figure 1 european works councils multinationals database, oct. 2002european trade union institute...
TRANSCRIPT
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 1Pioneering EWCs based on a formal Pioneering EWCs based on a formal agreement or not agreement or not
(by year of signature)(by year of signature)
Pioneering EWCs based on a formal Pioneering EWCs based on a formal agreement or not agreement or not
(by year of signature)(by year of signature)
2 7 10 1222
2 2
2
3
3
110
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1983 1985 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
EWCs by agreement other EWCs
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 2
1985-1991 EWCs based on a formal 1985-1991 EWCs based on a formal agreement or not agreement or not 1985-1991 EWCs based on a formal 1985-1991 EWCs based on a formal agreement or not agreement or not
2
11
2
1
1 1
1
1
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
1983 1985 1988 1989 1990 1991
employee initiativemanagement initiativeexchange of letters or other more informal arrangementEWC by agreement
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 3
1992-1994 EWCs based on a formal 1992-1994 EWCs based on a formal agreement or notagreement or not1992-1994 EWCs based on a formal 1992-1994 EWCs based on a formal agreement or notagreement or not
3
710
124
2
21
2
12
3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1983-1991 1992 1993 1994
employee initiativemanagement initiativeexchange of letters or other more informal arrangementEWC by agreement
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 4Pioneering EWCs based on a formal Pioneering EWCs based on a formal agreement or not agreement or not
(by country of ownership)(by country of ownership)
Pioneering EWCs based on a formal Pioneering EWCs based on a formal agreement or not agreement or not
(by country of ownership)(by country of ownership)
12
9
1 2 1 1 1
5
3 1 11
5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
FR DE UK SE DK FI NO IT CH
other EWCs
EWCs by agreement
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 5
Agreement-based EWCs mostly in metal Agreement-based EWCs mostly in metal sector and in chemicals sectorsector and in chemicals sectorAgreement-based EWCs mostly in metal Agreement-based EWCs mostly in metal sector and in chemicals sectorsector and in chemicals sector
Transport3%
Public service3%
Building & woodwork
3%
Chemicals28%
Metal46%
Services17%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 6
Pre-Directive EWCs not based on Pre-Directive EWCs not based on formal social partner agreementformal social partner agreementPre-Directive EWCs not based on Pre-Directive EWCs not based on formal social partner agreementformal social partner agreement
Transport13%
Food19%
Chemicals37%
Metal18%
Services13%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 7
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 20020
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
AA growing number of EWC growing number of EWCssAA growing number of EWC growing number of EWCss
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 8
150150
(+)(+)
150150
(+)(+)
10001000(+)(+)
Companies covered by DirectiveCompanies covered by DirectiveCompanies covered by DirectiveCompanies covered by Directive
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 9
Criteria for Criteria for determinationdetermination
Controlling undertakingControlling undertakingControlling undertakingControlling undertaking
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 10Start negotiations on creation of EWC by Start negotiations on creation of EWC by establishing an SNBestablishing an SNBStart negotiations on creation of EWC by Start negotiations on creation of EWC by establishing an SNBestablishing an SNB
Written request to start negotiations
100100
(+)(+)
ExpertsExperts
No! No!
22//33
Special Special NegotiatioNegotiatio
n n BodyBody
SNBSNBCentralCentral managemenmanagemen
tt
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 11
Issues of Company AgreementsIssues of Company AgreementsIssues of Company AgreementsIssues of Company Agreements
2 x
Undertakings Undertakings concernedconcerned
CompositionComposition of EWCEWC
InformationInformation & & consultationconsultation
Venue, frequency Venue, frequency & duration of & duration of
meetingsmeetings
Financial and Financial and material material
resourcesresources
Duration of Duration of agreementagreement
SNBSNB
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 12The implementation of sThe implementation of subsidiary ubsidiary requirementsrequirementsThe implementation of sThe implementation of subsidiary ubsidiary requirementsrequirements
6 months6 months3 years3 years
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 13
Subsidiary Subsidiary requirementsrequirementsSubsidiary Subsidiary requirementsrequirements
One annual One annual meetingmeeting
Appointment ofAppointment of membersmembers
Information & Information & consultationconsultation
Extraordinary Extraordinary meetingsmeetings
Internal preparatory Internal preparatory meetingmeeting
ExpertsExperts
Financial & material Financial & material resourcesresources
extra
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 14Information & consultation rights Information & consultation rights (Subsidiary r(Subsidiary requirementequirements)s)Information & consultation rights Information & consultation rights (Subsidiary r(Subsidiary requirementequirements)s)
Structure of Structure of undertakinundertakin
gg
Trend of Trend of employmenemploymen
tt
Cut-backs or Cut-backs or closuresclosures
Economic & Economic & financial financial
situation and situation and trendstrends
New working New working methodsmethods
Organisational Organisational changeschanges
Investment plansInvestment plans
€€€€
Transfer of Transfer of productionproduction
Collective Collective redundanciesredundancies
€
Development of Development of business, business,
production and production and salessales
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 15
Most EWCs set up based on Article 13 of the Most EWCs set up based on Article 13 of the DirectiveDirectiveMost EWCs set up based on Article 13 of the Most EWCs set up based on Article 13 of the DirectiveDirective
Art. 1367%
Art. 633%
Subsidiary requirements
0%
Three EWC typesThree EWC types• Art 13 – before 22-09-96Art 13 – before 22-09-96• Art 6 - negotiated by SNBArt 6 - negotiated by SNB• If negotiations fail: subsidiary requirements (annex)If negotiations fail: subsidiary requirements (annex)
