Figure 1. MAHDIYA: The Great Mosque2. MAHDIYA: The Great Mosque mihrabFigure 3. MASHAD OF THE SHARIF TABATABA: plan4- MASHAD OF THE SHARIF TABATABA: pier mouldings5- MASHAD OF THE SHARIF TABATABA: reconstructed plan 6 MASHAD OF THE SHARIF TABATABA: reconstruction7. Ancient stucco mihrab: detail of ornament8. THE SECOND BAB AL-QANTARA 9. The Shari Taht ar-Rab' and neighbourhood 10. FATIMID CAIRO: showing position of the Walls of Gawhar (green), Badr al-Gamall (red) and Salah ad-Din (blue) 11. ALEPPO: Citadel, iron door at inner end of main gateway 12. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: shops, &c., outside north-western side before 189613 MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: shops, &c., outside south-western fa9ade before 190114. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: stucco ornament on north-western arcade of sanctuary16. SANCTA SOPHIA: decoration of spandrel .17. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: decoration of transept, apex of second arch to the right18. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: decoration at north end of fourth aisle from qibla wall .19. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: decoration at north end of third aisle from qibla wall .20. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: plan, showing the various periods . Jadn}21. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: proposed reconstruction of original mosque .22. FEZ: Mosque of the Qarawiyin, general view 23. OLD CAIRO: Qasr ash-Sham', masonry 24. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: north side of monumental entrance, geometrical ornament in left panel .25. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: ornament in panel on flank of monumental entrance .26. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: lesser entrance in north-western facade .27. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: section of transept .28. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: view of interior looking north .29. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: reconstruction of second window grille to left of mihrab .30. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: panel of stucco ornament on substructure of dome at end of transept31. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: cresting of north-western fa9ade 32. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: plan 33. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: entrance to staircase of northern minaret

34. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: northern minaret, medallion on north-east side of socle 35. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: medallion on south-west side 36. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: north-east elevation facing

37. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: western minaret, detail of mouldings 38. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: western minaret, detail of mouldings 39. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: ornament between 5th and 6th mouldings 40. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: south-west elevation 41. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: entrance to oratory

42. detail of ornament in oratory 43. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: entrance to staircase

44. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: reconstructed bird's-eye view 45. SFAX: Minaret of Great Mosque 46. TABGHA (Capernaum): lintel from ruined synagogue, with pentagram 47. THE SABA' BANAT in 1921 48. THE SABA' BANAT after excavation49. ASSAR: Mausoleum 50. HASAN OGLU: Mausoleum 51. BRAD: Canopy tomb 52. KOKANAYA: Canopy tomb 53 MOSQUE OF LULU'A: plan .54. Entrance to the Ziyada of the Mosque of al-Hakm55. FUSTAT: Wall of Salah ad-Din

56. FUSTAT: House No. I

57. FUSTAT: House No. II 58. FUSTAT: House No. Ill 59. PALERMO: Ziza (= 'Aziza) Palace, showing salsabil 60. FUSTAT: House No. V 61. FUSTAT: House No. VI 62. FUSTAT: House No. VIII 63. FUSTAT: Group showing types of houses 64. ASWAN: Tomb with panelled sides .65. ASWAN: Types of mausoleums 66. ASWAN: Mausoleums 33, 19, 18, 17, 10, and 47 .67. ASWAN: Mausoleums 13, 14, 12, and 20 68. ASWAN: Mausoleums 23, 46, 53, and 54 69. ASWAN: Mausoleum 24 .70. ASWAN: Mausoleums 23 and 5 71. ASWAN: Tomb of the Seventy-Seven Governors .72. ESNA: Minaret of Gami' al-'Amri or al-'Atiq . .73. Minaret of al-Mashhad al-Qibli, or Bilal, near Shellal 74. SHELLAL: al-Mashhad al-Qibli 75. SHELLAL: al-Mashhad al-Qibli 76. SHELLAL: author's reconstruction 77. ASWAN: Minaret of TaBia, elevation (south side), and plan .78. LUXOR: Minaret of Abu'l-Haggag, elevation (east-side) and reflected plan, showing setting of temple 79. MOSQUE OF AL-Guyushi: plan and section 8°- MOSQUE OF AL-Guyushi: ornament of mihrab .81. THE BAB AN-NASR: plan at ground-level 82. THE BAB AN-NASR: c. 1799^3- THE BAB AN-NASR: plan at level of platform, wall going west, and First Tower .84. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: plan at ground-level8 5. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: detail of brackets 86. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: plan of main platform, Wall, and Staircase Tower87. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: section of room in east tower 88. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: showing how the gallery in the Wall passes over it .89. THE NORTH WALL: crenellations, showing position of sloping sills 90. THE NORTH WALL: arrow slit in first tower 91. Plan of Second Tower, Wall and Great Salient92. STAIRCASE TOWER to west of Bab al-Futuh: section93. STAIRCASE TOWER plan 94. STAIRCASE TOWER entrance, after restoration95. ROUND-FRONTED TOWER: section and plan 96. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: plan of upper storey97. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: plan98. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: water-spout99. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: squinch '100. DIYARBAKR: Great Mosque, bull's head 101. Sasanian silver dish 102. THE WALL: part still existing to east of the Bab Zuwayla 103. LAG ASH: plan of Acropolis104. JERASH: pendentivc in baths 105. KETSCHARUS: pendentives 106. CAESAREA: Mole, with columns let in as a bond 107. JERUSALEM: Church of St. Anne, cushion voussoirs 108. SALAMIYA: Capital found by the Belgian Expedition 109. MUKHMAS: floor mosaic 110. BTOURSA: medallion on house111. TUNIS: floor mosaic in Bardo Museum

112. VENICE: St. Mark's, capitals113. VENICE: St. Mark's, closure slabs of gallery114. PHOCIS: Monastery of St. Luke of Stiris, iconostases115. Bowl in the Sarre Collection116. MAYAFARIQIN: capital .117. ALEPPO: Minaret of Great Mosque118. RODA ISLAND: Mosque of Badr al-Gamali, plan119. Diagram showing composition of al-Afdal's mihrab120. NAYIN: Great Mosque, mihrab 121. YAZD: Duvazda Imam, mihrab 122. BUZAN: Imamzada Shahzada Karrar, mihrab123. QAZVIN: Masgid al-Haydariya, mihrab 124. ARDISTAN: Great Mosque, main mihrab 125. ABARQUH: Mausoleum of Pir Hamza Sabz-Push, mihrab126. ASWAN: The Mashhad, section and plan 127. THE KHADRA SHARIFA: plan 128. ANCIENT MAUSOLEUM: construction of pendentives 129. MAUSOLEUMS OF MUHAMMAD AL-GA'FARI and SAYYIDA 'ATIKA, plan 130. OLD CAIRO: Church of Abu as-Sayfain: pendentive 131. OLD CAIRO: Church of Abu as-Sayfain: Chapel of St. George, pendentive132. SHAYKH YUNUS: plan and section 133. MAUSOLEUM OF IKHWAT YUSUF: plan 134. Qus: Fatimid mausoleum 135. MASHHAD OF UMM-KULTHUM: main mihrab .136. THE QAL'A OF THE BENI HAMMAD: niche decorating minaret137. THE QAL'A OF THE BENI HAMMAD: fragment of stucco138. ALEPPO: Maristan of Nur ad-Din, entrance .139. DUNAYSIR: Great Mosque 140. CONSTANTINOPLE: stone carving in Museum 141. MOSQUE OF AL-AQMAR: plan 142. MASHHAD OF SAYYIDA RUQAYYA: plan 143. MASHHAD OF SAYYIDA RUQAYYA: cornice of mihrab 144. YAZD: Duvazda-i-Imam: pendentive 145. ISFAHAN: Great Mosque, pendentive 146. QAZVIN: Great Mosque, pendentive 147. GULPAYAGAN: Great Mosque, pendentive 148. MARAGHA: Gunbad-i-Surkh, pendentivc 149. ARDISTAN: Great Mosque, pendentive 150. IMAM DUR: exterior of mausoleum 151. IMAM DUR: Muqarnas dome, looking upwards 152. JERUSALEM: Aqsa Mosque, pendentive 153. BOSRA: Madrasa of al-Mabrak, pendentive .154. DAMASCUS: Maristan of Nur ad-Din, dome of vestibule155. ALEPPO: Madrasa of Shad Bakht 156. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: south-east side of sahn, before the works of 1891-2 157. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: scheme of window grille at entrance of sanctuary158. MAUSOLEUM OF MUHAMMAD AL-HASAWATI: plan 159. QA'AT AD-DARDIR: section and plan 160. MAUSOLEUM OF YAHYA ASH-SHABIH: plan 161. MAUSOLEUM OF YAHYA ASH-SHABIH: proposed reconstruction .162. FIRE TEMPLE NEAR GIRA 163. MAUSOLEUM OF QASIM ABU TAYYIB: plan .164. MAUSOLEUM OF QASIM ABU TAYYIB: suggested reconstruction165. MAUSOLEUM OF UMM KULTHUM: plan166. MAUSOLEUM OF UMM KULTHUM: suggested reconstruction167. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': ornament over window

168. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': cresting 169. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': plan I70. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': maqsura171. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': details of ornament172. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': plan 173. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': details of ceiling

LIST OF PLATES (AT END)

PLATE 1 a. MAHDIYA: THE GREAT MOSQUE: General view from the west.h' MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': The monumental entrance in centre of north side.c MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Salient at west corner.d MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Interior, looking north.2a MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': riwaq on north side of sahn.2b. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Interior, looking south2.c MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': WALLS: fragment of a tower on south side.2d. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Entrance to harbour, looking west.3a. CAIRO: Remains of the Mashhad of the Sharif Tabataba. 3b. CAIRO: Mashhad of the Sharif Tabataba, remains of pier. 3c. CAIRO: Early mihrab next to Mashhad of Shablh.4a. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Transept, mihrab, &c.4b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Ornament of transept: first arch to left.5a. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Ornament of transept: south-western side, first arch.5b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Ornament of transept: south-western side, second arch.6a. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Ornament of transept: south-western side, third arch.6b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Ornament of transept: wall next sahn.7a. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Panels and window of qibla wall.7b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Mihrab: decoration on soffit of arch.7c. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Mihrab: decoration of arch and semi-dome is original, rest later.8a. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Panel on qibla wall, opposite third column from right.8b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Panel on qibla wall, opposite second column from right.9a. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: North-east end of sanctuary, first bay from old qibla wall.9b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: North-east end of sanctuary, second bay from old qibla wall.10a. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: North-east end of sanctuary, third bay from old qibla wall.10b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: North-east end of sanctuary, fourth bay from old qibla wall.11a. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Decoration of north-east wall, fifth bay from old qibla wall.11b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Sanctuary, fifth aisle from old qibla wall, north-east half.12a. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Present decoration of first arch to right of transept.12b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Decoration of first arch to right of transept before A.D. 1891.12c. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Present decoration of first pier to right of transept.13a. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Present decoration of second pier to right of transept.13b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Present decoration of third pier to right of transept.13c. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Present decoration of fourth pier to right of transept.13d. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Present decoration of fifth pier to right of transept.13e. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Present decoration of sixth pier to right of transept.14a. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Present decoration of sixth and seventh piers to right of transept.14b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Present decoration of eighth pier to right of transept and wall-pier. 15a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: North-west facade, recently cleared.15b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: View along top of north-west wall, showing flank of monumental entrance and western salient.15c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Entrance to left of monumental entrance.16a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: North-west facade, recently cleared.16b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Vault of monumental entrance. 16c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Remains of original decoration in passage-way. 17. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Monumental entrance, decoration of north-eastern flank.

18a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: East corner of sahn and remains of sanctuary. 18b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Remains of cresting over fourth pier to right of transept.18c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Facade of sanctuary 19a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: East corner of sahn, showing take-off of second and third arcades of north-east riwaq.19b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Facade of sanctuary, four arches still standing to right of transept arch19c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Entrance to transept, recently restored.19d. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Remains of monumental entrance in south-west side, from without19e. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Monumental entrance in north-east side, from within.20a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Transept after restoration of clercstorey and roof.20b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Wooden tie-beam of north-eastern dome-bearing arch.20c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Tie-beam of dome-bearing arch, detail of ornament.21a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Inner end of transept.21b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Second window to left of transept.21c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: First window to left of transept.22a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Substructure of dome at end of transept, before removal of wrongly placed roof22b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Dome, drum, and zone of transition.22c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Substructure of dome, left panel.23a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Inscription over entrance to staircase of northern minaret.23b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Northern salient and minaret, from the west.23c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Northern salient and minaret, from the south.23d. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Entrance to staircase of northern minaret.24a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Third band, window facing north.24b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Third band, window facing west.24c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Socle: south-east side, showing (on left) place where the north-east wall took off. 24d. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Second band, medallion on north-east side.25a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Seventh band, window facing east.25b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Sixth band.25c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Fourth band, showing part of the date.25d. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Fourth band.26 a-c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Medallions in eighth band.26d. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Seventh band, window facing north.26e. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Seventh band, window facing west.27a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Western salient and minaret from the east.27b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Northern salient, remains of cresting below top of Badr al-Gamali's casing.27c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Western salient, remains of cresting.27d. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: NORTHERN MINARET: Western salient, Kufic inscription.28a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Decoration between mouldings 5 and 6, to left.28b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Decoration between mouldings 5 and 6, to right.28c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Decoration between mouldings i and 3.29a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Moulding 8 and first band of inscription.29b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Ornament on south-east side in continuation of a.29c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Window in north-western side between mouldings 6 and 7.29d. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Ornament on north-western side between mouldings 5 and 6.30a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: North-western side between mouldings 9 and 11.30b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Inscription between mouldings 10 and 11.30c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Moulding 10 and band below.31a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Bracing arches gripping minaret above tenth

moulding31b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Entrance to oratory with door to staircase at back.31c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Ceiling of little oratory.31d. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: North-east side of little oratory.32a. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Window on north-cast side of second octagonal storey.32b. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Decoration of fourth octagonal storey.32c. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: Remains of cresting at summit of square part.32d. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: WESTERN MINARET: First octagonal storey, with half-round buttress, and second octagonal storey.33 a—b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Door presented by al-Hakim34a. THE SABA' BANAT: General view from the south-east.34b.THE SABA’ BANAT: First mausoleum from east 34c. THE SABA' BANAT: second mausoleum from east34d. THE SABA' BANAT: third mausoleum from east 34e. THE SABA' BANAT: second mausoleum from east: window in drum35a. MOSQUE OF LU’LU’A: façade of hall of prayer in 191735b. MOSQUE OF LU’LU’A: from the west35c. MOSQUE OF LU’LU’A: upper vauolted room exposed35d. MOSQUE OF LU’LU’A: from the south showing mihrab salient36a. ENTRANCE TO THE ZIYADA OF THE MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: interior looking south-east36b. ENTRANCE TO THE ZIYADA OF THE MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Interior, looking north-east 36c. ENTRANCE TO THE ZIYADA OF THE MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Vault 36d. ENTRANCE TO THE ZIYADA OF THE MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Mihrab of al-Afdal in Mosque of Ibn Tulun: cast of central panel37a. THE HOUSES of FUSTAT: House II, from thc south_east37b. THE HOUSES of FUSTAT: House II, detail of room c 37c. THE HOUSES of FUSTAT: Fragment of decoration found in House VI.37d. THE HOUSES of FUSTAT: Fragment of moulded stucco from House VI37e. THE HOUSES of FUSTAT: Fragment of decoration found in House V37f. THE HOUSES of FUSTAT: Another fragment37g. THE HOUSES of FUSTAT: Inscription formed by pieces of brick embedded in stucco38 a-b. FRAGMENTS OF CARVED WOODWORK FROM THE LESSER, OR WESTERN FAT:M,D PALACE39a. WOODWORK FROM THE WESTERN FATIMID PALACE: Half of door found in Maristan of Qala'un.39b. WOODWORK FROM THE WESTERN FATIMID PALACE: Panel in the same door. 39c. WOODWORK FROM THE WESTERN FATIMID PALACE: Door soffit 39d. WOODWORK FROM THE WESTERN FATIMID PALACE: Detail of panel in e top to left39e. WOODWORK FROM THE WESTERN FATIMID PALACE: Fragments of doors found in the Maristan of Qala'un39f. WOODWORK FROM THE WESTERN FATIMID PALACE: Detail of panel in e, central to right40a. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 3340b. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 1740c. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 10 40d. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 4740e. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 1340f. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 13.41a. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 1441b. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 1441c. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 20 41d. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 12 41e. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 2341f. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 23

