Assessment of agricultural information needs in

African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States for

CTA’s Products & Services

Phase 1: Pacific

Country report: Fiji

Final Report

Prepared by

Makelesi B. Tavaiqia and

Peter Walton

on behalf of the

Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA)

Lautoka, Fiji

December 2004

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Table of Contents Acronyms and abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... 5

Executive summary ...................................................................................................................................... 7

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 7

Objectives ................................................................................................................................................ 7

Expected result(s) .................................................................................................................................... 7

Methodology ............................................................................................................................................ 7

Findings ................................................................................................................................................... 8

Conclusions and recommendations ......................................................................................................... 9

1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 11

1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 11

1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 11

1.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 13

2. Country profile ................................................................................................................................. 14

2.1 Agriculture, fisheries and forestry ......................................................................................... 15

3. Overview of Information and Communication Management Issues: Capacity, Services and Needs .. 18

3.1 Information and communication management capacity........................................................ 18

3.1.1 Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar and Land Resettlement (MASLR) ........................................ 18

3.1.2 Ministry of Fisheries and Forests ............................................................................................ 19

3.1.3 Information Technology and Computing Services (ITC) ....................................................... 19

3.1.4 Other institutions / organisations ............................................................................................. 19

3.2 Agricultural information and services ................................................................................... 20

3.2.1 Libraries and information centres ................................................................................ 20

3.2.2 The Internet ................................................................................................................... 21

3.3.3 National media .............................................................................................................. 21

3.3 Needs analysis ........................................................................................................................ 22

3.3.1 Information needs ......................................................................................................... 22

3.3.2 Capacity building needs ............................................................................................... 23

4. Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................................. 25

4.1 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ 25

4.1.1 Information needs and information access................................................................... 25

4.1.2 Capacity building needs ............................................................................................... 26

4.2 Recommendations .................................................................................................................. 29

4.2.1 Information Products and Services .............................................................................. 29

4.2.2 Communication Channels and Services ....................................................................... 29

4.2.3 ICM Skills and Systems ............................................................................................... 30

5. References ......................................................................................................................................... 31

6. List of organisations visited 34

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Annexes Annex 1 Terms of reference 22 Annex 2 Country profile – Fiji 23

Annex 3 Profile of institutions 31

Tables

Table A3.1 List of institutions in the agricultural sector in Fiji Table A3.2 Key institutions in the agricultural sector in Fiji

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Acronyms and abbreviations ACP African Caribbean and Pacific ALO Agriculture Liaison Officer AOA Agreement on Agriculture (of WTO)

ATH Amalgamated Telecommunication Holdings Ltd CCS Communication Channels and Services (CTA) CDF Commodity Development Framework CTA Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation

EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAS Farm Assistance Scheme FBCL Fiji Broadcasting Corporation Ltd

FIBS Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics HFTA High Temperature Forced Air ICM Information and Communication Management ICMS Information & Communication Management Skills and Systems (CTA)

ICT Information and Communication Technology IPS Information Products and Services (CTA) IRETA Institute for Research, Extension and Training in Agriculture ITC Information Technology and Computing Service (Fiji Govt)

LDCs Least Developed Countries MASLR Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar and Land Resettlement PACER Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations PC&S Planning and Corporate Services (of CTA)

PCDF Partners in Community Development Fiji PICTA Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement PPS Plant Protection Service (of SPC) SME Small and Medium Enterprises

SPARTECA South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement SPC Secretariat of the Pacific Community SPREP South Pacific Regional Environment Programme SPS Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement (of WTO)

TVET Technical, Vocational, Education & Training USP University of the South Pacific USPSOA University of the South Pacific School of Agriculture WTO World Trade Organisation

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Rates of Exchange In this report, the following rates of exchange are used (sourced from the European Commission, 17 Oct 2004)

1 Euro = USD 1.2323 1 Euro = FJD 2.16029

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Executive summary

Introduction This study comes under the mandate of the Planning Corporate Services (P&CS) of the

Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA). Under CTA’s Strategic Plan & Framework for Action 2001-2005, the strategic issue for CTA had been identified as being ‘improved targeting (including partnerships and beneficiaries), geographical coverage, decentralisation, regionalisation and thematic orientation’.

In the Pacific, the low number of individuals and organisations receiving CTA publications and/or participating in workshops and training courses indicates that they have not received sufficient attention in CTA programmes and activities. In addition, very little is known about

the six new Pacific member states. Therefore, there is a need to develop CTA intervention strategy and provide more targeted assistance. This study was carried out in Fiji.

Objectives The objectives as outlined in the Terms of Reference of the study are:

• To identify agricultural information needs of key actors/beneficiaries for CTA products and services

• To identify needs of potential actors/beneficiaries of CTA activities and services in terms of building capacity for information and communication management;

• To identify potential partners/beneficiaries for CTA activities and services; • To develop some baseline data to facilitate subsequent monitoring activities

Expected result(s) The expected result was a one main report not exceeding 20 pages according to the format provided

Methodology In Fiji, 29 agricultural organisations, private companies, the media and other institutions were

interviewed in this survey. Almost all of them were interviewed on a one to one basis with the

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heads of the relevant section of the government ministries or senior members of organisation

and owners of companies, and the remainder were given questionnaires to be returned by collection or post.

Findings Of those interviewed, 33% are currently receiving CTA publications, mostly Spore and have attended a CTA funded workshop/seminar through IRETA (Institute for Research, Extension and Training in Agriculture); 14% are aware of IRETA and/or CTA; the remaining 53% have

not heard of CTA. Only one private company has acquired financial assistance from CTA to publish booklets on orchids for the cut-flower growers in the country. In Fiji, an awareness programme about CTA and its activities particularly its assistance programme to ACP member countries is greatly needed.

Survey findings show that:

• Only about half of the farmers’ populations consistently receive agricultural information via radios and printed materials.

• Currently, only Radio Fiji offers the a regular source of agricultural information which covers the whole nation, but comprising only 75 minutes per week.

• The link between the IRETA representative in Fiji (the Agriculture Liaison Officer) and the potential local CTA beneficiaries is very weak.

• The Information and Communication Section of MASLR is the main source of agricultural information in the country.

• There are limited sources of agricultural information (local and international) in Fiji. • The ALO and the Information & Communications Unit (of MASLR) are faced with many

constraints which limit their outputs and their delivery of products and services to their beneficiaries.

Lack of infrastructure in the country including electricity, telecommunications, shipping and air services, etc. limits the transfer of information to only certain parts of the country. In addition, unqualified manpower handling information services and the lack of commitment by commercial media outlets to allocate space and air time for agricultural and rural issues on

regular basis restricts the delivery of agricultural information to the whole country. Other providers of agricultural information in the country include NGOs, regional organisations, training institutions, libraries, the Internet, bookshops and personal subscriptions

to publications locally and overseas. Many regional organisations and a few international

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organisations are based in Fiji, which is considered a benefit. However, the channels of

agricultural information dissemination from these organisations to the beneficiaries need to be improved or strengthened.

Conclusions and recommendations Fiji needs assistance in all areas of information and communications, particularly building the capacity of existing staff, increasing the number of staff as well as providing them with the necessary tools, equipment and incentives. This will assist in the strengthening of linkages and

creating an efficient flow of information between the sources/providers and the beneficiaries. The key recommendations as they relate to communication information products and services are:

• Review the existing distribution methods for CTA and IRETA publications in Fiji, and make recommendations for a more inclusive and efficient system. This may have a bearing on the role of the ALO and ALO network.

• Review the availability of information resources in Fiji, both local as well as those accessed overseas, and carry out a fuller information needs assessment focusing on the needs of people at the grassroots level – the farmers, fisher folk and rural dwellers. If as anticipated, this study evolves into a need to network better, that is included in 4.2.2.

• Review the form in which information is disseminated – language, medium – to determine a more appropriate method.

The key recommendation as it relates to communication channels and services is:

• Develop a national agricultural information network in Fiji. Training to manage and ICTs to facilitate such a network will be required.

The key recommendations as they relate to ICM skills and systems are:

• Implement a training programme for managers on the role and importance of effective information and communication management capacity on achieving sustainable outcomes.

A successful training activity should lead to greater appreciation of ICM, the need for an ICM policy and increased resources.

• Develop an ICM policy and identify strategies for improving management and dissemination of appropriate agricultural information.

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• Based on an ICM policy and strategy, determine resource needs, both physical and human. As likely as not this will lead to a better understanding of the calibre of staff required and their training needs, both in the area of ICM and ICT.

• Carry out training identified.

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1. Introduction

1.1 Background 1. This study comes under the mandate of the Planning Corporate Services (P&CS) of CTA.

P&CS supports the three operational programmes of the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), namely: Information Products and Services (IPS), Communication Channels and Services (CCS), and Information and Communication Management Skills and Systems (ICMS).

2. Under CTA’s Strategic Plan & Framework for Action 2001–2005, the strategic issue for CTA had been identified as being ‘improved targeting (including partnerships and beneficiaries), geographical coverage, decentralisation, regionalisation and thematic

orientation’ (TOR, 2003). The extent of relevance of CTA activities to the poor and whether they are reaching them is part of the CTA strategic plan. Gender awareness and identifying potential partners particularly in independent sectors are also part of the concerns.

3. Records have shown that countries in the Pacific and Caribbean have not received sufficient attention in the CTA programmes and activities. The low number of individuals and organisations receiving CTA publications and/or participating in workshops and training courses indicates this. In addition, very little is known about the six new Pacific member states

(Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Cook Islands and Niue). Therefore, there is a need to develop CTA intervention strategy and provide more targeted assistance.

4. A number of CTA’s national and regional partners had also requested the current study with the aim of providing more targeted assistance to their beneficiaries.

1.2 Objectives 5. The study in Fiji was commissioned in late 2003. The objectives as outlined in the Terms of Reference of the study (Annex 1) are:

• To identify agricultural information needs of key actors/beneficiaries for CTA products and services

• To identify needs of potential actors/beneficiaries of CTA activities and services in terms of building capacity for information and communication management;

• To identify potential partners/beneficiaries for CTA activities and services;

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• To develop some baseline data to facilitate subsequent monitoring activities 6. The expected result was a one main report not exceeding 20 pages according to the format provided. The report would assist the three operational departments of CTA and its local representatives:

• To improve target interventions and activities aimed at potential partners and beneficiaries (including women, youth, private sector and civil society organisations);

• To have a more informed picture of their needs; • To assist in the elaboration of strategy and framework of action 7. Identifying specific areas for CTA products and services would also be covered in this study. This is to assist in the improvement of the delivery of its products and services to its

beneficiaries.

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1.3 Methodology 8. The study used a mixture of questionnaires, semi-formal interviews and secondary reading to collect data. From February to May 2004, a total of 29 agricultural organisations, private companies and institutions were visited and staff interviewed. Those selected for

interview were staff of organisations whose activities encompassed the collection, analysis, production and dissemination of agricultural information. In all cases, the person interviewed was the person responsible for or a senior officer in the department or section or, in the case of private companies, the owner. A full list of the institutions is contained in section 6. In summary,

the organisations included:

• Government ministries/departments – 6 ministries, comprising 9 departments • Non-Government organisations – 1 • Private companies – 3 • Statutory bodies – 2

• Regional organisations – 1 • Banking institutions –1 • Women’s association – 2 • Youth association – 1

• Farmers’ association – 1 • Media organisations – 8 • Telecommunication companies – 3

9. Questionnaires and interview forms were completed during interview. In addition, questionnaires were sent to organisations not visited. The Department of Rural Development

and the Fiji Chamber of Commerce did not return questionnaires sent to them. 10. The data collected by interview and questionnaire was collated and deployed in the report as appropriate.

11. Secondary sources consulted included publications sent to the local consultants by CTA, as well as Fiji Government reports and other reports. A list of sources consulted is given in section 5.

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2. Country profile

12. The Republic of the Fiji Islands (usually referred to as Fiji) lies between 15° and 22° south and longitudes 174° east and 177° west. A map of Fiji can be seen on Fig. 1. The country comprises some 330 islands with two major islands, of which only a third are inhabited. The

islands are scattered over 1.3 km2 million of ocean, while the total land area of the group is 18,333 km2. The majority of the islands are mountainous and of volcanic origin, some are uplifted limestone and the rest are rugged limestone islands. The two major islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, constitute almost 85% of the total land mass.

13. Fiji enjoys a mild tropical maritime climate that varies from high rainfall in the east of the main islands to arid conditions in the west. The wetter and hotter months are from November to April, while the dryer, cooler months are from June to September. The annual average

temperature is 25.3°C and the annual average rainfall is 3,100 mm in the wet zone, and 1,921 mm in the dry zone.

14. In 2002, the population of Fiji was estimated to be 826,281 (FIBS 2004). Approximately

80% of the population live on the two major islands, and 53.6% of the total population live in the rural areas. There are several different ethnic groups living in Fiji. In 2003, it was estimated that Fijians make up 52.6% of the total population, Fiji Indians 41.0% and others 6.4% (FIBS 2004). In common with the rest of the region, the overwhelming majority of the population is

under 40 years of age, and fully one third is under 15 years of age. The median age (according to the 1996 census) is 21.2 years. 15. The population growth has dropped from 2% in the period 1976–1986, to 0.8% in the

period 1986–1996. The average household size is 5.3 people with some 155,000 households. The population density is 42 persons per square kilometre (Table 2.2.1, Annex 2). 16. Fiji’s economy is primarily agrarian with sugar as its main commodity. Other industries

that contribute to the economy are tourism, fisheries, forests and manufacturing. In 1999, total exports amounted to F$1.2 billion. In 2003, total exports amounted to F$1.3 billion (FIBS 2004). Of these, 30.5% were food items, primarily sugar (17.3% of total exports); export of fresh and frozen fish (6.5%) and fruit and vegetables (2.1%) showed an increase. Copra and

coconut oil continued their decline in importance, to just 0.3% of total exports; wood and wood products (wood chips) also declined (to 2.5%) largely as a result of the 2000 political crisis. A significant entrant into the export market was bottled mineral water, which now comprises 3.5% of total exports. Manufactured textiles and garments (23.7%, down on the figures for

1999 due entirely to the 2000 crisis) and gold (5.9%) were the only other significant

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commodities exported. The value of exports continues to be less than the value of imports, at

around 59% for the first quarter 2004 (Table 2.1.6, Annex 2). 17. The per capita Gross National Income for Fiji is US$2,160 (€1,753) and the nation is classified by the World Bank as a Lower Middle Income economy. The political crises of 1987

and 2000 affected the economy drastically. However, since the last upheaval in 2000, significant economic recovery has been made in the tourism sector at least (430,800 visitor arrivals in 2003), but the sugar industry remains in crisis. In 2002, GDP was F$3.4 billion (at current prices), 7.6% over the previous year (FIBS 2004). In 2003, inflation was 4.2% (FIBS

2004). 18. Fiji is ranked 81st out of the 175 countries in the UNDP 2003 Human Development Index (HDI). Ranking is based on a composite of four indicators: life expectancy, literacy, school

enrolment and GDP per capita. The education indicators compare favourably with the average for countries classified under Medium Human Development.