Three EWC typesThree EWC types• Art 13 – before 22-09-96Art 13 – before 22-09-96• Art 6 - negotiated by SNBArt 6 - negotiated by SNB• If negotiations fail: subsidiary requirements (annex)If negotiations fail: subsidiary requirements (annex)
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 16
Transposition processTransposition processTransposition processTransposition process
22-09-199422-09-1994
22-09-199622-09-1996
SNBSNB
Article 13 Article 13 agreementsagreements
Article 6 Article 6 agreementsagreements
15-12-199715-12-1997
National National transpositiontransposition
ss UK UK extensionextension
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 17
US multinationals are governed mostly by US multinationals are governed mostly by Belgian and French transposition lawBelgian and French transposition lawss US multinationals are governed mostly by US multinationals are governed mostly by Belgian and French transposition lawBelgian and French transposition lawss
French 18%
Belgian 29%
Other13%
German8%
Irish9%
Dutch9%
UK14%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 18
UK multinationals are governed mostly by UK multinationals are governed mostly by Irish transposition lawIrish transposition lawUK multinationals are governed mostly by UK multinationals are governed mostly by Irish transposition lawIrish transposition law
German17%
Irish 44%
Belgian13%
French13%
Dutch13%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 19
Swiss multinationals are governed mostly Swiss multinationals are governed mostly by German transposition lawby German transposition law Swiss multinationals are governed mostly Swiss multinationals are governed mostly by German transposition lawby German transposition law
Belgian29%
German 50%
Austrian7%
French7%
Dutch7%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 20
Japanese multinationals are governed Japanese multinationals are governed mostly by UK transposition lawmostly by UK transposition law Japanese multinationals are governed Japanese multinationals are governed mostly by UK transposition lawmostly by UK transposition law
Belgian27%
UK40%
German13%
Irish13%
Dutch7%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 21
Percentage of EWCs governed by different Percentage of EWCs governed by different national transpositions national transpositions Percentage of EWCs governed by different Percentage of EWCs governed by different national transpositions national transpositions
German 26%
French14%
UK13%
Belgian13%
Dutch9%
Swedish7%
Italian5%
Other13%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 22Companies affected by DirectivesCompanies affected by Directives 94/45/EC94/45/EC andand 97/74/EC97/74/EC
(by country of ownership)(by country of ownership)
Companies affected by DirectivesCompanies affected by Directives 94/45/EC94/45/EC andand 97/74/EC97/74/EC
(by country of ownership)(by country of ownership)
4 719
38 39 40 47 53 57 57
100122
185
232
95
8 15
49
286
1443 47 65 93 100 101
398
2 213372019205142 3 214 280
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
Lu/Li PT NO ES AT IE FI DK BE IT SE NL FR UK DE CH AU CA JP US other(*)
number of affected multinationals
number of affected multinationals having an EWC
*(Bahrain, Kuwait, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea)
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 23
Number of countries in EEA in which Number of countries in EEA in which multinationals have establishmentsmultinationals have establishments
((% of % of MNCs affected by the Directive)MNCs affected by the Directive)
Number of countries in EEA in which Number of countries in EEA in which multinationals have establishmentsmultinationals have establishments
((% of % of MNCs affected by the Directive)MNCs affected by the Directive)
10 or more12%9
4%
316%
224%
86%
414%
510%
68%
76%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 24
EEA countries hosting activities of EEA countries hosting activities of multinationals multinationals EEA countries hosting activities of EEA countries hosting activities of multinationals multinationals
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DE UK FR NL ES BE IT SE AT PT DK IE NO FI GR LU IS LI
% of MNCs affected by the Directive
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 25
Number of affected companies having Number of affected companies having operations in the EEA member statesoperations in the EEA member statesNumber of affected companies having Number of affected companies having operations in the EEA member statesoperations in the EEA member states
209262
322 350 366
703 739802 823
1164 1200
1426
132 152
328 350 346 370472 479
530
136
480445
10264
227219176174
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
LU FI NO IE DK PT SE AT IT BE NL ES FR UK DE
number of affected MNCs operating in EEA countriesMNCs that have set up an EWC
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 26
Of 1865 covered companies 639 now have one Of 1865 covered companies 639 now have one or more EWCs, 1226 still have to set up an or more EWCs, 1226 still have to set up an EWCEWC
Of 1865 covered companies 639 now have one Of 1865 covered companies 639 now have one or more EWCs, 1226 still have to set up an or more EWCs, 1226 still have to set up an EWCEWC
639 companies with an EWC
34%
1226 covered companies
without an EWC66%
around one third of the covered companies have an around one third of the covered companies have an EWCEWC
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 27
17.1 million workers in 1865 covered 17.1 million workers in 1865 covered companiescompanies(±10% of all workers in the European Union)(±10% of all workers in the European Union)
17.1 million workers in 1865 covered 17.1 million workers in 1865 covered companiescompanies(±10% of all workers in the European Union)(±10% of all workers in the European Union)
workers represented in an
EWC66%
workers from companies
affected by the EWC Directive
that still have to set up an EWC
34%
11.2 million workers are now represented in 11.2 million workers are now represented in an EWCan EWC
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 28
Compliance with EWC Directive higher Compliance with EWC Directive higher among larger companiesamong larger companiesCompliance with EWC Directive higher Compliance with EWC Directive higher among larger companiesamong larger companies
288 111 240
262
363
1240
42,4
23,2
66,1
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
small (<5,000 empl.)