42a. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 3142b. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 4242c. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleums Nos. 46-5142d. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 4642e. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleums Nos. 53 and 5442f. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 5443a. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleums Nos. 52, 54, and 5343b. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 2543c. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 24 43d. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 2443e. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 2843f. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 844a. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 5.44b. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 5.44c. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 7. 44d. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 744e. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleums Nos. 19, 18, and 1744f. ASWAN: MAUSOLEUMS IN THE CEMETERY: Mausoleum No. 19.45a.THE MASHHAD AL-QIBLI, near Shellal: Minaret, mosque, and substructure from the south, in 1858-945b. THE MASHHAD AL-QIBLI, near Shellal: The hall of prayer, c. 1930.45c. THE MASHHAD AL-QIBLI, near Shellal: Minaret, mosque, and substructure, from the north-west in 1858-946a. THE MOSQUE OF AL-GUYUSHI: From the north-east.46b. THE MOSQUE OF AL-GUYUSHI: From the north.46c. THE MOSQUE OF AL-GUYUSHI: North-west facade, with entrance.47a. THE MOSQUE OF AL-GUYUSHI: Entrance47b. THE MOSQUE OF AL-GUYUSHI: Interior47c. THE MOSQUE OF AL-GUYUSHI: South-west side, showing buttresses crowned with little domed oratories47d. THE MOSQUE OF AL-GUYUSHI: Domed oratory shown in c (to left).48a. THE MOSQUE OF AL-GUYUSHI: Main dome, little domed oratories, and cresting of sahn.48b. THE MOSQUE OF AL-GUYUSHI: Cresting on north-cast side of sahn48c. THE MOSQUE OF AL-GUYUSHI: Detail of mihrab49a. THE BAB AN-NASR: THE NORTH WALL, showing the Bab an-Nasr, first tower, second tower, the Great Salient, the Bab al-Futuh and the staircase tower.49b. THE BAB AN-NASR: Front elevation50. THE BAB AN-NASR: FRONT ELEVATION.51a. THE BAB AN-NASR: Cornice at top of second storey.51b. THE BAB AN-NASR: Detail of spandrel, &c.51c. THE BAB AN-NASR: Detail of gateway.52. THE BAB AN-NASR: SECTION THROUGH PASSAGE-WAY: Scale 1 : 100.53a. THE BAB AN-NASR: Inner (south) side of gateway; staircase tower to right.53b. THE BAB AN-NASR: Vaulted passage-way, looking north.53c. THE BAB AN-NASR: Entrance to vaulted passage-way.54a. THE BAB AN-NASR: From within: staircase salient to right.54b. THE BAB AN-NASR: Entrance to staircase.54c. THE BAB AN-NASR: Spiral staircase.55a. THE BAB AN-NASR: From within, showing wall going west and south.55b. THE BAB AN-NASR: Platform and rear face of upper part of towers.55c. THE BAB AN-NASR: Broken off end of wall going south.56a. THE BAB AN-NASR: L-shaped flanking gallery at top of staircase salient.56b. THE BAB AN-NASR: Spherical-triangle pendentive in east tower chamber.56c. THE BAB AN-NASR: West flankfromtopoffirsttowershowing platform, staircase salient, and wall going south.57a. THE NORTH WALL: The Bab an-Nasr, projecting latrine, first tower, second tower, Great Salient,

and Bab al-Futuh.57b. THE NORTH WALL: Inner face, looking west from platform of Bab an-Nasr.57c. THE NORTH WALL: Brackets of projecting latrine.58a. THE NORTH WALL: Roof of passage through first tower.58b. THE NORTH WALL: First tower: interior.58c. THE NORTH WALL: The Bab an-Nasr, projecting latrine and first tower.59a. THE NORTH WALL: Projecting latrine, first tower, second tower, Great Salient, and Bab al-Futuh.59b. THE NORTH WALL: Second tower, Great Salient, and Bab al-Futuh.60a. THE NORTH WALL: Looking east from top of Great Salient.60b. THE NORTH WALL: Looking west from top of first tower.60c. THE NORTH WALL: Gallery in wall between second tower and Great Salient, looking east.61a. THE NORTH WALL: The Great Salient and Bab al-Futuh.61b. THE NORTH WALL: Gallery in east side of Great Salient.61c. THE NORTH WALL: Gallery in north side of Great Salient.62a. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: Front elevation.62b. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: The dating inscription (continuation on face of Great Salient).63. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: FRONT ELEVATION64 a-b. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: Entrance from without.65a. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: Decoration of splayed arch.65b. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: Composition above the splayed arch.65c. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: Ceiling panel between corbels.65d. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: Corbels. 66a. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: Third corbel from right.66b. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: Second corbel from right.66c. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: The domed passage-way from within. 67. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: PASSAGE-WAY 68a. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: Rear face, from wall of al-Hakim's mosque.68b. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: Rear face, from the platform68c. THE BAB AL-FUTUH: Interior of east tower69a. THE BAB AL-FUTUH with staircase tower beyond, from top of Great Salient.69b. THE NORTH WALL, inner face. From right to left: the Great Salient, Bab al-Futuh, and staircase tower70a. THE BAB AL-FUTUH, NEAR FACE AND GREAT SALIENT.70b. THE BAB AL-FUTUH, STAIRCASE TOWER, AND ROUND-FRONTED TOWER.71a. THE NORTH WALL: Gallery in curtain wall between the staircase tower and the Bab al-Futuh, looking east. 71b. THE NORTH WALL: Entrance to staircase tower; on lintel is a figure of the god Amen-Ra, and cartouche of Thothmes IV.71c. THE NORTH WALL: Main chamber in staircase tower, looking west. d. Lesser chamber in staircase tower: exit to first landing on staircase72a. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: General view from the south.72b. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: Ornament in re-entrant angle.72c. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: Ornamental panel on inner flank of tower.72d. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: Panels on inner flank of east tower.

73. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: FRONT ELEVATION. 74a. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: Part above gateway.

74b. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: Dome on spherical-triangle pendentives over passage-way.74c. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: Rear (north) face.

74. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: SECTION THROUGH PASSAGE-WAY. 76a. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: Doorway from platform to staircase which descends behind curtain wall going east.

76b. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: Platform on top of gateway.76c. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: Platform and upper part of gate.76d. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: Decoration of key-stone of central vaulted bay in b and c.76e. THE BAB ZUWAYLA: Entrance to chamber in upper third of west tower. 77. MOSQUE OF IBN TULUN: Mihrab of al-Afdal.

78a. ASWAN: THE MASHHAD: From the north.78b. ASWAN: THE MASHHAD: Entrance to annexe.78c. ASWAN: THE MASHHAD: Entrance to vestibule78d. ASWAN: THE MASHHAD: Facade of sanctuary.78e. ASWAN: THE MASHHAD: Facade of sanctuary, from roof of vestibule.78f. ASWAN: THE MASHHAD: Sanctuary, looking north-east.79a. THE KHADRA SHARIFA: From the south-west. 79b. THE KHADRA SHARIFA: From the east79c. THE KHADRA SHARIFA: Entrance to sahn, from within.79d. THE KHADRA SHARIFA: From the north.79e. THE KHADRA SHARIFA: West corner79f. THE KHADRA SHARIFA: Qibla wall. 79g. THE KHADRA SHARIFA: Decoration of mihrab to left of main mihrab, exposed by excavation.80a. MAUSOLEUMS OF AL-GA'FARI (left) AND SAYYIDA 'ATIKA (right).80b. MAUSOLEUM OF SAYYIDA'ATIKA: Interior.80c. MAUSOLEUM OF SAYYIDA'ATIKA: Ornament of mihrab. 81a. MAUSOLEUM OF SAYYIDA'ATIKA: Window and crenellations of earlier wall.81b. IKHWAT YOSUF: Detail of triple mihrab. 81c. On left, Mausoleum of Sayyida Atika, partly built on cresting of forecourt of Mausoleum of al Ga'fari82a. MAUSOLEUM OF SHAYK YUNUS82b. MIHRAB OF UMM KULTHUM83a. MOSQUE OF AL-AQMAR: North-west facade83b. MOSQUE OF AL-AQMAR: Detail (sec 82 f, to left)83c. MOSQUE OF AL-AQMAR: Dctail of ornament of entrance salient. 83d. MOSQUE OF AL-AQMAR: Pierced medallion over entrance. 84a. MOSQUE OF AL-AQMAR: Facade of north-east riwaq. 84b. MOSQUE OF AL-AQMAR: Detail of stucco ornament in a. 84c. MOSQUE OF AL-AQMAR: Medallion on north-east facade. 84d. MOSQUE OF AL-AQMAR: Treatment of north corner.84e-f MOSQUE OF AL-AQMAR: cupboard door85a. MOSQUE OF AL-AQMAR: south west riwaq85b: QUS: Mausoleum built against the Great Mosque. 85c. QUS: Mausoleum built against the Great Mosque. From the north.85d. QUS: Mausoleum, decoration of qibla side. 86a. MASHHAD OF SAYYIDA RUQAYYA: North-west facade.86b. MASHHAD OF SAYYIDA RUQAYYA: Interior.86c. MASHHAD OF SAYYIDA RUQAYYA: Drum of dome with painted dating inscription87a. MASHHAD OF SAYYIDA RUQAYYA: Vertical view of ribbed dome87b. MASHHAD OF SAYYIDA RUQAYYA: Detail of mihrab88a. MASHHAD OF SAYYIDA RUQAYYA: Wooden cenotaph (tabut)88b. MAUSOLEUM OF MUHAMMAD AL-HASAWATI: Mihrab89a. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: The sahn: north-west facade before the work of A.D. 189189b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: The sahn: central part of south-east facade before the work of A.D. 1891 90a. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Decoration of left-hand arch carrying dome at entrance to transept.90b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Decoration of arch carrying dome and opening into transept 91a. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Decoration of dome of pavilion at north end of transept.91b. MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR: Domed pavilion at north end of transept, zone of transition.92 a. DOOR FROM MAUSOLEUM OF SAYYIDA NAFISA. 92b. DOOR FROM MAUSOLEUM OF SAYYIDA NAFISA Detail of a.92c. DOOR SOFFIT FROM MAUSOLEUM OF SAYYIDA NAFISA92d. MOSQUE OF AL-FAKAHANI: Leaf of door 92e. MOSQUE OF AL-FAKAHANI: Detail of d93a-b. QA'AT AD-DARDIR: South Iwan94a. QA'AT AD-DARDIR: Setting of semi-dome of south Iwan. 94b. QA'AT AD-DARDIR: Treatment of side walls (Plate 93 b)

