POCCAIiCKAT APXEOJIOTUfl, 2007, N 4, c. 5143

3OPOACTPIIICKI,IU IOTPEEAJIbHbIII KOMTIJIEKC EJII43 ]IEPBEHTA@ 2007 r. M. C. Iapxuen

Llucmumym ucmopuu, apxeono?uu u amnozpaQuu flazecmancrcozo HI] PAH, MaxavKana

Kax u:necrxo, flep6ern m:rr:rcr BaKHefirrruM aA-Mr,IHIrgrpaTIIBHO-rIOJrI{Tr{qeCKtrM Ir BOeI{HO-fipaTen{-qecKqM qeHTpoM Cacarur4cxoIl 4epx<asLr Ha KaBxage-3gecr pasuerqa"rucb He roJrbKo 3Haqr.rreJrbHbre BoeH-Hbre CIIJIbI, HO r{ rpa)<naHcKoe HaceJIeHI,Ie, B TOM TILIC-

re, BeposrHo, uctroBeAoBaBrrree 3opoacTpr,r3M. Koc-BeHr{r,re AaHHbre no3Borsru noJIaraTL, qTo [ep6eHTBblcrynaJr o[HuM Il3 3opoacrpr{IicKjo( ueHTpoB perxo-na. Ha gro )'Ka3LIBiuIIt, B tlacrHocrl.r, cpeAHerrepcsn-cKtre Ha4r[xclt Lr HeMaJIoqrc.lIeHHEre 3H:IKI{ cTporTe-,refi Ha crenax ,llep6errrcxoro o6opoHLITeJIbHoro KoM-llexca. Tax. cpeqrl uMeH crpol.ITenei. ynov-rnyrrtx scpeAHe nepcugcKn HaAIUlcnx. flpelcraBre Fbt cJ[y6osopoacrprdcxr.re, llpaHcKlre rruena (faprclen, Kacy-uona, 2006). Mnoro.rncnernrr're 3HaKL{ (GadZiev,Kudrjavcev, 2001. S. 357-390) - ceoeo6pa:mre "aero-rpaQri' crporre:refi "ctpoftxra rera" - uaxo4lt aua-roru He roJrLKo Ha naMtrfrr,rKzlx xpHcr?aHcKot ap)cd-TeKTypLr VI-VII es. n.s. 3arasxasLt, Ho x Ha rraMflT-Hr4Kax 3opoaqpuicxoro llpana. Msofl{e u3 HrD(rrpeAcraBJrtlor co6oii 3opoaffpxficKlae crlMBo.lr'r.

floaur4m "neprr Oprua:ga" coxpatrmrao' n [ep6eu-re BrrJrotrb qo apa6ool< galoesarflc;r. B 63G{40-x ro-Aax HaMecrHI{KoM (waxpufiap) ropona frrtrcs upeA-craBurerb 3uaruoro upaHcKoro poga Illaxp6apas,no:ryumurnft n xoAe rleperoBopoB c apa6crunrr,r no:r-rono4qaw A64 ap-Panranoll u6n P a6ua u. Cyparofru6u Aupov oxpaEryro Fu{ory. B Koroporft Tlpefiy-cMa'rpmirJracr,, B qacrHocTlr, oe3onacHocTb peJrEruo3-nofi o6luc*I (Illrorcar,rlos, 1986. C. 72, 73). B tarrltolr,rcrJ^rae peqb. oqeBfi,4Ho, uger o 3opoaflpruiuax u xpu-crtraEax Aep6eHra.

Ognaxo 4o nooregnero BpeMenr.r B sone flep6entaHe 6r,EI,I IBBesrI 'I 3opoasrplMcKre KyJILToBhIe I'IJrx[orpe6ur,Hr,Ie rraMtrrHr.rKl{, HenocpeAcrBeHHo cBuAe-TeJrbcrBlrolqte o 6r'mou pac[pocrpal{eu-Irr'r 3Aecbuasgaaodcxoft replr.

trAXMAB 2000 r. 6bull,r npeplpfiHtthl trccJleAoBaxrrl He-

6o;rrmoro rpota (p[c. l), pacflorot<enHoro n 650 M xOB or 4rraqelll Haprnr-rala, 3a rlpeAeJraMu cpeg-HeBeKoBoro ropoAa, B repxreft vacru IoxHoro, Kpy-roro u o6prroncroro, cKlroHa yrqeJlta Emmu eou"nap("Ceur, xoaogqeB"). OqeBIWo, o HeM cooblqarA.B. Kol,rapon n cnoeM AoKJraAe o neqep ( Aarecra-ua ra V ApxeonorrlecKoM cte3,4et

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pone flep6euga, o AByx Bepcr ( or l]opoAa, y Br'rxogayrr{enr,s Enox KaQ, na :reroIr.r 6epery, ecrb B cKalreotrprrrsd rpor, B KoropoM Mo)<er noMegru:Tr,ct Aol0 qeroner; rpor gTor clr1DKtrr [ocrosHHo y6e;rc.r-nleM AJrr rracryxoB u 6apanor, a rax)<e g.lrs ropIIeB,lprD(oAs[[D( B ropoA tr He xeJralolrEx TpaTlrTr,ct HaHaeM IIOMeIIeHIIJI. LXaUra, COCT:IBI,IIOqa' IIOTOJIOKfpora, 3aKolrqeHa AbrMoM oT KoclpoB, pacK-lraAblBae-Mbrx [.lrr corpeBaHnt nocetl,renmm" (Kor*lapos,1882. C. 434).

Ipor npeqcrannrer ne6o;rr,ur1no xaMepy oBanbr{o-npogorroaarofi $opr,m, nupy6ler*ryro B BeprltKiurb-no o6pa6oraruroft ceeepo-sanaguoi (o6paqeruroti ncropoHy yrrIeJILt) rparm ueoluponaro{oi cKa,'IbI (BhI-cora cKiurbl oKoJIo 5 u, umprora oxoro 7 M)- OE LrMeernusrod (nucorofi Ao 1.2 M) cBoA.rarblfi nororoK, opll-enr[poBaH rro JrEHEr.{ n3-cB, AJTUHa rpora oKoJIo3.6 u, rny6mra -1.7 M. flororoK II creHKtr rpora He-c)'T cJIeAbr noageficrnra ortt;I or pa3BoAmlrrncq Ko-crpon. flocepegtnre_ero, rro AlraroHaur[ cBepxy BIrI{3,npoxoAuT Ilo3xe oopa3oBaBuascs KpyIIHzlt Tpeu+I-Ha, rmpmrofi Io 30 cll. B pesymrare ororo pacKoJla,orIeBnIHo, 6rr:rn paspymenrr tr ABa cylqec"TBoBaBlmrxrrcKyccrBerHblx Jra3a-BxoAa. Hrrue r rpor LrMeercsoIHo BxoArroe oTtsepcrtre IIIlIplnIoIi Ao 1.8 r'l ra grtco-

rofi Ao 1.2 u, no 6oxar.r Koroporo na6arogarotcx va-crrlvHo coxpaumlrtrect Kpal{ Jla3on. C.oxparunumecrtlac"rz Jla3oB. Blr,[trMr'Ie go ua.rala pa6or E BbrtrreH-Hbre B xoAe pacKorloK, rlo3BoJrtror peKoHfipprpo-BaTr, rfi QopMy.

Y roro-aanaguoro, uttt "ualoro", :taea (puc. 2), gopacKorroK 3aKp6rTOrO rpyHToM noqr]{ norHocrbro,oKa3alracb pa3py em{oi ToJrbKo ero BepxHtt 6oKo-sas qacrb. B rflD{crei qacru oH muea noAnprlMoyroJlb-Hyro +opMy nmprffrofi 45 crl, Br,Icoroll 50 cM, B Bepx-nerl _crpenrvatyro (npu nnlpme oxoro 30 cM I'I BbFcore oro:ro 35 cu). O6rqas nbrcora nasa oxoro 85 cM,rny6nra (ullpma nopora) 3O-32 c:or.. FImr<Hsq '{asrlero no 6orau o6paMreHa EByMs BepruKzrJr;IrbrMl.r Bbr-er.avarrnm 6opgropalm umpnrot 6-8 ct'l u r:ry6moticoorsercrBelfio2u6cM.

Psrol'{ c Jra3oM, K IO3 or sero pacloraraercsnecrrurqa (puc. 3r4), rupy6lernrar n cKane I'r Be4ylqalK ee BeplrrrHe. [o uavala pa6or 6lrro BqHo esrhcryneuefr. B xoge pacKonoK npocJlexeHbl HrDKe ypoB-Hq AHeBHoi noBepxHocrtr enle rptr clyrreHtr' HrDrart.f,rr3 KoropLD( noAxogrura BrurorHylo K "rua;rouy" lasy.

fignna crynenei 42-58 cm, fiMpwra 820 fin' DbIg0Ta

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Pf,c.l, CKarLEr,rfi rpor-AaxMa 6Jrtr3 [ep6eETa. BrrI c C3ao llaqzula pacKoloK.

