fiebert_assaults by women on their male partners

8/18/2019 Fiebert_assaults by Women on Their Male Partners

1/64

REFERENCES EXAMINING ASSAULTS BY WOMEN ON THEIR SPOUSES

OR MALE PARTNERS:

AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Martin S. Fiebert

Deart!ent "# P$%&'"(")%

Ca(i#"rnia State Uni*er$it%+ L"n) Bea&'

Last updated: June 2012

SUMMARY: This bibliography examines 286 scholarly investigations: 221 empirical st!iesan! 6" revie#s an!$or analyses% #hich !emonstrate that #omen are as physically aggressive% or

more aggressive% than men in their relationships #ith their sposes or male partners& Theaggregate sample si'e in the revie#e! st!ies excee!s ()1%6**&

+ibliographic re,erences sorte! by category

1& Ac-ar!% .& M&% / 0emar-S'tainer% .& 2**23& .ate violence an! !ate rape

among a!olescents: associations #ith !isor!ere! eating behaviors an!

psychological health& 4hil! Abse / 0eglect% 26% 5""5)(& A Minnesota

state#i!e school sample o, 81%25) st!ents 5*%(*1 boys% 5*%756 girls in the

7th an! 12th gra!e respon!e! to the 9estion o, #hether they ever experience!

!ate relate! violence& ver 7*; o, st!ents reporte! never experiencing !ating

violence&


2/64

abse! heterosexal man& Article examines themes obtaine! ,rom intervie#s

an! personal !iary material&3

5& Amen!t% >& 2**83& < !i!nCt !ivorce my -i!sD: Bo# ,athers !eal #ith ,amily

brea-ps& 4amps Eerlag Fblishers&


3/64

violence& Athors also report that% Jmeasres o, partner agreement #ere highJ

an! that the correlation bet#een past an! present violence #as lo#&3

1*&Arias%


4/64

15&+ernar!% M& G&% / +ernar!% ?& G& 178(3& Eiolent intimacy: The ,amily as a

mo!el ,or love relationships& @amily Relations% (2% 28(286& Srveye! 561

college st!ents% 168 men% 27( #omen% #ith regar! to !ating violence& @on!

that 1"; o, the men a!mitte! to physically absing their partners% #hile 21;

o, #omen a!mitte! to physically absing their partners&3

1"&+illingham% R& &% +lan!% R&% / Geary% A& 17773& .ating Eiolence at three time

perio!s: 17)6% 1772% 1776& Fsychological Reports% 8"% ")5")8& .ata #as

collecte! ,rom college st!ents in 1786 5*1 #omen% 2*2 men% 1772 21*

#omen% 2*5 men an! 1776 (52 #omen% 227 men& SbIects complete! the

4TS an! reslts reveal a signi,icant !ecrease in partner violence over a 1* year

perio!& Bo#ever% in terms o, sbIects sel, reporte! violence an! report o,

partner violence% #omen #ere consistently more aggressive than men&3

16&+illingham% R& &% / Sac-% A& R& 17863& 4ortship violence an! the interactivestats o, the relationship& ?ornal o, A!olescent Research% 1% (1"(2"& Using

4TS #ith "26 niversity st!ents 16) men% ("7 #omen ,on! Similar rates

o, mtal violence bt #ith #omen reporting higher rates o, violence initiation

#hen partner ha! not7; vs (;&3

1)&+lan!% R&% / rne% B& 17863& @amily violence an! psychiatric !isor!er&

4ana!ian ?ornal o, Fsychiatry% (1% 1271()&


5/64

#omen an! 5( men experience! violence in a crrent or recent !ating

relationship& Athors reports that J#omen reporte! the expression o, as mch

or more violence in their relationships as men&J Phile most violence in

relationships appears to be mtal(6; reporte! by #omen% (8; by men

#omen report initiating violence #ith non violent partners more ,re9ently thanmen 22; vs 1);3&

21&+rin-erho,,% M&% / Gpri% & 17883& en!er / Society% 5% "66)& Use! the 4on,lict Tactics scale in a large nationalsrvey% nO"%5)5% an! ,on! that #omen engage in same amont o, sposal

violence as men&3

25&+rt'% ?&% /


6/64

higher rate o, ,emale to male violence 1"&2; than male to ,emale violence

15&6;&3

2"&+r-e% F& ?&% Stets% ?& &% / Firog>oo!% M& A& 17883& >en!er i!entity% sel,

esteem% an! physical an! sexal abse in !ating relationships& Social

Fsychology Qarterly% "1% 2)228"& A sample o, "*" college st!ents 278

#omen% 2*) men complete! the 4TS& Athors reports that they ,on! Jno

signi,icant !i,,erence bet#een men an! #omen in reporting in,licting or

sstaining physical abse&J Speci,ically% #ithin a one year perio! they ,on!

that 15; o, the men an! 18; o, the #omen reporte! in,licting physical abse%

#hile 1*; o, the men an! 15; o, the #omen reporte! sstaining physical

abse&3

26&4aetano% R&% Scha,ter% ?&% @iel!% 4&% / 0elson% S& M& 2**23& Agreement on

reports o, intimate partner violence among #hite% +lac-% an! Bispanic coplesin the Unite! States& ?ornal o,


7/64

pp& 22(2513& 0e# Yor-: >il!,or! Fress& A revie# chapter #hich reports

on !ata obtaine! ,rom regon Yoth St!y an! 4oples St!y& Athors

concl!e that JYong #omen #ere observe! to initiate physical aggression

to#ar! their partners more ,re9ently than #ere the yong men&J An! Jthe

relative prevalence o, ,re9ent physical aggression by #omen an! o, inIry an!,ear ,or men #as srprisingly high&J3

(*&4apal!i% .& M&% =im% B& =&% / Shortt% ?& P& 2**)3& bserve! initiation an!