94c. QA'AT AD-DARDIR: Kufic inscription on wooden frieze in east recess.95a. THE MAUSOLEUM OF YAHYA ASH-SHABIH: Interior of mausoleum, looking east.95b. THE MAUSOLEUM OF YAHYA ASH-SHABIH: Interior of mausoleum, looking south-east. c- 95c. THE MAUSOLEUM OF YAHYA ASH-SHABIH: Interior of mausoleum, looking towards annexe. 96a. THE MAUSOLEUM OF YAHYA ASH-SHABIH: Annexe, looking north. 96b. MINARET OF ABU'L-GHADANFAR: Panels on north-east side. 96c. MINARET OF ABU'L-GHADANFAR: Detail of medallion in J.96d. BAB AL-AKHDAR (part of Mashhad of Sayyidna Husayn). 97a. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': State of mosque in 1917, as seen from the top of the Bab Zuwayla97b. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': North-west facade after removal of houses and excavation of lowerstorey. 97c. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': North-east side, string course above shops at floor level of mosque97d. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': North-east facade, window in second bay from north corner. 98a. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': North-west facade, bay to left of portico in antis. 98b. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': North-west facade, bays at end of portico in antis before removal of floor of house. 99a. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': North-west facade, after restoration. 99b. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': North-cast facade to right of lateral entrance, after restoration. 100a. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Window grille, now in Museum of Arab Art.

100b. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': North-eastern entrance.100c. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Fragments of the original cresting. 100d. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Fragments of the original cresting 100e. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': South-west facade, after removal of attached buildings.101a. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': North-east facade, extreme left, after demolition.101b. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Main entrance, from within. Before reconstruction.101c. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': North-western entrance, under portico.101d. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': North-eastern entrance, from within.102. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Bronze-plated door,103a. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Interior, north corner during restoration.103b. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Interior, north-east side during restoration. North-cast entrance on ex treme right. 104a. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Facade of sanctuary.104b. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Interior of sanctuary.105a. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Window in second aisle of sanctuary.105b. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Decoration of third arcade of sanctuary.105c. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Setting of arches, showing wooden impost block (tabllya) and tie-beams.105d. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Opening of malqaj behind pulpit.106. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Decoration of spandrels in sanctuary.107. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Decoration of spandrels in sanctuary108a. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Window above mihrab.108b. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Fifth window from left.108c. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Seventh (blind) window from left.108d. MOSQUE OF AS-SALIH TALA'I': Decoration of opening (of Malqaj] behind upper part of pulpit.109a. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Central dome.109b. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: central dome109c. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Squinch in right back corner of sanctuary. 109d. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Squinch and remains of drum of dome in left back corner of sanctuary.109e. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: THE SABA' BANAT: Squinch and drum 110a. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mosque of al-Guyushi.

110b. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mosque of al-Guyushi110c. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: The Bab Zuwayla: squinch in semi-domed recess at side of passage-way. 110d. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Aswan: the Mashhad110e. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Aswan: the Mashhad111a. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Ancient mausoleum (opposite Khanqa of Baybars al-Gashankir)111b. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mausoleum of Muhammad al-Ga'fari111c. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Dome of al-Ga'fari (and 'Atika)111d. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mausoleum of Sayyida 'Atika. 111e. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Dome of'Atika112a. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mausoleum of Shaykh Yunus112b. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mausoleum of Shaykh Yunus 112c. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mausoleum of Ikhwat Yusuf112d SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mausoleum of Ikhwat Yusuf 112e. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Qus: mausoleum on east side of Great Mosque 112f. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Qus: mausoleum on east side of Great Mosque 113a. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mausoleum of Sayyida Ruqayya113b. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mausoleum of Sayyida Ruqayya 113c. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mosque of al-Azhar, dome in front of transept. 113d. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mosque of al-Azhar113e. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mausoleum of Muhammad al-Hasawati113f. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mausoleum of Muhammad al-Hasawati114a. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mausoleum of Yahya ash-Shabih114b. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: Mausoleum of Yahya ash-Shabih.114c. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Ancient mihrab next Mashhad of Shabih114d. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mosque of al-Azhar (decoration of arch and semi-dome).115a. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mosque of al-Hakim: mihrab on roof115b. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mosque of al’Hakim: main mihrab.115c. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mosque of Lu'lu'a: mihrab in lower room115d. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mosque of Lu’lu’a: mihrab in upper room.116a. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mosque of al-Guyushi.116b. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mihrab of al-Afdal in Mosque of Ibn Tulun.116c. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: The Khadra Sharifa: lateral mihrab exposed by excavation.116d. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: the Khadra Sharifa: main mihrab.117a. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mausoleum of Muhammad al-Ga'fari117b. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mausoleum of Sayyida'Atika.117c. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mausoleum of Shaykh Yunus117d. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Masgid of Musa, at Masgid Shaykh Musa118a. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Ikhwat Yusuf, triple mihrab.118b. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mausoleum of Umm Kulthum.118c. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mihrab of al-Amir, presented to the Mosque of al-Azhar.119a-b. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya: mihrabs to left and right under portico.119c-d. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya: mihrabs to left and right, inside.120a. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya: main mihrab.120b. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mausoleum of Muhammad al-Hasawati120c. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mihrab of Sayyida Nafisa.121a. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mihrab of Sayyida Nafisa : detail.121b. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mausoleum of Yahya ash-Shabih: left lateral mihrab.121c. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: Mausoleum of Yahya ash-Shabih:main mihrab.122a. SEQUENCE OF MINARETS: Aswan, tower of Tabia.122b. SEQUENCE OF MINARETS: al-Mashhad al-Bahri, near Shellal.122c. SEQUENCE OF MINARETS: al-Mashhad al-Qibll, near Shellal.123a. SEQUENCE OF MINARETS: . Luxor: Mosque of Abu'l-Haggag.123b. SEQUENCE OF MINARETS: Esna: Great Mosque.

123c. SEQUENCE OF MINARETS: Cairo: Mosque of al-Guyushl.123d. SEQUENCE OF MINARETS: Cairo: Mausoleum of Abu'l-Ghadanfar.124a. THE NORTH WALL: Entrance to round-fronted tower from rampart walk.124b. THE NORTH WALL: Interior of round-fronted tower.124c. THE NORTH WALL: Junction of masonry of Badr al-Gamall (right) and Salah ad-Din (left).124d. THE NORTH WALL: Round-fronted tower and curtain wall to west.125a. THE NORTH WALL: Staircase tower and round-fronted tower.125b. THE NORTH WALL: Round-fronted tower and curtain wall with machicoulis.