2.1 Agriculture, fisheries and forestry 19. At the national level, two years ago the Fiji Government decided to combine the Fisheries Department and Forests Department from the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forests to form the Ministry of Fisheries and Forests. The revamped Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar and

Land Resettlement (MASLR) is responsible for sugar cane and all other agricultural commodities, and also for resettling those cane farmers (predominantly Fiji Indians) whose leases have expired and/or are not renewed by the traditional landowners (the indigenous Fijians). Each Ministry is now headed by a chief executive officer who is a public servant on

contract. Various related statutory bodies come under these ministries. 20. The policies of the Ministry of Agriculture in the 1970s were directed towards import substitution. Government investments in agricultural development projects were vigorously

pursued during the two decades following independence in 1970. The import substitution policy focused on growing local food to directly replace products that were imported – rice, beef, dairy, poultry and feed grains (McGregor & Gonemaituba 2002). Potential new commodity exports such as cocoa were to be developed. Apart from setting the policy, the

Government went further and provided manpower to implement these projects. Imports were restricted by either tariffs or licenses. 21. A major shift in national economic policy was adopted in 1989 when deregulation was

implemented. This was again changed in the late 1990s to Government-led agricultural

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development, initially under the Commodity Development Framework and then the Farm

Assistance Scheme in 2001. Both these strategies were controversial and were largely held to have failed.

22. The mission of the Ministry of Fisheries and Forests is ‘to advocate the sustainable

development of the fisheries and forest resources in support of a growing and equitable economic and social development of our people’ (Strategic Development Plan 2004–2006). In the same plan, the Minister states that the marine resource and forest sectors have exactly the same strategic priority areas, namely sustainable development, increased production of value

adding and export, effective resource owners’ participation and the provision of institutional and physical infrastructures. This provides the rationale for a joint fisheries/forestry ministry. 23. In Fiji, land is not just a valued resource but one that is intricately bound up with

indigenous culture. Eighty three per cent of the land is owned by indigenous Fijians, 9% is owned by the State and 8% is freehold. However, just 16% of the total land area is suitable for agriculture. This land is found mainly on the coastal plains, and in the river deltas and valleys. One quarter of this land is used for sugar cane production, 23% for coconuts and 53% for other

crops such as ginger, rice, fruits, root and vegetable crops (Tavaiqia 2002). 24. Despite the growth of the tourism sector, agriculture is still the backbone of Fiji. It is the mainstay of the economy in terms of foreign exchange earnings, employment generation and

economic activity. This sector, which includes forestry and fishing used to account for some 20% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employ more than 60% of the labour force and generate more than three-quarters of the export earnings (Fiji National Agricultural Survey – 1999). Tourism and textiles have since surpassed agriculture, such that in 2001 the contribution

of the agriculture sector to total GDP was down to 10% (McGregor & Gonemaituba 2002). 25. The total acreage farmed and the number of farms in 1968, 1978, 1991 and 1999 is shown in Table 2.1.2 (Annex 2). Despite the number of farms having tripled in 30 years, the average

size of the holding has remained more or less constant at around 6.2 ha per farm. In the 1999 Agriculture Survey, more than 50% of the farms occupied 7.3% of the land with farm sizes of less than 3 ha, while 46% of the farms had only 56% of the land with its farm sizes ranging from 3 to 50 ha. At the other end of the scale, 2% of farms had 50 ha or more with a total of almost

36.7% of the farmed land. With the non-renewal of sugar cane leases and more land taken out of agricultural production for tourism-related ventures, housing and industry, the situation is likely to change.

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26. According to the 1996 Population Census, 45,645 or 15.3% of the population were

involved in the agriculture and fisheries sector (Table 2.1.1a, Annex 2). This includes subsistence farmers as well as market orientated agriculture/fishing operations. Of this number, 12.4% were youths, 15 to 24 years of age. On gender distribution, female workers made up of 12% and 88% male workers of the agricultural sector (Table 2.1.1b & 2.1.1c, Annex 2).

27. McGregor and Gonemaituba (2002) stated that, at one level, Fiji has been well served by its smallholder farming systems. Around 40% of energy needs come from locally grown food (FAO 1999, p. 6). They further stated that food imports as a percentage of total imports have

remained remarkably constant over the last 20 years, averaging 15%, despite political crises. 28. The farming systems and crops grown have remained largely unchanged over the last two decades. Subsistence farming and its on-going transformation to semi-commercial farming

contribute greatly to national food security. 29. On fishing, except in certain areas like hotel resorts or where there is traditional fishing tabu for a period of time (normally placed when the high chief of the area dies), the rest of Fiji

waters can be used as fishing grounds. However, heads of clans have the traditional fishing rights over their areas. Therefore, their permission to fish in those areas are sought in traditional manner before fishing can take place.

30. As far as the agriculture in the economy, McGregor and Gonemaituba (2002) stated that the contribution of the agriculture sector to total GDP has declined from 19% in 1989 to 10% in 2001 and has been surpassed by tourism and textiles. However, ‘the foreign exchange earnings of the agricultural sector has remained fairly constant in real terms over recent decades and the

sector remains the main source of employment. Subsistence agriculture contributes 40% (similar to sugar) to total agricultural GDP’ (McGregor & Gonemaituba 2002).

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3. Overview of Information and Communication Management Issues: Capacity, Services and Needs

3.1 Information and communication management capacity

3.1.1 Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar and Land Resettlement (MASLR) 31. At the government level, the Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar and Land Resettlement (MASLR), and more specifically, its Information and Communication Section, is the main

source of agricultural information for the people. MASLR is responsible for the collection, collation, production and dissemination of agricultural information to farmers and rural dwellers. A similar operational unit is being set up by the Ministry of Fisheries and Forests.

32. Of the 20 staff of the MASLR Information and Communication Section, one (the head of the Section) has a Masters in Communication, two have a BA in Journalism, one a BAg, three a Diploma in Tropical Agriculture and one a Diploma in Business Studies. The others have Certificates in Graphic Design and other related fields, or have no qualifications at all. There is

no librarian (and no library). A constant refrain is for more, specialised training in information and communication management. 33. The total budget for the Section is F$36,367 which is to cover transport,

telecommunications, production costs (print, video etc), equipment purchases and repair, software and stationery. With such a low amount it is not surprising that the staff see their task as hopeless, so the principal constraint faced is lack of morale.

34. The agriculture central library, at one time well organised and managed, suffered for a number of years through constant change of staff – usually for less qualified and finally unqualified, untrained staff – and, in 2004, the shift of the entire library to the Fiji College of Agriculture (FCA), 20 km from Suva. In theory, the College library is to be managed by a fully

professional, qualified librarian but that has not been the case for at least 10 years. The College library is staffed by a Diploma-holder on her own; she also now has responsibility for the two small libraries at the adjacent main research station. Years of neglect, theft and damage have taken their toll on the library collections. With the support of SPC, there is a computerised

catalogue (using ProCite) of part of the collection, but it is not clear at this stage whether it is still being maintained. There are very few new books and no paid-for journal subscriptions.

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3.1.2 Ministry of Fisheries and Forests 35. The Ministry of Fisheries and Forests has at least four libraries, staffed by certificate or diploma-level librarians. The libraries are a fisheries library at the Fisheries Department in Lami; a silvicultural library at Colo-i-Suva, the main forest research station, a small library at

the Forestry Department headquarters in Suva, and a large collection of library materials at the Forest Utilisation Branch in Nasinu, just outside Suva. The fisheries library used to be computerised (using CDS/ISIS) but its current status is unknown; the headquarters forestry library uses DB/TextWorks as a member of the Pacific Environmental Information Network

managed by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP).

3.1.3 Information Technology and Computing Services (ITC)

36. ITC (Information Technology and Computing Services) is the official IT department for the Fiji Government as a whole. It was originally known as the Electronic Data Processing Unit (EDP) within the Ministry of Finance. The change of name came about with the expansion of its role in to the Fiji Government. ITC has connected most government ministries and departments

to the Internet through the government network, GovNet. About 3,000 (out of the 17,000) civil servants had been provided with Internet access by mid 2003.

3.1.4 Other institutions / organisations 37. Outside of MASLR and the Ministry of Fisheries and Forests, the only significant capacity for information and communication management resides with the main campus of the University of the South Pacific, with its 60+ staff, 23 of whom have degrees or higher

qualifications in librarianship, and the library of the Secretariat of the South Pacific’s Suva campus, which was established in 1988 as a regional agriculture library. Owing to the collection development policy of the SPC library, information resources about agriculture and forestry in the Pacific are collected, organised, documented (in ProCite) and made available to government

officers, NGOs, students and the general public. SPC also has an extensive agricultural and forestry publishing programme from its Suva campus, with fully qualified and trained staff. The SPC Regional Media Centre is based in Fiji and provides training and assistance in publications, video and television production, and web site design.

38. Among the many other organisations in Fiji, the regional NGOs (e.g. World Wide Fund for Nature, Foundation of the Peoples of the South Pacific, Partners in Community Development Fiji), UN agencies (e.g. United Nations Development Programme, United

Nations Women’s Programme), national organisations (e.g. Fiji Food and Nutrition Centre)

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resides some capacity for information and communication management. Few of them have

qualified and/or trained staff.

3.2 Agricultural information and services

39. Based on an analysis of the questionnaires and data collected, this section presents the available agricultural information and the means whereby people and institutions obtain information they need. It should be noted that there is not one major provider of agricultural information in Fiji, and the situation can best be described as chaotic.

3.2.1 Libraries and information centres 40. As indicated in the preceding section, 2.2, there are a number of libraries and information

centres that could be visited by an individual seeking information. Prominent among them is the former MASLR library in Suva, the SPC library and the library of the University of the South Pacific. The latter tends only to be used by tertiary students (there are access restrictions), and is not set up to provide a full agricultural information service. SPC and (in the past) the Ministry

encouraged visits. Nine of the 19 organisations represented in the list of key institutions (Annex 3.2) mentioned sourcing information from SPC and MASLR. IRETA was used by four organisations and USP by three. All other potential providers were mentioned once only, i.e. by one organisation (thus the use of the word ‘chaotic’ to describe the pattern of information

access). 41 Outside of the capital, access to information services deteriorates markedly. It has been a long-standing concern of the consultant that access to agricultural information in the rural areas,

where the farmers and fisher folk live and work, is next to non-existent. Their reliance is on the radio, their friends and relatives, and the occasional visit by an extension officer who may or may not have the information needed. As evidence, a study was undertaken in Fiji’s Northern Division (the islands of Vanua Levu and Taveuni) in 1996, among agricultural staff and clients

of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forests (Walton, Sila & Chinappa 1997). The study found that not only was there no information in a transferable form (i.e. extension publications, posters) for the farmers, but that the staff themselves did not receive publications and information from their own Ministry. The recommendation to establish a network of

agricultural information centres was not pursued by the Ministry. 42. Some of the publications of Information and Communication Section of MASLR include: Market Watch (produced fortnightly, covering overseas and local market reviews); technical

bulletins; farmers’ leaflets; News Today and Fiji Farmers magazine. The printed materials are

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also distributed to the public during events such as field days and agriculture shows. However,

distribution by agricultural officers outside of headquarters is limited.

3.2.2 The Internet

43. ITC is currently helping the MASLR Information and Communication Section assist the farmers with the use of mobile phones using SMS for market watch (commodity prices). Other areas planned for assistance are Internet libraries, telecentres and using Government offices (e-Government application). However, ITC has its own sets of problems. Firstly, the high

leased line cost. It is expected to have to pay Telecom Fiji the sum of F$9,000 per month. It has applied for a ISP license and still waiting for response. Secondly, it lacks qualified staff and this affects the service of GovNet, which is slow and inadequate. Due to these problems, government ministries have been asked to limit their usage to 2–4 hours per day, and to a certain

time of the day.

3.3.3 National media

44. There are three national English language daily newspapers in Fiji, two Fijian and Hindi weekly newspapers (Table 2.3.1a, Annex 2). Only The Fiji Times is distributed around the country. The circulation of the three daily newspapers, audited by the Australian Audit Bureau of Circulations, was 49,124 in 2001 or 6% of the population (Bula Internet, 2004). However,

given the national pastime of borrowing someone else’s paper, the readership is considerably larger than the figures suggest. Items of agricultural or rural interest are printed by all three newspapers, but there is no established ‘rural section’. MASLR, SPC and other organisations provide content.

45. The only popular magazine that includes rural items is the regional periodical, Islands Business, and its Fiji-only insert, Fiji Islands Business. SPC publish the biannual SPC Agricultural News which includes agriculture and forestry information; and the SPC Fisheries

Programme in Nouméa publish a fisheries newsletter. All SPC newsletters are distributed widely about the Pacific region but within Fiji are sent only to Government contacts, NGOs, tertiary education institutions, diplomatic and project contacts. IRETA’s South Pacific Agricultural News is distributed within Fiji, via the Agricultural Liaison Officer, but because of

shipping and distribution delays, it is often late. 46. There are five radio broadcasters including two religious ones in Fiji. Approximately 90% of households in Fiji have a radio (Bula Internet, 2004), and all Fiji residents can receive the

AM band broadcasts of Fiji Broadcasting Corporation. The other radio stations are on the FM

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band and thus are restricted to certain parts of the country only. Only FBPL broadcasts

agricultural and rural issues, at the rate of 15 minutes per day, five days a week, in Fijian and Hindi. Communications Fiji Ltd intends to allocate time for agricultural and rural issues in the new Hindi station. The plan is to have 10 minutes per day (five minutes in the morning and five minutes in the evening) for farmers and rural dwellers, to cover rural, agriculture, co-operative

and other social issues. 47. There are three television companies in Fiji: a private one which reaches approximately 85% of the country’s population; a community TV which reaches only about 4% of the country

(but includes the densely populated area of the Western Division), and a religious one. Forty six per cent of households in Fiji have a television set. The likelihood of finding agricultural information on TV is limited at present. The Film and Television Unit of the Ministry of Information and Media Relations produces the ‘Dateline’ programme, which Fiji TV airs on

Sunday afternoons. The programme normally highlights the various rural and agricultural projects around the country. Fiji TV also broadcasts a programme called ‘The Pacific Way’ which is produced by the SPC Regional Media Centre; occasionally this shows agricultural and rural projects around the Pacific region.

3.3 Needs analysis

3.3.1 Information needs 48. Specific information needs as identified by interview and/or completed questionnaires are as wide-ranging as the organisations themselves, reflecting specific concerns. Only three specific information needs are mentioned more than once: marketing and market access (four

requests); extension / communication methodologies and opportunities for women in agriculture (twice each). 49. Other mentions include: agriculture in Fiji and the region; farm budgeting and business

planning; research management; forest technology; quarantine; engineering; and sustainable agriculture. What was noticeable is the lack of requests for information on pests and diseases, which has been a staple request for many years. As likely as not this is attributable to better access to information and resources from SPC’s Plant Protection Service, particularly in Fiji.

50. Although nine organisations had said they acquire their information from among others MASLR, there were also indications that more was expected of the Ministry. This perception has been noted before (Walton, Sila & Chinappa 1997). During discussions with two

organisations, some light was thrown on this. South Sea Orchids and associations such as the

23

Suva Orchid & Horticultural Circle who were interviewed stated that they do not receive any

newsletters and other information from MASLR. According to them, the reasons are:

• Sending out information to the private sector is not the priority of the Information and Communication Section

• Whatever the Section is doing is not sufficient i.e. there is not enough coverage of the private sector

• The specific need of each business operation is not met by the Section e.g. in the case of South Sea Orchids, there is no horticultural leaflet on cut flowers like orchids

• The support given to the private sector is not consistent. 51. What this suggests is not necessarily a form of slackness by the Ministry, rather perhaps a different perception as to where their priorities lie. It has, as stated earlier, been a Ministry

concern in the past to support large-scale import substitution or export crops, and to an extent, subsistence farmers. It has not had a focus on helping small to medium scale enterprises develop. However, there is an indication the Ministry is expected to provide across the sector, and there is little sense that a partnership approach to information dissemination has evolved.