medium (between 5,000 and
10,000 empl.)
large (>10,000 empl.)
05101520253035404550556065
number ofcompaniesaffected by theEWC Directive
number ofcompanies havingan EWC
% of affected companies with an EWC
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 29
Proportion of large MNCs covered by Directive Proportion of large MNCs covered by Directive
by country of ownershipby country of ownership
Proportion of large MNCs covered by Directive Proportion of large MNCs covered by Directive
by country of ownershipby country of ownership
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
AT PT LU IE NO BE IT DK FI ES SE NL FR DE UK LI CH AU JP US CA (*)other
overall
small companies (< 5,000 empl. in EEA)medium companies (between 5,000 and 10,000 empl. in EEA)large companies (> 10,000 empl. in EEA)
*(Bahrain, Kuwait, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea)
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 30Proportion of large MNCs covered by Directive Proportion of large MNCs covered by Directive
by sector of activityby sector of activity
Proportion of large MNCs covered by Directive Proportion of large MNCs covered by Directive
by sector of activityby sector of activity
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Textile Metal Buildingand
woodwork
Chemicals Food,hotel,
catering
Transport Services Publicservices
Overall
small companies (< 5,000 empl. in EEA)
medium companies (between 5,000 and 10,000 empl. in EEA)
large companies (> 10,000 empl. in EEA)
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 31
Companies Companies covered by Directivecovered by Directivess 94/45/EC94/45/EC andand 97/74/EC97/74/EC
(by sector of activity)(by sector of activity)
Companies Companies covered by Directivecovered by Directivess 94/45/EC94/45/EC andand 97/74/EC97/74/EC
(by sector of activity)(by sector of activity)
79 98
208235
451
88 81
199
261227
667 684
13 6 21310
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Publicservices
Transport Textile Building &woodwork
Food,hotel,
catering
Chemicals Metal Services
covered companies having an EWC
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 32
The concentration of the EEA workforce The concentration of the EEA workforce in one countryin one countryThe concentration of the EEA workforce The concentration of the EEA workforce in one countryin one country
% of multinationals covered by the Directive
very high concentration
(more than 90%)
high concentration (between 70 and
90%)
low concentration (below 50%)
medium concentration
(between 50 and 70%)27%
25%
27%
34%
14%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 33
The concentration of the EEA workforce The concentration of the EEA workforce in one country for companies with an EWCin one country for companies with an EWCThe concentration of the EEA workforce The concentration of the EEA workforce in one country for companies with an EWCin one country for companies with an EWC
% of multinationals with an EWC
very high concentration
(more than 90%)
high concentration (between 70 and
90%)
low concentration (below 50%)
medium concentration
(between 50 and 70%)
12%
34%
28%
26%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 34
Degree of internationalisation and Degree of internationalisation and compliance compliance rate of multinationals rate of multinationals withwith the Directive the DirectiveDegree of internationalisation and Degree of internationalisation and compliance compliance rate of multinationals rate of multinationals withwith the Directive the Directive
301
247
154
105
219
60 66 75 58 66 52 54 49
136
187
11079
424
62
14,2 21,930,4 31
42,949,5 49,1
62
0
100
200
300
400
500
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ormore
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
number of covered multinationalscovered multinationals with an EWC
countries of operation in EEA
% of total covered companies having set up an EWC
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 35
Degree of internationalisation and Degree of internationalisation and compliance compliance rate of multinationals rate of multinationals withwith the Directive the Directive(by size (by size of MNC)of MNC)
Degree of internationalisation and Degree of internationalisation and compliance compliance rate of multinationals rate of multinationals withwith the Directive the Directive(by size (by size of MNC)of MNC)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ormore