LIST OF LINE AND HALF-TONE ILLUSTRATIONSFIG. i. THE CITADEL: Northern Enclosure ,- . 0. Jacingp. o2. Muqattam Tower to Burg Kcrkyalan . . facinn. 10•i. Bur? Kerkyalan . /- .~ 6 / •••«•- facing 124 SUFFURIYA: arrow-slit in tower /• .^ ••••••••-. facing 725. THE CITADEL: Burg Kerkyalan to Burg at-Turfa facinr i6. Burgal-Matar . .'.'. facing ib7- Burg al-Muballat to Burg al-Imam . . facing 18 8. Babal-Qarafa .'.'.'. facing 2O9- BurS ar-Ramla and Burg al-Haddad facing 2210. BOSRA: the Citadel facing 7 211. MOUNT TABOR: arrow-slit in remains of fortifications facinv 7212. THE CITADEL: Burg as-Sahra facing zt'3- north-west corner . facing 3014. from Napoleon's Description deTfcgyptc 3215. THE BAB AL-MUDARRAG: plan ^416. THE BAB AL-MAHRUQ: plan 4317. EAST WALL OF CAIRO: first tower to south of tower at Darb al-Mahruq: plan . 4418. tower at Darb al-Mahruq: plan . facing 4419. second tower to south of the Bab al-Gadld: plan 4520. first tower to south of the Bab al-Gadld: plan 4521. THE BAB AL-GAD!D: plan . 4622. TOWER TO NORTH OF BAB AL-GADID: plan 4823. THE BURG AZ-ZAFAR: plan of upper and lower storey . 5024. THE FIRST TOWER TO THE WEST OF THE BURG AZ-ZAFAR: section and plan . . . . . 5125. FIRST TOWER TO THE EAST OF BAB AN-NASR: plan . 5226. PENTAGONAL CORNER TOWER: plan 5327. THE NORTH WALL: tower in re-entrant angle 5428. THE BAB AL-QARAFA: plan . 5729. PALMYRA: Machicoulis of 527 H. (i 132/3) . fac*a£ 7230. MAUSOLEUM OF IMAM ASH-SHAFI*!: plan . 6931. section and elevation . fac*ng 7°32. MOSQUE OF QADI YAHYA ZAYN AD-DiN: wooden pendentives fon*% 7233. MAUSOLEUM OF IMAM ASH-SHAFI'I: rib of dome 7234. DAYR SAMBJL: balustrade in Mausoleum . 7535. ROME: balustrade of the Ponte Salaro .-••• 7536. MAUSOLEUM OF ABU MANSUR ISMA'IL: plan •••• 7°37. THE KAMILIYA MADRASA: plan .-•••• °I9,{\38. PALACE OF SULTAN SALIH: plan -••••••?q. entrance ••••• 7J 7 Q40. MAUSOLEUM OF THE 'ABBASID KHALIFS: plan .-•••• °9

41. medallion -.-•• 9°42. decoration round base of dome . fo^g 9°43. M n window on south-west side . . . . • 9144. DAMASCUS: Madrasa Maridanlya: one of the original windows . . . - - • 9145. MADRASA AND MAUSOLEUM OF SULTAN SALIH NEGM AD-DIN: west facade fang 9646. P^n . fang 947. ALEPPO: Maristan of Arghun al-Kamili •••••* Jactn& ^48. MAUSOLEUM OF SULTAN SALIH NEGM AD-DIN: section .•• fang I0240. M () window preserved on south-east side . . ^°3LIST OF LINE AND HALF-TONE ILLUSTRATIONSFIG. 50. BOSRA: Madrasa of Kumushtakin, plan interior C2 DAMASCUS: Dar al-Hadlth of Nur ad-Din, plan of Sauvagct .Hcrzfeld54. ALEPPO: Madrasa Khan at-Tutun, plan . . . . facade of sanctuary56. DAMASCUS: Madrasa of Nur ad-Din, plan . . . -57. ALEPPO: Madrasa of Shadbakht, plan .58. MA'ARRAT AN-NU'MAN: Shafeyite Madrasa, plan59. DAMASCUS: 'Adillya Madrasa, plan 60. ALEPPO (FiRDAUs): Zahirlya Madrasa, plan 61 , sanctuary62. ALEPPO: Sultanlya Madrasa, plan 60 ^ facade of sanctuary64. ALEPPO: Jami'and Madrasa Firdaus, plan .65. Sharaflya Madrasa, plan 66. Kamiliya Madrasa, plan 67. BAGHDAD: The Mustansinya Madrasa, Herzfeld's plan68. author's plan69. CAIRO: Ghannamiya Madrasa, north tiwan 70. Madrasa of Khoshqadam al-Ahmadi, east liioan71. MAUSOLEUM OF SHAGAR AD-DURR: plan .72. THE SUQ AN-NAHHASIN, looking north .73. VIEW OF THE SUQ AN-NAHHASIN 74. ALEPPO: Madrasa of Shadbakht, entrance .75. Mashhad of Husayn, entrance .76. ALEPPO (FIRDAUS): Zahirlya Madrasa, entrance 77. ALEPPO: Mashhad of Husayn, pendentive of dome in front of mihrab78. ALEPPO (FIRDAUS): Ribat Khanqan, entrance 79. JERUSALEM: Bab SittI Maryam, panthers .80. 'AKKAR: panther of Baybars on Taklya .81. LUDD: Bridge of Baybars: panther 82. MEZERIB: panthers on bridge .83. Panthers of Baybars at Qal'at Ibn Ma'an84. TIBERIAS: sculpture from Qal'at Ibn Ma'an85. DAMASCUS: panthers and fleur-de-Iys on lintel at as-Salihlya .86. MOSQUE OF BAYBARS: lintel of main entrance 87- north-west facade in 1800 8- curtain walls°V- , cornice 9°- plan91. JERUSALEM: Ribat of Salah ad-Din92. MAYYAFARIQIN: Ortuqid Mosque, plan93- ALEPPO: Mashhad of Husayn, west fiwan94- Sultanlya Madrasa, mihrab .95- KONIA: Mosque of'Ala'ad-Din, entrance . 96. ALEPPO: Jami-and Madrasat al-Firdaus, mihrab97- JERUSALEM: Qubbat as-Silsila, mihrab '. ' ' '98- QAL'AT IBN MA'AN: striped masonry99- RAMLA: Great Mosque, showing buttresses with doping tops'100. ILLAHUN: Regulator of Bay bars .101. HOS,/OFTHE'ABBAS,DKHALIFS, plan' .

IFIG. 102. QASR AL-*UMAYD 103. ALEPPO: Madrasa of Shadbakht, mihrab .104. MAUSOLEUM OF MOSTAFA PASHA (so-called): plan .105. DAMASCUS: Mad rasa-Mausoleum of Baybars, ornament on south facade106. MAUSOLEUM OF FATIMA KHATUN: plan .107. THE KHANQA AL-BUNDUQDAR!YA (Zawiyat al-Abbar): plan .108. MAUSOLEUM AND MADRASA OF SULTAN QALA'UN: plan 109. MADRASA OF SULTAN QALA'UN: roof as reconstructed by Hcrz .110. DURHAM: triforium arcade .in. ANGOUL^ME: apse of Cathedral 112. SENLIS: Cathedral choir 113. LAON: triforium arcade 114. SALISBURY: north porch 115. URFA: Maqam al-Khalll, minaret 116. DAMASCUS: Great Mosque, north minaret.117. south-eastern minaret .118. CRAC JDES CHEVALIERS: chapel 119. PALERMO: tower of Santa Maria la Nuova .120. DAMASCUS: Maristan of Nur ad-Din, mihrab 121. setting out of marble panelling 122. detail of mihrab 123. MARDIN: Great Mosque, base of minaret with Kufic rectangle .124. MARISTAN OF SULTAN QALA'UN: Herz' plan 125. MAUSOLEUM OF AS-SAWABI: plan 126. AL-ASHRAF KHALIL: plan .127. HUSAM AD-DiN TURUNTAY: plan .128. AHMAD IBN SULAYMAN: plan 129. Design on flat bowl in Museum of Muslim Art 130. MID A* A IN MOSQUE OF IBN TULUN: plan .131. CORDOVA: Great Mosque, modillons a copeaux at the summit of the facade of the sanctuary132. TOLEDO: Santa Maria la Blanca, corbel .133. Double corbels, believed to have come from Toledo .134. SEVILLE: corbels in the Patio de Las Munecas 135* 136. MADRASA-MAUSOLEUM OF ZAYN AD-DiN YUSUF: plan 137. MAJDRASA-MAUSOLEUM OF SULTAN AN-NAsiR MUHAMMAD: plan .138. MAJDRASA-MAUSOLEUM OF THE EMIR QARASUNQUR: plan 139. MADRASA-MAUSOLEUM OF SALAR AND SANGAR AL-GAWLI: north-eastern elevation .140. plan .141. THE PHAROS, as restored by Thiersch .142. THE KHANQA AND MAUSOLEUM OF SULTAN BAYBARS AL-GASHANKIR: plan143. THE GREAT AQUEDUCT: western third .144. THE QASR AL-ABLAQ IN THE CITADEL: the great go*a .145. MAUSOLEUM OF *ALI BADR AL-QARAFI: plan 146. MAUSOLEUM OF SAF! AD-DiN GAWHAR: plan 147. MADRASA—MAUSOLEUM OF THE EMIR SUNQUR SA'DI: plan 148. elevation .149. MADRASA OF THE EMIR YL-MALAK AL-GUKANDAR: plan 150. MOSQUE OF THE EMIR AHMAD AL-MIHMANDAR: plan .151. MAUSOLEUM OF SULTAN QALA'UN: section •'•••PLATE A a. THE NORTH WALL OF CAIRO: from the BSb an-Nasr (left) to the Bab al-Futuh (right), before the clearance(Supptnxoury to Vol. I, Ch.p. X) after the clearance. PLATE i THE CITADEL: from the MuqaKam. Northern enclosure from the east.2 a. Northern Enclosure, south fafade, looking over Muqattam Gate. &• • The Muqattam Gate from