reciprocity o, physical aggression in yong atris- coples& ?ornal o, @amily

Eiolence% 22 23 1*1111& A longit!inal st!y sing sbIects ,rom the

regon Yoth an! 4oples St!y& see above SbIects #ere assesse! 5 times

across a 7 year perio! ,rom late a!olescence to mi!2*s& @in!ings reseal that

yong #omens rate o, initiation o, physical violence #as Jt#o times higher

than mens !ring late a!olescence an! yong a!lthoo!&J +y mi!2*s the rate

o, initiation #as abot e9al& Mtal aggression increase! the li-elihoo! o,

inIry ,or both men an! #omen&3

(1&4apal!i% .& M& / #en% G& .& 2**13& Fhysical aggression in a commnity

sample o, atris- yong coples: >en!er comparisons ,or high ,re9ency%

inIry% an! ,ear& ?ornal o, @amily Fsychology% 1" (3% 52"55*& .ra#n ,rom a

commnity base! atris- sample% 1"7 yong coples #ere assesse! #ith the

4on,lict Tactics scale an! measres o, sel, reporte! inIries& @in!ings

in!icate! that 7&5; o, men an! 1(&2; o, #omen perpetrate! ,re9ent physical

aggression to#ar! their partners& 4ontrary to expectations% 1(; o, men an!7; o, #omen% in!icate! that they #ere physically inIre! at least once&

Athors report J2; o, the men an! none o, the #omen in!icate that they ha!

been hrt by their partners bet#een ,ive an! nine times&J

(2&4arlson% +& & 178)3& .ating violence: a research revie# an! comparison #ith

spose abse& Social 4ase#or-% 68% 162(& Revie#s research on !ating

violence an! ,in!s that men an! #omen are e9ally li-ely to aggress against

their partners an! that Jthe ,re9ency o, aggressive acts is inversely relate! to

the li-elihoo! o, their casing physical inIry&J3

((&4arney% M&% +ttell% @&% / .tton% .& 2**)3& Pomen #ho perpetrate intimate

partner violence: A revie# o, the literatre #ith recommen!ations ,or

treatment& Aggression an! Eiolent +ehavior% 12% 1*811"& An excellent

revie# o, the literatre on #omen #ho perpetrate violence in intimate

relationships& Also smmari'es intervention programs ,or sch #omen&3


8/64

(5&4arra!o% M&% >eorge% M& ?&% Goxam% &% ?ones% G&% / Templar% .& 17763&

Aggression in +ritish heterosexal relationships: a !escriptive analysis&

Aggressive +ehavior% 22% 5*151"&


9/64

(8&4ercone% ?& ?&% +each% S& R& B&% / Arias%


10/64

5(&4ogan% R&% / +allinger


11/64

5)&4oo-% F& P& 177)3& Abse! men& The hi!!en si!e o, !omestic violence&

Pestport% 40&: Fraeger& Fresents the evi!ence% empirical an! personal% ,or

male sposal victimi'ation& xamines resistance to acceptance o, ,in!ings an!

o,,ers soltions to re!ce !omestic violence&3

58&4orry% 4& &% @iebert% M& S&% / Fi''y% & 2**23& 4ontrolling !omestic violence

against men&

Available: ###&,amilytx&org$research$4ontrol.Eagainstmen&p!, arlier

version presente! at Sixth


12/64

"2&.eal% ?& &% / Pampler% =& S& 17863& .ating violence: The primacy o,

previos experience& ?ornal o, Social an! Fersonal Relationships% (% 5")5)1&

, 51* niversity st!ents 27" #omen% 11" men respon!ing to 4TS an!

other instrments% it #as reveale! that 5); experience! some violence in

!ating relationships& The maIority o, experiences #ere reciprocal& Phen notreciprocal men #ere three times more li-ely than #omen to report being

victims& Eiolent experiences in previos relationships #as the best pre!ictor o,

violence in crrent relationships&3

"(&.e=esere!y% P& S& / Sch#art'% M& .& 17783& Poman abse on camps&

Reslts ,rom the 4ana!ian 0ational srvey& Thosan! a-s% 4A: Sage& A

large sample 1%8(" #omen 1%(*) men o, 4ana!ian college st!ents

complete! the 4on,lict Tactics Scale& Reslts reveal that #omen report

engaging in higher rates o, violence than men& Speci,ically% 56&1; o, #omen

reporte! engaging in some physical violence in intimate relationship since

leaving high school& Pith (8; employing JminorJ violence an! 17;

employing JsevereJ violence&3

"5&.eMaris% A& 17723& Male verss ,emale initiation o, aggression: The case o,

cortship violence&


13/64

")&.tton% .& >& 2**63& Rethin-ing .omestic Eiolence& Eancover: U+4 Fress&

A thoght,l an! scholarly analysis o, research an! treatment in the area o,

.omestic Eiolence& ,,ers mch insight% particlarly to therapists an! policy

ma-ers #ith regar! to


14/64

contries& SbIects respon!e! to the revise! 4on,lict Tactics scale% gen!er

hostility scales an! inIry scales& @in!ings reveal that #omen perpetrate!

greater partner violence than men% that #omen #ere more seriosly inIre!

than men an! that hostility to#ar! the opposite sex #as signi,icantly an!

similarly correlate! #ith partner violence ,or men an! #omen&3

6(&aton% .& =&% .avis% =& S&% +arrios% G&% +rener% 0& .&% / 0oonan% R& =& 2**)3&

Associations o, !ating violence victimi'ation #ith li,etime participation% co

occrrence% an! early initiation o, ris- behaviors among U& S& high school

st!ents& ?ornal o, &

2**(3&


15/64

SbIects #ere selecte! ,rom the ,irst #ave o, The 0ational Srvey o, @amilies

/ Bosehol!s an! consiste! o, 2%52* #omen an! 2%252 men& Sel,

a!ministere! srveys reveale! that ,emales #ere signi,icantly more li-ely than

males to perpetrate violence to#ar! their partners& Athors report that Jreglar

atten!ance at religios services is inversely associate!J #ith !omestic violence,or men an! #omen&3