Pf,c. 2. "Manbrfi" ra3 B rMy }$ 1. Br,rA c C3.

14-38 cu. O6rqax rr,rcora JrecrHr.rqlr orono 2.1 u.Hag axo4oru s rpor Ha Bepr[KaJrbHod uocrocrn cxa-rr,r r.f,Tb He6orr,rrrn nasoa, o6ltvtto oHr{ AeJraJrrlcl }rna o6oporurrenraux creHax ropoAa AJr{ ycraHoBKtr6a"rox nepexpsrrla.a flp]rcrpu 4BaB[rr{xcr no[4erqeH]d.

Ceaepo-rocroun lii z"ru "6o:t lrori" rae (puc. 1; 4)norITII UOJTHOCTbTO pa3pyIIIeH, OT HeIO OCTaJrr,rCL TO.]Ib-Ko AByxcq4renqarbrri flopor u tracrb srperB.raroE ap-xu. Illuprnra Jra3a cocraBJrrJra oro:ro 1 r'a, Bbrcora -oKoro 1.3-1.45 M, rrtr{pr.rHa rropora 2218 c:la.

Bnyrpu rpota, go Har{ara pacKonoK, 6rrna rragnlrpe noAIIptMolToJIbHofi QopMr,r tMr,I, Bl,rceqeHHlre BcKarr,Hoi noBepxHocrr{ r{ pacrroJro)<eHHLre B rlportr-

Bonono)<Hr,rx qacr.D( - n :auaqnofi (flaa Nb 1) r.r so_srotruofi (nrla N 2) (puc. 2; 3A:4). O6e nrsr novrlrnoltrosrrro 6rrlr.1 3arroJrueHbr rp)'r{ToM, TaK qro KpirqrD( Bo3BrrlrraJrr{cb HaA 3anoJrr{err{eu na 10-25 or.Mexgy nrauu, pacrroJrararcqr,rMr.rcr Ha paccrotuulrorono I u, B o6pa3oBaBlreficr cKaJrbrofi "[epeMr,Fr-Ke B qeHTpe rpoTa r.rMeeTcr r.rcKyccTBeHHOe IOAKBaA_parHoe B nnaue lnnyOaerure (54-58 x 56-58 cu, rny-6nroft l6-19 cM) (plrc.34:4). Cenepo-eocroqHar r.tqACTIIIHO IOTO.BOCTOIIHAJ{ CTEHKII CIO OKA3iUI'CI, DA3-p)'rxeHH br MLr ylomnrasuteric:r rpelo4xot. Kpove.ro-ro, uexgy nuoft N! 2 lr "6o:nruna" la3oM, qepe3 Ko-Tophrfi ocyrqecrBJnncr npoxoA r r_sagparuor,ry)TJry6JreHr.rro B qerrrpe rpora rr f,Me N 2, na ponnorirroBep)c{ocTl4 "nona" rpora Haxonr{Tct ne6oar[raqrpyraaa (d = 7 or) ryrxa rny6mroft 4 ar (puc. 3,4). Eo-rree KplrrHarr tyuxa (d = 16 cu. rny6llna 11-12 cu)pacrroJror<eHa y Io)KHoro yrJra rpoTa, Me)qy KpaeMruu Nb I I,r cBoAoM (puc. 3A). Bos^{o}cro, ouu rrpeA-Ha3rraq:rJrtrcb AJrt ocBerrleHr,rJl rpora. B pe3yJrlTareuponegeruorl pacur,rcrxlr n rpore 6lrnra ncxprrrtr o6eSMbI.

flua lli I (puc.2;34, B).3anomrenne ee, Mon+{o-crrro =70 cM, B Bepxqefi qacrrl Ha r:nylune 20-26 currpeAcraBJrq;ro co6ori psxlr,rfi TeMHo-cepbri rpyHT,HacbInIeHHhIt yl.onr,KaMr.r, 3oJrbHo-yroJrbHLlMr,r npo-crofiKaMl,I, coBpeMeHHLrM MycopoM. lfta:*ce uren ogxo-poAHbrri pbrxJrbrri rrepuo-Koprr reBrni cnori c o6r.rJrb-Hr,rM BrsrrorreHrreM J.foJrr,KoB I,I 3oJrbr, c He6orb[[4MKoJrI{qecrBoM MeJrKoro 6yra u nentrpa3l,ITeJrr,HolicpeAHeBeKoBori KpacHonrrrH.sHoft Kepavuxorl. B eroucJroe 6r,rJra ooHappKerra cnJrbHo creprtu{ cpeAHeBeKo-BaJr MeAHaJr MoHera (d = 1 8-1 9 ur.a) c ocrarxar\,trt u:o6-pzDKenr.rr Kapr).rna Ha oAHoi cropone u apa6crorl (?)HaArr[cr.r Ha Apyroi. qMa uMeer noA[psMo]ToJrr,H]'roQopMy, pa3MepaMfi 1.12 x 0.7 u, r.ny6nuoi 0.86-0.96 r'a, opueurupoBaHa Err, ruori octro no nllllnn C3-IOB. Cenepo-eocrorrHzur creHKa ee - Beprr.rKaJrbHar{;ocTaJILHbIe LIMeTT JIerKyrO rrOKaTOCTb, TaK lmo pa3-Mepr,r AHa rMBr cocrasrqror 0.9 x 0.54 r,.r. flopor "ua-Jroro" Jra3a, BeAytrIero B rMy N! 1 n cerepo-eaua4noficreuKe, pacrroJro)aen na 25 cr'r nr,mre gna mrlr. B npo-Tr.rBonoJro)Gofi ToprreBoi roro-eoc"To.ffofi creHxer.rMeercr r{erJry6oKas (34 cM) Hrflra crperbrraroirpopltr, lrupmori no ocrrosamfio 0.48 r.l u Bbrcorori0.5 u.

flua Ni 2 (puc. 3A;8, 4). 3anonaerme ee, Morq{o-cruro 25-30 cr..r, s nepxrerl uacrra nrelo pr,rnrr,rfi uep-Ho-cepbrfi rp),HT. HacbrqeHH-bni yronbKaMla. 3o,'lox HcoBpeMeHHr,rM MycopoM, ToJrrrgrra groro oroq =10 cM.Hrnrce lren psrxrrrri vepuo-ropr.nreesrrl caoii, raxxeHacr,mleHubrfi )ToJrbKaMrl, 3oJrofi, c peAKr.tMu r{eBbrpa-3r{TeJrbH},IMI.{ $panrenraur rpacnornru.nrofi repa-wrra. Cxanruoe gno tMbr BbrpoBHeHHoe tr clretKa rlo-raroe. f,va opneHTl-tpoBaHa aJIItHHofi ocLlo no J'rntlflIO33-CBB, r.rMeer cJrerKa Lnornyryro, yAJfir{eru{yroQopr"ry c sarpyrneHHbrMr{ yrJraMtr r{ BeprrrKiur;HrrMr{ceBepHofi, 3anaAHoi u ro;rcroi c'renxar,nr. Pa:veprr ee(no gHy) 1.9 x 0.6 u, r:ry6mra 0.55-O.58 M. B eofloq-

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rreHHb,rx B cKaJrax Aauo\,t B qtcaHu{crd tr paHHeaDa6_9I{y n_eppo[br 6ulo 6ecwclernru,. ltvt'efupvil*H,1999. C.89).