large companies (>= 10,000 empl. in EEA)medium companies (between 5,000 and 10,000 empl. in EEA)small companies (< 5,000 empl. in EEA)
countries of operation in EEA
% of total covered com-panies having set up an EWC
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 36
599
479440
158 168
252
72
199
45,235,1
26,428,6
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
very high (morethan 90%)
high (between 70and 90%)
medium (between50 and 70%)
low (below 50%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
covered companiescompanies with an EWC
workforce concentration in one country
% of covered companies having set up an EWC
Workforce concentration and Workforce concentration and compliance rate compliance rate of multinationals of multinationals withwith the Directive the Directive Workforce concentration and Workforce concentration and compliance rate compliance rate of multinationals of multinationals withwith the Directive the Directive
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 37
6573,6
79,5
42,6
24,6
3843,1
63,5
32,425,8
15,117,80
102030405060708090
100
very high (morethan 90%)
high (between 70and 90%)
medium (between50 and 70%)
low (below 50%)
large companies (>=10000 empl. in EEA)
medium companies (>=5000 and < 10000 empl. in EEA)small companies (<5000 empl. in EEA)
workforce concentration in one country
% of total covered com-panies having set up an EWC
Workforce concentration and Workforce concentration and compliance rate compliance rate of multinationals of multinationals withwith the Directive the Directive (by size of (by size of MNC)MNC)
Workforce concentration and Workforce concentration and compliance rate compliance rate of multinationals of multinationals withwith the Directive the Directive (by size of (by size of MNC)MNC)
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 38
MNCs confronted with transnational mergers MNCs confronted with transnational mergers and acquisitions between1999 and 2001and acquisitions between1999 and 2001MNCs confronted with transnational mergers MNCs confronted with transnational mergers and acquisitions between1999 and 2001and acquisitions between1999 and 2001
639
215
1226
141
34
12
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
MNCs affected by the EWC Directive withoutan EWC
MNCs with an EWC
0
10
20
30
40
50all companies
confronted with a transnational M&A
% confronted with a transnational M&A
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 39
Sectors and transnational mergers and Sectors and transnational mergers and acquisitionsacquisitions
(peak groups engaged in a merger between 1999 and 2001)(peak groups engaged in a merger between 1999 and 2001)
Sectors and transnational mergers and Sectors and transnational mergers and acquisitionsacquisitions
(peak groups engaged in a merger between 1999 and 2001)(peak groups engaged in a merger between 1999 and 2001)
145
107
166
42 43
98
76
99
25 29
3177 363
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Metal Chemicals Services Food, hotel,catering
Building &woodwork
Textile Transport Publicservices
companies covered by the Directive
covered by the Directive and having an EWC
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 40
Companies that have an EWC and engaged Companies that have an EWC and engaged in a transnational merger between 1999 in a transnational merger between 1999 and 2001and 2001
Companies that have an EWC and engaged Companies that have an EWC and engaged in a transnational merger between 1999 in a transnational merger between 1999 and 2001and 2001
34.2
46.3
22.9
0
200
400
600
800
1000
small (< 5,000empl.)
medium (between5,000 and 10,000
empl.)
large (> 10,000empl.)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
% engaged in a merger
all MNCs with an EWC
MNCs with an EWCengaged in a merger1999-2001
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 41
Companies that still have to Companies that still have to set up set up an EWCan EWC and and engaged in a transnational merger engaged in a transnational merger between between 1999 1999 andand 2001 2001
Companies that still have to Companies that still have to set up set up an EWCan EWC and and engaged in a transnational merger engaged in a transnational merger between between 1999 1999 andand 2001 2001
15.2
28.5
8.7
0
200
400
600
800
1000
small (< 5,000empl.)
medium (between5,000 and 10,000
empl.)