6)&rnst% A& A&% 0ic-% T& >&% Peiss% S& ?&% Bory% .&% / Mills% T& 177)3& .omestic

violence in an innercity .& Annals o, mergency Me!icine% (*% 17*17)&

Assesse! "16 patients 2(( men% 28( #omen in a 0e# rleans innercity

emergency .epartment #ith the


16/64

violence& Athor sggests that violent men are Jless li-ely to assalt their

partners becase o, the chivalry norm.J3

)2&@elson% R& +& 2**83& The legal conse9ences o, intimate partner violence ,or

men an! #omen& 4hil!ren an! Yoth Services Revie#% (*% 6(7656& Athor

reports that Jevi!ence !oes not spport the i!ea that assalts by male partners

are particlarly li-ely to be n!erreporte! or treate! leniently& Rather% the

reslts sggest that o,,en!ers #ho assalt #omen are more li-ely to s,,er legal

conse9ences than those #ho assalt men& & & &J


17/64

)6&@ergsson% .& M&% Bor#oo!% G& ?&% / Ri!!er% & M& 2**"3& Fartner violence

an! mental health otcomes in a 0e# ealan! birth cohort& ?ornal o,

Marriage an! @amily% 6)% 11*(1117& xamine! extent o, !omestic violence

experience an! perpetration in a sample o, 828 5() #omen% (71 men yong

a!lts #ho #ere 2" years ol!& SbIects #ere part o, a long term longit!inalst!y an! #ere a!ministere! the 4TS2& Reslts reveal that Jthere #ere more

men expose! to severe !omestic violence than #omenJ an! that mil! an!

mo!erate rates #ere similar ,or men an! #omen& verall% (7&5; o, #omen

an! (*&7; o, men reporte! perpetration scores o, ( or higher& Athors report

that men an! #omen reporte! similar rates o, inIry (&7; ,or #omen vs&

(&(; ,or men& on'ale'% .& M& 177)3& Pomen #ho initiate assalts: The

reasons o,,ere! ,or sch behavior& Fsychological Reports% 8*% "8("7*& A

sample o, 768 #omen% !ra#n primarily ,rom college corses in the Sothern

4ali,ornia area% #ere srveye! regar!ing their initiation o, physical assalts on

their male partners& 27; o, the #omen% nO28"% reveale! that they initiate!

assalts !ring the past ,ive years& Pomen in their 2*s #ere more li-ely to

aggress than #omen age! (* an! above&


18/64

also #rites% JEiolence by #omen in intimate relationships has receive! little

attention ,rom policy ma-ers% the pblic% an! ntil recently%

researchers&&&battere! men an! absive #omen have receive selective

inattention by both the me!ia an! researchers&J3

8*&@ollingsta!% .& R&% Pright% S&% / Sebastian% ?& A& 17713& Sex !i,,erences in

motivations an! e,,ects in !ating violence& @amily Relations% 5*% "1")& A

sample o, 57" college st!ents 2*) men% 288 #omen complete! the 4TS

an! other instrments incl!ing a JIsti,ication o, relationship violence

measre&J The st!y ,on! that #omen #ere t#ice as li-ely to report

perpetrating !ating violence as men& @emale victims attribte! male violence

to a !esire to gain control over them or to retaliate ,or being hit ,irst% #hile men

believe! that ,emale aggression #as a base! on their ,emale partners #ish to

Jsho# ho# angry they #ere an! to retaliate ,or ,eeling emotionally hrt or

mistreate!&J3

81&@oo% G&% / Margolin% >& 177"3& A mltivariate investigation o, !ating

aggression& ?ornal o, @amily Eiolence% 1*% ("1())& A sample o, 27*

college st!ents 111 men% 1)7 #omen respon!e! to the 4TS& Reslts reveal

that 25&(; o, men an! (8&"; o, #omen reporte! perpetrating physical

violence to#ar! their !ating partners&3

82&@or-e% 4& M&% Myers% R& =&% 4atallo''i% M&% / Sch#ar'% .& @& 2**83&

Relationship violence among ,emale an! male college n!ergra!ate st!ents&Archives o, Fe!iatric A!olescent Me!icine% 162% 6(5651& A sample o, 71*

college st!ents "2* #omen% (7* men ,rom three college campses

respon!e! to select items ,rom the 4TS& Reslts in!icate that #omen #ere

signi,icantly more li-ely to report perpetrating physical violence on their male

partners than men on their ,emale partners&3

8(&@oshee% E& A& 17763& >en!er !i,,erences in a!olescent !ating abse

prevalence% types an! inIries& Bealth !cation Research% 11 (3% 2)"286&

.ata collecte! ,rom 176" a!olescents in eighth an! ninth gra!e in 15 schools

in rral 0orth 4arolina& Reslts reveal that (6&"; o, !ating ,emales an! (7&5;

o, !ating males report being victims o, physical !ating violence&


19/64

85&>elles% R& ?& 17753& Research an! a!vocacy: 4an one #ear t#o hatsH @amily

Frocess% ((% 7(7"& Gaments the absence o, obIectivity on the part o,

J,eministJ critics o, research !emonstrating ,emale perpetrate! !omestic

violence&3

8"&>elles% R& ?& 2**)3& The politics o, research: The se% abse% an! misse o,

social science !ata the case o, intimate partner violence& @amily 4ort

Revie#% 5"% 52"1& An analysis examining the isse o, ho# social science

!ata has been Jabse! an! misse! in policy an! practice in the area o,

eorge% M& ?& 2**(3&


20/64

7*&>eorge% M& ?& 2**)3& The Jgreat tabooJ an! the role o, patriarchy in hsban!

an! #i,e abse& ior!ano% F& 4&% Millhollin% T& ?&% 4ern-ovich% S& A&% Fgh% M& .&% / R!olph%

?& G& 17773& .elin9ency% i!entity% an! #omens involvement in relationship

violence& 4riminology% ()% 1)5*& Reports the responses o, )21 yong a!lts

5"; male% ""; ,emale 5); #hite% "(; non#hite #ho ha! been involve!

in !elin9ent activities 1* years earlier& SbIects respon!e! to a mo!i,ie!

