Fig. 19-2a, p.306

coccus

bacillus

spirillum

pilus

bacterial flagellum

cell wallouter capsule

plasmamembrane

cytoplasm, with ribosomes DNA, in nucleoid

Fig. 19-2b, p.306

a The bacterialchromosome is attached to the plasma membraneprior to DNA replication.

b Replicationstarts and proceeds in two directions from a certain site in the bacterial chromosome.

c The DNA copy becomes attached at a membrane site near the attachment site of the parent DNA molecule.

d Then the two DNA molecules are moved apart by membrane growth between two attachment sites.

e Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates are built for new membrane and new wall material. Both get inserted across the cell’s midsection.

f The ongoing, orderly disposition of membrane and wall material at the midsection cuts the cell in two.

Fig. 19-4, p.307

p.307

biochemical and molecular origin of life

to ancestors of eukaryotic cells

DOMAIN BACTERIA DOMAIN ARCHAEA

Fig. 19-6a, p.308

Fig. 19-8a-c, p.309

Fig. 19-10, p.310

Fig. 19-11a, p.311

Fig. 19-13, p.313

sheath

DNA inprotein

coat

tailfiber

LyticPathway

LysogenicPathway

e Lysis of host cell letsnew virus particles escape.

a Viral DNA is insertedinto host chromosome by viral enzyme action

c Cell divides;recombinant DNA in each daughter cell.

b Chromosomeand integrated viralDNA are replicated.

b Host replicatesviral genetic material,builds viral proteins.

c Viral proteins self-assembleinto a coat around viral DNA.

d Accessory parts areattached to viral coat.

a Virus particle binds, injects genetic material.

d Viral enzyme excisesviral DNA from chromosome.

Fig. 19-16, p.314

p.315

Mycobacteriumtuberculosis

SARS virus Ebola virus

Fig. 19-17, p.317

Fig. 20-1a, p.318

Fig. 20-1c, p.318

Fig. 20-3, p.320

parabasalidsdiplomonads euglenoids

kinetoplastids

apicomplexans

to plants to fungi to animals

redalgae

greenalgae amoebozoans

prokaryotic ancestors

STRAMENOPILESALVEOLATES

brownalgae

diatomschrysophytes

foraminiferansradiolarians

oomycotes

ciliatesdinoflagellates

FLAGELLATEDPROTOZOANS

Fig. 20-4, p.321

pellicle

long flagellum

contractile vacuolechloroplast

mitochondrion

eyespot

nucleusER

Golgi bodyFig. 20-5, p.321

Fig. 20-6, p.322

p.322

plasmamembrane

(blue)

alveolus

Fig. 20-7, p.323

Fig. 20-8a, p.323

Fig. 20-8b, p.323

g Plasmodium zygotes develop inside the gut of female mosquitoes. Theybecome sporozoites, which migrate to the insect’s salivaryglands.

a Mosquito bites human, bloodstream carries the sporozoites to liver.

d Some of the merozoites enter liver, cause more malaria episodes.

e Others develop into male, female gametocytes that are released intobloodstream.

male gametocyte in red blood cell

f Female mosquito bites, sucks blood from infected human. Gametocytes in blood enter her gut, mature into gametes, which fuse to form zygotes.

sporozoitessporozoites

b Sporozoites asexually reproduce in liver cells.

c Offspring (merozoites) enter blood, invade red blood cells, reproduce asexually. They can do so often, over a prolonged period. Disease symptoms (fever, chills, shaking) get more and more severe.

Fig. 20-9a, p.324

merozoite

Fig. 20-11, p.325

Fig. 20-12, p.326

Fig. 20-14, p.327

Fig. 20-16, p.328

Fig. 20-17, p.329