without. Built by Yekan Pasha in 1200 H. (1785/6). <•• ., Northern Enclosure: south facade, showing the Muqattam Gate (i), Muqattam Tower(2), Burg Soffa (3), Burg al-'EIwa (4), Burg Kcrkyalan (5), Burg at-Turfa (6), Burgal-Matar (7), and Burg al-Muballat (8).3 • , Muqatjam Tower, Burg Soffa, and Burg al-'Elwa. ^. , Burg SofFa: cruciform central chamber, looking north. c• . Room in south-east corner, showing curtain wall of Salah ad-Din at back, with arrow-slit.4 <*• ., Northern Enclosure: south facade, showing Burg SofFa, Burg al-'Elwa, and Burg Kerkyalan. t- showing Muqattam Tower, Burg SofFa, Burg al-'Elwa,and Burg Kerkyalan.5 a. Burg Kerkyalan: upper storey, looking east. b- lower storey, looking north. c. roof, north-west corner. J. Burg al-Matar, inner side. f. outer side.6 a. showing bent entrance.b. Discharging-chamber and internal gallery between Burg al-Matar and Burg al-Muballat. C. Northern Enclosure: south side, showing Muqattam Gate (i), Muqattam Tower (2), Burg SofFa (3), Burg Kerkyalan (4), Burg at-Turfa (5), Burg al-Matar (6), and Burg al-Muballat (7).7 a. Northern Enclosure: east side, Burg al-Muballat (i), Burg al-Muqusar (2), Burg al-Imam (3), and Burg ar-Ramla (4). t. Burg al-Muballat (i), Burg al-Muqusar (2), Burg al-Imam (3). c. n Burg al-Imam: the bent entrance.8 a, Burg al-Muballat (i), Burg al-Muqusar (2), Burg al-Imam (3), Burg ar-Ramla (4.), andBurg al-Haddad (5). t. Burg al-Imam (3), Burg ar-Ramla (4), Burg al-Haddad (5), and Burg as-Sahra (6).9 a. Burg al-Haddad. t. Burg al-Haddad, top of tower. c, Machicoulis in a. d. Arrow-slit to left of e. t. Arrow-slit to left in b.10 a. Burg al-Haddad and curtain wall going west.fa n n Postern gate close to west side of Burg al-Haddad (see a).c. n Burg as-Sahra from within.d without, and tower of saqiya.{ ^ n vaulted corridor leading to walled-up postern gate.11 a. North side.i. eastern part.e' ^ western half, showing curtain wall and tower of Muhammad 'AB.J. n North-west corner. ^ Remlins of great square tower to north of the Bab al-Mudarrag.PLATE 12 c. THE CITADEL : Looking down on the Bab al-Mudarrag tower from the northd. The Bab al-Gadid of Muhammad 'All, overlapping the Bab al-Mud130. The Bab al-Mudarrag from without. er-b- interior looking south-west.c- • pendentives with cartouches of Sultan an-Nasir MuhJ. from within. ' mmai14 a. THE EAST WALL, TO SOUTH OF THE DARB AL-MAHRUQ: Gallery in curtain wall!• The Bab al-Mahruq.c- Second tower going north from th, o-,Mahruq. ai) al-<*• Curtain wall to north of c, showing gallcrv-exposed by fall of masonry. Jwall '• ., Interior off.'Sa- ,. Great corner tower at Darb al-Mahruq and ^towers to south of it. ' °c- . Top of great corner tower at Darb al-MahrSq.16 a. THE EAST WALL: The Bab al-Gadid, with postern to left and pier of bridge across ditch (also counterscarp at X).b. from within. c. entrance to flanking tower (a) and postern (6).17 a. The first tower going south from the Burg az-Zafar. b. Inner side of a.c. Change from smooth to rusticated masonry, at 11 m. south of corner tower. d. Interior of tower, upper storey. e. lower storey.18 a. THE BURG AZ-ZAFAR: The great corner tower, from within, with entrance in centre, postern gates to right

and left, and vaulted discharging-chambers beyond.b. Descending vault above staircase of left postern. c. right postern.19 a. The ring vault and one of the vaulted recesses. b. The domed interior.c. Decoration of descending vault of entrance. d. Exterior of right-hand postern gate. f. Decoration of vaulted recess to right of right-hand postern.20 a. THE EAST ANO NORTH WALL: The Burg az-Zafar, from the north.b. Interior of first tower to west of the Burg az-Zafar.c. Sloping break in masonry immediately to west of great tower at DarbMahruq. d. Interior of pentagonal tower about 200 m. to west of the Bab al-Futu21 a. THE WALL OF FUSTAT: Towers flanking gateway.b. Pipe-line near rear face of wall.c. Vaulted recess with arrow-slit, preserved near the Bab al-Qarafa.d. Remains of the Bab al-Qarafa (retaining wall of excavation in foregroun ).22 a. MAUSOLEUM OF IMAM ASH-SHAFI'I: North-western side.b. Window (original entrance?) in north-western side.c. First post from right.d. Second t. Third/ FourthLIST OF PLATES rviiPLATE 23 a. MAUSOLEUM OF IMAM ASH-SHAFI'I: Decoration of north corner of top storey.b, South-west side, not restored.24 a. Decoration at left extremity of north-east side.b. Decoration of second post from left on same side.c. Inner face of door in north-eastern side of mausoleum.d. Inner face of bronze-plated door, now in the Museum of Muslim Art.25 a. Interior, looking east.b. Window-grille (to left in a).c. Carved wooden frieze above marble panelling.26 a. Coffered ceiling of window (or door) recess on north-western side.<*- Carved wooden bracket supporting one corner of octagon for thesuspension of lamps.c* , Carved wooden bracket supporting wooden octagon for the suspension of lamps.</. Wooden pendentlves.27 a. MAUSOLEUM OF THE EMIR ABU MANSUR ISMA'IL: Entrance and liivdn,b, Interior of/twan.c, Entrance.28 a, THE MADRASA OF SULTAN AL-KAMIL: The ruined north-western llwan.b, Stucco decoration framing windows of upper tier of students' cells on south-west side of sahn.c. Remains of south-eastern Itican.d. The ruined north-western Irwan.29 a and b, THE MINARET OF SAYYIDNA AL-HUSAYN: The three panels on south side of shaft.30 a, MAUSOLEUM OF THE *ABBASID KHALIFS: Exterior from the north.6. Interior, looking south.c. Painted decoration and embossed gilt medallions of zone of transition. </, M n M Two of the original windows preserved on the south-west side (see ^, to right).^ I a, Panel on south-east side.b, on south-west 32 a. , on north-west £. n on north-east 33 a. MADRASA OF SULTAN SALIH NEGM AD-DIN: Main facade: left half.^ ( tt Composition framing central archway.^ Sf n n n Decorative panel to left of archway.^_ )} n Main facade before modification (see Plate 33^)-