version o, the 4TS& @in!ings reveal that #omen #ere more li-ely to perpetrate

violence than men& Speci,ically% 2)&6; o, #omen compare! to 17&2; o, men

hit or thre# at their partner an! 8&(; o, #omen compare! to *&5; o, men

threatene! spose or partner #ith a -ni,e&3

72&>ol!berg% P& >&% / Tomlanovich% M& 4& 17853& .omestic violence victims in

the emergency !epartment& ?AMA% 2"1% (2"7(265& A sample o, 572 patients

2)" #omen% 21) men #ho soght treatment in an emergency !epartment in

a .etroit hospital #ere srvey regar!ing their experience #ith !omestic

violence& Respon!ents #ere mostly A,ricanAmerican )8;3% city !#ellers

7*;3% an! nemploye! 6*;3& Eictims o, !omestic violence nmbere! 1*)

22;3& Phile reslts in!icate that (8; o, victims #ere men an! 62; #ere

#omen this gen!er !i,,erence !i! not reach statistical signi,icance&

7(&>on'ale'% .& M& 177)3& Phy ,emales initiate violence: A st!y examining the

reasons behin! assalts on men& Unpblishe! masters thesis% 4ali,ornia State

University% Gong +each& 22" college #omen participate! in a srvey #hich

examine! their past history an! their rationales ,or initiating aggression #ith

male partners& SbIects also respon!e! to 8 con,lict scenarios #hich provi!e!

in,ormation regar!ing possible reasons ,or the initiation o, aggression& Reslts

in!icate that ""; o, the sbIects a!mitte! to initiating physical aggression

to#ar! their male partners at some point in their lives& The most commonreason #as that aggression #as a spontaneos reaction to ,rstration3&

75&>oo!yearSmith% @& A& / Gai!la#% T& M& 17773& Aggressive acts an! assalts in

intimate relationships: To#ar!s an n!erstan!ing o, the literatre& +ehavioral

Sciences an! the Ga#% 1)% 28"(*5& An p to !ate scholarly analysis o, cople

violence& Athors report that% K&&&st!ies clearly !emonstrate that #ithin the


21/64

general poplation% #omen initiate an! se violent behaviors against their

partners at least as o,ten as men&L

7"&>raham% =&% Flant% M&% / Flant% M& 2**53& Alcohol% gen!er an! partner

aggression: a general poplation st!y o, +ritish a!lts& A!!iction Research

an! Theory% 12% (8"5*1& A cross sectional sample o, 2*2) 1*"2 #omen%

7)" men a!lts #ere intervie#e! regar!ing their experience #ith partner

aggression& Reslts in!icate that 16; o, #omen reporte! physically aggressing

their male partners #ithin a t#o year perio!% #hile 1(; o, males reporte!

physically aggressing their ,emale partners&3

76&>raham=evan% 0& 2**)3& .omestic violence: Research an! implications ,or

batterer programmes in rope& ropean ?ornal o, 4riminal Folicy /

Research% 1(% 21(22"& A revie# article in #hich athor cites evi!ence #hich

challenges tra!itional ,eminist conceptali'ations o, J!omestic violence asnilateral maleto,emale violence enacte! to control an! !ominate #omen%

spporte! by the patriarchal belie,s an! systems o, the #i!er society&J3

7)&>raham=evan% 0&% / Archer% ?& ?ly% 2**"3& Using ?ohnsons !omestic

violence typology to classi,y men an! #omen in a nonselecte! sample& Faper

presente! at the 7th Annal @amily Eiolence Research 4on,erence% Fortsmoth%

0B& A total o, 1((7 sbIects% st!ents an! sta,, ,rom the University o, 4entral

Gancashire% respon!e! to a mo!i,ie! version o, the 4TS& Athors report that%

Jthe proportion o, #omen an! men sing any act o, physical aggressionto#ar!s their partners #as as ,ollo#s: ,rom sel,reports 27; ,or #omen an!

1); ,or men% an! ,rom partner reports (1; o, #omen an! 22; ,or men&J3

78&>ran!in% & / Gpri% & 177)3&


22/64

77&>ray% B& M& / @oshee% E& 177)3& A!olescent !ating violence& ?ornal o,

&% Yong% M& G&% Martin% S& G& / =pper% G& G&

2**13& Fartner violence among a!olescents in oppositesex romantic

relationships: @in!ings ,rom the 0ational Gongit!inal St!y o, A!olescent

Bealth& American ?ornal o, Fblic Bealth% 71% 16)7168"& A sample o, )57(

sbIects (5*" boys% 5*88 girls #ere !ra#n in 1775" ,rom a strati,ie!

ran!om sample o, high school st!ents in the Unite! States& SbIects

respon!e! to items ,rom the 4TS an! reslts reveal similar rates 12;3 o,reporte! physical violence ,or boys an! girls&3

1*2& Bamel% ?& 2**"3& >en!er


23/64

investigate the area is !e to a Jprevailing patriarchal conception o, intimate

partner violence&J3

1*5& Bamel% ?& 2**73& To#ar! a gen!erinclsive conception o, intimate

partner violence research an! theory: Fart 2ne# !irections& elles% R& ?&% / Barrop% ?& P& 17873&


24/64

1*8& Bea!ey% +&% Scott% .&% / !e Eas% .& 17773& .omestic violence in

Astralia: Are #omen an! men e9ally violentH .ata ,rom the stits% 4&% /

McGeo!% =& 4& 2**(3& 4omparison o, six mo!els ,or violent romantic

relationships in college men an! #omen& ?ornal o,


25/64

physical aggression to#ar! their male partners& Frimary reasons ,or aggression

#ere anger an! poor commnication&3

11(& Bines% .& A&% +ro#n% ?&% / .nning% & 2**)3& 4haracteristics o, callers

to the !omestic abse helpline ,or men& ?ornal o, @amily violence% 22% 6()2&

St!y examines experiences o, 17* men #ho calle! the .omestic Abse

Belpline ,or men& Reslts reveal that all callers Jexperience! physical abse

,rom their ,emale partners% an! a sbstantial minority ,eare! their #ives

violence an! #ere stal-e!&J3

115& Bines% .& A& / .oglas% & M& 2*1*3&


26/64

11)& Bir!% M& ?& 2***3& An empirical st!y o, a!olescent !ating aggression

in the U&=& ?ornal o, A!olescence% 2(% 67)8& A sample o, U&=& high school

st!ents 2)7 male% 267 ,emale #ere assesse! #ith a mo!i,ie! version o, the

4TS& Reslts in!icate that 1"; o, males an! 15; o, ,emales reporte!