52. Aside from specific requests, there is the blanket request for any information, which is more a comment on the distribution of available information than an expressed information need. All of which suggests a problem with information and communication management

capacity among the leading information providers.

3.3.2 Capacity building needs

53. Expressed capacity needs – based on the interviews and completed questionnaires – include the following:

• Lack of or inappropriate level of funding – eight mentions • Lack of staff or lack of the right kind of staff (qualified, trained) – 8 mentions • Lack of suitable equipment e.g. photocopiers, computers – 7 mentions

• Lack of training – 7 mentions • Lack of information – 5 mentions (3 noted lack of information from MASLR in particular) 54. Other lacks included subscriptions to journals, access to the Internet, electronic resources, networks, and those organisations in the rural areas mentioned lack of phones and TVs.

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55. In discussion with staff in MASLR Information and Communication Section, one of the

problems noted was the lack of appreciation of the role of the Section by the senior management of the Ministry. In their account, this was reflected in the allocation of resources (manpower and budget) to the Section. The low priority of this Section by the Ministry results in low output and inefficient services to farmers and the business communities, which in turn

retards the adoption of new ideas and technologies and thus contributes to low production and low returns of farming activities. There is a great need to educate senior management of MASLR and other related ministries in the importance of information and communication management in terms of agricultural development in the country. In Fiji, this is critical given the

importance of the Ministry to meeting the agricultural information needs of the country. 56. Concern was also expressed about the capacity of the Government ITC Services to facilitate their joint activity with MASLR to provide necessary and important information for

farmers. And Government and the telecommunication companies should work together to improve infrastructure in the country to increase the network coverage and thus adoption of an ICT approach to information dissemination. Fiji, of all the independent nations in the Pacific, has the best, most stable telecommunication and power infrastructure.

57. Strategic policies to carry out information activities are lacking in Fiji.

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4. Conclusions and Recommendations

4.1 Conclusions

4.1.1 Information needs and information access 58. Fiji, like most of the Pacific, has an agricultural-based economy hence it is vital for farmers to have easy access to appropriate information. Farmers deserve to be well informed of what is happening elsewhere in the field of agriculture, particularly of crops that they are

planting themselves. Agricultural information, especially on new technologies and market information is very important to farmers and fisher folk alike. Rural dwellers need to be exposed to new ideas and information, which they can use to improve their living standards.

59. Though rates of literacy in Fiji are quite high, it is still predominantly an oral community. Information that is transmitted by mouth, by radio broadcast and video or TV will reach more people and have a more long-lasting impact than that which is printed. The whole country can receive radio broadcasts from Fiji Broadcasting Corporation. Whether 75 minutes per week,

shared by two language groups (Fijian and Hindi) is sufficient is debatable. If more resources were available, more farmers and fisher folk could be reached. Similarly, 46% of households in Fiji now have television sets. Even if they are unable to receive Fiji One – and the numbers able to is increasing – video presentations will have a beneficial impact as the audience will see and

hear explanations, and if the presentations are in vernacular the impact is much greater. This is understood, but the resources to enable this to happen are lacking among the information providers.

60. Using the Internet to extend access to information is not, at this stage, a viable suggestion in Fiji. It is clear from the data collected that access to the Internet is largely an urban thing. Even if the phone lines extended fully into the rural areas, the cost of purchasing the enabling equipment and buying access time is inhibiting. Fiji is not yet ready to evolve into an

information society. However, the plan by the Government to extend access to the Internet through libraries has the potential to be a catalyst in the use of ICTs in disseminating information in the country.

61. It is clear that the various ministries and other organisations have not conducted a proper information needs assessment among their clients. If they had, they would have appreciated exactly what information is needed. The example cited by South Sea Orchids and the Suva Orchid & Horticultural Circle is a case in point. Undertaking such a survey ought to be a

priority. It ought to be done by MASLR and the Ministry of Fisheries and Forests as a combined

26

effort with the major stakeholders, the NGOs, training organisations and the private sector.

Identifying needs does not imply that the Government ministries have to do something about it, but they may be in a position to help. 62. The lack of capacity within the major information provider in Fiji, MASLR, and the fact

that the new Ministry of Fisheries and Forests has not set up a comparable unit both contribute to limiting access to agricultural information in the country. Capacity issues thus inhibit potential.

4.1.2 Capacity building needs 63. As indicated in the preceding section, capacity issues are the single biggest contributor to restricting access to information. Capacity issues in the delivery of agricultural information to

the target groups (farmers, fisher folk and rural dwellers) include:

• Lack of resources –financial, manpower and physical resources (including equipment and tools)

• Lack of infrastructure – including electricity, telephone lines and network coverage • Inadequate media services e.g. in the broadcast media, only FBCL offers a total of 75

minutes per week. The rest plus Fiji Television Ltd are totally commercial and do not offer such services, unless as paid advertisements or news items. There is also limited space in

the daily newspapers

• The monopoly situation in telecommunication in Fiji

• Lack of materials from the source, mainly from the Ministry of Agriculture • Mode of dissemination is limited only to certain areas:

• newspapers – all are published only in Suva. Dailies are delivered only around the urban centres and certain shops on the highways in the two main islands

• magazines – targets only business and professional people. Circulation is limited to subscribers and bookshops in urban centres.

64. To this list ought to be added one of the prime causes of lack of resources, the lack of appreciation by decision makers as to the role and value of effective information management.

65. Considering CTA in the Pacific region, and more specifically, in Fiji, 53% of those contacted in this survey (government ministries/departments, NGOs, private companies, etc.) have not heard of CTA. This is a remarkable finding given the length of time CTA has been serving the region through its regional partner, IRETA, and with the deployment of ALOs in

countries of the Pacific. There is a great need for awareness activities to be conducted in Fiji on

27

CTA programmes and activities. Some have heard of IRETA but do not know the relationship

between IRETA and CTA. 66. CTA with all its assistance programmes on agricultural information can do a lot for Fiji. This study conducted in Fiji has shown that having a centralised regional office, CTA is not

achieving its targets in reaching out to its beneficiaries. Likewise, the Pacific island countries will not be able to fully utilise available CTA assistance, let alone being aware of CTA assistance.

67. Distance management problem can also arise in this case, as there is no direct supervision. ALOs have other responsibilities and in many cases are unable to resolve the conflicting demands on their time. It is also true that some ALOs lack initiative and need to be more proactive. Weak links between the regional office and ALOs is also reflected in the low volume

of CTA activities in each Pacific country. ALOs receive an allowance for completing specified CTA services such as writing articles and distributing the IRETA newsletters. This is not sustainable.

68. The Agricultural Liaison Officer (ALO) in Fiji and the role that individual plays needs reassessment. Two previous studies into the ALO network (Kern and Sisifa) both highlighted concerns about how the network was functioning, and the role of the ALO. From comments raised during interviews, and also because of requests yet again for training for the ALO, it is

relevant to this study. ALOs as a group have benefited from training opportunities on an annual (at least) basis since the inception of the ALO programme by IRETA in 1986. Thus to request more training for ALOs, and the Fiji one in particular, suggests that there is a significant flaw in the ALO network as a whole, which will not necessarily be fixed by training.

69. The overall situation in Fiji could be improved if there was greater awareness of information resources, and if there was some co-ordination of or co-operation in developing and distributing information resources. Prior to addressing the capacity building needs, there

needs to be a general understanding about the need to co-operate, the ministries with the private sector; the ministries with the training and educational sector, and the NGOs and associations. Development of a national information network would help.

4.1.3 Potential partners and beneficiaries 70. Based on the interviews and questionnaires, potential partner institutions and beneficiaries for CTA activities and services are the 19 listed in Annex 3.2, namely:

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• Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar & Land Resettlement, Information & Communication Section

• Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar & Land Resettlement, Research Division

• Ministry of Fisheries and Forests • Ministry of Education, Technical Vocational Education & Training • Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Plant Protection Service • Partners in Community Development Fiji

• Fiji Sugar Corporation Ltd, Sugar Cane Research Centre • Fiji Pine Ltd • Fiji Development Bank • AgChem Ltd

• Natures Way Co-operative (Fiji) Ltd • South Sea Orchids Ltd • Padaraths Poultry Enterprise Ltd • Suva Orchid & Horticulture Circle

• Mullau Mothers Club • Tokineke Youth Club • National Youth Training Centre • Fiji College of Agriculture

• Ministry of Women, Social Welfare & Poverty Alleviation

71. Given that this is a long list of institutions, CTA would be best advised to strengthen ties with existing partners, namely the Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar and Land Resettlement (Information Section) and South Sea Orchids Ltd. At the same time, an approach to the FSC Sugar Cane Research Centre, Ministry of Fisheries and Forests, Ministry of Education

Technical, Vocational Education and Training, and Fiji College of Agriculture would bring dividends quickly because of the number of individuals and families served by these institutions.

4.1.4 Baseline data 72. In carrying out this study in Fiji, the consultants have been able to discover data on 19 institutions in detail (presented in Annex 3.2) and have used these data in their overview of the

organisations in the agricultural sector, the resources available for information and communication management, and the broad scope of information and capacity-building needs. What will be required is for specific baseline data to be collected prior to any intervention by CTA. This should form part of the project or activity design so that monitoring and evaluation

can be implemented.

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4.2 Recommendations 73. Whereas the recommendations contained in this report are intended to help CTA better determine appropriate interventions and inputs, it is recognised that what helps the country as a

whole, from whatever source, is paramount. Nevertheless, the three operational programmes of CTA are formed on the ability to resolve problems or address opportunities and thus are useful pointers on the road to agricultural and rural development. Accordingly, recommendations will be presented using the programmes as headings.

4.2.1 Information Products and Services Under Information Products and Services, the key problems to be addressed are:

• limited availability of publications that support decision-making in the agricultural sector • shortage of relevant published information on agriculture and rural development, because

of weak local publishing structure

• limited access to locally and externally published information on agriculture and rural development, due to weak distribution infrastructure

• limited awareness of the existing local and external sources of information and the type of products and services available.

74. The key recommendations as they relate to communication information products and services are:

• Review the existing distribution methods for CTA and IRETA publications in Fiji, and make recommendations for a more inclusive and efficient system. This may have a bearing on the role of the ALO and ALO network.

• Review the availability of information resources in Fiji, both local as well as those accessed overseas, and carry out a fuller information needs assessment focusing on the needs of

people at the grassroots level – the farmers, fisher folk and rural dwellers. If as anticipated, this study evolves into a need to network better, that is included in 4.2.2.

• Review the form in which information is disseminated – language, medium – to determine a more appropriate method.

4.2.2 Communication Channels and Services Under Communication Channels and Services, the key problems to be addressed are:

30

• limited contacts among ACP stakeholders and between the latter and experts from other countries and regions

• weak networking services, such as newsletters, web sites, etc.

• limited first-hand experience of pertinent developments in other countries and regions • limited use of ICTs for networking and dialogue • failure to take full advantage of opportunities for using radio, TV and other non-print

media in communicating agricultural information and knowledge. 75. The key recommendation as it relates to communication channels and services is:

• Develop a national agricultural information network in Fiji. Training to manage and ICTs to facilitate such a network will be required.

4.2.3 ICM Skills and Systems Under ICM Skills and Systems, the key problems to be addressed are:

• lack of expertise in the area of information and communication management (ICM) skills • limited opportunities to acquire relevant information and communication technology (ICT)

skills

• weak ICM policies and strategies • limited knowledge of the design of cost-effective and participatory ICM systems • limited management techniques for the implementation of ICM projects and services. 76. The key recommendations as they relate to ICM skills and systems are:

• Implement a training programme for managers on the role and importance of effective information and communication management capacity on achieving sustainable outcomes. A successful training activity should lead to greater appreciation of ICM, the need for an ICM policy and increased resources.

• Develop an ICM policy and identify strategies for improving management and dissemination of appropriate agricultural information.

• Based on an ICM policy and strategy, determine resource needs, both physical and human. As likely as not this will lead to a better understanding of the calibre of staff required and

their training needs, both in the area of ICM and ICT.

• Carry out training identified.

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5. References

Fiji Bureau of Statistics 1998. 1996 Fiji Census of Population and Housing. General Tables. Suva, Fiji. (Parliamentary Paper No. 43 of 1998).

Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics 2004. Key statistics. Available at http://www.spc.int/prism/Country/FJ/stats, dated 11 Sep 2004; viewed 17 Oct 2004.

International Telecommunication Union 2004. Bula Internet: Fiji ICT Case Study. Draft. Suva,

Fiji.

McGregor, A & Gonemaituba, W. 2002. Fiji Agricultural Marketing: A Policy Framework. Suva, Fiji.

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forests, Economic Planning and Statistics Division, Agriculture Statistics Unit 2000. Fiji National Agricultural Survey – 1999. Suva, Fiji.

Ministry of Education 2003. Annual Report 2002. Suva, Fiji.

Ministry of Fisheries and Forests 2003. Strategic Development Plan 2004–2006. Vol. 1: Annual Corporate Plan 2004, Phase II. Suva, Fiji.

South Pacific Forum Secretariat 2001. Foreign Investment Climate in Forum Island Countries. Suva, Fiji.

Tavaiqia, M. 2002. Sub-Sectoral Potential Survey in Selected ACP Pacific Countries: A Report

Prepared for the Center of Development Enterprise (CDE). Lautoka, Fiji.

Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation 2001. Strategic Plan and Framework for Action 2001–2005. Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation 2003a. Annual Report 2002.

Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation 2003b. CTA Draft Programme of

Activities 2004. Wageningen, The Netherlands.

United Nations Development Programme 1999. Pacific Human Development Report 1999:

Creating Opportunities. UNDP, Suva, Fiji.

Vigelandzoon J. 2002. Analysis of CTA’s Activities According to Priority Themes 1996–2000/2001. Draft Version. Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Walton, P.; Sila, S. & Chinappa, N. 1997. Agricultural information in the Northern Division:

survey results and project proposal. Suva, Fiji. PRAP Working Paper 97-4.

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6 List of organisations visited Government Ministries and Departments

Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar and Land Resettlement Information & Communication Section

Research Division Fiji College of Agriculture

Ministry of Fisheries & Forests Ministry of Education

Technical Vocational Education & Training National Youth Training Centre

Ministry of Women, Social Welfare & Poverty Alleviation Ministry of Information, Communication & Media Relations

Ministry of Finance & National Planning, Information Technology & Computing Services

Non-Government Organisations

Partners in Community Development Fiji Private Companies

South Seas Orchids Ltd

Agchem Ltd Padaraths Poultry Enterprise Ltd

Statutory Bodies

Fiji Sugar Corporation Ltd, Sugar Cane Research Centre Fiji Pine Ltd

Regional Organisations

Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Plant Protection Service Banking Institutions

Fiji Development Bank

Women’s Associations

Mullau Mothers Club Suva Orchid & Horticulture Circle

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Youth Clubs

Tokineke Youth Club Farmers’ Associations

Natures Way Co-operative (Fiji) Ltd

The Media

Fiji Times Ltd Sun (Fiji) News Ltd

Island Business International Fiji Broadcasting Corporation Ltd Communications Fiji Ltd ZFM Classic

Fiji Television Ltd Community Television

Telecommunications Vodafone Fiji Ltd

Telecom Fiji Ltd Internet Service (Fiji) Ltd (trading as Connect)

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Annex 1. Terms of Reference

TERMS OF REFERENCE

ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION NEEDS IN AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN & PACIFIC (ACP) STATES

Phase 1: Pacific (Fiji) 1. Introduction The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) was established in 1983 under the Lomé

Convention between the ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific) Group of States and the European Union

Member States. Since 2000, it has operated within the framework of the ACP-EC Cotonou Agreement.