large (> 10,000empl.)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
% engaged in a merger
all MNCs without EWC
MNCs without EWCengaged in a merger1999-2001
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 42
Year of signature of agreements Year of signature of agreements establishing EWCs establishing EWCs Year of signature of agreements Year of signature of agreements establishing EWCs establishing EWCs
1020
6040
6070
4932
20
21
21
322
9
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
new EWCs renegotiated EWC agreements
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 43
EWC agreements word count by year of EWC agreements word count by year of signaturesignatureEWC agreements word count by year of EWC agreements word count by year of signaturesignature
802 728 811
1218
2057
2350 23862290
2757
1252 1269
1728
950
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
average words per agreement
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 44
Within 639 different companies 739 EWCs are Within 639 different companies 739 EWCs are established on the basis of 811 EWC established on the basis of 811 EWC agreements agreements
Within 639 different companies 739 EWCs are Within 639 different companies 739 EWCs are established on the basis of 811 EWC established on the basis of 811 EWC agreements agreements
639
739
811
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
agreements European Works Councilsbased upon one or
successive agreement(s)
peak companies havingestablished one or more
EWCs
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 45
Several EWC agreements are open Several EWC agreements are open for re-negotiation or renewal after four for re-negotiation or renewal after four yearsyears
Several EWC agreements are open Several EWC agreements are open for re-negotiation or renewal after four for re-negotiation or renewal after four yearsyears
after 2 years6%
after one year4%
after 4 years16%
after 5 years or more
7%
no time indication for
the opening of renegotiations
67%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 46
Percentage of new and Percentage of new and renegotiated EWC agreementsrenegotiated EWC agreementsPercentage of new and Percentage of new and renegotiated EWC agreementsrenegotiated EWC agreements
8778 73
60
1322 27
40
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
1998 1999 2000 2001
% renegotiated EWCagreements
% agreementscreating new EWCs
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 47
64 EWCs are based upon 64 EWCs are based upon more than one successive agreementmore than one successive agreement64 EWCs are based upon 64 EWCs are based upon more than one successive agreementmore than one successive agreement
64 EWCs have more than one
agreement9%
675 EWCs based on one
agreement 91%
the ETUI European Works Councils Multinationals database 2002 contains 811 EWC the ETUI European Works Councils Multinationals database 2002 contains 811 EWC agreements for 739 EWCs in 635 different MNCsagreements for 739 EWCs in 635 different MNCs
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 48
55 Multinational companies (8%) have 55 Multinational companies (8%) have more than one EWCmore than one EWC55 Multinational companies (8%) have 55 Multinational companies (8%) have more than one EWCmore than one EWC
55 MNCs have more than one
EWC8%
608 MNCs have one EWC
92%
the ETUI European Works Councils Multinationals database 2002 contains 811 EWC the ETUI European Works Councils Multinationals database 2002 contains 811 EWC agreements for 739 EWCs in 635 different MNCsagreements for 739 EWCs in 635 different MNCs
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 49
Composition of the EWCComposition of the EWCemployee-only or joint bodiesemployee-only or joint bodiesComposition of the EWCComposition of the EWCemployee-only or joint bodiesemployee-only or joint bodies
Employee only (German
model)37%
Joint body (French model)
63%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 50
Composition of the EWC by country of Composition of the EWC by country of ownership of the MNC – employee-only or ownership of the MNC – employee-only or joint bodiesjoint bodies
Composition of the EWC by country of Composition of the EWC by country of ownership of the MNC – employee-only or ownership of the MNC – employee-only or joint bodiesjoint bodies
2
34
13 12
29
1823
62 63
15
60
25
8
87
25
13 14 8 51199
29
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
AT DE NL IT SE-NO-DK
CH BE US UK JP FR other
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
joint bodies (French model)employee- only (German model)
% employee-only
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 51
Employer or employee representative Employer or employee representative chairing the EWCchairing the EWCEmployer or employee representative Employer or employee representative chairing the EWCchairing the EWC
co-chairing of worker and employer
4%
by turns3%
not foreseen in agreement
15%
employee34%
employer44%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 52
EWC chaired by employer or workforce EWC chaired by employer or workforce representativerepresentative (by country of ownership MNC)(by country of ownership MNC)
EWC chaired by employer or workforce EWC chaired by employer or workforce representativerepresentative (by country of ownership MNC)(by country of ownership MNC)
94
23 2025
1016 17
13
49
7 2278 8
53
4445
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DE SE-NO-DK
NL CH other US UK JP FR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
worker chair
employer chair
% of EWCs with worker chair
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 53
AuthoritAuthoritatative language of EWC agreementsive language of EWC agreementsAuthoritAuthoritatative language of EWC agreementsive language of EWC agreements
German28%
English43%
French15%
other14%
202 of 469 EWC agreements refer to the English version of 202 of 469 EWC agreements refer to the English version of the agreement as authoritative the agreement as authoritative
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 54
EWC agreements providing for language EWC agreements providing for language trainingtraining (by year of signature)(by year of signature)
EWC agreements providing for language EWC agreements providing for language trainingtraining (by year of signature)(by year of signature)