experiencing physical aggression ,rom their !ating partner #ithin the past 12months&3

118& Bo,,% +& B& 17773& The ris- o, serios physical inIry ,rom assalt by a

#oman intimate& A reexamination o, 0ational Eiolence against #omen srvey

!ata on type o, assalt by an intimate& PPP&vix&com$menmag$nva#ris-&htm &

A reexamination o, the !ata ,rom the most recent 0ational violence against

#omen srvey TIa!en / Thoennes% 17783 sho#s that Jassalte! men are more

li-ely than assalte! #omen to experience serios attac-s by being hit #ith an

obIect% beat p% threatene! #ith a -ni,e or being -ni,e!&J3

117& Bolt% M& =% / spelange% .& G& 2**"3& Social spport as a mo!erator

bet#een !ating violence victimi'ation an! !epression$anxiety among A,rican

American an! 4acasian a!olescents& School Fsychology Revie#% 15% (*7

(28& A sample o, 681 mi!!le an! high school st!ents (17 males% (62

,emales% 26) A,rican Americans an! 515 4acasians respon!e! to the

Eictimi'ation in .ating Relationships scale& Reslts reveal that 5(; o, males

an! (2; o, ,emales reporte! physical violence !ating victimi'ation& More

A,rican American than 4acasians reporte! physical violence !ating

victimi'ation 5"; vs (2;&3

12*& Bolt'#orthMnroe% A& 2**"3& @emale Ferpetration o, Fhysical

Aggression Against an


27/64

among coples in +ots#ana% A,rica& ?ornal o, Aggression% 4on,lict an! Feace

Research% (% 13 511& A sample o, "62 niversity st!ents in +ots#ana )1;

,emale complete! the 4TS2& 0o signi,icant !i,,erences bet#een men an!

#omen #ere ,on! #ith regar! to physical perpetration o, partner violence&3

12(& ?en-ins% S& S&% / Abe% ?& 2**23& >en!er !i,,erences an! gen!errelate!

constrcts in !ating aggression& Fersonality an! Social Fsychology +lletin%

28% 11*61118& Use! the 4TS #ith a niversity sample o, 8" !ating coples&

Athors report that% J#omen in existing college !ating relationships are more

aggressive than men&J3

125& ?e'l% .& R&% Moli!or% 4& &% / Pright% T& G& 17763& Fhysical% sexal% an!

psychological abse in high school !ating relationships: Frevalence rates an!

sel,esteem isses& 4hil! an! A!olescent Social Por- ?ornal% 1( 13% 678)&

xamine! an ethnically !iverse sample o, crrently !ating sbIects 115 male%118 ,emale #ho respon!e! to a mo!i,ie! version o, the 4on,lict Tactics

Scale& Reslts in!icate that "*&7; o, sbIects 6(; o, males an! (7; o,

,emales reporte! being victims o, mo!erately absive behaviors sch as

Jbeing -ic-e!% slappe!% having yor hair plle!% an! being intentionally

scratche!&J3

12"& ?oriles% & 0&% / leary% =& .& 178"3&


28/64

128& =at'% ?&% =,,el% S& P&% / 4oblent'% A& 2**23& Are there gen!er

!i,,erences in sstaining !ating violenceH An examination o, ,re9ency%

severity% an! relationship satis,action& ?ornal o, @amily Eiolence% 1)% 25)

2)1& Athors report t#o st!ies #here !ating men an! #omen experience!

violence at comparable levels% Jalthogh men experience! more ,re9entmo!erate violence&J


29/64

in!icate that =orean men #ere victimi'e! by their #ives t#ice as mch as

American men% #hile =orean #omen #ere victimi'e! by their sposes three

times as mch as American #omen&3

1((& =im% ?Y&% / mery% 4& 2**(3& Marital po#er% con,lict% norm

consenss% an! marital violence in a nationally representative sample o, =orean

coples& ?ornal o,


30/64

1(8& Ganer% M& R&% / Thompson% ?& 17823& Abse an! aggression in corting

coples& .eviant +ehavior% (% 227255& Use! 4on,lict Tactics Scales #ith a

sample o, ()1 single in!ivi!als 127 men% 252 #omen an! ,on! similar

rates o, male an! ,emale violence in !ating relationships&3

1(7& GanghinrichsenRohling% ?& 2**"3& Top 1* greatest hits&


31/64

great similarity in male an! ,emale victimi'ation& Speci,ically% 8(; o, men

an! )); o, #omen ,eare! ,or their lives becase they #ere nilaterally

terrori'e! by their partners& A similar percentage 85; o, men an! #omen

#ho #ere terrori'e! by their partners receive! me!ical attention& Reports 8;

o, #omen an! ); o, men report being physically abse! #ithin last " years&3

15(& Geisring% F& A&% .o#!% G&% / Rosenbam% A& 2**(3& Treatment o,

Fartner Aggressive Pomen& ?ornal o, Aggression% Maltreatment an! Trama%

) 1$23% 2")2))& Article !iscsses in,ormation regar!ing gen!er parity in

partner aggression& Athors provi!e a rationale ,or the st!y o, ,emale

o,,en!ers an! !escribe characteristics o, partner aggressive #omen&


32/64

J!isempo#ermentJ o, men an! that o,,icial policy shol! be change! to

provi!e help ,or abse! men&3

15)& Ge#is% S& @&% / @remo#% P& 2**13& .ating violence: A critical revie#

o, the literatre& 4linical Fsychology Revie#% 21% 1*"12)& Athors examine

the literatre an! state that% Jthere is ample evi!ence that ,emales initiate more

violence than males&J .iscsses explanations ,or these ,in!ings as #ell as

J!e,icits in the present bo!y o, literatre incl!ing sampling metho!s%

!epen!ent measres an! !ata analyses&J3

158& GillIa% 4& M& 177"3& Phy #omen abse: A st!y examining the

,nction o, abse! men& Unpblishe! masters thesis% 4ali,ornia State

University% Gong +each& A revie# o, the literatre examining the isse o, men

as victims o, ,emale assalts& i!yc'% 4& A& 2**63& .ating violence among college men

an! #omen& ?ornal o,


33/64

1"2& Gysova% A& E& / .oglas% & M& 2**83& riggsby% 0&% / >ar!ner% .& 2**(3&

Pomens se o, violence #ithin intimate relationships& ?ornal o, Aggression%


34/64

Maltreatment / Trama% 6 23% ()"7& Revie#s research #hich examines

#omens se o, violence in intimate relationships& Reports a nmber o, st!ies

#hich !ocment the increase! arrests o, #omen in !omestic !isptes&3

1"8& Malone% ?&% Tyree% A&% / Geary% =& .& 17873& >enerali'ation an!

