was partly due to the two countries’ struggle for power over India and North America. Since Spain sided with France, Great Britain attacked the Spaniards in Manila.

Inspired by the British

When the British attacked Manila in September of1762, Diego was there waiting for the galleon that would be arriving from Mexico. At that time, Philippines was being governed by a friar, Archbishop Manuel Rojo. The colony lacked able leadership and in addition, the British were far superior. The defeat of the Spaniards was witnessed by Diego Silang which led him to believe that Spain was not that powerful after all. He planned to challenge the authority of Spain in Ilocos. His revolt inspired people from neighboring parts of Northern Ilocos to revolt also and Silang was able to temporarily wrestle power in Ilocos from the Spaniards.

Who is Diego Silang?

Diego Silang y Andaya (December 16, 1730 – May 28, 1763) was a revolutionary leader who conspired with British forces to overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish an independent Ilocano nation. His revolt was fueled by grievances stemming from Spanish taxation and abuses, and by his belief in self-government, that the administration and leadership of the Roman Catholic Church and government in the Ilocos be invested in trained Ilocano officials.Though Silang initially wanted to replace Spanish functionaries in the Ilocos with native-born officials and volunteered to head Ilocano forces against the British, desperate Spanish administrators instead transferred their powers to the Catholic Bishop of Nueva Segovia (Vigan), who rejected Silang's offer. Silang's group attacked the city and imprisoned its priests. He then began an association with the British who appointed him governor of the Ilocos on their behalf and promised him military reinforcement. The British force never materialized.

By Ernest Hilado

Significance of Silang’s Revolt

Why was Silang’s revolt significant?

Diego Silang’s revolt was significant because even for a short period of time, he was able to liberate Ilocos from the Spaniards. When the Spaniards handed over Manila to the British, Silang assumed that Spanisg colonialism was no longer legitimate in all parts of the colony. Because of this, he agued that the collection of tribute and polo y servicio were no longer legitimate. He also insisted that Ilocos be governed by a Filipino.

The story of Silang showed his role as one of the early advocates of Filipino nationalism.

Death and Legacy

Diego Silang was killed by one of his friends, a Spanish-Ilocano mestizo named Miguel Vicos, whom church authorities paid to assassinate Silang with the help of Pedro Becbec. He was 32 years old.After Silang's death, his Spanish-Ilocana mestiza wife, Josefa Gabriela, took command of the revolt and fought courageously. The Spanish sent a strong force against her. She was forced to retreat to Abra. Gabriela led her troops towards Vigan but was driven back. She fled again to Abra, where she was captured. Gabriela and her men were summarily hanged on September 20, 1763; she being hanged the last.

By Clarence Siason

Other Revolts

The Basi Revolt

In 1807, another revolt took place in Ilocos. This was a reaction to the monopoly on wine implemented by the Spaniards. The basi or sugarcane wine was the native wine in Ilocos. The Spaniards forced the Ilocanos to sell their basi to the colonial government. They were also prohibited from drinking their own native wine. If they wanted to have a taste of their basi, they were ordered to buy from the stores owned by the Spanish government. This led to the outbreak of the “basi revolt”.

Sumuroy’s Revolt

In the Visayas, Agustin Samuroy led the revolt on Samar in 1649 – 1650. The revolt was against polo y sercivio. Governor General Fajardo polistas (the ones who render polo y sercivio) from Visayas to be brought to Cavite for galleon building. The revolt spread to Albay, Camarines, Cebu, Masbate, and northern Mindanao but it was defeated by the Spanish forces.

By Justin Tan

15 pointer quiz

1. The British Siege Of Manila was a result of the war between these 2 countries

• A. USA and Japan• B. Russia and USA• C. France and Great

Britain• D. Spain and Great

Britain

2. That particular war was called

• A. The hundred year war

• B. World War 1• C. World War 2• D. The Seven Years

War

3. Who witnessed the siege and believed that the Spaniards are not invincible?

• A. Agustin Sumuroy• B. Diego Silang• C. Francisco

Maniago• D. Pedro Almazan

4. What do you call the native wine from Ilocos that is made from sugarcane?

• A. saki• B. lambanog• C. tuba• D. basi

5. After her husband’s death, she continued her husband’s battle and showed immense courage and strength? Who is she?

• A. Gabriela Silang• B. Melchora Aquino• C. Gregoria de

Jesus• D. Leonora Rivera

6. Francisco Maniago’s Revolt was

• A. to liberate the region

• B. due to monopoly on wine

• C. against polo and bandala

• D. return to animism

7. The Europeans who occupied the Philippines from 1752 to 1764 were the

• A. the Spaniards• B. the British• C. the French• D. the Portuguese

8. Forcing the Filipinos to cut timber for eight months under oppressive conditions was an example of

• A. the Spaniards• B. the British• C. the French• D. the Portuguese

9. Indulcio de comercio was the privilege granted to alcalde mayores to trade within their area of jurisdiction. The abuse of this power resulted to

• A. the growth of businesses of Filipinos• B. opening of trade with other countries• C. deaths of many heroes• D. further impoverished the lives of the

Filipinos

10. Who was the leader of the rebellion against polo y servicio in the Visayas?

• A. Agustin Sumuroy• B. Marvin Agustin• C. Juan dela Cruz Palaris• D. Joaquin Gamboa

11. These two declared themselves king of Pangasinan and king of Ilocos and were one of the early leaders of the economic revolts.

• A. Palaris and Sumuroy• B. Magalat and Maniago• C. Malong and Almazan• D. Vicos and Becbec

12 – 13. Write two of the economic impositions of the Spaniards that led to the revolts.

14 – 15. Name at least 2 leaders of the rebellions against the Spanish oppression.

Ernest HiladoAnika KingSam JavelosaClarence SiasonJustin TanLara Villagracia

Grupo Anti Polo and Bandala

Grade 5 - Cream