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Horl qasrz oHa trocrerrerruo cyxaerc, [o 3&42 cu unaeer nmry rury6uqofi 32 cM a sbrcorofi 72 cu, o6pa_3oBal{Eyro CBOAOM rpoTa, nepexoAc@r{ n noneOi.r_lrylo cremry n,or. B4ons qpoAoJrr,Ebrx ceseps6it nro)ctot creaoK rti,nl, Ha surcore or 56_57 w (n ranag_Eot qasry) Ao 7O-:72 cw (o rocro.mofi vacrz) or gnarMbr ycrpoeHbr rllreqmm trnlpnroi I g_20 crrr 4rrs ycra_HoBKr.r rurarbt ueper(pbrrnr. flonepmocrs rureqtrKoBpoBHar{, rrMeer yx,'roH c B ra 3 (nepena4 22J5 cu).B4o:rt cerepnofi u qacrtrtrrro :anaproi creuoK -aMl,rnpg*9ry elqe o4ua -yrxar c.ry/neHb-ruetrtrKo, [rpn-Hotr /-6 cM o Arrfl{oi 1.4 u, pacno;roxeunoe aa 42_45 cM slrme trEa ff\,Gr

I'Inmepnpemaqua u damupoerca- flo4o6nre nc_KyccltseHHble rpoTLI tr Hlflrtr, BbrtecaHHLIe B BeIrTtr_KzurLHbD( rlllocxoqrtr cKar (B ToM rrtrcrte ortreJrrlrbD(rrgoJrr.rpoBaHHBrx cKilJrbxbr( rnu6), rar [paBEJro He_MH.ofo BLme FteBHoE noBeplcocru (rar u r,{ep6eu_Te). xoporxo r43BesrHbl Ha reppnroptru LlpaHa u, nrracruocrtr, B npoBnHr@ (Dapc. Kar cwtaror nccne_AoBare_Jrr{, oHr,r npegcrannnor co6oi oopoacrpdcruenotpebarr,rcle rraMJrrHuKtr - da aat (cp.-nepc,daxmag), npe4{a3r{aqeHnLre AJU{ BbrcraBrenns my-nos. a acmodaxol (cp.-nepc. astoddn) Art xpareriirocBoooxIeHHr,D( or MJITKU rKaHei Koc,r€fi cKeJlera.Kar orrrreqal P. Opafi, a :a rma M.E. Mei:rap.unr, n"ca.caltrncKoe BpeMt npaKTLIKa BbICTaBneHUJ{ rlmpo-rlo rpaKTrfl(gBarrach B LlpaHe, oco6emo n iDapce",(Frye, 1984. P. 176), "norouy rrro KoruqecrBo Brrce_

, 3Tr cxa.nrnrre dc*,uar, n rorra uucne conpoBoxAa-tofipecr -cp-elHeuepcu,4cKEMn HaArrtrcrMtr, npegc*_nnor cobofr "garrrru"_nuu rr"po".M"o*e".;;"#ff-rP"iffi"TJ.ii;_pa6oramore aa:rr, o6srqro uoAr4r.sMoyroabuofi urfino"'ryppry_.ruofi Qop*sr (Huff, t9SSa.'S. tSO. nUU. t-4. 6, 7. Taf. 4549; 1997. pt. Mtr, a, bj ;;;;#;;crpenrvarofi n gep6errrcrou rpore. A", m" *ap"r_:ly_"_l_T"*aeMbre Bo BxoE{bn oltsep"ru-m,onu3Kn pa3MepoB cr)meHqarr,re floporu, nenircoroeoopAropbr, a raroKe uerrry6oroe xan:rBra, [peAHa3Ha_tr:Erb]e, BjporTHo, Arr- 3aKpbrTtr.s aaea n ycraxonmla5r?41ou runrrr (Huff, I988a. S. t45_161. Abb. 2, J;i{ ]?15. s 145-161. Abb. rl. a""..%ii cyl".:qaTr,Ie noportr Bo BXOAITOM nase npeActarner*r, na_nptrMep, B cKilJrbqbrx norpe6a:nmx KaMepax caca_lry*ojo BpeMerr{, pacnonoxeHHbx s MeerEoc"rqxl!._]4(-tr rax\,far u xyccefu Kyx oxoJo Hcmxpa (Huff.,T!"; s;.1?9. r60. Abb.2.s;iees. i. ret.loiftH:il(ptrc. 4,4).-Ha ?ru tr Aplrn naMfl.Htrl(:rx, TaloKe Ka_K

:l^p_li1i a rpore 6ru: [ep6enra, Snxcrpyrorcrnner$Kjr, Arg,nJrwrhl trepeKpbrTa, no Xparo nl, mr.rero_4fi noAooEbre pa3Mepbl n yAJIme f.Io nprMo_Fo{b_"{p: HepeAKo c 3aKpyrurenHbrMu yr-nar"m-Sop_y.y.(I{-uff, 1988a. S. 163_165. Abb. 8_10; b- S. 4i;5.Abb. 2, 4, 5; 1995. Abb. 3) (ptc. 4, I, 2).

- _9ry * {Merotr{trMc.f, rry6nm<arpnra, qaqe yarrl_r{euubre tMbF 'BilHHr,r" ycrpareranrncr n orrprrrurx ro_ptr3oFralbHbD( trJIOCI<OCIfl( cKa.]r, ToIAa KaK B BeDItr_Kzt bHbx creHan cKaJr Bbrlar6Jrmalrrcb nper.uyrre_crtseHHo Htrrflz-acroAaHBl qa, xpaHerfl{l xoqefi. BAepoeHTe x(e Fabllogaercr ycrp,oficrBo raKn ,M trr.flBblcraBJrenxr rpynoB Brryrpz rpota. B c.rov emy 6.na_3ox oEI{H a3 naMJrrHaxoB a Kyx_u pa-n*,rare. rAe no_AooHaJr noArrpflMoyroJrbHalr flMa (ox. 1.9 x 0.6 v, rny_onla u.) M) c nneqE(aMtr (rmpnnoft oxolo 15 cv)ycrpoeua B cK.urbHoM rpore (Huff, l9gga. S. 165.Abb. 10. Taf . 51, J . S. 157_159.Abb.3,4)1pnc.5. / ) .

fiep6enr:cxd xor,rneKc orJr[lraerc, TeM. trro oHcoveraer n ce6e.rye dantu z acmodaa. Ec,tlr neosbr_Mtr txuu{toTcr Ape_ Tlf6r rpoTa. Kompbre, qas nb Inpasueparrr (0.9 x 0.54 u, r:ry6nra 0.86-0.96 u; i .9 x 0.6 r,a.rry6rua 0.55-{.58, u), npe4naauaqa;rtrcb coortser_crBeHHo AJrr Aerefi' u B3poc,[brx, .ro KocrexpaHrlJrtr_rqeM BbrcTlmaeT pacnoJroxeHEoe Me)rqy HuMtr He_6olsuoe flpff 4o]'ro,r bnoe yrny6nemle (54-59 x 56_58 crr.r. r.ny6mra l6-l9 cu) (pzc. 3A)_ Becuua 6nlnox eerou gep6errrcxorr,ry opr I,I3 norpe6a;rrnux xoll-ruleKcoB tro3Feanca4cKoro BpeMer { B MegrqogluXyccefu Kyrr 6.nue HarcLr-u Pycrava. rge Hacqr4Tr,rBa-

'He tcnrroveno, .rro m,{a }6 I, cyA' tro pa3MepaM, MorJra Ec_rroJrL3oBarhcr tr raaK KocrexpaHuJrrqe_aonodaH- CotnacEocpeAEeBeKoBr,rM 3opoacrptrtdcKtM EopMaM,'a,feplm{i qenoDeKIIOMeUIaIC' B AaXMy_B Bb!T{II}ITOM nOJIO)(eEnn Ua cIIEHe. Ctrp,fMblie (y DapcoB ylHIrE) aru uepeKperqeErrLrMn (y 3opo_acrpfueB l4pa*a) Eoralg (60fic. 1988. C.22j\.

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rona (2) u Harui-u PycraMa (-l) (ro: Huff, 1988a).

ercr cBl,rlIre 20 cranlnlrx Hr x (Gropp, 1969b). OuTrpeAcraBnqeT BLICeqeITHLIe Ha rIoBepxHocTI'I I'i3oJII'I-poBaHHOrO CKiUTI'HOrO 6rOKa, pacloro)KeHHble pq-gortl np.ntloFollHylo sMy (oKoro 1.8 x 0.6 clr, rny6u-

Ha 0.5 M) r,I roAflpsMo]rorbHoli +opMr,I ]Tny6neHlre(oxoro 50 x 30 cr'.r, rny6I.IHa 15-16 cu) (pnc. 5' 3)' my-

xrrBrrlre, KaK cqlrraer [. xys6, coorBeTcTBeHHO AJI'

POCCLIaC.KAA APXEOIOTZ-' J\!4 2OO7

Bl,rcraBreHu{ Tp}/IloB Lr AJrrI xpaHeHwl Kocreil (Huff,

1988a. S. 165. Abb. 11; 1997 ' P.7518). I4nrepecnocxoAcrBo npI{BeAeHHbtx rlapaMerpoB xu n fiep6enre,Kyx-n Pax,uare ra XYcceiiH KYxe.

Ecnlr ne6onrurse Hr.I[rl Ia tMbI trHrepnperlrpylor-cr ItccJregoBarersMu KaK acmodaua4 To n'{bI-"BaH-

Hbr", copa3MepHtle Teny qeJIOBeKa, - KaK 00xt tbl

56 IAAXI4EB

(Huff, 1988a. S. 155; 1997. P. 75-78). Buecre c reu r.rTe, r,r Apyrlre B cacaHrqcKoe BpeMr 6srnlt o6.regnrenrr[orurrqeM dax .a,'Tro ycrurHoBJreHo cpeAHelepcun-CKIIMLT 3rMTa(pnrrMII ITo3AHeCaCaHLInCKOIO r4 paHHea_pabcKolo BpeMeHI4, B KOTOpbrx gToT TepMxH l{CrroJrb-3oBaH I,I Arq Ha[MeHoBaHIrJI KocrexD atUlillr:lt_ acmo d a _Ho6 (Henning. 1q58. S. 47-48: Cropp. 1969a. S.237;1970. S. 201; Frye, 1970. P. 152; de B1ois, 1993. p. 29!uf f . 1997 P.76 8l l Xucnarynr l . Kproxosa. 1997.C. 217, 218 Mennapuutt1 1999. C. 90,'91).