containment: .i,,erent e,,ects o, past aggression ,or #ives an! hsban!s&

?ornal o, Marriage an! the @amily% "1% 68)67)&


35/64

#omen #ith the Thematic Apperception Test TAT% Gi,e xperiences

Srvey an! the 4TS& @on! that there #ere no signi,icant gen!er !i,,erences in

terms o, the in,liction o, physical abse& Men #ith high po#er nee!s #ere

more li-ely to be physically absive #hile highly stresse! #omen #ith high

nee!s ,or a,,iliation an! lo# activity inhibition #ere the most li-ely to be physically absive& Reslts in!icate that physical abse occrre! most o,ten

among committe! coples&3

16(& Matthe#s% P& ?& 17853& Eiolence in college coples& 4ollege St!ent

?ornal% 18% 1"*1"8& A srvey o, ("1 college st!ents 12( men an! 228

#omen reveale! that )7 22&8 ; reporte! at least one inci!ent o, !ating

violence& +oth men an! #omen ascribe! Ioint responsibility ,or violent

behavior an! both sexes% as either recipients or expressors o, aggression%

interprete! violence as a ,orm o, Jlove&J3

165& Max,iel!% M& >& 17873& 4ircmstances in spplementary homici!e

reports: Eariety an! vali!ity& 4riminology% 2)% 6)167"& xamines @+<

homici!e !ata ,rom 17)6 throgh 178"& Reports that 7%822 #ives / common

la# #ives "); #ere -ille! compare! to )%5(( hsban!s an! common la#

hsban!s 5(;3&

16"& Mc4arthy% A& 2**1&3 >en!er !i,,erences in the inci!ences o,% motives

,or% an! conse9ences o,% !ating violence among college st!ents&

Unpblishe! Masters thesis% 4ali,ornia State University% Gong +each&


36/64

?stice Qarterly% 1% 1)117(& @rom a !ata set o, 6%2** cases o, sposal abse

in the .etroit area in 17)8)7 ,on! that men se! #eapons 2"; o, the time

#hile ,emale assailants se! #eapons 86; o, the time% )5; o, men sstaine!

inIry an! o, these 85; re9ire! me!ical care& 4oncl!es that male victims

are inIre! more o,ten an! more seriosly than ,emale victims&3

168& Mc0eely% R& G&% 4oo-% F& P& / Torres% ?& +& 2**13& & 178)3& The trth abot

!omestic violence: A ,alsely ,rame! isse& Social Por-% (2% 58"57*& A revie#

article #hich concl!es that #omen are as violent as men in !omestic

relationships&3

1)1& Mechem% 4& 4&% Sho,er% @& S&% Reinhar!% S& S&% Bornig% S&% / .atner% &

17773& Bistory o, !omestic violence among male patients presenting to an

rban emergency !epartment& Aca!emic mergency Me!icine% 6% )86)71&

.ata #as collecte! over a 1( #ee- perio! at an emergency clinic in

Fhila!elphia #hich ,ocse! on inIries to male patients& Reslts reveale! that

12&6; o, 866 men #ere victims o, !omestic violence& Athors cite pblishe!

,in!ings that 15&5; o, #omen treate! in mergency !epartments ha! been

physically or sexally abse! by an intimate partner& 4ompare! to non

victims% victims #ere more li-ely to be single "2;% yonger )&" yrs an!

A,ricanAmerican 61;&


37/64

xamine! @+< ,igres regar!ing sposal homici!es& .ring the 1* year perio!

,rom 17)" to 178" ,on! higher mr!er rates o, #ives than hsban!s 5(&5;

vs "6&6;& +lac- hsban!s #ere at the greatest ris- o, victimi'ation& Sposal

homici!e among blac-s #as 8&5 times higher than that o, #hites& Spose

homici!e rates #ere )&) times higher in interracial marriages an! the ris- o,victimi'ation ,or both #hites an! blac-s increase! as age !i,,erences bet#een

sposes increase!& Pives an! hsban!s #ere e9ally li-ely to be -ille! by

,irearms approximately )2; o, the time #hile hsban!s #ere more li-ely to

be stabbe! an! #ives more li-ely to bl!geone! to !eath& Argments

apparently escalate! to mr!er in 6); o, spose homici!es&3

1)(& Mere!ith% P& B&% Abbot% .& A&% / A!ams% S& G& 17863& @amily violence

in relation to marital an! parental satis,action an! ,amily strengths& ?ornal o,

@amily Eiolence% 1% 277(*"& Athors report that 6; o, men an! "; o,

#omen in 0ebras-a in!icate! that they se! severe violence at least once in the

previos year&3

1)5& Merrill% G& G&% =ing% G& =&% Milner% ?& S&% 0e#ell% 4& &% / =oss% M& F&

17783& Fremilitary intimate partner con,lict resoltion in a 0avy basic trainee

sample& Military Fsychology% 1*% 11"& A sample o, 2% 78) %1%"6* #omen%

1%52) men 0avy basic trainees respon!e! to the 4TS& More men 5(&(;

than #omen 5*&(; reporte! receiving physical violence ,rom an intimate

partner% an! more #omen 56&7; than men (1&7; reporte! at least one

instance o, in,licting physical violence on an intimate partner&3

1)"& Migliaccio% T& A& 2**23& Abse! hsban!s: A 0arrative analysis&

?ornal o, @amily


38/64

o, male marital violence& @or #omen the most important pre!ictor o, the

experience o, both minor an! serios marital violence #as marital satis,action%

class #as also a pre!ictor& Pith regar! to ,emale perpetrators o, marital

violence the #itnessing o, parental violence #as an important pre!ictor along

#ith class an! marital satis,action& The social learning mo!el #or-e! better ,or#omen than men&3

