figure 22 geologic history - burnet middle...

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Figure 22 Geologic History Precambrian Time 4 . 6 b i l l i o n - 5 4 4 m i l l i o n years ago Paleozoic Era 544-245 m i l l i o n y e a r s ago Geologic Events E a r t h f o r m s about 4 . 6 b i l l i o n y e a r s ago. Oceans form and cover Earth about 4 b i l l i o n y e a r s ago. First sedimentary rocks form about 4 b i l l i o n y e a r s ago. D e v e l o p m e n t o f Life Bacteria appear about 3 . 5 b i l l i o n y e a r s ago. Soft-bodied, multi- cellular organisms develop l a t e i n t h e Precambrian. First mass extinction probably occurs near the e n d o f the Precambrian. Jellyfish-like animal Cambrian 544-505 million years ago Shallow seas cover much o f t h e land. Ancient continents lie n e a r o r s o u t h of the equator. Ordovician 505-438 million years ago Warm, shallow seas cover much of Earth. Ice cap covers what is now N o r t h A f r i c a . Silurian 438-408 million years ago Coral reefs develop. Early continents collide with what is now North America, forming mountains. Great "explosion" of invertebrate life occurs in seas. Invertebrates with shells appear, i n c l u d i n g t r i l o b i t e s and mollusks. Invertebrates dominate the oceans. r\ Early vertebrates— jawless fish—become common. Eurypterid Fish with jaws develop. Land plants appear. Insects and spiders appear. 1 V Arachnid

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Page 1: Figure 22 Geologic History - Burnet Middle Schoolburnet.twpunionschools.org/subsites/cmassotto... · America separates from Africa and South America. Development of Life • Age of

Figure 22 Geologic History

Precambrian Time 4 . 6 b i l l i o n - 5 4 4 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

Paleozoic Era 5 4 4 - 2 4 5 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

G e o l o g i c E v e n t s • E a r t h f o r m s a b o u t

4 . 6 b i l l i o n y e a r s a g o . • O c e a n s f o r m a n d

c o v e r E a r t h a b o u t 4 b i l l i o n y e a r s a g o .

• F i r s t s e d i m e n t a r y r o c k s f o r m a b o u t 4 b i l l i o n y e a r s a g o .

D e v e l o p m e n t o f L i f e • B a c t e r i a a p p e a r a b o u t

3 . 5 b i l l i o n y e a r s a g o . • S o f t - b o d i e d , m u l t i ­

c e l l u l a r o r g a n i s m s d e v e l o p l a t e i n t h e P r e c a m b r i a n .

• F i r s t m a s s e x t i n c t i o n p r o b a b l y o c c u r s n e a r t h e e n d o f t h e P r e c a m b r i a n .

J e l l y f i s h - l i k e a n i m a l

C a m b r i a n

5 4 4 - 5 0 5 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

• S h a l l o w s e a s c o v e r m u c h o f t h e l a n d .

• A n c i e n t c o n t i n e n t s l i e n e a r o r s o u t h o f t h e e q u a t o r .

O r d o v i c i a n

5 0 5 - 4 3 8 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

W a r m , s h a l l o w s e a s c o v e r m u c h o f E a r t h . I c e c a p c o v e r s w h a t is n o w N o r t h A f r i c a .

S i l u r i a n

4 3 8 - 4 0 8 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

• C o r a l r e e f s d e v e l o p . • E a r l y c o n t i n e n t s

c o l l i d e w i t h w h a t is n o w N o r t h A m e r i c a , f o r m i n g m o u n t a i n s .

• G r e a t " e x p l o s i o n " o f i n v e r t e b r a t e l i f e o c c u r s i n s e a s .

• I n v e r t e b r a t e s w i t h s h e l l s a p p e a r , i n c l u d i n g t r i l o b i t e s a n d m o l l u s k s .

• I n v e r t e b r a t e s d o m i n a t e t h e o c e a n s . r\

• E a r l y v e r t e b r a t e s — j a w l e s s f i s h — b e c o m e c o m m o n .

E u r y p t e r i d

• F i s h w i t h j a w s d e v e l o p .

• L a n d p l a n t s a p p e a r . • I n s e c t s a n d s p i d e r s

a p p e a r . 1

V A r a c h n i d

Page 2: Figure 22 Geologic History - Burnet Middle Schoolburnet.twpunionschools.org/subsites/cmassotto... · America separates from Africa and South America. Development of Life • Age of

Paleozoic Era 5 4 4 - 2 4 5 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

D e v o n i a n

4 0 8 - 3 6 0 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

C a r b o n i f e r o u s 3 6 0 - 2 8 6 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

G e o l o g i c E v e n t s • S e a s r i s e a n d f a l l o v e r

w h a t is n o w N o r t h A m e r i c a .

M i s s i s s i p p i a n 3 6 0 - 3 2 0 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

• A p p a l a c h i a n M o u n t a i n s b e g i n t o f o r m .

• N o r t h A m e r i c a a n d N o r t h e r n E u r o p e l i e i n w a r m , t r o p i c a l r e g i o n .

D e v e l o p m e n t o f L i f e • A g e o f F i s h e s b e g i n s

as s h a r k s a n d f i s h w i t h s c a l e s a n d b o n y s k e l e t o n s b e c o m e c o m m o n .

• T r i l o b i t e s a n d c o r a l s f l o u r i s h i n t h e o c e a n s .

• L u n g f i s h d e v e l o p . • F i r s t a m p h i b i a n s

r e a c h l a n d .

D e v o n i a n f o r e s t

• G r e a t s w a m p f o r e s t s o f h u g e , w o o d y t r e e s c o v e r e a s t e r n N o r t h A m e r i c a a n d p a r t s o f E u r o p e .