Orueqengrte napaJrJreJrrr Iro3BoJrrlor r.{r{Teprrpe-TrrpoBaTr, r{ccJreAoBa r6rri rpor c AByruJ{ paHee cyqe-crBoBaBlrr4Mra Jra3aMrr KaK 3opoacrpralcxrai cra.irr,r+ninorpe6antnsrri routterc dar,uy, BKrroqaBnrJrlo ABeqMLr AJrr BbrcTzlBJreHrrfl TpyrIoB rr pacrroJro)<eHHoe Mer<_Ay Hr.rMrr KocrexpaHr.rJrr,rr4e-acmod an. Zcoregonaremapxe He pa3 corlocrilBJlurr,r noqobulre cKar'rhr{ble tto-rpe6arr,Hr,re naMJITr{r,rKr,r (oco6exno Hu u [rq Ko-crerl) c un$oplraqreri o 3opoacrprrrtcxori norpe6a:r-uori o6px4uocru, coAepxarqefics n no:gnenex.nenuri-cKoM corruHeHrrr{ "[agecran-u gerflm" (XVIII, 3, 4)(Grenet, 1984. P. 44; Huff, 1988a. S. 146-148:1997.P.75; Xuar.arynun, Kproroaa, 1997. C. 209): "KorUaIIo>I<r{parctqlle Tpynhr nTI{IIbr He cBeAaIoT rUroTt, oHacraHoBl,r'Tcs rHllroi, orBparurerbHor)i n noluoi npeq-Hr,rx co3AaHl4fi, a Kocrra ot tori n:rorr-r, xoropaa 6rrna-er c'betreHa. repeHocrr. KaK cJlelyer. s acmodau, xo-Topblii TaK AoJrxeH Bo3Br,nnarlcq HaA :eltneri, uKpbrrnKa Koroporo AoJrxHa raK croxru, uro6r,r 4oxgsHe nonaJr Ha MeprBoe reJro, .rroOLI BoAa He Aocrr.{Iraero, qrobbr Brara He IroIta"ra r{a Hero, qro6r,I HLr co6a-Ka, Hlr JrLIcr {a He uornu no4ofitr x HeMy, a AJUI AHeB-Horo cBera. npoxo4nl(ero r leuy. [o:r>loo 6brrb cAe-JraHo oTBepcTrre.

6o:ree aeropraretHbre roBopsr, 'tt.o acmodan pe-raerct I4'| IIeJIbHoto KaMHJt. tr noKpblBarculfiil ero Ka-MeHb raK)Ke go:rx<eu 6lrll I.I3 qeJILHoto KaMI{J{, lIMe-rcrlero oTBepcTr.re, I.1 BoKplT Hero KaMHrr r.r r,r3Bec r)4nr :axlragrra ero".

acrprfuIeB I{paua (Merirap.uaH, 1999. C. 118), uc-rroJlb3oBaHr,re JraMrraA c roprrqlrM r{ naxHytrlr4McaHAalroM r.IJrr.r JraAaHoM rrocJre npoBeAeHr.rrr o6prAacaz-dud ("ocuarpr.rBaur.re co6aKort"), npu roroporr.rco6aKa, IIo npeAcTaBreHrrM :opoacrpuftqen, ceonrrlB3rJrr[oM AOJTX(Ha nporHaTb AeMoHa TpyrrHoro pa3Jro-xery1^lla9y c yeprroro rena (Xr.rcuary:ruu, Kprcro-Ba, 1997 . C. 181).3ry xe rlerrE npecrreAoBarro n r4c-rroJrb3oBaHr.re orrur: "n raryro 6rr c'ropoHy Berep orns6narolxanue rm pa3Hec, B 3Ty-To cropoxy r4 BBrxotrtrTOronr Axypa Mas4sr, tr rcrvey6lrnarorqlrrl qenon 6ec-rurorHbrx, TbMbr orpogbe Jrx.rBoe BKJme..." (Buger-qar, V[, 80) (Xrcuarynnmr, Kproroea, 1997 . C.246).

[arraponra uccneAoBaHHoro 6.ru: [ep6enracKaJrhHoro norpeoa,rsnoro naprq.Imaxa. xar I evy no-Ao6Hbrx KoMrrJreKcoB, B cr.rJry ux cne4l$uxra, orcyr-gtsur co6crgeHHo norpe6enr.rx rl norpe6aJrbHofo rrH-BeHTaps conptxeHa c IIoBTTHbIMI,I IpyAHOCTSMU.Orupascl Ha nogo6Hbre rral4rrrH].rKr,t I,Ipana, n rouqr,rcJre conpoBoxnaronprecr cpeAHerrepcrrAcKrrMr.r HaA-nucrMr4 \aI-VII BB., a rarcxe ) rraur,reaa, vro uau6o:rs-rrree BrrrrlHr4e 3opoacrprnMa r,r cyrqecrBoBaHrie B [ep-6eHTe HeMaroro q6cra 3opoacTprlfiqea nprarogurirHa no3AHecacautrncxrarl nepraog, KorAa 3AecL pa3Me-IaeTct cacaHr4ncKar aAMr,IHr4cTpalu,u u [paHcKrre Bo-

xHcKr,re KoHTtrHreHTbI, IIpOBOATITCS KOIOCCaIbH6Te

QoprrQuxaquouHr,re r4 srpor4TeJrbutre pa6orlr, a ua-crepa-3opoacrp[iqbr ocraBJrrror Ha creHax cBorrMHOIOqUCJIeHHLIe peJII4n4O3HLIe 3HaKI4, ,I CKJIOHeH Aa-TI4pOBaTL BO3HI,IKI{OBeHr,re II BpeMJr HaqaJILHOTO

Qyrrqlrouuporarua sroro KoMrrJreKca VI - nepuorino:rosrt{ofi \aII s. 3opoacrpraricxar flpr.rxaAne)<Hocrr,9TO|O IIaMTITHI4Ka I4 r,IHTeplpeTaISIq ero KaK AaxMbr, aTaK)Ke rrcrroJrb3oBaHrre ero B nocJreAyrorqee BpeMJr,KaK rrpeAgraBJrreTcs, HaIIlJIu noATBepxleHr,re r4 npr.rraccJreAoBaHr,rl4 Ha pacrone XXI, rge 6lr.no BbrrB.rreHoapxr.rTeKTypHoe cooppKeHne, r.rHTepnpeTr.rpyeMoeKaK "[oM Arr MeprBhrx".

Pag npuoeqeunrrx B AaHHoM naccax<e noloxeuuftcoorBerstByer orMeqeHHLIM arrure oco6eunocrru, "[OM AnS MEPI'BbIX"AeraraM l4ccreqoeanHoro norpe6a,rbHoro coopJDKe-

""r. 3to raKr4e napa.rrJreJrr4,

"'u" y.tpottctuo tid.p"- Pacron (3.5 x 4 u) 6rr:r :anoxen enJlorlrylo [epeA

6a,nrHrrx rauep n "q"n""or "urrr6"

tixa,re), npnrin- BxoAoM B rpor (puc.3Ai6,I,2) c qenlro nonnoro nr,r-Htt'loclt, l4x 11 BxoAHbtx Jra3oB Ha[ ]'poBHeM upesuell flBJreHnJ{ orrcaHHLlx JIa3oB' cTyneHei I'I ooHapyxeHusqneenoi noBepxuocr1l, u:o:ruposauuocrs oi so:- Bo3MoxHr'Ix apxl'rreKTypHblx ocrarKoB, Ha Bepotr-Mo)(Hot'o tlotlaAaHr4rt ocaAKoB, Braru I,I Eocr\ma )KIr- Hocr6 H'url{qrrg Koropllx yKa3blBarlI oaro'firre nagsrBorHblx. Hzr,,r 14 r{ t,le orBepcr]ri (ra3oB), qepe3 Koropbre B cKarenonaAaJr grelnori cBer, Ha,rlrque reralglli +trKcupy- Fl,are cnoq r',Myca cJreEoBar narevno-naqyaaoriP5{|::::I_::^glL::yf1"::y_t:tgl_y. *or l, 'o,"q"on"15 28 cv, cosepxauqai uenruir.l\9 2) I{ 3aK,ralHox IJII'ITI'I lcr}me larbll4 oopAtop). 6)rr. yror bKx. 3or bHo-)ToJr bH},re flpocJ.lor4Kx. a raK)<e