1))& Milar!o% R& M& 17783& >en!er asymmetry in common cople violence&

Fersonal Relationships% "% 52(5(8& A sample o, 18* college st!ents 88

men% )2 #omen #ere as-e! #hether they #ol! be li-ely to hit their partner

in a nmber o, sitations common to a !ating relationship& Reslts reveal that

8(; o, the #omen% compare! to "(; o, the men% in!icate! that they #ol! be

some#hat li-ely to hit their partner&3

1)8& Mirrlees+lac-% 4& 17773& @in!ings ,rom a ne# +ritish 4rime Srveysel,completion 9estionnaire& Bome ,,ice Research% .evelopment an!

Statistics .irectorate report 171& Bome ,,ice& Gon!on% BMS&


39/64

typology& Eiolence an! Eictims% 1)% 5*(528& A sample o, 228 men an! 552

#omen #ere assesse! #ith a mo!i,ie! version o, the 4TS2& Reslts reveal

2); o, men an! (); o, #omen reporte! perpetrating physical violence on

their partners&3

182& Morse% +& ?& 177"3& +eyon! the 4on,lict Tactics Scale: Assessing

gen!er !i,,erences in partner violence& Eiolence an! Eictims% 1* 53% 2"12)2&

.ata #as analy'e! ,rom the 0ational Yoth Srvey% a longit!inal st!y begn

in 17)6 #ith 1%)2" sbIects #ho #ere !ra#n ,rom a probability sample o,

hosehol!s in the Unite! States an! #ho% in 17)6% #ere bet#een the ages o, 11

1)& This st!y ,ocse! on violence as assesse! by the 4TS bet#een male an!

,emale marrie! or cohabiting respon!ents !ring srvey years 178( nO1%576%

1786 nO1%(85% 1787 nO1%5(6% an! 1772 nO1%(5*& @or each srvey year

the prevalence rates o, any violence an! severe violence #ere signi,icantly

higher ,or ,emale to male than ,or male to ,emale& @or example% in 178( the

rate o, any violence male to ,emale #as (6&)% #hile the rate o, any violence

,emale to male #as 58 in 1786% the rate o, severe violence male to ,emale #as

7&"% #hile the rate o, severe violence ,emale to male #as 22&8&


40/64

185& Mno'Rivas% M& ?&% >rana% ?& G&% Geary% =& .&% / >on'ale'% M& F&

2**)3& Aggression in a!olescent !ating relationships: prevalence% Isti,ication%

an! health conse9ences& ?ornal o, A!olescent Bealth% 5*% 278(*5& A

sample o, 2516 high school st!ents 1516 #omen% 1*** men ,rom 2*

!i,,erent schools in Ma!ri!% Spain complete! a mo!i,ie! 4TS& Reslts revealthat signi,icantly more #omen% 51&7; compare! to (1&); o, men% a!mitte! to

perpetrating some ,orm o, physical aggression to#ar! their !ating partners&

Pomen #ere signi,icantly more li-ely to hit or -ic- 1(&5; vs "&(;% slap

12&5; vs (&1; an! shove or grab 22&"; vs 11&7; than men&3

18"& Mrphy% ?& & 17883& .ate abse an! ,orce! intercorse among college

st!ents& & F& Botaling% .& @in-elhor% ?& T& =ir-patric-% / M& A& Stras

!s&3 @amily Abse an! its 4onse9ences: 0e# .irections in Research pp&

28"2763& +everly Bills% 4A: Sage& A sample o, 58" single college st!ents

2(* men% 2"" #omen complete! the 4TS& verall men reporte! greater

victimi'ation than #omen& @or example% 2*&); o, men compare! to 12&8; o,

#omen reporte! being -ic-e!% bit or hit #ith a ,ist an! 6; o, men compare! to

(&6; o, #omen reporte! being beaten p by their heterosexal partner&3

186& M#am#en!a% T& S& 17783& Reports o, hsban! battering ,rom an

n!ergra!ate sample in Umtata& Fsychological Reports% 82% "1)"18&

Srveye! a sample o, 1(8 ,emale an! 81 male college st!ents in Trans-ei%

Soth A,rica% regar!ing their #itnessing hsban!ing battery& Responses reveal

that 2; o, sbIects sa# their mother beat their ,ather% 18; sa# or hear! ,emalerelatives beating their hsban!s% an! 26; sa# or hear! ,emale neighbors

beating their hsban!s&3

18)& 0ia'% U&% Bassan% S&% / Tari9% Q& 2**23& Fsychological conse9ences o,

intimate partner violence: ,orms o, !omestic abse in both gen!ers& Fa-istan

?ornal o, Me!ical Science% 18 (3% 2*"215& A sample o, 15* )* men% )*

#omen otpatient psychiatric patients in Fa-istan #ere assesse! #ith the

=arachi .omestic Eiolence Screening Scale& @in!ings reveal that 17 men

2); an! (* #omen 5(; reporte! being victims o, physical abse in their !omestic relationships&3

188& 0icholls% T& G& / .tton% .& >& 2**13& Abse committe! by #omen

against male intimates& ?ornal o, 4oples Therapy% 1* 13% 51")& A

comprehensive revie# o, the literatre #hich concl!es that Jmen are as li-ely

as #omen to be victims o, intimate assalts&J3


41/64

187& 0isono,,% G& / +itman%


42/64

175& Geary% =& .&% Slep% A& M& S&% AveryGea,% S&% / 4ascar!i% M& 2**83&

>en!er !i,,erences in !ating aggression among mltiethnic high school

st!ents& ?ornal o, A!olescent Bealth% 52% 5)(5)7& A sample o, 2(6(

st!ents 1186 boys% 11)) girls ,rom ) mltiethnic high schools in 0e# Yor-

#ere assesse! #ith a mo!i,ie! 4on,lict Tactics Scale& The vast maIority o,sbIects #ere bet#een 1" an! 18 years ol! an! ethnicities incl!e! #hite%