9
52
33
21
30
24
14
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
before 1996 1996 1997-1999 2000-2001
0
10
20
30
% of agreements that provide for language training
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 55
EWC agreements signed by one or more EWC agreements signed by one or more European industry federationsEuropean industry federations (by size of MNC)(by size of MNC)
EWC agreements signed by one or more EWC agreements signed by one or more European industry federationsEuropean industry federations (by size of MNC)(by size of MNC)
26
39
30
0
10
20
30
40
50
all EWC agreements EWC agreements forMNCs with less than
10,000 workers
EWC agreements forMNCs with more
than 10,000 workers
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 56
Proportion of EWCs for which support and Proportion of EWCs for which support and training is co-ordinated by the respective training is co-ordinated by the respective EIFsEIFs
Proportion of EWCs for which support and Proportion of EWCs for which support and training is co-ordinated by the respective training is co-ordinated by the respective EIFsEIFs
ETUF-TCL
EFBWW
EFFAT
EMCEF
ETF
EMF
UNI Europe
EPSU
ETUF-TCL
EFBWW
EFFAT
EMCEF
ETF
EMF
UNI Europe
EPSU
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 57
EWC agreements signed by European EWC agreements signed by European industry federations industry federations (by EIF and by MNC size)(by EIF and by MNC size)
EWC agreements signed by European EWC agreements signed by European industry federations industry federations (by EIF and by MNC size)(by EIF and by MNC size)
13 15 17
6 93
2513 11
2
14
11
41 1
0
10
20
30
40
EMF EMCEF UNI-Europa
EFFAT EFBWW ETUF-TCL
ETF EFJ
EWC agreements in companies with less than 10, 000 workersEWC agreements in companies with more than 10, 000 workers
proportion of companies in each sector
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 58
EWC agreements signed by European EWC agreements signed by European industry federations industry federations (by country of ownership of (by country of ownership of the MNC)the MNC)
EWC agreements signed by European EWC agreements signed by European industry federations industry federations (by country of ownership of (by country of ownership of the MNC)the MNC)
10 3 12 8
35
49
27
11
24
4749
3635
30
212016
9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DE JP SE-NO-DK
NL US CH UK FR other
0
10
20
30
40
50
% signed by European industry federation
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 59
Size of the European works councilsSize of the European works councilsSize of the European works councilsSize of the European works councils
61
102
79
110106
22
4651
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
<10 10 to 14 15 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 >=35 unknown
EWCs with this size
members
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 60
Proportion of large and small European Proportion of large and small European works councils works councils (size in EWC members)(size in EWC members)
Proportion of large and small European Proportion of large and small European works councils works councils (size in EWC members)(size in EWC members)
10 to 1945%
< 1013%
20 to 2928%
30 and more14%
Almost half of the EWCs have 10 to 20 members Almost half of the EWCs have 10 to 20 members
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 61
Proportion of large EWCs greater in Proportion of large EWCs greater in companies with more than 10,000 workerscompanies with more than 10,000 workersProportion of large EWCs greater in Proportion of large EWCs greater in companies with more than 10,000 workerscompanies with more than 10,000 workers
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
small MNCs (<5,000 empl.in EEA)
medium MNCs (5,000 to10,000 empl. in EEA)
large MNCs (more than10,000 empl. in EEA)
EWC with less than 10 members EWC with 10 to 19 membersEWC with 20 to 29 members EWC with more than 30 members
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 62
Proportion of large EWCs greater in Proportion of large EWCs greater in companies with operations in more EEA companies with operations in more EEA countriescountries
Proportion of large EWCs greater in Proportion of large EWCs greater in companies with operations in more EEA companies with operations in more EEA countriescountries
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
operations in less than 5countries
operations in 5 to 9countries
operations in 10 or morecountries
EWC with less than 10 members EWC with 10 to 19 membersEWC with 20 to 29 members EWC with more than 30 members
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 63
agreements not providing for a
select committee
38%
agreements providing for a
select committee
62%
Proportion of agreements providing for a Proportion of agreements providing for a select committeeselect committeeProportion of agreements providing for a Proportion of agreements providing for a select committeeselect committee
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 64
Size of select committeeSize of select committeeSize of select committeeSize of select committee
3 members45%
2 members10%
4 members16%
5 or more members
29%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 65
Proportion of large select committees Proportion of large select committees greater in companies with more than greater in companies with more than 10,000 workers10,000 workers
Proportion of large select committees Proportion of large select committees greater in companies with more than greater in companies with more than 10,000 workers10,000 workers
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
small MNCs (<5,000 empl.in EEA)
medium MNCs (5,000 to10,000 empl. in EEA)
large MNCs (more than10,000 empl. in EEA)
2 or 3 members 4 members 5 or more members
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 66
Number of meetings Number of meetings provided for in the EWC agreementsprovided for in the EWC agreementsNumber of meetings Number of meetings provided for in the EWC agreementsprovided for in the EWC agreements
not foreseen or no info
5%
more than 2 meetings
2%
One meeting81%
2 meetings12%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 67
Number of EWC meetingsNumber of EWC meetingsby year of signature of the EWC agreementby year of signature of the EWC agreementNumber of EWC meetingsNumber of EWC meetingsby year of signature of the EWC agreementby year of signature of the EWC agreement