• F i r s t t r u e r e p t i l e s a p p e a r .

• W i n g e d i n s e c t s a p p e a r .

m C o c k r o a c h

P e n n s y l v a n i a n 3 2 0 - 2 8 6 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

D r a g o n f l y

C o a l f o r e s t

P e r m i a n

2 8 6 - 2 4 5 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

• D e s e r t s b e c o m e l a r g e r i n t r o p i c a l r e g i o n s .

• T h e s u p e r c o n t i n e n t P a n g a e a f o r m s a s a l l c o n t i n e n t s j o i n t o g e t h e r .

• R e p t i l e s b e c o m e d o m i n a n t o n l a n d .

• W a r m - b l o o d e d r e p t i l e s a p p e a r .

• M a s s e x t i n c t i o n o f m a n y m a r i n e i n v e r ­t e b r a t e s , i n c l u d i n g t r i l o b i t e s .

Dimetrodon

C o n i f e r A m p h i b i a n

Page 3: Figure 22 Geologic History - Burnet Middle Schoolburnet.twpunionschools.org/subsites/cmassotto... · America separates from Africa and South America. Development of Life • Age of

Figure 22 Geologic History

Mesozoic Era 2 4 5 - 6 6 m i l l i o n y

2 4 5 - 2 0 8 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

G e o l o g i c E v e n t s • P a n g a e a h o l d s t o g e t h e r f o r m u c h

o f t h e T r i a s s i c . • H o t , d r y c o n d i t i o n s d o m i n a t e t h e

c e n t e r o f P a n g a e a .

J u r a s s i c

2 0 8 - 1 4 4 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

• P a n g a e a b r e a k s a p a r t a s N o r t h A m e r i c a s e p a r a t e s f r o m A f r i c a a n d S o u t h A m e r i c a .

D e v e l o p m e n t o f L i f e • A g e o f R e p t i l e s b e g i n s . • F i r s t d i n o s a u r s a p p e a r . • F i r s t m a m m a l s , w h i c h e v o l v e Morganucodon

f r o m w a r m - b l o o d e d r e p t i l e s , a p p e a r . • F i r s t t u r t l e s a n d c r o c o d i l e s a p p e a r . • C o n i f e r s , p a l m l i k e t r e e s , a n d g i n k g o t r e e s

d o m i n a t e f o r e s t s .

Archaeopteryx • L a r g e s t d i n o s a u r s t h r i v e , i n c l u d i n g

Stegosaurus, Diplodocus, a n d Apatosaurus. • F i r s t b i r d s a p p e a r . • F i r s t f l y i n g r e p t i l e s , p t e r o s a u r s ,

a p p e a r .

Diplodocus

Megazostrodon

Page 4: Figure 22 Geologic History - Burnet Middle Schoolburnet.twpunionschools.org/subsites/cmassotto... · America separates from Africa and South America. Development of Life • Age of

Mesozoic Era 2 4 5 - 6 6 m i l l i o n y e a r s a

E e t a c e o u s

i g o 6 6 m i m e

T e r t i a r y

Cenozoic Era 6 6 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o t o p r e s e n t

1 4 4 - 6 6 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

G e o l o g i c E v e n t s • C o n t i n e n t s m o v e t o w a r d

t h e i r p r e s e n t - d a y p o s i t i o n s , as S o u t h A m e r i c a s p l i t s f r o m A f r i c a .

• W i d e s p r e a d v o l c a n i c a c t i v i t y o c c u r s .

6 6 - 1 . 8 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o

• T h e R o c k y M o u n t a i n s a n d H i m a l a y a s f o r m .

• C o n t i n e n t s c o n t i n u e t o m o v e i n t o p r e s e n t - d a y p o s i t i o n s .

• C o n t i n e n t a l g l a c i e r c o v e r s A n t a r t i c a .

Q u a t e r n a r y

1.8 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o t o t h e p r e s e n t

• T h i c k g l a c i e r s a d v a n c e a n d r e t r e a t o v e r m u c h o f N o r t h A m e r i c a a n d E u r o p e , p a r t s o f S o u t h A m e r i c a a n d A s i a , a n d a l l o f A n t a r c t i c a .

D e v e l o p m e n t o f L i f e • F i r s t f l o w e r i n g p l a n t s a p p e a r . • D i n o s a u r s , i n c l u d i n g

Tyrannosaurus rex, d o m i n a t e . • F i r s t s n a k e s a p p e a r . • M a s s e x t i n c t i o n a t e n d o f

p e r i o d c a u s e s d i s a p p e a r a n c e o f m a n y l a n d a n d m a r i n e l i f e f o r m s , i n c l u d i n g d i n o s a u r s .

M a g n o l i a

• F l o w e r i n g p l a n t s t h r i v e . • F i r s t g r a s s e s a p p e a r . • A g e o f M a m m a l s b e g i n s . • M o d e r n g r o u p s s u c h as

h o r s e s , e l e p h a n t s , b e a r s , r o d e n t s , a n d p r i m a t e s a p p e a r .

• A n c e s t o r s o f h u m a n s e v o l v e .

• M a m m a l s , f l o w e r i n g p l a n t s , a n d i n s e c t s d o m i n a t e l a n d .

• M o d e r n h u m a n s e v o l v e i n A f r i c a a b o u t 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 y e a r s a g o .

• G i a n t m a m m a l s o f N o r t h A m e r i c a a n d E u r a s i a b e c o m e e x t i n c t w h e n t h e c e A g e e n d s a b o u t 1 0 , 0 0 0

y e a r s a g o .

4.4^ Tyrannosaurus

C r e o d o n t s Hyracotherium Homo sapiens