Orueuy erqe oAI{y AerzrJIB, 3to na;urwre r rpore HeB64)a3r.rreJrhHsre o6.nouxu cpegneeexoaoft rpacno-trByx JryHoK oKoJro rax<goii r.rs na, xoToplle! Bo3Mo)<- fII,IHtHoIi KepaMl.rKr.r, BoAonpoBoAHLrx 'rpy6 lr ne-Ho, LrcnoJrb3oBaJII,IcL AJrt ycraHoBKx cBerI,IJrbHr{KoB cKoJrbKo r.rHAI.IBuAyaJILHr,rx HaKoAoK. flocnegxraerrJIIr B Koropble HalrI.IBa r roprcqlro ){<r.rAKocrb. B npe4cranneubr )<eJre3HhrMr.{ KoBaHbrM rBo3Ar.rKoMoroli cBt3lr yKaxy Ha Ba)crlro poJrb onrs B 3opo- (puc. 7, 1), rrrrr,rpeM (pnc.7,2)" xpyrnort 6nqrrrxofiacrpl, icKoll [orpe6arbHoli o6ptfiHocrr,r, Heo6xoAr,r- (puc. 7, 3) ]r creK.rrrHHofi cnerno-rony6ori nogenxoriMOCTT, rrOAAep)Kr{BaTb OIOH6 OKOIO Aa)Ovrbt y 3OpO- QnC.7,4).

POCCUUCKAq APXEOJTOTI4' ]!!4 200'l

3OPOACTPI{fi CKI4H NOTPEEAJIL,HbI'{ KOMIIJIEKC ENI43 trEPEEI{IA 57

Hraxelexaugd orofi 2, ronugnori 8G112 crrl,npeAcraBirtJr llnor.Hbln KoMKoBarLIIi cBerJro_Kopl{q_Heeuri rpyrr. Hacr,rulerHsrfi Mer Kr,rM r,r cpennrM 6y-ToM, orAeJrbHr,rMr,t Kp)'rrHbIMI4 HeoopaooraHHr,IMra I{OTECAHHBIMI,I CTEHOBLIMI.I KAMH'MI{. KVCOIIKA!tr{ I,I3BE-cru. Sparuerra uu o6o)oKenHr,rx lsprnlqe 14 Tonug-sofi 4-5 cu. He3Haqurer hHr,rv xo.flr'Jic,Tson cpelHe-BeKoBofi KpacHorrlIHgxoli nocylbt u o6louroe xepa-Mr.rqecKnx BoAonpoBo4Hhrx rpy6. B pe3yJrbrareBcKpr,ITr.rJ{ c:ros 6stro Br,rqBreHo [prMoyroJrbHoe BrrJraHe rroMelrleHr.re. Cnori 2 ganonnqJl lroMeuleHrte IolpoBr{Jr rroAoIIIBLr cTeH; HrDKe rrreJr ropr,r3oHTa!'rbHoSCXapm,IpoBaHHhrr,r npl,r Bo3BeAeHuIt STOrO COOp)DKe-Hr.rq Marepr.rKoBbrfi xopu.*ienr,ul cyrJrr{r{oK c B(Jrroqe-Hr,reM r[BecTKoBsx $paxquri. Xaparrep r{ noJroxe-HLIe CJIOT IIO3BOJITIOT CqIfTaTb, qTO OH O6pa3OBaJICf, Bpe3yJrbTaTe rr locJre pa3pFneH]4q Br,rsBIeHHoro IIo-MetueHHs.

Kepamavecxrai KoMrrJreKc cros HeMHoroqucreH,HO B HeM rrpeAcTaBJreHhr AOCTaTOTIHO Bbrpa3r4TeJlbHlteo6pasqsr. B nepxrefr qacrra cnos o6napy:xenu: o6:ro-MoK rJyrr, yroJlr{eHHoro BeHqr,rKa oeroaHrooupoBaH-Hori c aerefioli rloJrr.rBori valru (plrc. 7, 5), QparrrlenrBerrqr.rKa ualna c 6oprurou c 6ecqrernorl [po3paq-HoIl norllBoft (puc. 7, 6), o6:rouor BeHqr{Ka Karrrun-Hori qaIIIIr c po3oBLIM TecroM r4 roryobrr\flr r{ TeMHo-cl.ftt 14 MI4 opHaMeHTaIbH btMlt Jt t{HyJ{Ml4 ta cser,rou Qo-ne (puc.7, A, QparMeHT creurn valru c rparuponrorlno 6erouy auro6y rroA 3eneHorl rJra3]?Lro (pr4c. 7, 8),o6roMoK KorrrleBoro noAAoHa MaccrsHoi norI,IBHoI?TapeJrKrr c nepe;rorcexxorl no:rrmoft (puc. 7, 9), Spar-MeHT JTeHTOqHOI p]"rKX oerOrrI{HjIHOrO KyBrrr].rHa(puc. 8, 10), o6roMKr.r Kpacnonrrrurnbrx KlErrrtrHoB(puc.7, I I-13).

B cpeglrefi aracrrr cJro{ nari4enrr $parvenr xons-UeBofo noAAoHa ro (ocrerG{ot qaurx c rpaB[poBKonno 6enor'ry anro6y nog :arerofi nonusoir (pnc.7, I4),o6roMKr4 HenoJrr.rBHorl KepaMr4Kr.r (puc.7, 15, 16, 18,20), a a nu:rrrtefi,tacrr,r - QparMerrr Berr.rrlKa 6eJroaH-ro6lrporauuoi ualnr c 6oprraroM r.r cqreJroBrrAHr,rMBerrtruKoM, norpr,rroft :enenorl rna:1puo r.r MapraH-qenofi pocnncrro s BZne KorrqerrftuqecKlrx oKp)r{a{o-clefi (pnc. 7, I7), u o6norraor seu' {Ka KorJra c Kopr4tr-HeBr,IM TecToM c flpmrrecr,ro necra (pnc.1, ]9).

IrI: clol npoucxoAsr raroKe gne uouerrr. Ogna -v'egrrat, d = 15 lru, nnoxofi coxparuocrlr. Bropar(puc.7,2l) - cepe6prnar, d = 0.8-9.9 cM, oqeBLrA-Ho, meHza mrpBaHrrraxa @app1x-Llaccapa (1462-1501 rr.), o6napyxeua y Bocroaruoro yrJla noMelqe-Hr,IJI, Ha ypoBue Bepxneri on',rer:ru saKtraAHblx Kxpru-vei. Ha arepce fra MoHera uMeer norycreprhtli pfl-cFroK; Ha peBepce coxpaHr{Jrca $parueur apa6cKofrHa4rrdcr.r: Idylpu6a calua]ma 875 'vexaueua e roqy875 Ino nll.><pel". r.e. s 1470-71 r.'.

ZBttpar<aro npu3EarerrLr{ocrE A.P. Illuxcargony (I4Hcruryr[cropnd, apxeoJror[rr ]i grsorpaQnE IHU PAH) Ir f.A. fltrp-xynreaoii (I4xcrrryr apxeoroau[ ll 3TIIorpa+IIII HAH A3ep-6aiAxaqa) 3a [epeBoA q olpeAereEqe MogerEI.

pocct4]acKAg APxEororu.t lr! 4 2oo7

Ptrc.6. Pac(ofi XXI. / - Br4q c 3arraAa Ha BcKpErroe rroMe-IIIeflne rr pacqunleEHr,ri rpor; 2 - nnA c IOB cBepxy saBCKpbrTOe rloMeqelll{e.

Brrrureunoe npn*rolroJrLr{oe noMerqeHrre, c BHyr-peHnr{Mfl pa3Mepawd 1.98(2.12) x2.3 u, 6rrno annor-H]'ro lprlc1'poeHo K rpory, TaK qTo rpaHb cK:rJrbr co-craBJrrJra ero roro-Bocroquyro creny (puc. 3A; 6, I).flpu erou npoeM B rpor pacrroJrariurcr Brryrpr,r 3Aa-rur. 3garue 6rr,ro coopyxeHo B Bbrpr,rroM B Marepr.rKeHeuryooKoM KorroBaHe, coortsercrByrorqeM BHeIlrHuMpa3MepaM Bo3Bogmoro sqarnar (ox. 3.6 x 2.8 lr). Cre-Hr,r ero cJroxeHbr 13 cpegHr.rx (22-36x20-28 x 14-30 cru) u rp;.nulrx (38-88 x 1440 x 1448 cM) npm',ro-'ToJILHbIx KaMHei II II.]IIIT c xopouo oreqtHHblMu JrIr-qerori r.r 6oxoarrMr4 noBepxuocrtl,ff (pIrc. 36; 6, 1).HeKoropLre m .rrbr Ha rllrleBoi rpaHlr nMeror AeKo-parr.rBrr1,'ro HaceqKy. B KraAKy AJrt Bl,IpaBHlIBaHr4J{ pt-AoB r,r rnBoB u 6ommelt ycrorfvunocru KoucrpyKru4r4BcraBJIeHL,I ne6olsulre roHKIre rrJII4T6I u rarraru. BKJraAKe K)ro-3arraAnofi u cenepo-eanagnorl cren cgroft qemro 6r,rru uclorb3oBanbl rl oboxcKerr;reKr.rpruqu Qoplrara 21 x 2l x 5 cr'r. Kra4ra nangp-nax, c sa6yronxoi r.r3 MerKoro u cpegnero 6yra, peg-xn< o6;roMroe rxpnr,rvefi ronrqrnrorl 4-5 o,r, na rnu-HrHoM pacrBope. Tonupra men 52-56 cu; coxparr.rn-mascs st tcar a 7 6-1 12 cw.