CTA’s tasks are to develop and provide services that improve access to information for agricultural and rural

development, and to strengthen the capacity of ACP countries to produce, acquire, exchange and utilise

information in this area. CTA’s programmes are organised around three principal activities: providing an

increasing range and quantity of information products and services and enhancing awareness of relevant

information sources; supporting the integrated use of appropriate communication channels and intensifying

contacts and information exchange (particularly intra-ACP); and developing ACP capacity to generate and

manage agricultural information and to formulate information and communication management (ICM)

strategies, including those relevant to science and technology. These activities take account of

methodological developments in cross-cutting issues (gender, youth, information & communication

technologies – ICTs, and social capital), findings from impact assessments and evaluations of ongoing

programmes as well as priority information themes for ACP agriculture1.

In January 2002, CTA’s Strategic Plan (2001-2005) was implemented and CTA’s activities were distributed

among three operational programme areas / departments:

Information Products and Services

Communication Channels and Services

Information and Communication Management Skills and Systems

1 Priority information themes for ACP agriculture have formed the basis of various several studies,

workshops and seminars bringing together various stakeholders, organisations and institutions active in the

field of agriculture and rural development. The documents (or extracts thereof) will be provided to the

consultants.

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These operational departments are supported by Planning Corporate Services (P&CS) which is

charged with the methodological underpinning of their work and monitoring the ACP

environment in order to identify emerging issues and trends and make proposals for their

translation into programmes and activities. This current exercise, therefore, falls within the

mandate of P&CS.

2. Main issues

CTA works primarily through intermediary organisations and partners (non-governmental

organisations, farmers’ organisations, regional organisations, …) to promote agriculture and rural

development. Through partnerships, CTA hopes to increase the number of ACP organisations

capable of generating and managing information and developing their own information and

communication management strategies. The identification of appropriate partners is therefore of

primordial importance.

The “Evaluation of the Implementation of the Mid-Term Plan (1997 – 2000)” emphasised the

need for CTA to develop a more pro-active approach and elaborate criteria for decision-making

with regard to the choice of partner organisations and beneficiaries. Based on this evaluation, the

“Strategic Plan and Framework for Action – 2001 – 2005” identifies strategic issues for CTA being:

improved targeting (including partnerships and beneficiaries), geographical coverage,

decentralisation, regionalisation and thematic orientation. The Plan also expresses concern about:

the extent to which CTA’s activities are relevant to and reach the poor, gender awareness and how

to identify potential partners especially in the independent sectors.

Besides partner identification and selection issues, the observation has also been made that,

traditionally, the Pacific and Caribbean regions have not received sufficient attention in CTA’s

programme and activities. This is, for example, highlighted in the statistics on the number of

individuals and organisations which receiving CTA publications or participating in workshops and

training courses. Furthermore, the admission of 6 new Pacific member states under the Cotonou

Agreement means not much known about them, hence the need to develop CTA intervention

strategy and provide more targeted assistance.

Finally, various national and regional partners with whom CTA has had a long-standing relationship

have requested the current study in order to provide more targeted assistance to their beneficiaries.

3. Objectives and scope of the study

The objectives of the study are as follows:

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to identify agricultural information needs of key actors / beneficiaries for CTA products

and services;

to identify needs of potential actors / beneficiaries of CTA activities and services in terms

of building capacity for information and communication management;

to identify potential partners / beneficiaries for CTA activities and services;

to develop some baseline data to facilitate subsequent monitoring activities.

The study should assist the three operational departments of the CTA as well as its local

representatives to improve and better target interventions and activities aimed at potential partners

and beneficiaries (including women, youth, private sector and civil society organisations); to have a

more informed picture of their needs and aid in the elaboration of a strategy and framework of

action. The study should also highlight where there are specific needs for CTA’s products and

services thereby enabling improvement in the delivery of the same.

4. Methodology

The consultant will use a combination of qualitative and quantitative rapid appraisal methods

including:

the desk review of available literature and information sources including the findings of

programme evaluations;

the conduct of face-to-face interviews with relevant stakeholders / concerned parties;

the limited use of questionnaires.

The rapid appraisal approach will allow a general overview of the key issues and company /

organisational profiles on a per country2 basis and may give rise to more in-depth studies as and

when needed in the future.

5. Expected outcomes / output

One main report per country not exceeding 20 pages according to the following table of contents:

Main report

1. Executive summary

2. Introduction

3. Country profile – summary structure and economic characteristics with particular attention

to

agricultural sector (includes fisheries and forestry): 2 Out of 30 countries comprising the Caribbean and Pacific regions, only selected number will initially be the

subjects of studies, with domestic consultants conducting country-specific assessments. Country selection

will be done by CTA on the basis of specific criteria.

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Summary of how agriculture, fisheries and forestry is organised in the country

Summary of the information and communication management capacity

The current source of agricultural information and services (synthesise Annex 3)

4. Needs analysis

Information needs

Capacity building needs (skills, training, media, ICT, equipment)

5. Conclusions and recommendations

6. References

Annexes

1. Terms of reference

2. Country profile

2.1 General agricultural profile (from available documentation)

Size of agricultural population (male / female / youth)

Farmed land, forests, fishing areas

Agricultural systems

Agriculture in the economy (percentage GDP)

Main agricultural produce and secondary products

Main export markets

Trade agreements that include agriculture

Sectoral policy related to agriculture, fisheries and forests

2.2 Socio-economic profile (from available documentation)

Total active population, demographic breakdown

Literacy level and languages

Access to services (health, schools, electricity)

Rural urban drift

2.3 Media and telecommunications (update / check)

Newspapers, periodicals, magazines, radio stations, television channels,

Telecommunication services (fixed, mobile, etc.)

Computers and Internet access

3. Profile of institutions

List of all institutions involved in agriculture and rural development activities, including private sector and civil society organisations, with name, contact details, type

and role of institution

Select list of key institutions involved in agriculture and rural development, with

extensive data and information on the institution, the problems faced and why it is

considered a key actor

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It is also expected that the results of this study will lead to identification / update of some priority

agricultural information themes which will feed into a possible priority-setting exercise in the

Pacific in 2004.

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6. Reporting

The country reports will not exceed 20 pages (excluding annexes). The annexes should include a list

of acronyms, of persons/institutions interviewed with addresses, phone, fax numbers, e-mail

addresses (if any) as well as bibliography.

7. Timing

Draft final report is to be submitted within two months after contract signature by CTA

Final report due two weeks after receipt of comments from CTA.

8. Expertise needed

The overall coordination will be carried out by Ms Christine Webster, Deputy Head, Planning and

Corporate Services CTA, assisted by Mrs Lola Visser-Mabogunje, Project Assistant.

Mr. Peter Walton will ensure the regional coordination and lead a team of local consultants to be

identified per country3:

Local Consultant Country Mr. Nga Mataio Cook Islands Ms. Makelesi Tavaiqia Fiji Mr. James T. Movick Federated States of Micronesia Dr. Mareko Tofinga Samoa Mr. Pita Taufatofua Tonga To be identified Vanuatu To be identified Papua New Guinea

The expert should have a university degree or equivalent by experience. In addition, he/she should

have at least 10 years experience in field of agriculture, rural development or social / economic

sciences. He/she must have in-depth knowledge of the agricultural sector in his/her country and

be able to identify key players and institutions / organisations active in this area. The ability to

communicate and write clearly in English is essential, while knowledge of at least one of the local

languages for communication / interview purposes is an added advantage.

9. Implementation schedule (CTA)

Preparation/Finalisation of ToR; Identification/ short-listing of (potential) consultants;

Call for offers (15 September – 10 November)

Selection of consultants: (11 – 15 November)

Contractual arrangements/ briefing (16 November – 10 December)

Start date of contract: 11 December 2003

Implementation period 11 December 2003 – 9 April 2004

3 Final list of countries to be confirmed by 31/01/04.

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End date of contract: 10 April 2004

10. Key documents to be made available to consultants

Documents include:

Cotonou Framework Agreement

Excerpts of relevant sections of CTA’s Strategic Plan and Plan of Action (2001-2005)

Annual Reports

Documents on priority information themes identified for the Caribbean & Pacific region

Documents on products & services provided by CTA

11. Role of Regional Coordinator

Attend briefing meeting at CTA

Review the terms of reference

Finalise questionnaires and methodological approach after due consultation with CTA

Team

Draw up briefing notes and guidelines for local consultants to ensure accurate and

consistent application of the agreed methodology in data collection

Responsibility for the implementation of the study and interpretation of technical queries

to local consultants

During the study, monitor and provide technical assistance to the local consultants

Review preliminary country reports and findings and send comments back to local

consultants

Coordinate and ensure consistency of country reports

In conjunction with the CTA Team, prepare the overall report taking into account the

findings and recommendations of all the Pacific country reports (table of contents to be

agreed by 31/01/04).

12. Role of Local Consultants

Familiarise themselves with background documents received from CTA; including the

Terms of Reference

Conduct interviews and gather in countries specified in the contract

Undertake field visits in countries specified in the contract

Draft initial country reports and send to Regional Coordinator for initial comments

Based on comments received from Coordinator, revise country reports and send draft

report to CTA

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Finalise country reports based on comments and observations received from CTA and

send back to CTA

13. Role of CTA (Overall coordination CWE, assisted by TVI)

Establish contacts with the Regional Coordinator and the ACP Local Consultants

Draw up Terms of Reference and other relevant documents

Invite the Regional Coordinator for Briefing Meeting

In consultation with the Regional Coordinator, draft questionnaires

Provide relevant background documents to the Team

Draft budget and discuss contractual obligations with the Team

Overall responsibility for the supervision and implementation of the studies

Appoint the Regional Coordinator and the ACP Local Consultants

Bear the agreed costs of expenditure in respect of the evaluation (economy class tickets

for approved visits to CTA’s Headquarters, hotel accommodation and subsistence

allowances during briefing meeting, or during agreed and specified field visits)

In conjunction with the Regional Coordinator, prepare the overall report taking into

account the findings and recommendations of all the Pacific country reports (table of

contents to be agreed by 31/01/04).

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Annex 2. Country profile – Fiji Islands 2.1 General agricultural profile

2.1.1 Size of agricultural population

Table 2.1.1a Economically active population, 15 years and over, by occupation and age, in Fiji in 1996.

Major, Sub Major & Minor Occupation Groups

Total 15 to 19 yrs

20 to 29 yrs

30 to 39 yrs

40 to 49 yrs

50 to 59 yrs

60 and over

Agriculture & Fisheries 45,645 2,137 8,294 12,124 10,212 7,915 4,963Market gardeners, farmers 38,438 1,714 6,654 9,913 8,638 6,952 4,567 Market animal producers 537 28 108 113 125 108 55 Market crop & animal producers

164 13 29 47 35 24 16

Gatherers of wild food 55 1 8 17 8 16 5 Forestry & related workers 378 26 119 132 64 30 7 Aquatic cultivation 4,634 270 1,052 1,448 1,032 606 226 Subsistence farmers 1,439 85 324 454 310 179 87

Source: 1996 Fiji Census of Population and Housing, General Tables. Bureau of Statistics, Suva, Fiji, p. 155.

Table 2.1.1b Economically active male population, 15 years and over by occupation and age, in Fiji in 1996

Major, Sub Major & Minor Occupation Groups

Total 15 to 19 yrs

20 to 29 yrs

30 to 39 yrs

40 to 49 yrs

50 to 59 yrs

60 and over

Agriculture & Fisheries 40,231 1,932 7,487 10,761 8,938 6,818 4,297 Market gardeners, farmers 34,770 1,592 6,167 9,045 7,771 6,171 4,024 Market animal producers 500 24 103 108 111 103 51 Market crop & animal producers

115 12 20 32 20 18 13

Gatherers of wild food 34 – 5 11 7 9 2 Forestry & related workers 370 25 119 128 63 28 7 Aquatic cultivation 3,358 207 816 1,087 731 376 141 Subsistence farmers 1,084 72 255 350 235 113 59

Source: 1996 Fiji Census of Population and Housing, General Tables. Bureau of Statistics, Suva, Fiji, p. 161.

Table 2.1.1c Economically active female population 15 years and over by occupation and age, in Fiji in 1996

Major, Sub Major & Minor Occupation Groups

Total 15 to 19 yrs

20 to 29 yrs

30 to 39 yrs

40 to 49 yrs

50 to 59 yrs

60 and over

Agriculture & Fisheries 5,414 205 809 1,363 1,274 1,097 666 Market gardeners, farmers 3,668 122 487 868 867 781 543 Market animal producers 37 4 5 5 14 5 4Market crop & animal 49 1 9 15 93 6 3

43

producers Gatherers of wild food 21 1 3 6 1 7 3 Forestry & related workers 8 1 – 4 1 2 – Aquatic cultivation 1,276 63 236 361 301 230 85 Subsistence farmers 355 13 69 104 75 66 28

Source: 1996 Fiji Census of Population and Housing, General Tables. Bureau of Statistics, Suva, Fiji, p. 158.

44

2.1.2 Farmed land, forests, fishing areas

Table 2.1.2 Number of farms and total land under farms in Fiji in 1968, 1978 and 1991 Agricultural Census and 1999 Agricultural Survey

Census C Survey S

Number of farms Total land under farm (ha)

Average size per farm (ha)

1999 S 101,081 658,404 6.5 1991 C 95,400 591,407 6.2 1978 C 66,600 319,800 4.8 1968 C 33,500 242,500 7.2

Source: Fiji National Agricultural Survey – 1999, MASLR Economic Planning & Statistics Division, Suva, Fiji, 2000,

p. 21.

2.1.3 Agricultural systems Included in the body of the report.

2.1.4 Agriculture in the economy

Table 2.1.4b GDP by activity at current prices, 1998 & 2002 (F$000) Industry 1998 2002 Difference % Agriculture, fish, forestry* – agriculture** – fishing – forestry

473 353 76 44

547 403 106 37

+15.6

Mining 31 32 +3.2 Manufacturing 422 494 +17.1 Utilities 89 99 +11.2 Construction 143 160 +11.9 Wholesale & hospitality 477 581 +21.8 Transport 383 518 +35.2 Financial services 361 437 +21.1 Community services 549 687 +25.1 Total 2,793 3,443 +23.3

Source: Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics, Key Statistics, June 2004.

* Includes the contribution of the subsistence sector, F$135 million in 1998, and F$145 million in 2002.