61
21
10
34
12 915
289
72
27
34
29
16
1011
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
before 1996 1996 1997-1998 1999 2000-2001
0
10
20
30
40
50
agreements providing for one meeting2 meetings or more
% with 2 or more meetings
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 68
More than one in four companies affected More than one in four companies affected by the EWC Directive has operations in EU by the EWC Directive has operations in EU applicant countriesapplicant countries
More than one in four companies affected More than one in four companies affected by the EWC Directive has operations in EU by the EWC Directive has operations in EU applicant countriesapplicant countries
Covered companies without subsidiaries in EU applicant countries
71%
Covered companies with
subsidiaries in EU applicant countries
29%547
1318
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 69
Multinationals having operations in EU Multinationals having operations in EU applicant countriesapplicant countries
(% of all MNCs affected by the Directive)(% of all MNCs affected by the Directive)
Multinationals having operations in EU Multinationals having operations in EU applicant countriesapplicant countries
(% of all MNCs affected by the Directive)(% of all MNCs affected by the Directive)
0,6 1,3 1,52,4 2,6
12,1
19,1
6,1
11,6
0,4
0
5
10
15
20
25
CY MT LT LV EE SI SK HU CZ PL
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 70
EEA countries hosting activities of EEA countries hosting activities of multinationalsmultinationalsEEA countries hosting activities of EEA countries hosting activities of multinationalsmultinationals
13
136 144209
262
366445 480
703 739802 823
11641200
1426
118 133 130174 172 207 236
314 302 308 332401 410
474322 350
5 82672 90
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
LI IS LU GR FI NO IE DK PT SE AT IT BE NL ES FR UK DE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
MNCs affected by the Directive
MNCs affected by the Directive, having anestablishment in EU applicant countries
% with an establishment in EU applicant
countries
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 71Companies covered by the EWC DirectiveCompanies covered by the EWC Directive with subsidiaries in EU applicant countrieswith subsidiaries in EU applicant countries
(by country of ownership)(by country of ownership)
Companies covered by the EWC DirectiveCompanies covered by the EWC Directive with subsidiaries in EU applicant countrieswith subsidiaries in EU applicant countries
(by country of ownership)(by country of ownership)
4 7
38 40 39 47
19
100122
185
232
286
95
8 15 1423 30 45 53 100
495757
53
398
22 92
72
1462533283 22 21 130
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
Lu/LiPT ES IE AT FI DK NO BE IT SE NL FR UK DE US CH AU JP CAother(*)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
number of covered multinationals
number of covered companies withsubsidiaries in EU applicant countries
% of covered multinationals having subsidiaries in EU applicatint countries
*(Bahrain, Kuwait, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea)
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 72
Size of companies having operations in Size of companies having operations in applicant countriesapplicant countriesSize of companies having operations in Size of companies having operations in applicant countriesapplicant countries
262
363
76
165
1240
266
46
2922
0
200
400
600
800
small MNCs(<5,000 empl. in
EEA)
medium MNCs(5,000 to 10,000
empl. in EEA)
large MNCs(>10,000 empl. in
EEA)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
All MNC covered bythe EWC Directive
All MNC covered bythe EWC Directivehaving operations inEU applicantcountries
% of covered companies with operations in applicant countries
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 73
Degree of internationalisation and proportion of Degree of internationalisation and proportion of multinationals having an establishment in CEEC multinationals having an establishment in CEEC
(by number of countries of operation)(by number of countries of operation)
Degree of internationalisation and proportion of Degree of internationalisation and proportion of multinationals having an establishment in CEEC multinationals having an establishment in CEEC
(by number of countries of operation)(by number of countries of operation)
302
247
188
105
219
48 46 62 45 53 45 54 40
142
423
79110
154
65
514943
34
2425
1511
0
100
200
300
400
500
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ormore
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
MNCs affected by the Directive
MNCs affected by the Directive,having an establishment in CEEC
% of MNCs affected by the Directive having an establishment in CEEC
countries of operation in EEA
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 74
European works councils within companies European works councils within companies that have operations in EU applicant that have operations in EU applicant countriescountries
European works councils within companies European works councils within companies that have operations in EU applicant that have operations in EU applicant countriescountries
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
total existing EWCsEWCs in companies with operations in EU applicant countries
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 75
Representation of Representation of EU applicant countryEU applicant country workers in multinational companiesworkers in multinational companiesRepresentation of Representation of EU applicant countryEU applicant country workers in multinational companiesworkers in multinational companies
EWC without CEEC represen-
tative44%
EWC with member or
observer from EU applicant
countries15%
MNC with subsidiary in EU
applicant countries but without EWC
41%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 76
Involvement of EU applicant country Involvement of EU applicant country representatives in EWCsrepresentatives in EWCsInvolvement of EU applicant country Involvement of EU applicant country representatives in EWCsrepresentatives in EWCs
206
117 114
5750 26 22 24 28 2223 16 2 3 6 4
20
28
12
18
21
10
2422
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
PL CZ HU SK EE SL RO BG