58 TAAXI,IEB

e , t7@E

d = 7-8 cu d = 23-25 cu

. I0 3 cr'r

Ha reptraranr,noft rpanr.r cxa.nu, .annrnulerl ognorlr.I3 CTOpOH nOMe[IeHUS, r,rMeK)TCr rUrTL I.tCKyCCrBeH-HLrx na3oB rrprMoJrorr,Hot u lo:ryqupxy:rsuoi Qop-urr (urrpmoi 13-26 cu, numrofi 18-28 cu lr r:ry6r.r-nofr or 7 Eo 26 cru), pacrroJroxeHHr,rx Ha 14-30 cM srr-rrre npoeMa B rpor (prlc. 1). Orrn pacnonararorcanpxMepr{o Ha oAHoM }?oBHe r{ B nJrorrlaAr.r BcKpbrToronoMerleHr/rr. Pagsrqa yponneft na3oB r{ rroAorrrBr,rcreH floMerqeHnq cocraBJrrer 2.35-2.60 M, r.r Mo)KHocrrlrrarb, qro oHtr crJDKunr,r Ars onopu 6a:rox n:rocro-KpoBe.lILHOrO nepeKpbITI4I LI oTMeqaIOT rrprtr\.{epHyroBI'ICOTy 3AaHr4s.

B cenepo-oocrovnori crene 3[aHlrt pacrloJ]oxeHyoxufi (64 ctu) gnepnoi npoer.a (puc.3A, E;6,l),noporKoroporo oQopu.neu AByxprAHori xnagxori r.rs ne-6onrurr.rx qagrr.rquo o6pa6oranurrx nnocxux rarlmeri.B sanagnor'.r yrny rroMerr{euu;r 6ru ycrpoen mruo-6rranrft ovar, vMetouxk Sopuy 1/4 rpyra (d = 37-

aR)A)\_-/ u'22 oc

1 ct'r

40 or) (puc. 7A, E: 6,2).lnnnot 6sr:rr.r o6MasaHBr Hanr,rcory 28 cM rr HenocpegcrBeHHo rlpr.rMr,rKaroque Koqary rracTKr.r coo1tseTcTtsyrc4fi cTeH noMetqeHnr.Oqar 6sl:r cnJrLHo rrpoKaJrex, o6parqaer BH[MaHr{erroJrHoe orcyrcrBlre B HeM sonsr, ytonr,roo. 3ro, re-porrHo. Moxer yKa3brBarb. qro oH 6rrr c eryarbHoOIII4IIEH.

B ro;rcror'r yrny noMe[IeH]rr pacq]IrleHbr errle rpltsryrreHr{ Br,rceqer{Hoi B cKane necrr{mpr (pxc. 8, 1),o6pa:yroque yaxnfi (40 cu) rsrxoq tr3 3AaHr4rr, K HxMneprreHnEKy.lrrpHo nplrMbrK:rJra loro-3arraAHtuI cTeHarroMerqeHur. Iftcxcrrr crlmeurxa Hr,Ix BrrJrorr{yro rIoA-xoAlrJra K nopory "rlranoro" na:a. B fioMerqeHaq,BnpI,{ThrK K cKaJre, BAoJrb Hee pacrroJrarajrr{cL IIocTaB-JreHHBre B prA Beprr.rKaJrr,Ho ua pe6po lrecrl o6o-)oKeHHr,rx Ktrprr[qe4 qeTLrpe r,r3 KoTopLx r.rMeJrr{ pa3-ll.ep 2112 x 21 22 x 44.5 cv', ory,lr. - 23 x 23 x 5 cM,oguu - 24 x 24 x 5 cM.IIpt pac.rucrre Kxpnwtefr Ha

POCCZI4CKAT ApXEOIOI-I4S il! 4 2oO7

0 l c u

Pnr. 7. Pacxon XXI. I4HAqBEAyarLqLte Haxoant (14,21,22) u KepaMtrqecRxi KoM[r eKc (520\. j-3 - xeleao, I - crer:ro,5-20 - repall.uxa,21- cepe6po,22 - ueqr.

d = 1 9 c w

d = 2 l c u

3OPOACTPI4I,ICKI4I4 NOIPEBANbHT,II' KOMTIJIE,KC EJIIT3 IEPBEI{TA 59

)'poBrre ID{ ocHoBaH[s r noAorlBbl ctel{ 3Aarut oblJroBbrmJreHo norpe6eHtre 1.

Ilozpedeuue 1 (prc. 8, 1; 9, 1) pacnonararocsBrurfiEylo K cKale, HIDKe rIOpOra "Ualoro" .na3a na46-58 cu. flrrHa r'aonfirHofi ncI ne :atpn<crpora-Ho. Ilorpe6eHre rrpgAcraBJrrno co6ofi 3axopoHerueB3pOCJTOTO MJDKqXHET B BbrrtHy'roM Ha CIIIIIe trOJrOX<e-

rm, roaosoi Ha 03, e pacnoroxeruofi q)"rr' HDKerroJra rroMeqeHut nerny6orofi (20-25 crrl) ysroftfpyHToBori fMe c 3aKpyHleHl{}'tr\'fl4 yruIar\,flr, AJllff{ot1.8 M, trmplnroft or 58 cM n usrororre go 34 clrr n uo-rax. Y cxalrr tMa qacrrmo 6rrna o6nox<eua rperr,rrKfpfltrsar!flr. c cenepo-sanaproi npogolruofi u cere-po-Bocrormoli fionepellllofi cropou, T.e. TaM, rAe tMane 6rrna orpaHrrqeHa cKi rbuoft fioBep&{ocrblo, no-rpe6enue Ha ypoBHe pra 6rlro oraiuneno cnernofir:rnro6trnoi, c o6rursuoi rpnrecbx) rreraa I,I 3onbr,rroJrocoft trrfipnroft 1G-12 cr"r u ro.ltnptoir2-S c:rl.

ffuoxo coxparmffic,a vepeu uorpe6emroro 6burrroBepnyr JruqeBbrMu KocrlMa ua trOB, rocta lerofipyl<u CJIerKa COTIIyTLI B JIoKTeBOM CygIaBe I4 JIeXaJII'I

Krrcrbro r{a ra3e; noJroxeHtre npaBot p}'Ktr oKa3alJrocbHapyxeHr*,rM. Hortr B KOJTeHHbTX CyCTaraX 6rrnn cse-gemr. r{epen cBepxy rrepeKpblr o6nomrolvr o6pa6o-Tarruofi rroAuptMoyroJlr'Hofi BToptrtrHo I{crIoJrb3oBaH-rofi (Qparrrrerr aprurexrypuofi gera.nr?) rnrru(38 x 36 x 9 cu). flo o6e c"roponr,r veperla Jre)<aJrt ABeToHKtre MetrHr,Ie MoHerEr: ogua - ona.rruoft QopusI(d = 13-16 la*.r), 6er nqm'rrx rso6pored, Bropilt(d= 16 r'du) -c Hetcur'nr reo6paxeruer'r (na4rmcrro?)Ha oArroi cropoHe tr reoMerpl{tlecKtrM rrJrereHHbIMKapTymeM-opHaMerrrorra, 6,nrsxnrl K noAo6HLrM EaBoCrotrrrbrx MoHeTax 3onoToopAblHCroro tr TtrMtp@-cKoro BpeMeHtr - Ha Apyrofi (pnc. 7,22), Bcrprrmrefiorpe6eur,re r{ 3[aHtre I{enocpegcrtseHxo cBt3alubluexqy m6oi u npeqcrannnor ue6om'Iloi ry6on4-uofi $optuu r.,ran:onei.