** Includes sugar which contributed F$99 million in 1998 and F$148 million in 2002.

2.1.5 Main agricultural produce and secondary products

The main agricultural produce and secondary products that are exported include:

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Sugarcane – raw sugar

Coconut – copra, coconut oil, copra meal, virgin oil (DME – Direct Micro Expeller), coconut logs and coconut furniture Root crops: – Taro – fresh and frozen tubers

– Cassava – fresh and frozen tubers – Kava (Piper methysticum) – pounded root i.e. powder – Ginger – fresh and processed immature ginger Tropical fruits e.g. pawpaws, pineapples and mangoes – fresh and processed

Fish – fresh and frozen fish, canned fish Forest trees – wood chips, sawn timber and furniture.

In 1999, total exports amounted to F$1.2 billion; in 2003, total exports amounted to F$1.3

billion (FIBS 2004).

Table 2.1.5 Selected Fiji exports in 1999 and 2003 by SITC Commodity 1999 (F$ mill) % total

exports 2003 (F$ mill) % total

exports Food – sugar – fish – fruit & vegetables

339 263 58 12

28.3 21.9 4.8 1.0

397 231 85 27

30.5 17.8 6.5 2.1

Copra/coconut oil 13 1.1 4 0.3 Wood/wood products 36 3.0 33 2.5 Mineral water 6 0.5 46 3.5 Textiles & garments 384 32.0 308 23.7 Gold 76 6.3 77 5.9

Source: Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics, Key Statistics, June 2004.

Percentages in bold type indicate commodities that have increased their share of the export market.

2.1.6 Main export markets

Agricultural commodities are exported mainly to Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada, Japan and the European Union (sugar).

Table 2.1.6 Trade (imports and exports), 1999 & 2003 (F$) 1999 2003 Growth rate Imports 1.8 bill. 2.2 bill. +22.2% Exports 1.2 bill. 1.3 bill +8.3% Ratio 3:2 3.4: 2

Source: Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics, Key Statistics, June 2004.

46

2.1.7 Trade agreements that include agriculture Some trade agreements that Fiji has which includes agriculture are:

• Cotonou Agreement • Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) under WTO • PICTA – Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement

• PACER – Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations • SPARTECA – South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement • SPS – Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures under WTO.

2.1.8 Sectoral policy related to agriculture, fisheries and forests

Included in the body of the report.

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2.2 Socio-economic profile

2.2.1 Demographics

Table 2.2.1 Population indicators for Fiji Population indicators Number % Total est. population (as at 31/12/02) – Fijian – Fiji Indian – Other races

826,281 441,092 327,667 57,522

53.3 39.7 7.0

1996 Census – Population density – Urban dwellers – Rural dwellers

42 per km2

359,495 415,582

46.4 53.6

Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics 2004.

Age group 0–14, 32.3%; 15–24, 19.8%; 25–39, 22.7%; 40+, 3.0% (FIBS 2003) Male/Female: 50.9% males / 49.1% females (FIBS 2003)

2.2.2 Literacy level and languages The official language in Fiji is English, which is used in government, businesses and schools.

All ethnic communities except for the part-Europeans have their own languages. Most of the population is bilingual, i.e. English and Fijian or English and Hindi. There is a common Fijian language and several dialects. The hybrid Hindustani Fijian language is spoken by the Fiji Indian community (Bula Internet, 2004).

Languages Fijian (Melanesian-Polynesian) Fiji Indian (a version of Hindustani)

English Chinese Rotuman (Polynesian) Banaban (Micronesian)

Literacy rates 1970, 73.2% (males 80.0%, females 66.3%) (Unesco 2002) 2000, 92.9% (males 94.9%, females 90.8%)

48

2.2.3 Access to services In the last decade, the Fiji Government has focused on increasing accessibility to quality education for all. Emphasis has been on the rural and urban disadvantaged. Measures taken include provision of qualified teachers, provision of grants to subsidise the cost of education to

the community and the upgrading of facilities. There is a remission of fees for those students who are qualified in forms 5 and 6 and special provision for form 7 (the final year) scholarships. Teacher–pupil ratios have improved slightly in the last decade from 1:31 in 1992 to 1:27 in 2002 for primary education, and 1:20 in 1992 to 1:17 in 2002 for secondary education (Ministry

of Education 2003). Greater numbers of children have more access to pre-school education and almost universal access to primary and secondary education. Strangely, only 19 out of 899 (2%) of primary and secondary schools in Fiji are

Government-run. Even though the rest are owned and operated by religious and community-based organisations, the Government establishes curriculum and examination requirements and pays most teachers. In 2002, 212,693 students (26% of the population) attended pre-primary, primary and secondary schools in Fiji. According to UNDP (1999), Fiji

spent 19.0% of its total public expenditure in 1994 on education, and in the same year education was 6.1% of GDP. In the 1996 Census in Fiji, 96,756 households (66.9%) had electricity at the time census was

taken. The Fiji Electricity Authority (FEA) is the major supplier of electricity to the main island of Viti Levu, from a hydroelectric dam in the middle of the island. FEA buys baggase (sugar cane waste) from Fiji Sugar Corporation to supply power to some parts of the second biggest island, Vanua Levu. The rest of the country including outer islands use diesel generators. The

Rural Electrification Department has been experimenting with alternative renewable energy sources from wind and solar, particularly for the rural areas. There are also a few mini (micro-hydro) generators in some rural areas of the country. The power supply is generally stable.

All urban centres have Government-run hospitals as well as private doctors’ surgeries. There is only one private hospital, which is located in the capital, Suva. A number of outer islands also have Government-run hospitals. The rest and so as most rural areas have medical centres.

Hence, majority of the population in Fiji have access to health service. In 1997, Fiji spent 7.7% of its total government spending on health. The per capita health expenditure was US$54.70 and 3.0% of GNP in 1997 (UNDP 1999).

49

2.2.4 Rural–urban drift The majority of young people are drifting to urban areas in search for employment. Fiji has a high unemployment rate (approx. 7%) and this is creating a lot of social problems in the country. Specific Government programmes are geared towards rural-based projects so as to keep young

people in the rural areas, and decrease social problems in the urban centres.

Annex 2.3 Media and telecommunications

2.3.1 Newspapers, periodicals and broadcast media

Table 2.3.1a – Newspapers and periodicals published in Fiji

Publication Owner-ship

Freq. Circulation figures

Extent & frequency of agricultural & rural issues

Distribution

The Fiji Times & The Sunday Times Fiji Times Ltd www.fijitimes.com.fj

Private – overseas

Daily Mon – Fri: 25,000 Sat: 40,000 Sun: 22,000

Weekly Contracts with agents around the country, distributed by road and air

Fiji Sun Fiji Sun Ltd www.sun.com.fj

Private – local

Daily 10,000 (est. 50,000 – readership)

Weekly in English from Ministry of Agriculture & also whenever receive from other sources

Main urban centres

The Daily Post Daily Post

Govt Daily

Islands Business and Fiji Islands Business Islands Business International www.pacificislands.cc

Private – local

Monthly & Quarterly

Fiji Islands Business: 15,000 Islands Business (regional): 20,000

Agriculture-business focused. Print when receive

Local bookshops around the country; by subscription and via website

The Fiji Broadcasting Corporation Ltd (FBCL), formerly known as the Fiji Broadcasting Commission, was the first radio station company to set up in the country, in 1935. It now operates six stations, two each in Fijian, Hindi and English. FBCL’s Radio Fiji 1 and 2 are the

only stations that reach all islands in the group while the rest of the radio broadcasters on the FM band and are restricted to certain parts of the country only. Currently, the stations of Communications Fiji Ltd reach approximately 60% of the country,

particularly FM 96 and Viti FM stations. The Hindi station, Navtarang reaches about 70% of the Fiji Indian population, while the new one is designed to cover the whole Fiji Indian population.

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Z FM Classic radio station does not cover agricultural and rural issues, unless as paid

advertisements. It covers approximately 60% of the country. Television broadcasting in Fiji started in October 1991. Fiji TV, which was established in 1994, now offers a free-to-air channel and three terrestrial-based pay television channels, known as

Sky TV. Broadcasts are in English, Fijian and Hindi.

Table 2.3.1b Radio and television broadcasters in Fiji

Broadcaster Ownership Broadcast Hours

Extent & frequency of agricultural & rural issues

Reach of broadcast

Radio Fiji 1 Radio Fiji 2 Bula Network – 100FM (Eng) – 102FM (Fijian) – 98FM (Hindi) – 2Day Fiji Broadcasting Corporation Ltd www.radiofiji.org

Government-owned corporation

24 hours 15 minutes/day, 5 days/week

Throughout the country

FM 96 (English) Viti FM (Fijian) Legend FM Navtarang (Hindi) Communications Fiji Ltd www.fijivillage.com

Private – local

24 hours None Approx. 75% of the country

Z FM Classic Private 24 hours None Approx. 60% of the countryFiji One Fiji Television Ltd www.fiji-tv.com

Private 3.30 pm – 10.30 pm

None, only in news items & Dateline & Pacific Wave Programs on Sunday afternoons.

Approx. 85% of the country

Community TV www.openchannel.com/fj

Charitable trust

3.00 pm – 9.30 pm

Only when receive & normally repeated

Approx. 4% of the country

In addition to the above, there are also two religious radio stations: FM 97 and Radio Light FM 106 and 93.6.

2.3.2 Telecommunication services There is a monopoly on telecommunications in Fiji through the partly Government-owned Amalgamated Telecommunication Holdings (ATH). ATH comprises three companies: Telecom

Fiji Ltd, which provides fixed domestic and (in partnership with Fintel, a joint venture between the Government and Cable & Wireless) international connectivity; Vodafone Fiji, which

51

provides mobile phone connectivity; and Internet Services (Fiji) Ltd, for Internet access. Fiji

enjoys international telecommunication connectivity through Intelsat and the Southern Cross undersea fiber optic cable. In 2002, 35.5% of the population had a fixed telephone line. Local telephone calls in Fiji are

among the lowest cost in the world, just 12 cents Fijian (or €0.06) per local call of unlimited duration. However, it is the lack of infrastructure rather than affordability that limits the number of telephone subscribers in the country, especially in the rural areas. Long distance and international calls are considerably more expensive than neighbouring countries such as

Australia and New Zealand. Mobile phones are more expensive than fixed phones. Currently, 70% of the country is accessible with mobile phones and Fiji is almost unique in that there are more mobile phone

numbers in use than fixed phone numbers. Extending the network further is constrained by the high cost of leasing land for base stations.

Table 2.3.2 Telecommunication ownership and costs in Fiji

Company Ownership Cost of 3-minute local call

Number of subscribers

Coverage

Telecom Fiji Ltd Private (100% ATH)

F$0.12 per dial (local call only)

Approx. 93,749 75–80% of urban and rural areas

Vodafone Fiji Ltd Private (51% ATH and 49% Vodafone International

Pre-pay = F$1.98/min

Pre-pay: 108,072 Fixed: 9,212

Approx. 70% of the country

2.3.3 Computers and the Internet Internet Service (Fiji) Ltd. which trades in Fiji as Connect is the only local Internet Service Provider (ISP) which, unfortunately for the consumers and the people of Fiji, is protected by the 25 years exclusive rights given in 1989 to its parent company, ATH. There are approximately

8,400 customers paying an average of F$28.00 for 10 hours dial-up. The majority of Internet subscribers use dial-up system. There are no official statistics on the number of computers or Internet users in Fiji however,

Connect estimates 50,000 users of Internet in the country. The current average price for a PC is about F$1,000 (US$475) which is expensive for most people. Barriers to Internet penetration include: lack of infrastructure (power, computers and telephone lines). The average Fijian still finds Internet access expensive.

52

There are some 50 privately operated Internet cafés in the country, all in urban centres primarily

catering for tourists. For the many Fiji nationals with no Internet connections at their homes, they also use Internet cafés. Internet charges are higher in Fiji than in neigbouring countries such as Australia and New Zealand.

There has not been a special survey on the extent of ICT usage in the business sector. Larger businesses are the biggest users of computer technology in the country; on the other hand, the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are less intensive users and face difficulties adopting ICT.

Only about 30 secondary schools have a well-equipped computer lab with access to the Internet. Fifty per cent of all secondary schools (about 50 in number) offer ICT courses to students in the Technical Vocational Education Programme. A barrier for Internet in schools is that there is no

reduced Internet access fee for schools. And also there is lack of electricity in some rural schools, mainly primary schools. Since the Internet cannot be connected in all schools, the Fiji Government has mandated ITC to connect all public libraries to make them accessible to schoolchildren.

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Annex 3. Profile of institutions There are two parts to Annex 3:

• List of all institutions involved in agriculture and rural development activities, including private sector and civil society organisations, with name, contact details, type and role of institution

• Select list of key institutions involved in agriculture and rural development, with extensive data and information on the institution, the problems faced and why it is considered a key

actor

3.1 List of all institutions

The following abbreviations are used:

Type AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-operatives) AS-W Women’s association

AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group

EDU Educational institution GOV Government institution NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company

REG Regional organisation, project or network STA Statutory body

Role EX Extension and outreach

IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Corporate – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce)

PS-M Corporate – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Corporate – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Corporate – supplier (e.g. ag chemicals, equipment, seeds) RD Research and development

RG Regulation (compliance, standards)

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TR Training (at secondary, tertiary and vocational level)

TM Trade and marketing (include market development)

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Table A3.1 List of institutions in the agricultural sector in Fiji

Name and contacts Type Role Agchem Ltd Lot 5, Wailada Industrial Estate, Lami, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 336 1499, Fax: (679) 336 1307, Email: agchem@connect.com.fj

PRV PS-S

Atys Fiji Nayawa Road, Sigatoka, Fiji Tel: (679) 650 0162, Fax: (679) 652 0009, Email: g.fung@atys

PRV PS-E

Tokineke Youth Club, PO Box 257, Rakiraki, Fiji

AS-Y PS

Bioteknologi (Fiji) Ltd Nukuwatu Street, Lami, Fiji Tel: (679) 336-3255, Fax: (679) 336-3256

PRV PS-M

Coconut Industry Development Authority 1st. Floor, Gunu House, 25 Gladstone Road, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 330-0503, Fax: (679) 331-1377

STA RG

Fiji Adventist Farmers Co-operative Society Ltd Kings Road, Tailevu, Fiji Tel: (679) 343 0001

AS-F EX

Fiji Cane Growers’ Association 2 Jaduram Street, Labasa, Fiji Tel: (679) 881 1698

AS-F EX

Fiji Chamber of Commerce & Industry 37 Viria Road, Vatuwaqa, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 338 0975, Fax: (679) 338 0854, Email: fcci@connect.com.fj

CCI TM

The Fiji Coffee Co. PO Box 3256, Lot 25 Wailada Estate, Lami, Fiji Tel: (679) 336 1171, Fax: (679) 336 1137, Email: lawhill@connect.com.fj

PRV PS-P

Fiji College of Agriculture (FCA) Koronivia, Nausori, Fiji Tel: (679) 347 9200, Fax: (679) 340 0275

EDU TR

Fiji Development Bank 360 Victoria Parade, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 331 4866, Fax: (679) 331 4886, Email: fdb@connect.com.fj

BNK FS

Fiji Ecotourism Association Victoria Parade, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 330 7677, Fax: (679) 330 7140

AS-F EX

Fiji Fish Marketing Group Ltd P.O.Box 14720, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 336 1077, Fax: (679) 336 2031, Email: info@fijifish.com.fj

AS-F TM

Fiji Forest Industries Ltd, PO Box 69, Malau, Labasa, Fiji. Tel: (679) 881 1088, Fax: (679) 881 3088