^ ^ n Decoration above first window from left.d t Decoration above second window from left (central window of north-west ilwdn).35*. thirdb , « fourth c fifth,. sixth d.a seventh ^ , eighth ninth j Archway in centre under minaret.viii LIST OF PLATESPLATB 77 a. MADRASA OF SULTAN SALIH NEGM AD-DiN: North-western it-wan of north-eastern madrasa. / M Door (in Museum of Muslim Art). Ceiling of passage-way under minaret.j Students' cells and springing of arcade in front of them ( right in a). 'to^8 a. MAUSOLEUM OF SULTAN SALIH NEGM AD-DiN: Detail of door in vestibule.b Facade. Entrance from street.j n Panelling of mihrab.)} )( Decoration above left window.^ , central window.c right window.j Decorative boss in panel on south-west side of mausoleume M H Treatment of west corner.40 a. Interior.^ , Column of mihrab, capital.c. base-^ Original stucco and glass window-grille above mihrab(see a).41 a. MAUSOLEUM OF QUEEN SHAGAR AD-DURR: Exterior from the south. fa n Interior, looking south. c, Exterior, qibla side. d. }) Painted designs on pendentives.42 a, Stucco frame of mihrab.b. Semi-dome of mihrab, decorated with glass mosaic (fusaifisa}.43 a. Panel on south-west side. b. north-west side.44 a. MADRASA OF SULTAN BAYBARS: From the west.b. First window from left on south-west side.f. Second d. Bronze-plated door now in the French Embassy.45 a. From a painting of about 1850.b. Madrasa of Baybars (to left), Sebtl-Kuttab of Khusrau Pasha, and minaretof Sultan Salih.c. The same, to-day. 46 a. THE BRIDGE OF ABU'L-MUNAGGA: North side.&* North side, third arch from west. c Panthers of Baybars. 47a- ^- South side. c- Cartouche of Sultan Qayt-Bay, south side between third and fourtharches from west. ^- . South side, second arch from east, showing cutting back of wall surface.48 a, MOSQUE OF SULTAN BAYBARS: General view, looking east. ^- North-western entrance.49 a- Panel and niche to right of north-western entrance.c' North-western entrance, treatment of north-eastern flank. dome over passage-way.LIST OF PLATES x;xPLATE 50 a. MOSQUE OF SULTAN BAYBARS: North-western entrance: interlacing strap-work framing niche on left sideof passage-way. ^- ) North-eastern entrance.c- decoration of arch and spandrel.

d' 11 11 Ornament on side wall under vault of l,e- North-eastern entrance, decoration of upper part of flank.51 a- 11 South-western entrance. *•Cf interior.d- detail.52 a' Rear face of north-western entrance, showing springing of the two arcadesof the transept.&• Magsiira: north-west side, showing springing of four arcades of transept. ?• Panel of ornament at north-west end of transept (see a), d- Maqsura; showing springing of arcades of transept (to left) and of the three back arcades of the sanctuary (to right).53 a. Remains of outer stucco window-grille to left of north-western entrance. ^- Remains of inner stucco window-grille at north-eastern end of sanctuary. c. y, Detail of ornament.d. Remains of inner stucco window-grille to north of north-western entrance. f- ) j, Exterior: south-east side, showing salient ofmaysura.54 a. IIXAHUN: Regulator of Baybars, junction of old part (right) with new. b. view from downstream. c. d. HOSH OF THE *ABBASID KHALIFS: Entrance to vestibule. e. Vaulted vestibule, south-east side, from Hash.55 a. THE MAUSOLEUM OF MUSTAFA PASHA (so-called): Entrance at left end of facade. b. North-western facade. c. The great tiwan and cells flanking sahn. d. North-eastern side and remarkable cresting. e. Stucco frieze in mausoleum./56 a. Back of/iwan.b. Detail of stucco ornament. cy a. Window above mihrab.b. , y detail of ornament.Cf ^ }j n Triple mihrab in mausoleum, detail of ornament (seePlate ic/c). 58 a. THE MAUSOLEUM OF FATIMA KHATUN: General_view, looking east.^ 5 J} Inner (east) side of entrance and minaret. c_ ^ n The mausoleum, from the north. ^9 a ^ ^ n Springing of arch with decorated soffit, on north-east side ofmausoleum.£ M Window in north-east side. Cf ti n Interior, looking east. jf M Decoration of window. 6o a ^ From the south, showing remains of Madrasa which no longerexists. £ Looking south-west, showing remains of attached Madrasa.LIST OF6. , THE KH°°f interior of drum 'eror o drum 62 MAR.STAN OF SULTAN QALA'UN: South-eastern Lan. ^^^ * ™™ °l d™'<•' wKT[°nr°mdw'mdo™«b**°(™^rn/-^ W'nd°w to left in ,(,elepho,o) ^'n *<* high up63 1' ^ndow(° 'onger exists) which faced,<5. f*a^^ and basin in north-west Detail of basin.«™-™nd basin in south-east^-, Detail of basin.North-east /man.ULTAN QALA,CN: ^ ^ miMrc( ^ ^ ^ Fa?adeofMadrasa.tiwan. western c. Entrance to Great Corridor.Wind°w over entrance with Prankish ham-67 a. mered lron work (telephoto). ^ Entrance to Great Corridor.,;o ,. Ceiling of Great Corridor 6K. MAUSOLEUM OF SULTAN QALA'ON: Fa9ade on forecourt.' General view of interior, looking south-west. Vi<:w taken inside maqmra, looking south.Decoration, south-western side, with windows looking into Great Corridor.7° ' • Decoration of central panel in a. 7' • , Vine-leaf frieze. Frieze unrestored; gilding partly gone, exposing coating of red paintwhich preceded gilding.c' Treatment of arches of octagon, transverse arches, and ceiling of

ambulatory.72 a- j) Northern arch of octagon. ^ Southern c- Western <^- South-western arch of octagon.73 • . Ceilingofambulatory,eastcorncr(toleftini()purposelykftuntouche(i,as justification for the restoration of the other corners. b- Ceiling of ambulatory, south-east sector.74 a. MADRASA OF SULTAN QALA'UN: Facade of triple-aisled hall of prayer. ^. Hall of prayer.75 a. Stucco decoration at end of central aisle above mihrab.1. Decoration of right arcade of central aisle, second, third, and fourth baysfrom qibla wall.II ILIST OF PLATES ^jPLATE 76 a. MAUSOLEUM AND MADRASA OF SULTAN QALA'UN: Cresting of mausoleum. Madrasa: stucco decoration of qibla wall rising abovelate roof.e' Madrasa: south-west side of $ahn showing students' cellsand arcade inserted by 'Abd ar-Rahman Katkhuda77 a. MAUSOLEUM OF AS-SAWAB!, from the south.b. MAUSOLEUM OF SULTAN AL-ASHRAF KHALIL, north-west side.c~ decoration of interior of drum.78 a. MAUSOLEUM OF AHMADlBNSuLAYMANAR-RiFA'i: Decoration of dome.*• Mausoleum before reconstruction of fallen arcade in 1910. Ct Decoration of pendentives.79 • Decoration of mihrab: painted glass set in stucco.*• Continuation of a.80 • • Decoration of mihrab, continuation of Plate 79 b.b. MOSQUE OF IBN TULUN, Work of Sultan Lagin: Corbels supporting ceiling of room behind mihrab.^. , Corner treatment.A- Detail.f~ Wooden pendentives of dome in front of mihrab (domelater). 8 1 a. , Mlda'a, south-east side.b. n Band of glass mosaic (fusaijisa) decorating main mihrab.c . Entrance to staircase of minaret.d. n Modillons a copeau under bridge from minaret to roof ofmosque.82 a. MADRASA— MAUSOLEUM OF ZAYN AD-DiN YUSUF: Main (north-east) facade. b. South-east facade. c. Lintel of third window from left, in a. d. , second in b.83 a. Entrance.k Vestibule: entrance to sahn on left. • • •ff ^ M Remains of entrance on north-west side.^ M n Sahn, showing north-east and south-east Ifwaru.g. a n Window at back of south-western Ifwan.fr , Entrance to mausoleum.c ;j Interior of dome.85 a. MADRASA-MAUSOLEUM OF SULTAN AN-NAsiR MUHAMMAD: Facade.. The Gothic doorway from 'Akka.6. Ceiling of entrance passage.C. 8 , Frame of mihrab of Madrasa (sec Plate 1 1 1 r).Decoration of semi-dome of same mihrab. North-western side of mausoleum and remains7' of forecourt.S 88 • Sahn, looking east. Decoration of window-frame in north-west• [man of Madrasa.Decoration of minaret (see Plate I24</).' MAUSOLEUM OF SULTAN AN-NAs,R MUHAMMAD: Wooden fri«e.