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l4J'rr,rHer{Ho-oBzurbHas AJIxIrofi 74 cM, lfidpunoft 24-28 cu t ury6atoft 10-12 cu. B sMe 6rrrn aKryparHoynoxeubr 6ea auaroM[qecKoro roptAKa Kocru nonrlrrroJrHoto cKeJrera B3pocJloro MID(w{rrbr - oTcyTcrBo-Biuls rEIIrb o,qua ronaTKa. HeKoTopl'le Kogtlr Kr'Igre[pJrK r,I crorr Hor tr HecKoJrbKo MeJIKId no3BoHKOB KOrr-qrma. Bce Kosru, xopo ei coxpam{osrfi, 3a I{cKIrIo-qeHr.reM crroMauxoro [onoJratM rasa. r{epen Jre>Kzur yIoro-3arraArroro Kpiul tlMbl, HeMlroro Bo3Bbllrarrcb HaAHei; oAHa noJroBxr{a raga 6rr:ra rroJroxeHa p.qoM c

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ftrr nnepnperar@ BLITIBJIeHHoTo KoMIUreKcaBar{Geraflee 3HaqeHue npeAcraBJrrror o6nappreu-rrbre B pacKorrauHoM 3gaxlrll norpe6erur. Ilorpe6e-rme l, neororpr na ro, .tro I4Meer opueHTal+rlo u no-ro)Kerfie norpeoemoro, 6rl{3xlle K I.tcJraMcKI.rM Irop-MaM, HeJIL3t npU3HaTb lryCylSUanCXrcrl. 3rOvynporuBopeqar aecr,ua nerny6oxarr MoryJrbrraJr rrMa,ycTpoeHIraUI qyI:I' HmKe )PoBru{ Ilona noMeuleHr,rJ{, Ha-xotrKtr MoHer, clletu{iurblro rroJro)<eHHBDa rlo o6e gro-poHr,r qepeua, tr [eneJIbI{o-DII4IUtrItur noJroca, qacTl{q-no oxaftirln.rrorqar norpe6enrae Lrr HecoMrreHuo, nMe-rcqar pu:ry,ubmui xapaxrep. Orueverntre qeramlnorpe6erur BMecte c reM rlo3BoJrtror xapaKTepl,I3o-Barb ero KaK ocJ.rlecrBreHHoe IIo 3opoacTpmcKoMy

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O6parlaer rrnmaHrre, npe)rqe Bcero, rny6mra ruo-rulsrofi nra;r, Qarruvecr-a npegcran:rnorqar yrrry6-nenr.re n nony. Ilogo6rryro neruy6oxyro, B HecKoJrLKoArofMoB qMy Aeram B noJry noMerrleHfir rrapcbr r{eKo-Topr,x ropogoB lypxapara, KorAa yri.fi.rpa;r rreJroBeK,3aTeM HacbmaIr.{ B rlee flecoK I4 IIoMeIqaJIr4 Ha 9TO Me-cro roKotom<a (Meinap.rnm, 1999. C. L36, 131).ysopoacrpqftIen Vlpaua u AoMe, couracno HoBorrep-cr.IncKr,rM pxBatraTaM, BbrneJrrJru creluliurbHoe MecToqJrr F{eplxero. Koropoe oqepqr:GaiTu KaHaBKoE.B.0. Kproroua coflocrzrBrrer sry rpaAr.rrq, o c xopo-rrro r.r3BecrHr,rM r Cpeprefi Asnu o6r,uaeu ycrpofi-crra "rpelrreruofi rrrolnrlr" r nuge ueray6oroi nmr nAoMe )'l.rep ero. Tarue nrr,r r,BonxpoBaJrrr KaK or3eMJIr,I, TaK rr OT rroJra XI,IIOIO rIOMeIr{eHr,IJr Ctrer+,I:ljlb-HbrM cJroeM (Xucrraaryrrn, Kproxona, 1997 . C. 2I9-222). B raar;l.eu cnyrae nogo6nrrM r3orsropoM Bbr-cTynaeT cnelU{autbHat floroca. oKaffturqrcqat nofpe-6em{e co cropoHr,r noJra noMetrtreHnjr tr E3roroBJreH-HaJr E3 rJrr,rHJmoro pacrBopa c 6orr,noi [pr4Mecr,K]nerua u sonu. O6parlaer BHuMaHtre Ha;rl4qtre 3oJrbr trneua (npoglxroB t cITMBoJIoB oqucrnreJrr,Horo EoxpaHrTeJrbHoro onIq) r.r To, qTo sTa noJroca orpa)K-Aara Mor-LrD/ ToJr bKo co cropou, rAe ue 6srlo crals-Horo orpa:KleHr.rr u 6opAropa r.r3 KnprMqa.

Yctpofi crto taxori "opelr.rerxoi rrronryrr,r" l.loxer6rrrr conosrasreno c npe4rrrcaHtreM, cogep)Kar@{-cr r B4ergare (VIII, 8-10): "II nor rorga rrycrb Ma3-gaxcrdpr.nrry rr,rKonaror 3AecL, B eroi :eune, [rny-6nrofi] n rroJrHorr - n rrepgofi, B [oJTqeroBeKa - BMrrr(ofi; Ha 9To MecTo nycT6 rlplrHecyr 3oJIEI ruIE Ha-

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BO3a, a CBepXy HaHeCyr KUpIMrIa, IrrI4 KaMrr{, rrJrlr cy-xofi rr,rHbr, rrJrrr copa, 3gecr, rrycm no:roxar 6ec.ry,n-grtseHr{oe TeJro r{a ABe Jrr{ Holnr, Ha TpII JrII Horll.I, HaMectII Jrr{, - Ha BpeMJI, IIOKa He [pr4JreTrT rrTr{qbr, Henpor.Bpac"ryT pacTeHr{r, He pacTeKyTcr .lr)DKI,I, BeTepr{e Br,rcylr,rr ser.rrro. I,I Bor KorAa npfirerrrr rrTrlrlbr,rrporr3pacTyT pacTeHr,rr, pacTeKyrcr Jryxu, BeTep Br,r-cyurr4T 3eMnrc. Tor[a [ycrr, Ma3naqcHyi(br B sroM Ao-lre 6peun npope:ryr. finoe upx.nm [rl:] nponopnux,]a{eJIbIx - HarLIe, HeoAeTbIe AoJD{<HbI, 3aKperr]4BTpJm Ha rur[HsHoM Krrpll{qe uJrrr KaMrre, noJroxI,ITLefo Ha 3aecrb B TaKoe Mecro. r4e 6y,qer HaaepHrKanpl{3Har{o, [.rro ecru] rrox<aparorrye rpy.nsr co6arra ranolarparcrrpe rpynu nrmpr" (Xuctuaryaltr, Kproro-sa, 199'7. C. 213, 214, 236).

BMecre c reM, B rorpe6enuu I ne 6rrro :aQuxcll-poBaHo KaKr.rx-Jrr{6o cregon, crragerenrc"rnyrorqrax o6fi3oJlfl{xx rpyna or HLDKeJrexaxIei 3eMrn. qro tBrt-eTct raKt<e BaKHbIM npeAlrr,IcaHr{eM, xoTq HeMHoronuxe (or. 10 cu) una rMr,r cJreAoBa;ra cKa;rbna.f, no-Bepxuocrr,. Mo;rcro gyuarr, rrro nepBoHarrarbHorpyn 6ur o6epuyr B caBaH, Ha qro, Beporrr{o, yKa3},r-BaroT cBeAeHHhre KoJreHHbre cycTaBr,l cKeJIeTa BcJIeA-crBI,Ie rIeDeBt3KI,I cagaHa B aroM Mecre. flo ormcaru{o-r,ry e Bnqeasare (VIII,24-25) o6ptgy Ha rpyne He no-Jrararlocb ocTaBJUTTL oAexly, I{, KaK cqI,ITarcTrrccJregoBareJrrr, BocTlplrtrlle canaua (nepc. kafan)r.rpaHcKnMr{ 3opoaoprdqarvfl.r 6buro pe3yJrl'TaroM My-cyJrbMar{cKoro Brrwtnas, v aaBreurs, (Xr,Icuarynuu,Kprorooa, l99l . C.226,239).