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
having an EWChaving a seat in the EWC
% of the EWCs in companies with operations in EU applicant countries that included
representatives from those countries
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 77
Multinationals affected by the DirectiveMultinationals affected by the Directive(by employment scale in EU applicant country)(by employment scale in EU applicant country)
Multinationals affected by the DirectiveMultinationals affected by the Directive(by employment scale in EU applicant country)(by employment scale in EU applicant country)
4248
72
89
17 19
29
4945
65
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
< 100 empl. in CEEC >= 100 and < 250empl. in CEEC
>= 250 and < 500empl. in CEEC
>= 500 and < 1,000empl. in CEEC
>= 1,000 empl. inCEEC
MNCs affected by the DirectiveMNCs affected by the Directive, having an EWC
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 78
Involvement of EU applicant country Involvement of EU applicant country representatives in EWCsrepresentatives in EWCs (by country of ownership (by country of ownership of MNC)of MNC)
Involvement of EU applicant country Involvement of EU applicant country representatives in EWCsrepresentatives in EWCs (by country of ownership (by country of ownership of MNC)of MNC)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Lu/Li ES IE AT FI NO BE SE NL UK DE IT FR DK CH JP US CA AU other(*)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
covered companies with an EWC havingoperations in EU applicant countries
covered companies with an establishment inapplicant countries and with an EWC having aseat for an applicant country rep
% with an EU applicant country representative in EWC
*(Bahrain, Kuwait, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa South Korea)
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 79
Involvement of EU applicant country Involvement of EU applicant country representatives in EWCsrepresentatives in EWCs (by employment scale in (by employment scale in EEA)EEA)
Involvement of EU applicant country Involvement of EU applicant country representatives in EWCsrepresentatives in EWCs (by employment scale in (by employment scale in EEA)EEA)
20 740
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
small (<5000 empl. in EEA) medium (between 5000 and10000 empl. in EEA)
large (>= 10000 empl. in EEA)
MNCs affected by the Directive with with an establishment in CEEC and with anEWCMNCs affected by the Directive with an establishment in CEEC and with an EWC+ with a seat for CEEC representative
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 80Multinationals affected by the Directive Multinationals affected by the Directive having operations in EU applicant having operations in EU applicant countries and in Polandcountries and in Poland
(by employment scale in EEA)(by employment scale in EEA)
Multinationals affected by the Directive Multinationals affected by the Directive having operations in EU applicant having operations in EU applicant countries and in Polandcountries and in Poland
(by employment scale in EEA)(by employment scale in EEA)
24,7 25,821,5
29,1
45,5
15,3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
small (<5000 empl. in EEA) medium (between 5000 and10000 empl. in EEA)
large (>= 10000 empl. in EEA)
% of total affected by the Directive, having an establishment in Poland% with an establishment in EU applicant countries
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 81
Multinationals having an establishment in EU Multinationals having an establishment in EU applicant countries and in Poland applicant countries and in Poland (by number of (by number of countries of operation in EEA)countries of operation in EEA)
Multinationals having an establishment in EU Multinationals having an establishment in EU applicant countries and in Poland applicant countries and in Poland (by number of (by number of countries of operation in EEA)countries of operation in EEA)
4662
45 45
142
32 2635
2334
24 30 29
116
53 5440
48
82
6757 57
51
64
53 56
73
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ormore
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
MNCs affected by the Directive, having anestablishment in EU applicant countriesMNCs affected by the Directive, having anestablishment in Poland
countries of operation in EEA
% having an establishment in PL
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 82
Size of Polish subsidiaries Size of Polish subsidiaries of multinationals covered by the EWC of multinationals covered by the EWC DirectiveDirective
Size of Polish subsidiaries Size of Polish subsidiaries of multinationals covered by the EWC of multinationals covered by the EWC DirectiveDirective
100 to 249 empl.32%
< 100 empl.4%
250 to 499 empl.24%
500 to 999 empl.22%
> 999 empl.18%
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 83
Polish involvement in EWCs Polish involvement in EWCs (by size of the Polish workforce)(by size of the Polish workforce)
Polish involvement in EWCs Polish involvement in EWCs (by size of the Polish workforce)(by size of the Polish workforce)
2
5
2
1
3 3
7
2
5
1
9
0
2
4
6
8
10
< 100 empl. 100-259 empl. 250-499 empl. 500-999 empl. >1000 empl.
one observer
one member
more than one
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 84
Type of Polish involvement in EWCsType of Polish involvement in EWCsType of Polish involvement in EWCsType of Polish involvement in EWCs
no info
more than one member or observer
one observer
one member
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 85
Type of Polish involvement in EWCsType of Polish involvement in EWCs(by size of the MNC)(by size of the MNC)
Type of Polish involvement in EWCsType of Polish involvement in EWCs(by size of the MNC)(by size of the MNC)
56
2
10
14
5
0
10
20
one Polish Observer in theEWC
one Polish EWCmember more than one Polish memberor observer
< 10,000 empl.
> 10.000 empl.
European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)
Figure 86
Type of Polish involvement in EWCsType of Polish involvement in EWCs(by country of ownership of MNC)(by country of ownership of MNC)
Type of Polish involvement in EWCsType of Polish involvement in EWCs(by country of ownership of MNC)(by country of ownership of MNC)
1 1
2
4
1
2
5
8
3
4
2
6
1
2
3
0
2
4
6
8
DE UK FR US SE-NO-DK CH NL other
Polish EWC observer(s)
Polish EWC members