AS-F PS-M

Fiji Hardwood Corporation Ltd 25 Gladstone Road, Private Mail Bag, Suva Tel: (679) 330 7663, Fax: (679) 330 7660, Web site: hardwood.com.fj

GOV PS-P

Fiji Institute of Advanced Education (FCAE), Nasinu, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 339 3683, Fax: 334 0210

EDU TR

Fiji Institute of Technology (FIT) P.O.Box 3722, Samabula, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 338 1044, Fax: 337 0375

EDU TR

Fiji Meat Industry Board Suva Abattoir, PO Box 8070, Nakasi, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 341 0022, Fax: (679) 341 0024, Email: filipep@connect.com.fj

STA RG

Fiji Meats Ltd P. O .Box 14, Lautoka, Fiji Tel: (679) 666 0255, Fax: (679) 666 5426

PRV PS-R

Fiji Orchid & Horticulture Circle C/- Mr Jimmy Monty, President, Fiji Orchid & Horticulture Circle, PO Box 841, Nabua, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 338 1954

AS-W EX

Fiji Pine Ltd, GOV PS-P

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PO Box 521, Lautoka, Fiji. Tel: (679) 666 1511, Fax: (679) 666 1784, Email: fijipine@connect.com.fj Website: www.fijipine.com Fiji Sugar Corporation Ltd, 3rd. Floor, Western House, Lautoka, Fiji. Tel: (679) 666 2655, Fax: (679) 666 4747

GOV PS-P

Fiji Sugar Corporation Ltd, Sugar Cane Research Centre PO Box 3560, Lautoka Tel 666 0800 Fax 666 1082 Email jai@fsc.com.fj

GOV RD

Fiji Sugar Marketing Co Ltd., PO Box 189, Sugar House, Walu Street, Lautoka, Fiji. Tel: (679) 666 4906, Fax: (679) 666 4476, Email: fjsugmar@connect.com.fj

GOV TM

Fiji Islands Trade & Investment Bureau (FTIB), PO Box 2303, Government Building, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 331 5899, Fax: (679) 330 1783, Email: ftibinfo@ftib.org.fj Website: www.ftib.org.com

GOV TM

Foods (Pacific) Ltd GPO Box 182, Lot 29-30 Wailada Industrial Sub-division, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 336 2844, Fax: (679) 336 1155, Email: foodpac@connect.co.fj

PRV PS-M

Foundation for the Peoples of the South Pacific, KANA PO Box 14447, 8 Denison Road, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 330 0392, Fax: (679) 330 4315, Email: fspsuva@is.com.fj

NGO EX

Frezco Beverages Ltd, 70 Gray Road, Waqadra Industrial Sub-division, Namaka, Nadi, Fiji Tel: (679) 672 5143, Fax: (679) 672 4269

PRV PS-M

Ginger Council of Fiji 24 Edinburgh Drive, Walu Bay, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 331 4563, Fax: (679) 330 2837

STA TM

Goodman Fielder International (Fiji) Ltd 30, Karsanji Street, Bhindi Industrial Estate, Vatuwaqa, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 338 7066, Fax: (679) 338 7117

PRV PS-M

Government Handicraft Centre Ratu Sukuna House, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 331 5869

GOV PS-R

Gurdial Singh Bros Ltd GPO Box 752, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 332 1470, Fax: (679) 332 2971, Email: gurdial@connect.com.fj

PRV PS-R

Herbex Ltd., PO Box 516, Lautoka, Fiji Tel: (679) 666 0675, Fax: (679) 666 0387, Email: info@goodnoni.biz Website: www.goodnoni.biz

PRV PS-M

Hop Tiy & Co Ltd 155 Renwick Road, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 330 0309

PRV PS-S

Joe’s Farm Produce Ltd. Vunikawai, Colo-i-Suva, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 332 0770, Fax: (679) 0033, Email: joesfarm@connect.com.fj

PRV PS-E

Matenga’s Handicrafts, 56 Knollys Street, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 330 7757

PRV PS-R

Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar and Land Resettlement (MASLR) Private Mail Bag, Raiwaqa, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 338 4233, Fax: (679) 338 5048

GOV PP

Ministry of Education Marela House, Thurston Street, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 331 4477, Fax: (679) 330 3511

GOV PP

Ministry of Fisheries and Forests, PO Box 2218, Governemnt Buildings, 46-48 Knollys Street, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 330 1611, Fax: (679) 330 1595

GOV PP

Ministry of Information & Media Relations PO Box 2225, Government Buildings, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 321 1250, Fax: (679) 330 3146

GOV PP

Ministry of Regional Development Regional House, 1 Knollys Street, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 331 3400, Fax: (679) 330 3256

GOV PP

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Ministry for Women, Social Welfare and Poverty Alleviation G. P. Box 14068, 5th. Floor, Civic Tower, Victoria Parade, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 331 2199, Fax: (679)330 3829, Email: women@fiji.gov.fj Website: www.women.fiji.gov.fj

GOV PP

Ministry of Youth, Employment Opportunities & Sports PO Box 2448, Government Building, Rev. John Hunt Building, Saint Fort Street, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 331 5960, Fax: (679) 330 5348

GOV PP

Mokosoi Products (Fiji) Ltd., Lot 24, Wailada Industrial Sub-division, Lami, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 336 1555, Fax: (679) 336 1871

PRV PS-M

Montfort Boys Town, Queens Road, Lami, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 336 1433, Fax: (679) 336 2590

EDU TR

National Food and Nutrition Centre PO Box 2450, Government Building, 1 Clark Street, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 331 3055, Fax: (679) 330 3921, Email: nfnc@connect.com.fj

GOV EX

Natural Waters of Viti Ltd PO Box 14128, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 330 7911, Fax: (679) 330 2714

PRV PS-M

Nature’s Way Co-operative (Fiji) Ltd Tel: (679) 672 4566, Fax: (679) 672 4569

AS-F PS-M

Pacific Fishing Co Ltd (PAFCO) Beach Street, Levuka, Fiji Tel: (679) 344 0055, Fax: (679) 344 0400, Email: info@pafcofiji.com.fj

PRV PS-M

Padaraths Poultry Enterprise Ltd PO Box 47, Ba, Fiji Tel: (679) 667 4666, Fax: (679) 667 0139, Email: padarathgroup@connect.com.fj

PRV PS-P

Pasifika Communications Tel 330 7000 Fax 330 7222 Web site www.pasifika.com

PRV IN

Pure Fiji 17 Lalita Bhindi Street, Vatuwaqa, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 331 4669, Fax: (679) 331 4667, Email: info@purefiji.com.fj Website: www.purefiji.com.fj

PRV PS-M

Mullau Mothers Club, PO Box 353, Rakiraki, Fiji.

AS-W PS-P

Ram Karan Kava Dealers Ltd., GPO Box 12999, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 338 2697, Fax: (679) 337 0282

PRV PS-R

Ram Sami & Sons Ltd., Lot 37, Baadal Place, Makoi, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 339 5544, Fax: (679) 334 0755

PRV PS-P

Rewa Co-operative Dairy Co Ltd., PO Box 3678, Samabula, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 338 1288, Fax: (679) 337 0190

PRV PS-M

South Pacific Fertilizers Ltd., Private Mail Bag, Lautoka, Fiji. Tel: (679) 666 5988, Fax: (679) 666 5900

PRV PS-S

South Seas Orchids Ltd., PO Box 11047, Nadi Airport, Fiji. Tel: (679) 672 6464, Fax: (679) 672 6468, Email: sso@connect.com.fj

PRV PS-P

Sugar Cane Growers Council, PO Box 5162, Lautoka, Fiji. Tel: (679) 665-0466, Fax: (679) 665-0624, Email: canegrower@connect.com.fj

AS-F EX

Sugar Cane Growers Fund, PO Box 13, Lautoka, Fiji. Tel: (679) 665 0777, Fax: (679) 665 0768

BNK FS

Sugar Commission of Fiji PO Box 5993, Sugar House, Walu Street, Lautoka, Fiji. Tel: (679) 666 4866, Fax: (679) 666 4051, Email: scof@connect.com.fj

STA RG

Suva Orchid & Horticulture Circle P.O. Box 841, Nabua, Suva, Fiji

AS-W EX

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Tel: (679) 338 1954 Tailevu Dairy Farmers Co-operative Association, Ratu Cakobau House, Nausori, Fiji. Tel: (679) 347 9613

AS-F EX

Tong Wah Co Ltd., PO Box 12774, Lot 4, Lami Street, Wailada, Lami, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 336 3678, Fax: (679) 336 1110, Email: tongwah@connect.com.fj

PRV PS-R

Tosa Bussan (Fiji) Ltd., PO Box 60, Nabua, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 330 3764, Fax: (679) 330 7176

PRV PS-P

TQM Environmental Services, PO Box 3035, Lami, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 336 1044, Fax: (679) 336 1095, Email: tqmpest@connect.com.fj

PRV PS-S

Tropik Wood Industries Ltd., Private Mail Bag, Vakabuli Village Road, Lautoka, Fiji. Tel: (679) 666 1388, Fax: (679) 666 1561, Email: tropik@connect.com.fj

PRV PS-M

University of the South Pacific (USP), Laucala Campus, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 331 3900, Fax: (679) 330 1305, Website: www.usp.ac.fj Email?

EDU TR

Vuda Piggeries Ltd., Vuda Point, Lautoka, Fiji. Tel: (679) 666 1757, Fax: (679) 666 2969,Email: vudapigs@connect.com.fj

PRV PS-P

Western Hatcheries Ltd., PO Box 4563, Qalito Road, Lautoka, Fiji. Tel: (679) 666 6963, Fax: (679) 666 6740

PRV PS-S

Woodpac (Fiji) Ltd., Private Mail Bag, Lot 19, Jai Ambama Road, Vatuwaqa, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 338 5340, Fax: (679) 338 5366,Email: woodpac@connect.com.fj

PRV PS-M

Yaqara Pastoral Co Ltd., Yaqara, Tavua, Fiji. Tel: (679) 668 0400, Fax: (679) 668 0091

GOV PS-P

Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), Davey Avenue, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 331 3420, Fax: (679) 330 3380

CHU PS

Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA), Ratu Sukuna Park, Suva, Fiji. Tel: (679) 330 4829, Fax: (679) 330 3004

CHU PS

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3.2 Select list of key institutions The 19 institutions selected as key and presented in full are:

• Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar & Land Resettlement, Information & Communication Section

• Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar & Land Resettlement, Research Division

• Ministry of Fisheries and Forests • Ministry of Education, Technical Vocational Education & Training • Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Plant Protection Service • Partners in Community Development Fiji

• Fiji Sugar Corporation Ltd, Sugar Cane Research Centre • Fiji Pine Ltd • Fiji Development Bank • AgChem Ltd

• Natures Way Co-operative (Fiji) Ltd • South Sea Orchids Ltd • Padaraths Poultry Enterprise Ltd • Suva Orchid & Horticulture Circle

• Mullau Mothers Club • Tokineke Youth Club • National Youth Training Centre • Fiji College of Agriculture

• Ministry of Women, Social Welfare & Poverty Alleviation

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Table A3.2 Key institutions in the agricultural sector in Fiji

Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar and Land Resettlement Acronym: MASLR Information and Communication Section Postal address: Private Mail Bag, Raiwaqa, Suva, FIJI Tel: (679) 338 4233 Fax: (679) 338 5048 Email: kprakash@connect.com.fj Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry √ NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach IN Information services √ FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Objective / mission statement: To foster a productive and well-informed agricultural sector through the effective dissemination of information to its clientele.

Field of specialisation: Information and Communication

Number of staff: 20 Main location: MASLR Headquaters, Raiwaqa, Suva. Branches, other sites: District offices around the country

Annual budget: F$ 36,367.00 Main source of funding: Government

Programme / projects undertaken: Dissemination of agricultural information to the target audience through the use of mass- media, agricultural shows and various publications.

Target audience: Farmers, Agro-Industries, Exporters, Agricultural Officers, Scientists, Schools, Consumers

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications√ -Spores

DORA

61

SDI

CD-ROM subscriptions

Question & Answer Service √

CTA Seminars √

Co-seminars √

Training programmes √

Seminar Support Program √

Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: Various divisions within the Agriculture Ministry – Information purposes Other Government Ministries/Departments- Information purposes Media Organisations- Dissemination purposes IRETA/University of the South Pacific – Information/Courses/workshops FAO, UNESCO & Overseas Universities –Educational

Information management

How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? Agricultural related information through electronic & print media, library and Internet

Main information needs not satisfied Some publications, those through video & TV & other various ICT

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) * Lack of funds * Lack of equipment * Capacity building

Lastly

Why did you select this institution to interview? The main role of this section is to disseminate agricultural information obtain locally and overseas to all the relevant sectors particularly the stakeholders of Agriculture (farmers, exporters, etc.) in this country.

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Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar and Land Resettlement Acronym: KRS Research Division Postal address: Koronivia Research Station, PO Box 77, Nausori, Fiji Tel: (679) 347 7044 Fax: (679) 340 0262 Email: jkumar@connect.com.fj Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry √ NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development √ RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Mission statement: To be committed in the provision of appropriate technologies and quality services responsive to clients needs.

Field of specialisation: Crops Research

Number of staff: Scientific & Technical =74, Admin. = 18, Unestablished = 157 Main location: Koronivia Research Station (KRS), Nausori Branches, other sites: Naduruloulou Research Station (NRS), Dobuilevu Research Station (DRS), Legalega Research Station (LRS), Sigatoka Research Station (SRS), Wainigata Research Station (WRS), Taveuni Coconut Centre (TCC) and Seaqaqa Research Station

Annual budget: F$ 3.1M Main source of funding: Government

Programme / projects undertaken: 1. Agronomic Research on –Rice and Tropical Root Crops, Tree Crops and

Vegetables 2. Pests & Diseases Controls (Plant Protection) 3. Develop appropriate farming systems

Target audience: Farmers, Agro-Industries, Exporters, Extension Division of the Ministry.

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications √ -Spores

DORA

SDI

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CD-ROM subscriptions

Question & Answer Service √

CTA Seminars √

Co-seminars

Training programmes √

Seminar Support Programme Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: * Local –Agricultural, environmental & health related ministries/departments – for information & collaborated projects * Regional – SPC, SPREP, USP, FAO Rep. Office –for information & collaborated projects. Media Organisations- Dissemination purposes International – FAO, IRRI, ACIAR, IITA, AVRDC, CIRAD, CIMMYT and CGIAR –for education, exchange of information, funding assistance and collaborated projects.

Information management

How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? Agricultural related information through electronic & print media, library and Internet

Main information needs not satisfied * Market access information * Scientific and technical information on under-utilised and neglected crops * Global and International trend in Agricultural Research.

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) * Lack of funds * Lack of resources (physical & human) * Capacity and capability of human resources

Lastly Why did you select this institution to interview? The Research Division is the main local source of scientific findings for the farmers of this country. The interview was to see whether these findings and those obtain from overseas Research Institutions are being filtered down and are reaching the farmers and the rural dwellers.