b. MADRASA-MAUSOLEUM OF THE EM!R QARASUNQUR: FacadeCentral upper window-grille or irwan. Lintel of central lower windowLIST OF- —— .,. •ooicttn,.<. M—SA-MA^SO^;; 1:1: A^s(scc Pla* • - •i)-'•• DSANGARAL-GAW-North-east facade* I SUmmitof%h,-shaf,attc,D fCorbel at south-east end 17 mai«^two mausoleums. ^^'O^ Corridor behind the t 'StaircaseofsouarearofT1^-ofnewel. '^^Window in corridor openin • 92. ( ofSaIar(inf). P *• Fr°m the south-west.93- First stone grille from ,efi .*• Fourth stone grille from ^94 * Gn«<= of third arch from left, rlat.*• Mad—— 'ooking north-wes, '2'''• - ; °;or.o,fstudent's«f^grigh.sideof. '• - ^•rajbincourt^d-and''-d0finscriptionRuined Iman near of U thum, with frieze similar to,K 95 a. KHANQA AND MAHSOLEUM OF BA YEARS AL-GASHANKIR: Facade.Hlgh-level entrance on the Shari' Qal'at al-Kabsh. Entrance bay. v Detail of bronze plating. Bronze-plated door, and sill with hieroglyphics. 9 ' North-west fafade.97 • Entrance bay, detail of left side. Sahn, looking north-west.c ' South-east liwan with mihrab, and recess to rightwith ventilating shaft (maiqaf] at back.98 . __ North-east side of sahn.^- Screen in vestibule of mausoleum. c. MADSOLECM or 'ALi BADR AL-QARAFI.99 a. THE TAYBARSIYA MADRASA: Detail of mihrab (see Plate 1 13 t).*• ' c. THE GREAT AQOEJDUCT: Arches to west of Qayt-Bay's archway.d. Qayt-Bay's archway, and first five arches going north-east. loo a. First eight arches to north-east of Qayt-Bay's archway.ft. Lower part to north-east of a.c. REMAINS OF THE QASR AL-ABLAC;, at the Citadel (gigantic corbels).J-e. Remains of saqiya near the Citadel. joi a. MAUSOLEUM OF SAFI AD-DlN GAWHAR: North-west fafade.f}f H M Vestibule, south-east side.c. MADRASA AND MAHSOLEDM OF THE EMIR SONO.OR SA'DI: North-west facade.j ^ ^ M Stucco frieze with date expressed in f.g«r • io2a ; ;) Window in entrance bay., ^ Entrance bay.LIST OF PLATES PLATE 102 c. MADRASA AND MAUSOLEUM OF THE EM!R SUNOUR SA'DI: Decoration of drum. Ornament above entrance bay. Window-frame in mausoleum. 103 a. MADRASA OF THE EMIR YL-MALAK AL-GUKANDAR: Entrance bav / ' Decoration of arch to left in c. Interior, north-west /7wan. J. MOSQUE OF THE EMIR HUSAYN: Entrance bay.'°4<*- i Decoration of qibla wall.b. MOSQUE OF THE EM!R AHMAD AL-MIHMANDAR: Entrance bay.c' ' South-east facade.105 a. HOSH OF THE 'ABBASID K.HALIFS: Part of qibla wall.i,. MADRASA-MAUSOLEUM OF THE EM!R QARASUNOUR: Silver band round column of mihrab, with blazon of a dukandar.

c. Ssqiya near the Citadel, after removal of house (see Plate 100 e). d. SEBIL OF SULTAN AN-NASIR MUHAMMAD.106 a. SEQUENCE OF MIHRABS: MAUSOLEUM OF ABU MANSUR ISMA'IL.^- . THE 'ABBASID KHALIFS.'• . SULTAN SALIH.i°7a- QUEEN SHAGAR AD-DORR.b- . MUSTAFA PASHA: Mihrab in liwan.c~ mausoleum.108 a. KHANQA AL-BUNDUQDARIYA: Mihrab in first mausoleum.k. MAUSOLEUM OF QALA'UN.c. MADRASA OF QALA'UN.109 a. MAUSOLEUM OF HUSAM AD-DiN TURUNTAY.b. RIBAT OF AHMAD IBN SULAYMAN AR-RIFA'I.c. : Mihrab in mausoleum.d. LAGIN'S MIHRAB IN THE MOSQUE OF IBN TULUN.110 a. MIHRAB OF SAYYIDA NAFISA (so-called), in the Mosque of Ibn Tulun.t. MADRASA-MAUSOLEUM OF ZAYN AD-DiN YUSUF: Mihrab in truian.c. MADRASA-MAUSOLEUM OF THE EMIR QARASUNQUR.ma. Qus: MOSQUE of AL-'AMRI.I,. n MOSQUE OF'AMR: Mihrab on exterior of north-west wall.c. MADRASA OF AN-NASIR MUHAMMAD.j. ^ MAUSOLEUM OF AN-NASIR MUHAMMAD.11 z a. MAUSOLEUM OF SALAR.!,_ n MAUSOLEUM OF SANGAR AL-GAWLI.c n MADRASA-MAOSOLEUM OF SALAR AND SANGAR AL-GAWLI: Mihrab in courtyard.j KHANQA OF BAYBARS AL-GASHANKIR: Mihrab in Ifwan.mausoleum. 1133.^. B TAYBARSIYA MADRASA.,I4<Z_ n MAUSOLEUM OF THE EMIR SUNQUR SA'DI.I, J MADRASA OF THE EMIR YL-MALAK.C MoSfiOE OF THE EMIR HuSAYN.J MAUSOLEUM OF ZAYN AD-DiN YUSUF. 115*. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: MAUSOLEUM OF THE -ABBASID KHAL.FS.MAUSOLEUM OF SULTAN SALIH. d' MAUSOLEUM OF QUEEN SHAGAR AD-DuRR.M1V LIST OF PLATESPLATE , f. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: MAUSOLEUM OF QUEEN SHAGAR AD.DDRRt MAUSOLEUM OF FAT.MA KHATON.A r i' ;; KHANfiA AL-B™D2DMvA, fir; mausolcumt, ' / sccond mausoleurr l*7' MAUSOLEUM OF AS-SAWABI.

'j MAUSOLEUM OF AL-ASHRAF KHAUL.''' MAUSOLEUM OF AHMAD IBN SULAYMAN AR-RIFA'i o. n js'• MipA'A IN MOSQUE OF IBN TULUN J. ''• MADRASA-MAUSOLECM OF ZAYN AD-DIN YUSUF.9a- ., MAUSOLEUM OF THE EMIR QARASUNQUR. 6. JTc- MAUSOLEUM OF SULTAN AN-NASIR MUHAMMAD d.1 zo a- MAUSOLEUM OF SALAR.^- ,. MAUSOLEUM OF SANGAR AL-GAWLI.'• . Pendentives of Stone Dome, to left in d.d- , MADRASA-MAUSOLEUM OF SALAR AND SANGAR AL-GAWLI.121 • MAUSOLEUM OF BAYEARS AL-GASHANKIR. *•c- . MAUSOLEUM OF 'ALi BADR AL-QARAFI. d.'• MAUSOLEUM OF SAFI AD-DiN GAWHAR.122 a. MAUSOLEUM OF THE EMIR SUNQ.UR SA'DI. b.

123 a. SEQUENCE OF MINARETS: MASHHAD OF SAYYIDNA AL-HUSAYN.b. MADRASA OF SULTAN SALIH.f- MABKHARA OF THE ZAWIYAT AL-HUNUD.d. MAUSOLEUM OF FATIMA KHATUN.I24«. MADRASA OF SULTAN QALA'UN.b. MOSQUE OF IBN TULUN.c. MOSQUE OF AL-BAQLI.d. MADRASA OF SULTAN AN-NASIR MUHAMMAD.125 a. MADRASA-MAUSOLEUM OF SALAR AND SANGAR AL-GAWLLb. MOSQUE OF AL-HAKIM: Af^Mar^ finial of northern minaret (telephoto).d. KHANQA OF BAYBARS AL-GASHANKIR. -R126 a. SEQUENCE OF DOMES AND PENDENTIVES: MOSQUE AND MAUSOLEUM OF THE EMIR AHMAP AL-MIHM k-c. SEQUENCE OF MINARETS: MADRASA-MAUSOLEUM OF THE EM!R SUNQUR SA'DI.N. B. The illustrations in the text are reduced 5%.