Oco6bIIi I.IHTepec rpegcraBJr{er HaJII4qrre MoHer Br.r3roJroBl,e norpe6erur 1, yxasrrnaroqee ua o6pagflorox<eHr4s MoHer, xoropuii lroxet 6rrt conocrae-reH c noAo6Hoi Aerzr,rbo oxopoEro qepeMoHrmuparrcKrr( napcoB. Ha rperd genr rocJre lroMelrleur.rlnoxoinrma B A o{y, B noJrr{orrb B AoMe yl,reprueronpoBoArr cneqlraJrbHbre pr,rrya!'lbr nwmu-cedyw srua6-zupttx ("or1rr6a Hoqnoro 6uenrs") c [ocBrn{e-Hr.reM )4\.tepueMy c equajrbHo [3roToBreHHorl oAex-Alr, qro6rr A)'rrra He 6rrna uarori B palo, I4 ocBtrrleH-Hr,rx Bo Bper4J{ gTrD( rIepeMoHM pr{TyaJrr,Horo nHypaKycmu - cltMBora [prrHaAJrexHocTll K 3opoacTpll3My,rycoura cepe6pa, Mouerbr rrJrr.r Kom,qa. 3ru npeque-Tbr, KaK crrrrTaroT Bep)rcrrEe, npeAHzBHatIeHbI Ars Ay-ma noxofirlrxa (Jl.nnuncxr,i, 1983. C. 119, 120: IIur-omrcxrft, Ce[oB, i984. C. 154, 155; Mefirapunau,1999. C.ll8,119). Ha"ruvae n eroM qepeMoHr4 re Mo-nerrr M. Eofic c<nor*ra 6sr.na csssr,rsarr c Bocxotrg-IrIr,rM K CeJIeBKI4ACKOMy BpeMeHr.r, rpeqecKr,rM IIO npo-rrcxoxAeHrrro o6pagou xopoHr{Ts nororh[ma er\,{egrec rraonerofi, [peAHa3HaqeHHofi Xapory, r4 orMeq:uracJ'lAraI,I HaxoAoK uoHer e norpe6eHnD( cacaHuncKofoBpeMeur.r Ha reppuropm tr4pana (Boyce,1975.P. 154,155). Ha"rrlulre uoner B norpe6emrr I Mo)cro cBr3arbKMeHHo c 4armsru o6prgou, Bo3Mo)r<rro. c raroB-roero napuaqraeri. B :opoaerprdcroM rroHr,rMaHrrr{ Mo-r{era rrpr{ norpe6ermoru, BeporrHo, rlpegcraBJrrJracI,IMBorI4qecKyIo nnary 6oraru, Koropbre Beprrrar cyAHa rreroBetrecKnMrr AyrrraMr.r y Mocra 9rznnar: Cpo-

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3To 3axopoueHrre r.Brflercs. BTopr{.tr{r,rM u 6r,uro ocy-ulecrtsJleHo nocre pacnaAa MtrKJo( TTaHet4 cKeJtera.Yqlrrrrnas sror Sarr, xax r pacnoJroxeHr4e Br,rlre BcKzrJ're rfcKyccrBeHHoro rpora c 3opoacrpdcrcmm no-rpe6ansurrr"ru ru awn (daxna-uu) , norpe6erue 2 rrrox<-HO )tsepeHHo LIHTeprIpeTtrpoBaTb KaK 3opoaflpEE-cKoe Kocrexpanr.rtut4e-acmo dau. I{urepecno u o6-HapyxeHrle B H r{rxe p loM c }tr{M He6orburoror,r3BecfKoBoro [sTHa, BeAL LI3BeoTL, HaptAy c KaMHeM,Kl{pntrlraMr,t, 3oJIoIi Lr r.4., BLlsr}{Iara, [o npeAcraBJle-rurrM 3opoacrplirleB, cBoero poAa crepaJrr.r3aropoM,npg4oxpauJrroqrlM 3gMJrIo or ocxrepnexru (Brgen-uar. VI, 51, VlI, 10).

I{Hrepnperaqua BcKp},rrr,rx norpeoeHr,Ifi KaK 30-poacrpuricxro< no cBoeri o6ptAHosrra npeAocraBrqerBO3MOXHOCTb COIIOCIaBUTI' BhltBJIeHHOe 3lIaHI,Ie C

"gorrou g.tra ueprnrrx" (aBecr. kata) rIo3AHrD( 3opo-acrpnfiqee - nepc. sad-uapz-xaue ("4orr,r poxgeuux ucuepru") upaucxror 3opoasrpnfiqeB Lr nepc. Haca-xaHe("gou glx ueprnrx") ungnlclo< napcon. B Bugerqa-re (V, 10-11) rpzBoAlrrct olrr4caHr{e raKoro rroMenre-nr.rq: "Bor :reto cMeHr,IJrocb 3I4MoIo, qro AoJrtGbI Ae-:rars ua:garcmrfulsr? - ...[olI 3a AoMoM, poA 3a po-AOM rryCTb BO3BeAyT TpLI AOMa AJrt TeX, qTO MepTBbIe,. .. rarori [nerlr.rlrurr], qto6rr n no:rnrrft pocr ru ro-roBoi Ee yflupaTr,ct, HI{ HoraMI{ BrrepeAr,I, Hr4 pyKaMI4oxpecr. Bor noloxennr,rri Uo:ol (kata) nJIt rex, qror'reprarre" (Xucr'aary.nun, Kproxon a, 1997 . C. 214).

flpegrmcaunrru pa3MepaM coortsercrByer pacKo-rraHHoe 3AaHrre, rrMerorqee BHyrpIr oKoJIo 2.O x23 M,npr.r Bbrcore 2.4 u. B raxofi 4ov noueula.ncr noxofi-Hr.rK BO "BpeMeHr{yro Mo 4JIy", npexle rIeM oH nepe-Hocl rcr B daxny. na trro yKa3brBaer npLrBoAHBrxI, lcrBlrrrre orprrBoK r.r: BunenAara (VIII, 8-10). Kax ua roo6paru:ra nnuruanue B.0. Kprorona, "sror orpr'rrornpeqcrar.nrer co6ori egea rua ne eqraHcrBeHHoe Meqror Br,rgeogare, rAe rracro noBToptloqeect B gToM Ko-AeKce yKa3aHr.re "r :rou qorue r'aaagaacrdcrorrr... "qerlcrnureluuo vo)<er 6brrr, cB.f,3aHo c AoMoM, )<nJrr{-rqeM, rrocKoJrEKy a o4nori lr: rocnegytolqlrx Qpa:npeAIMct'IBaeTCt IIpOpe3aTt B 3'IoM Aoue ornepcnte"-"...1I nor rorga npr.rrerrrr rrrr.rrlbr, rrpor.r3pacryr pac-TeHIlfi, pacTgKyTcr ny)Kfi, BeTep BhIcyIIIxT 3eMJIIO, TO-

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'BJrurct o[I{uM r,r3 orrJroroB cacalflrAcKoll BJracrrn HaBoqro.{Hor{ KaBxage, I.t cpe4tr HaceJreHE ropoAa,orreBunHo, 6buro HeMiuro [prrBepxeHrleB peJrumn 3a-paryffrpbr. Bropoi nepuo4 6r,rtosam,rr KoMrureKca,cyAs no uMero4o{cr MareptraJraM, oruocrTcr K xI-XV ns., sogMoxc{o x 6onee yaxoft ga.re - )Ctr-XV en.,Korla Ha Bocroqrou Karrase npoqro yrtsepAurcrrrrcJraM, a [ep6err Bbrcr5ma;r oAH].rM r.r3 MycyJrbMan-cKrD( r{eHTpoB pemoaa. flpacrpoemroe B 9To BpeMJr Kpauee cyqecrBoBaBr efr, dax e ne6o:rr,lroe :qarue,conogtaBrreMoe c "AoMaMr4 AJrJr MeprBbrx" rro3AHrn3opoaflpuftqeB, cBr4AereJrBcrByer o nalrufl,I n< o6-up*r n fiep6eure u sKrroqaer Bogro.lrsrti KaBrag sapeaJl pacceJreHtrr rvrasqaacwrtqer n 3To BpeMr.

Pa6orrr nporograJrr.rcb B paMKax npoerra "Apxeo-rrorr{qecKr.re pacKonKr.r n [ep6erre" PfTItD (npoexrN 00-01-18084e).

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Zoroastrian funeral complex near DerbentM. S. Gadjiev

S u m m a r y

In 2000, a rock grotto with two destroyed rectangular-arowed entries was investigated near DerbenL Twolengthened pits and square dip were revealed in the grotto. The grotto is interpreted as a Zoroashian rock fu-neral complex (Mid. Pers. daxmagl wiLh lwo daxmas tpits for exposing bodies) and aslodan (repository forbones). Similar monuments of Sasanian times are known in Iran - in Fars (Kuh-i-Rahmat, Hussein Kuh). Dat-ing of the Derbent daxma (6th-7tn cc. AD) is based on analogies. The small building with an entrance and comerhe"arth was built close to the gotto in ttre 13h l5h cc. A.b. On the floor level, i grave of an adult male in ashallow pit sunounded by an ashen-clay band was discovered. Two copper coins lay on both sides ofthe skull.A silver coin was found in the layer of the room (shtwan-shah Famrh-Yasar's tenga of 875 A.H./1470-71 A.D.).The bricked-up grave 2, containing a secondary burial of neatly assembled bones of an adult male skeletonwithout anatomical order and interpreted as astodan, was discovered in a small natural rock niche near grave 1.The building compared with "house of the dead" (nasaxane, zad-o-margxane) of late Zoroastrians indicates thepresence of their community in Derbent and allows to include the Eastem Caucasus in the area of settling ofZoroastrians durins that time.

POCCI4I'ICKAJ{APXEOiIODI' N4 2OO7