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Ministry of Fisheries and Forests Acronym: Postal address: PO Box 2218 Government Buildings, Suva, FIJI. Tel: (679) 330 1611 Fax: (679) 330 1595 Email: Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry √ NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning √ PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Mission statement: To advocate the sustainable development of the Fisheries and Forest resources in support of a growing and equitable economic and social development of our people

Field of specialisation: Natural living resources (forests & fisheries) conservation and management

Number of staff: Established = 293, Unestablished = 146 Main location: Suva Branches, other sites: Fisheries – Lami, Naduruloulou, Galoa & towns around the country & some outer islands stations Forestry – Colo—I-Suva, Nasinu & some towns around the country.

Annual budget: F$ 6.5M (2004) Main source of funding: Government and Overseas Donors

Programme / projects undertaken: (i) Fisheries Research (ii) Fisheries Training (iii) Fisheries Aquaculture (i) Timber Research (ii) Forestry Training (iii) Silviculture Research

Target audience: Fishermen/Fisherwomen, Foresters, Loggers

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications √ -Spores

DORA

SDI

CD-ROM subscriptions

65

Question & Answer Service

CTA Seminars

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration:

• Local –MASLR, Ministry of Lands & other relevant ministries/departments – for information & collaborated projects. • NGOs- WWF, SPACHEE – For information/training courses & workshops • Regional – SPC, FFA, USP, Forum Sec., SOPAC & FAO Rep. Office –for information & collaborated projects. • International – FAO and SPREP –for education, exchange of information, funding assistance and collaborated

projects.

Information management

How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? Policies, Technical & Scientific information from FAO, SPC, FFA, etc.

Main information needs not satisfied The Ministry is getting all relevant information from the regional and international organisations.

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) • There is no Information and Communication section of the Ministry at the moment. These two sectors used to be

with the Agriculture sector until about 2 years ago. So, now there is a move to merge the available resources and improve on the Information & Communication service of the Ministry.

• Lack of funds

• Lack of resources (physical & human) • Capacity and capability of human resources

Lastly

Why did you select this institution to interview? The Ministry of Fisheries and Forests administer the sea and forest resources of the country. Hence, it is important to interview the Ministry to see whether the necessary information are reaching the fishermen & the forests owners and loggers

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Ministry of Education Acronym: TVET Technical Vocational Education and Training Postal address: Private Mail Bag, Government Buildings, Suva, FIJI. Tel: (679) 331 4477 Ext. 564 Fax: (679) 331 4457 Email: Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry √ NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) √ TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Mission statement: Excellence in Agriculture Education in the service of the nation.

Field of specialisation: Agriculture Education

Number of staff: 2 Senior Education Officers, 240 teachers Main location: Suva Branches, other sites: 120 Secondary Schools around the country

Annual budget: F$6,000.00 Main source of funding: Government

Programme / projects undertaken: Agriculture Science Curriculum

Target audience: Secondary Schools Students

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications

DORA

67

SDI

CD-ROM subscriptions

Question & Answer Service

CTA Seminars

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme

Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration:

• SPC- resource materials

Information management

How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? SPC –provides the information only upon request.

Main information needs not satisfied Agriculture updates in Fiji and the region.

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc)

• There is no network between this section and the Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar & Land Resettlement. • Lack of funds • Lack of resources (physical & human), no access to Internet

• Capacity and capability of human resources

Lastly

Why did you select this institution to interview? This section of the Ministry of Education is important in the sense that it teaches agriculture in schools. This is an early formal introduction of agriculture as a science subject to the students, some of whom would eventually return to their villages and till the land.

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Secretariat of the Pacific Community Acronym: SPC/PPS Plant Protection Service Postal address: Private Mail Bag, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 3370-733 Fax: (679) 3370-021 Email: pps@spc.int Web site : www.spc.int

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network √ STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach √ IN Information services √ FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development √ RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Mission statement: Strengthen national plant protection and quarantine services through dissemination of Extension publications.

Field of specialisation: Plant Protection and Quarantine

Number of staff: 25 Main location: Suva, Fiji Branches, other sites: Federated State of Micronesia

Annual budget: F$1M Main source of funding: EU, AusAid, NZAid, ACIAR.

Programme / projects undertaken: • Fruit Fly

• Pest Management Campaign • Biosecurity & Trade

• Quarantine

Target audience: - Farmers - Ministry of Agriculture staff in

member countries - NGOs - Donors

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications √ -Spores

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DORA

SDI √

CD-ROM subscriptions √

Question & Answer Service √

CTA Seminars

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration:

• Regional – USP- disease diagnostics, students projects

• - National government Agricultural ministries –collaborated projects • NZ MAF – Quarantine awareness

• ACIAR – Weed & taro beetle management • SPREP – Invasive species

Information management How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? Source from Internet and exchange with other international Institutes for technical & extension materials.

Main information needs not satisfied -New extension methodologies - Sustainable agricultural practices

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc)

• Sustaining capacity amongst Pacific Islanders in Information & Communication Management • Lack of funds • Lack of resources (physical & human),

• Poor infrastructures • Economics

Lastly Why did you select this institution to interview? The Plant Protection Service of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community has got an Information Section whose role is to disseminate plant protection information and other agricultural information to all relevant ministries, organisations to all SPC member countries in the region.

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Partners in Community Development Fiji Acronym: PCDF Postal address: PO Box 14447, Suva, FIJI. Tel: (679) (679) 3300-392/ 3314-160 Fax: (679) 3304-315

Email: admin@pcdf.org.fj Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry NGO Non-government organisation √ PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network √ STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach √ IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Mission statement: Vision: “Communities achieving equitable, holistic and sustainable livelihoods” Mission: “ Working in partnership to empower people to make informed decisions.”

Field of specialisation: Natural Resources and Human Resources Development in rural communities.

Number of staff: 20 Main location: Suva, Fiji Branches, other sites: Various rural communities (villages & settlements) in 8 provinces (out of the 14 provinces & Rotuma) around the country.

Annual budget: F$800,000.00 Main source of funding: From various overseas donors.

Programme / projects undertaken:

• KANA (School Nutrition all over Fiji) * Youth, Mental Health & Violence • Forest Management * Disaster Preparedness • Coral Gardens * Human Rights

• Capacity Building in Rural Education

Target audience: - Rural communities

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications

DORA

SDI

71

CD-ROM subscriptions

Question & Answer Service

CTA Seminars

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration:

• Local –Private Sector – Shangri-La’, Musket Cove Resort –collaborated projects -Fiji government & Fiji School of Medicine –information & collaborated projects • Regional – USP, SOPAC, FSPI –Information • International – UK Trustworld Partners, US- Counterpart & International & AFAP (Australian Foundation for Asia &

the Pacific) -Funding & Information

Information management How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? Source from media, government, Internet, Communities, Partners & Donors –Research & general information on projects being carried out.

Main information needs not satisfied. -

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc)

• Manpower –capacity & skills

Lastly Why did you select this institution to interview? PCDF is a Non-Government Organisation targeting the rural communities, most of who are farmers and fishermen and fisherwomen.

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Fiji Sugar Corporation Ltd Sugar Cane Research Centre Acronym: SCRC Postal address: PO Box 3560, Lautoka, FIJI Tel: (679) 666 0800 Fax: (679) 666 1082

Email: jai@fsc.com.fj Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body √

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach √ IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development √ RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Objective / mission statement: Advancing Industry by Excellence In Research to Improve Productivity. Principal Objective: To increase productivity, profitability and sustainability of the industry by producing high yielding disease resistance varieties and by facilitating an efficient extension services.

Field of specialisation: Sugar cane Research

Number of staff: Professional staff = 9, Technicians = 9 & Unestablished = 43 Main location: Lautoka Branches, other sites: Rarawai Mill – 1 Professional & 1 Technician Penang Mill – 1 Technician & 2 Unestablished ; Labasa Mill – 1 Professional

Annual budget: F$ 1.2M Main source of funding: Sugar Industry (FSC –the Miller & Growers)

Programme / projects undertaken: Research & Development. Extension will began from April, 2004 (& the budget will be increased to F$2.5M

Target audience: The 23,000 sugar cane farmers

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications √ -Spores

73

DORA

SDI

CD-ROM subscriptions

Question & Answer Service

CTA Seminars

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme

Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: Local – USP (staff doing Post- Grad programs –Research/Thesis) - Ministry of Agriculture, Legalega Research Station (Dry Zone Research)- Information Regional –SPC (staff – personal connections)- Information International –BSES, Sugar Research Institutes in Mauritius, Thailand & India- Exchange of information & also seeds via Tissue Culture.

Information management How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? From: BSES, India, Mauritius (MSIRI), South Africa (SASEX) & also Internet Type: Specific research information, publications, annual research reports

Main information needs not satisfied -Specific research needs up to certain number of years - Farm Budgets - Business Proposals for Research Centres

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc)

• No full time Librarian which can act as ‘deterrent’ to staff

• Lack of skills & capacity • Do not have electronic versions of journals

Lastly

Why did you select this institution to interview? Sugar is still the main export commodity. The Sugar Cane Research serves the 23,000 sugar cane farmers in this country.

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Fiji Pine Ltd Acronym: FPL Postal address: PO Box 521, Lautoka, FIJI Tel: (679) 666 1511 Fax: (679) 666 1784

Email: fijipine@connect.com.fj Web site : www.fijipine.com

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body √

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach √ IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development √ RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Mission statement: “We establish and manage quality renewable forests on a sustainable basis and make strategic investments. We develop our Landowners and provide rewarding and challenging environment for our employees.”

Field of specialisation: Fiji Pine Ltd. owns and manages 44,148 hectares of pine plantations and is engaged in establishing, managing and harvesting plantations.

Number of staff: 85 Main location: Lautoka Branches, other sites: Nabou, Nadi, Lololo, Ra, Bua & Macuata

Annual budget: Operating revenue in 2002 was F$38.7 milion. Main source of funding: the sale of pine logs

Programme / projects undertaken: 1. Land acquisition & Plantation Establishment 2. Forest Protection to fires & animals 3. Harvesting 4. Logging 5. Log sales

Target audience: Tropik Wood Industries Ltd.

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications

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DORA

SDI

CD-ROM subscriptions

Question & Answer Service

CTA Seminars

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme

Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: Local- Fiji Pine Trust (arm for the landowners development) National – Ministry of Fijian Affairs –for scholarships - Ministry of Fisheries & Forests (FPL is a statutory body of this Ministry)??? - GTZ (German Pacific Regional Forestry Project) -Information - Fiji Saw Millers Association –Information & work collaboration Regional –USP – Students doing research

Information management How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? Forestry research and general forestry information from Research Institutes and Forestry Departments from Australia, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa, etc. Wood and logging information from relevant Institutes overseas.

Main information needs not satisfied - Forestry technologies, operations

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) • No problems so far! FPL management is open to new ideas, subscriptions to new relevant publications,

newsletters, etc.

Lastly Why did you select this institution to interview? Fiji Pine Ltd. is one of the successful Agro- Industry public company in Fiji

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Fiji Development Bank Acronym: FDB Postal address: PO Box 104 Suva, FIJI Tel: (679) 331 4866 Fax: (679) 331 4886 Email:

Web site : mailroom@fdb.com.fj

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution √ CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach IN Information services FS Financial services √ PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Objective / mission statement: Provides finance, financial and advisory services to assist in the economic development of Fiji and in particular in the development of agriculture, commerce and industry

Field of specialisation: Agricultural loans, commercial loans & industrial loans

Number of staff: 220 (as of 31/01/2004) Main location: Suva Branches, other sites: Sigatoka, Nadi, Lautoka, Ba, Rakiraki, Nausori, Labasa, Seaqaqa & Savusavu

Annual budget: $30,641,000 (Income for the current financial year) Main source of funding: Interest Income including interest subsidies received from Government for agricultural loans, commercial loans to Fijian scheme, Economic Rehabilitation Package Scheme and small business schemes.

Programme / projects undertaken: FDB offers loan facility to viable and sustaining projects. However, projects are assessed based on its own merits.

Target audience: Sole proprietors, partnerships, companies.

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications

DORA

77

SDI

CD-ROM subscriptions

Question & Answer Service

CTA Seminars

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme

Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: FDB works in collaboration with certain Government ministries- Ministries of Finance, Agriculture & Tourism

Information management

How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? The Research Division is the main source of information for the bank. The division obtains information from Publications sent to the Bank. All kinds of information related to FBD activities and programs. Customers information can be obtained from the Loan Management System.

Main information needs not satisfied: -

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) Management of the Bank’s information system has been out sourced. The bank is only concerned about the information required which has to be supplied.

Lastly Why did you select this institution to interview? Fiji Development Bank as its name states provides loans to many developers in Fiji. The Bank has an Agriculture Section which caters for the farmers & fishermen of Fiji.

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Agchem Ltd Acronym: Postal address: Lot 5, Wailada Industrial Estate, Lami, Suva, FIJI Tel: (679) 336 1499 Fax: (679) 336 1307

Email: agchem@connect.com.fj Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company √ REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) √ RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Objective / mission statement: - To reduce cost of chemicals/agro-inputs to farmers - To bring in products with reduced costs.

Field of specialisation: Agro-inputs, agricultural equipment and chemicals.

Number of staff: 10 Main location: Suva Branches, other sites: Agchem has 34 distributors around the country.

Annual budget: About F$2.8M Main source of funding: From business transactions.

Programme / projects undertaken: 1. Imports and sells agro-inputs 2. Extension trials 3. Funded organic trials, using ALROCK fertilisers 4. Funded National Food & Nutrition Centre (NFNC) trials in schools

Target audience: Farmers, Government Ministries/Departments & Organisations working on Agricultural & Environmental related issues.

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications

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CD-ROM subscriptions

Question & Answer Service

CTA Seminars

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme

Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: National – Ministries of Agriculture & Environment –Information & collaborative projetcs Statutory Body – Fiji Sugar Corporation Ltd. –Agchem is a subsidiary of FSC NGOs – National Food & Nutrition Centre Regional – SPC –Information International – DuPont –Agchem Supplier

Information management How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? 1. DuPont – Information on the products supplied to Agchem 2. NFNC & SPC –Research information including collaborative work information. 3. Australian Embassy – AusAid Newsletters

Main information needs not satisfied: Adequate information being received.

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) 1. Training of staff –on technical matters & information dissemination techniques

Lastly

Why did you select this institution to interview? Agchem Ltd. is one of the leading supplier of agro-inputs and appropriate tools in the country.

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Natures Way Co-operative (Fiji) Ltd Acronym: Postal address: PO Box 9825, Nadi Airport, FIJI Tel: (679) 672 4566 Fax: (679) 672 4569

Email: nwc@connect.com.fj Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) √ AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) √ & service provider TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Objective / mission statement: To provide efficient quarantine treatment for export of fresh fruits and vegetables

Field of specialisation: High Temperature Forced Air (HFTA) quarantine treatment

Number of staff: 8 Main location: Nadi Airport Branches, other sites: Nil

Annual budget: About F$200,000 Main source of funding: Service charges

Programme / projects undertaken: 1 Quarantine treatment of fresh fruits and vegetables 2. Post –harvest handling 3. Packaging

Target audience: Farmers and Exporters

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications √ -Spores

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CTA Seminars √

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme

Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: National – Ministries of Agriculture & Co-operative–Information Regional –SPC, IRETA, South Pacific Trade Commission (NZ)

Information management

How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? None

Main information needs not satisfied: (i) Marketing Information (ii) Research findings of HFTA unit particularly its efficiency and other uses.

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) - Lack of information received

Lastly

Why did you select this institution to interview? Natures Way is one of the few Co-operatives that handle agricultural commodities and provides the only HFTA quarantine treatment for fresh fruits and vegetable for export.

