FIELD BOTANY – Lecture 06Dr. Donald P. Althoff

LEC 06

Families – Part II

Set II• Lily family

• Mallow family

• Sunflower family

• Grass family

tiger lily (A) Canada lily

Common mallow

hibiscus

cupplant

purpletop

_______

_______

dicot

dicot

chicory

deer tongue

Lily Family

• TAXONICALLY: ___________perennials herbs and forbs

• well know species:day lily (A)

tiger lily (A)Canada lily

Gray’s lilywood lily

But…water lilies are ____ from this family (Nymphaeaceae)

Lily Family flowering parts patterns

• ________ and ________• Often, the petals and sepals are the same color• Often, the petals and sepals are the same shape

1

2

3

2

31

Lily Family flowering parts patterns

• Thus, with color and size often matching, it _________ they have 6 petals and no sepals…

• …but they don’t…it is still

3 petals, 3 sepals

Canada lily

• __________— all same approx. height • Pistil with _____ stigma

Lily Family “inside” flowering parts patterns

1

2

3

4

perennial pepperweed

56

Stigma top noticeably _______

Lily Family leaf pattern

• ________ veins

Lily Family “key”

• __ petals and __ sepals— and they _________!

day lily(A)tiger lily (A)Canada lily Michigan lilywhite trout lilywild oats (sessile bellwort)Indian cucumber rootSolomon’s seal

Michigan lily Turk’s-cap lily

note “__________”

White trout lily

note “________” on leaf

Solomon’s seal Indian cucumber root

note “2 whorls of leaves ”…3-4 at top,6 or more bottom

Flowers and fruit “______ the stalk…not at terminal end

Lily Family • Could be confused with iris family

(Iridaceae)…but irises only have __ stamens—not 6

Stamens not easily visible in irises…often __________

Mallow Family• TAXONICALLY: ____________

annuals, biennials, perennial herbs and forbs• well know species: common mallow

swamp rose mallowhollyhockhibiscuscotton

Mallow Family flower patterns

• __ separate petals • a ________________

12

3

4

5

Mallow Family flower patterns

• 5 separate petals • a column of stamens

this is the ______ …that appears “fused” with stamens

Mallow Family sepals and bracts

• 3-5 partially “united” ______• sepals often surrounded by several ______

Mallow Family _____________

texture

________ any plant part and rub between fingers….result: ________ texture

Mallow Family – miscellaneous• Only known species in this family that is

poisonous: __________• Most of the rest are edible (and many have

medicinal uses)• ____ plants

Mallow Family “key”

• 5 separate petals, column of stamens

globe mallow prickly mallow

Sunflower (Aster) Family• TAXONICALLY: ____________

(previously Compositae)• Predominately annual herbs and forbs• well know species: aster!

sunflowers!ironweed

chicorygoldenrods

• ____________ flowers in ________ heads

Aster (Sunflower) Family flower head patterns

___________flower with ___________

stalk / stem

Composite Flower

TOPUNDER

5 petals fused together at the base to ~ 50% upward

Aster familyIndividual flower

________ hair = sepals

_____= seed (think sunflower seed)

5 stamens fused

_________

blue-stemmed goldenrod

purple coneflower

lance-leaved coreopsisblanket flower

Aster (Sunflower) Family key ID: composite flowers in

disk-like heads

purple stemmed aster mature sunflower

head

• Presence of _______ layers of bracts• Some have ___________ flowers (yarrow)

Aster (Sunflower) Family additional “tips”

• _________ seed producers (think annuals!)• Many have seeds with prickles, bristle, or

soft hairs that aid in ____________…think cockleburs, agrimonies, stick-tights

• Mostly are ___ plants, some are ___ plants

Aster (Sunflower) Family Miscellaneous

• ___ most number of species (___________ is #1)• _____ species in temperate ecosystems (i.e. NA)

Aster (Sunflower) Family

cup plant chicory

Grass Family (again)

• TAXONICALLY: _________ annuals and perennials

• well know species: corn milo (sorghum)

wheatbarley“grasses”

• grass plants maintain 3 defining characteristics from other members of the plant kingdom:

________________ emerge between the bracts on leaf-less stems

leaves on grass plants take on a __________ andstretch out long and slender. At the stem,these leaves cling tightly and form a type of________.

the _____________________in the center. Thenodes, or joints, along the stem also appearswollen.

Grass Family

1

2

3

Poaceae• Herbaceous or seldom woody• Stems often rhizomatous and/or with

erect culms (A, shoots)• Stems round, hollow, with nodes (B)• Leaves linear, with parallel venation,

sheathing, with ligule at top of sheath• Inflorescences with terminal and

axillary spikelets (C), subtended by bracts (glumes)

• Flowers without sepals and petals• Spike (awn) often present on bracts• Stamens and ovary hidden inside

bracts (D), called palea and lemma

DC

BC

A

Poaceae

• When flowering, styles and anthers hanging out from spikelets

• Stamens 3• Style often branched and

plumose (feather-like)• Fruit a one-seeded ____

(caryopsis)