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South Sea Orchids Ltd Acronym: SSO Postal address: PO Box 11047, Nadi Airport, FIJI Tel: (679) 672 6464 Fax: (679) 672 6468

Email: sso@connect.com.fj Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company √ REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P √ Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing

company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Objective / mission statement: To produce and sell cut-flowers

Field of specialisation: Types of cut flowers involved which, include: orchids, anthuriums, ginger, heliconias

Number of staff: 5 permanent staff & 2 casuals Main location: Nasau, Nadi Branches, other sites: SSO has 95 out-growers around Viti Levu

Annual budget: About F$85,000 (including looking after the out-growers Main source of funding: Selling cut-flowers & Tours

Programme / projects undertaken: (i) Look after the 95 out-growers throughout the year. (ii) Organise workshops and training for them, if they get funds

Target audience: (i) The 95 out-growers which

includes 3 men. (ii) All florists around the

country

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications √ -Spores

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CD-ROM subscriptions

Question & Answer Service √

CTA Seminars √

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Program

Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: National – Ministry of Agriculture –Information and funding assistance to conduct workshops & training for members. - FTIB & Fiji-NZ Business Council– to help in seeking funds for workshops Regional –SPC, IRETA & Forum Sec. – Information on trade, scientific funding, workshops & training International – CDE & CTA –funding for various projects, including publication of a booklet on orchids (CTA funded)

Information management How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? (i) CTA –Spores –general information on agriculture (ii) Internet – Information on Horticulture (iii) Dr. Segawa of the University of Hawaii – sends relevant information

Main information needs not satisfied: Horticultural information especially on marketing

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) At the moment, the company does not receive any leaflets from the Ministry of Agriculture. The Ministry needs to publish leaflets on Horticulture as it does with crops.

Lastly Why did you select this institution to interview? SSO is a successful cut-flower company in the country. One of its priorities is to provide training for its out-growers, majority of whom are women.

General Comments

CTA has also assisted this company in publishing a booklet on Orchids for the growers and has sponsored 2 of their

workshops for their growers who are mainly women. Other publications to be funded by CTA are in line.

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Padaraths Poultry Enterprise Ltd Acronym: Postal address: PO Box 47, Ba, FIJI Tel: (679) 667 4666 Fax: (679) 667 0139

Email: padarathgroup@connect.com.fj Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company √ REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P √ Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing

company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Objective / mission statement: To be the number one poultry producer in the country to assist in eliminating import and provide employment.

Field of specialisation: Poultry –chicken production

Number of staff: About 130 Main location: Navau, Ba Branches, other sites: Tavarau, Ba Drasa, Lautoka

Annual budget: About F$3 million Main source of funding: Loans –Fiji Development Bank - Business

Programs / projects undertaken: Chicken production in its own farms (2) and its out-growers (18 at the moment & intends to increase to 38)

Target audience: Smallholders/Outgrowers, Community groups, Supermarkets, Hotels, Restaurants and Individual Customers

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications

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SDI

CD-ROM subscriptions

Question & Answer Service

CTA Seminars

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme

Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: National- Ministries of Agriculture, Commerce & Finance –Information on various matters from the relevant ministries and also the meeting notices from Quarantine, etc. Regional –SPC – Scientific information

Information management

How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? The Poultry Industry Association collects information and disseminate to members through ‘Media Watch’ leaflets

Main information needs not satisfied: Adequate information being received at the moment.

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) The main problem faced is the non-involvement of Poultry Farmers as far as the policies of Poultry Industry in the country. The Policy makers should communicate more & also seek the views of Poultry farmers regarding government policies that concern the Poultry Industry.

Lastly Why did you select this institution to interview? Padaraths Poultry is one of the largest chicken producing company in the country.

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Suva Orchid & Horticulture Circle Acronym: Postal address: PO Box 841 Nabua, Suva, FIJI Tel: (679) 338 1954 Fax: Email: Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association √ AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P √ Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing

company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Objective / mission statement: To promote and educate members on Floriculture

Field of specialisation: Floriculture and Floral Art

Number of staff: 12 Committee members Main location: Suva Branches, other sites: -None

Annual budget: Main source of funding: Subscription of members

Programme / projects undertaken: Workshops on cut-flowers & Demonstrations on Floral Art

Target audience: Members and other interested individuals

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications

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Question & Answer Service

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CTA Seminars

Co-seminars √

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme

Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: National- Ministries of Agriculture –Advice on Horticulture, Quarantine measures & also funding for workshops and trips to the Annual Ellerslie Flower Show (Auckland, NZ) . Regional –IRETA –training & workshops

Information management

How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? IRETA newsletters

Main information needs not satisfied: Quarantine information

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) Lack of skills & communication management. Lack of human, financial & physical resources. Currently, information collation & dissemination in printed & broadcast media do not exist, unless there is an organised Flower Show in town.

Lastly

Why did you select this institution to interview? It is a women’s organisation. Horticulture business has been increasing in Fiji in the last few years.

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Mullau Mothers Club Acronym: Postal address: PO Box 353, Rakiraki, FIJI Tel: (679) Fax: Email: Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association √ AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P √ Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing

company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Objective / mission statement: To be involved in income- generating activities for its members.

Field of specialisation: Income-generating activities include: sewing, chutney making and at the moment concentrating on honey production

Number of staff: 6 members Main location: Malau, Rakiraki Branches, other sites: - None

Annual budget: Currently, $3.00 from every $10.00 sale is kept for Club activities and office maintenance Main source of funding: Honey production

Programme / projects undertaken: Currently, only honey production because of lack of membership

Target audience: Consumers – individual customers

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications

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89

CTA Seminars

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme

Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: National- Ministries of Agriculture –for advice NGOs – FCOSS –for advice

Information management

How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? Irregular, only when Agriculture staff visit, they give verbal advice. Sometimes technical bulletins on Bee Keeping are given to them when are available at the local Agriculture Office.

Main information needs not satisfied: Technical information Other micro-economic activities for women. Resources available include land and office space but so far only Bee Keeping is being carried out.

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) Lack of resources –no published materials being received by the club on regular basis No follow-up workshops done Lack of professional advice given by Agriculture staff as they seem to be busy with their other responsibilities.

Lastly Why did you select this institution to interview? This particular Mothers Club is involved with agriculture related economic-generating activities.

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Tokineke Youth Club Acronym: Postal address: PO Box 257, Rakiraki, FIJI Tel: No reception area by Telecom nor Vodafone Fax: Email: Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association √ BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P √ Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing

company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Objective / mission statement: To be involved in income- generating activities for its members, the youths. To occupy these youths with activities and deter them from being involved in unwanted activities & also to deter urban drift.

Field of specialisation: Income –generating activities include: piggery, sugar cane root crops and pineapple farming.

Number of staff: About 21 members and a President (A teacher at the local Primary School) Main location: Delana Settlement, Saivou, Ra Branches, other sites: - None

Annual budget: About F$1,000. The initial funding was given by the Tekakano Fund of the New Zealand Embassy, Fiji with the sum of F$5,000.00 in 2001. Main source of funding: Various activities carried out by members: (i) Fundraising drives (collection) by members and also involve their relatives and friends (ii) Selling of produce (iii) Casual jobs

Programme / projects undertaken: (i) Piggery (ii) Sugar cane (iii) Pineapples (iv) Root Crops – Cassava & taro (v) Cross –activities with other groups in the District

Target audience: Consumers – individual customers Youths in the village

Linkages and collaboration

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Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications

DORA

SDI

CD-ROM subscriptions

Question & Answer Service

CTA Seminars

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme

Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: Local- The club is affiliated to the Ra Provincial Youth Council. - Ra Rural Local Authority- for advise National- Ministries of Agriculture & Youth –for advice NGO – Tekakano Fund of the New Zealand Embassy, Fiji- for funding

Information management

How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? Only when Agriculture staff visit, they give verbal advice.

Main information needs not satisfied: Technical information Market information

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) This settlement is about 28km from the nearest town. Lack of resources –no published materials being received by the club. Lack of infrastructures including the telephone and television network

Lastly

Why did you select this institution to interview? This particular Youth Club is involved with agriculture related economic-generating activities.

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National Youth Training Centre Acronym: NYTC Postal address: PO Box 495 Sigatoka FIJI Tel: (679) 6520-520/6520-348 Fax: (679) 6520-585 Email: Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution √ GOV Government department / ministry √ NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) √ TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Objective / mission statement: Vision: Upskilling and Motivating of Youths for Employment (Self/Paid) and Be Self-Reliant. Mission: The National Youth Training Centre exists to Upskill, Motivate and Develop youths their full potential with provisions of skills and motivational training through maximisation of available resources and timely implementation of the set programs.

Field of specialisation: Agriculture and General Carpentry Training

Number of staff: 22 (includes Trainers, administration and support staff) Main location: Nasau, Sigatoka Branches, other sites: - 1 at Kadavu & 2 in Vanua levu

Annual budget: About F$200,000 Main source of funding: Government

Programme / projects undertaken: (i) Agriculture Training (ii) General Agriculture Training

Target audience: Youths of Fiji who have reached Form 4 standard

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications

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CD-ROM subscriptions

Question & Answer Service

CTA Seminars

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: Local- Fiji National Training Council (FNTC) – for information and training National- Ministries of Agriculture, Youth & Employment, Regional Development and Fijian Affairs –for advice, scholarships, funding and training. International- ILO, FAO, OISCA (Japan) & JICA for information and training

Information management How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? (i) Ministry of Youth and Employment – general information including income-generating activities.

Main information needs not satisfied: Need more information –Technical/research findings on new technologies, varieties, etc.

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) (i) The main problem faced is that the institution is not receiving any information (bulletins, etc.) from the Ministry

of Agriculture, IRETA & such other Agricultural institutions. (ii) Lack of funds for subscriptions, etc

Lastly

Why did you select this institution to interview? This is the only government (fully funded) training institutions for these two disciplines (Agriculture and Carpentry with some military drillings) catering for young boys who cannot advance further than form 4 in their Secondary education.

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Fiji College of Agriculture Acronym: FCA Postal address: PO Box 1544, Nausori, FIJI Tel: (679) 347 9200 Fax: (679) 340 0275 Email: Web site :

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution √ GOV Government department / ministry √ NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) √ TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Objective / mission statement: The Fiji College of Agriculture is to provide quality formal training and foster professionalism amongst Agriculturists.

Field of specialisation: Training of students to graduate as professional Agriculturists.

Number of staff: 38 (including unestablished Main location: Koronivia, Nausori Branches, other sites: - None.

Annual budget: About F$300,000 Main source of funding: Government (Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar & Land Resettlement)

Programme / projects undertaken: Diploma in Tropical Agriculture Program (3 Year Program)

Target audience: Students

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications √ -Spores

DORA

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Question & Answer Service

CTA Seminars √

Co-seminars

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Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: Local- Fiji Institute of Technology National- Ministries of Agriculture, Youth & Employment, Regional Development, Women and Fijian Affairs –for scholarships, funding and training. Regional – USP, SPC & IRETA International- University of Hawaii, Lincoln University (New Zealand), Queensland University – for training of College staff

Information management

How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? -Inter-library loan by fax & mail, Journals, Periodicals, Annual Reports and other publications from Agricultural Institutions around the world.

Main information needs not satisfied: The FCA library needs more information on Marketing in Agriculture, Engineering and Communications

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) (i) Lack of funds (ii) Lack of equipment. There is no computer in the library & so cannot access Internet (iii) Lack of space in the library. (iv) Unqualified staff

Lastly

Why did you select this institution to interview? This is the only government institution that offers a 3-year Diploma in Tropical Agriculture Program.

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Ministry for Women, Social Welfare and Poverty Alleviation Postal address: GPO Box 14068 Suva FIJI Tel: (679) 331 2199 Fax: (679) 330 3829

Email: women@fiji.gov.fj Web site : www.women.fiji.gov.fj

Type (tick) AS-F Farmers’ association (includes co-ops) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department / ministry √ NGO Non-government organisation PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organisation or network STA Statutory body

Role (tick) EX Extension and outreach √ IN Information services √ FS Financial services PP Policy and planning √ PS-E Private sector – exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds) RD Research and development √ RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (tertiary and vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include development)

Objective / mission statement: Enhance human dignity, social well-being and gender equality

Field of specialisation: Gender and Development

Number of staff: 56 Main location: Suva Branches, other sites: - Other urban centres

Annual budget: F$2,188,700.00 Main source of funding: Government

Programme / projects undertaken: 1. Gender Training 2. Gender Audit 3. Micro Credit

Target audience: Women’s groups

Linkages and collaboration Extent of collaboration with CTA (tick all that apply) Receive CTA publications

DORA

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Question & Answer Service

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CTA Seminars

Co-seminars

Training programmes

Seminar Support Programme Extent of collaboration with other institutions (local, national, regional, international) – need name and type of collaboration: Local- Women’s clubs around the country –provide training & disseminate information National- Ministries of Agriculture, Youth & Employment, Regional Development and Fijian Affairs, Health- projects collaboration and exchange of information. NGOs –FCOSS (Fiji Council of Social Services) Regional – Secretariat of Pacific Community –projects collaboration, funding of projects and exchange of information International- JICA (Japan International Co-op Agency) –funding workshops, UN Agencies –training, funding of projects.

Information management

How are information needs currently met? From where? What type of information? Internet, Other government ministries, NGOs, UN Agencies. Officers also bring in materials after attending overseas workshops, seminars & training.

Main information needs not satisfied: Up to date information on assistance available to women with regards to Agriculture, courses whereby our women can apply.

Main problems – information and communication management (capacity, skills, resources etc) (i) Lack of funds (ii) Unqualified staff (iii) Materials have to be translated to vernacular for women in rural areas.

Lastly Why did you select this institution to interview? This Ministry is responsible for women projects all over the country particularly whose who live in rural areas. The aim is to assist them with projects to improve their living standards and also to alleviate poverty.

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Annex 4 List of institutions consulted List of government ministries, organisations and companies interviewed:

Government ministries/departments

• Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar and Land Resettlement Information and Communication Section Research Division Fiji College of Agriculture

• Ministry of Fisheries and Forests

• Ministry of Education Technical Vocational Education & Training Section National Youth Training Centre

• Ministry of Finance and National Planning Information Technology & Computing Services

• Ministry of Information, Communication and Media Relations • Ministry of Women, Social Welfare and Poverty Alleviation

Statutory bodies

• Fiji Sugar Corporation Ltd, Sugar Cane Research Centre • Fiji Pine Ltd

Regional organisations

• Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Plant Protection Services

Non-Government organisations

• Partners in Community Development Fiji

Private companies

• South Seas Orchids Limited • Agchem Limited • Padaraths Poultry Enterprise Limited

Banking institutions

• Fiji Development Bank

Women’s, youth and farmers’ associations

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• Mullau Mothers Club • Suva Orchid & Horticulture Circle • Tokineke Youth Club

• Natures Way Co-operative (Fiji) Ltd

Media organisations

• Fiji Times Ltd

• Sun (Fiji) News Ltd • Island Business International • Fiji Broadcasting Corporation Ltd • Communications Fiji Ltd

• ZFM Classic • Fiji Television Ltd • Community Television

Telecommunication companies

• Telecom Fiji Ltd • Vodafone Fiji Ltd • Internet Service (Fiji) Ltd – trading as Connect