A,ricanAmerican% Bispanic an! Asian& Reslts reveal that among those

crrently !ating st!ents maleO"5(% ,emaleO)*6 25; o, males reporte!

perpetrating physical aggression compare! to 5*; o, ,emales #ho reporte!

perpetrating physical aggression& Similar rates o, victimi'ation an! inIry #ere

reporte! by males an! ,emales& 0o !i,,erences in ethnicities #ere reporte!

except ,or the ,in!ing that Asian males #ere less aggressive to#ar! their !ating

partners&3

17"& Geary% =& .&% Tintle% 0&% +romet% & ?&% / >l'man% S& @& 2**83&

.escriptive epi!emiology o, intimate partner aggression in U-raine& Social

Fsychiatry an! Fsychiatric pi!emiology% 5(% 617626& A nationally

representative sample ,rom the U-raine consisting o, 1%116 marrie! or co

habiting a!lts ""8 men% ""8 #omen respon!e! to items mo!i,ie! ,rom the

4TS& Reslts in!icate that an e9al nmber 18&); vs 18&"; o, men an!

#omen reporte! ever aggressing against their partners an! e9al nmbers

11&5; vs 11&(; report aggressing against their partners in the past year&3

176& Geary% S& >&% / Slep% A& M& S& 2**63& Frecipitants o, FartnerAggression& ?ornal o, @amily Fsychology% 2*% (55(5)& A ran!om sample o,

5"( coples% #ho #ere cohabiting an! raising a chil! bet#een the ages o, ()%

#as assesse! #ith the 4TS2 an! a scale to evalate precipitants ,or Fartner

Aggression F4FT& Reslts reveal that #omen #ere more li-ely than men to

perpetrate both mil! 2(&8; vs ((&8; an! severe 8&5; vs 11&";

aggression& Pith regar!s to precipitation% the athors state that% JMen #ere

more li-ely than #omen to report partner physical aggression as a precipitant

,or their o#n mil! physical aggression&J Phile the physical aggression o,

#omen #as more li-ely to be precipitate! by their partners verbal aggression%athors go on to concl!e% JThese ,in!ings sggest that #omen may o,ten be

the ,irst to escalate a con,lict an! se physical aggression&J3

17)& lshen% &% McEeigh% =& B&% PnschBit'ig% R& A&% / Ric-ert% E&


43/64

representative sample consisting o, 8*8* teenagers 5118 girls% (762 boys

,rom 8) 0e# Yor- 4ity pblic high schools #ere sbIects in this investigation&


44/64

2*1& Frospero% M& 2**)3& Mental health symptoms among ,emale an! male

victims o, partner violence& American ?ornal o, Mens Bealth% 1% 2672))&

An ethnically !iverse sample 2); Bispanic% 18; A,ricanAmerican% 25;

Asian% an! (*; Phite o, ")( college st!ents 251 male% ((2 ,emale

respon!e! to the 4TS2 an! a mental healthy symptom 9estionnaire& Resltsreveal no !i,,erences bet#een males an! ,emales on partner abse& Athor

reports that Jhigher mental health problems #ere not relate! to #hether the

victim #as ,emale or male% bt rather to the amont o, partner violence that the

victim experience!&J3

2*2& Frospero% M& 2**73& Sexsymmetric e,,ects o, coercive behaviors on

mental healthH 0ot exactly& ?ornal o,


45/64

2*6& Riggs% .& S&% Geary% =& .&% / +reslin% @& 4& 177*3& Mltiple correlates

o, physical aggression in !ating coples& ?ornal o, rassi% M& 2**)3& .oes violence a,,ect one gen!er more

than the otherH The mental health impact o, violence among male an! ,emale

niversity st!ents& Social Science / Me!icine% 6"% 122212(5& A sample o,

"*2


46/64

211& Rose% G& F&% +reen% R&% / Bo#ell% M& 17883& Abse in intimate

relationships& A 4omparison o, marrie! an! !ating college st!ents& ?ornal o,

& 176(3& Male an! ,emale relations in the American comic

strip& lencoe% 0Y: The @ree Fress& T#enty consective e!itions o,

all comic strips in nine 0e# Yor- 4ity ne#spapers in ctober% 17"* #ere

examine!& Reslts reveal that hsban!s #ere victims o, aggression in 6(; o,

con,lict sitations #hile #ives #ere victims in (7; o, sitations& en!er .i,,erences in violence exposre


47/64

among niversity st!ents atten!ing camps health clinics in the Unite! States

an! 4ana!a& ?ornal o, A!olescent Bealth& .ata #as collecte! ,rom a cross

sectional srvey o, 2*71 st!ents )1) men% 1()5 #omen at ,ive niversities

#ho came ,or rotine primary care& SbIects #ere primarily #hite 82;3 an!

respon!e! to items ,rom the 4TS& Reslts in!icate that% Jboth men an! #omenreporte! a similar prevalence o, physical violence ,rom intimate partners&J

21)& Saranta-os% S& 2**53& .econstrcting sel,!e,ense in #i,etohsban!

violence& ?ornal o, Mens St!ies% 12 (3% 2))276& Members o, 68 ,amilies

#ith violent #ives in Astralia #ere st!ie!&


48/64

221& Sch#art'% M&% Geary% S& >&% / =en!'iora% =& T& 177)3& .ating

aggression among high school st!ents& Eiolence an! Eictims% 12% 27"(*"&

A sample o, 228 122 male% 1*6 ,emale high school st!ents #ere assesse!

#ith the 4on,lict Tactics Scale as it relate! to the se o, physical aggression

!ring an argment #ith an opposite sex !ating partner& Reslts in!icate that55; o, ,emales an! only 16; o, males reporte! engaging in at least one

physically aggressive behavior !ring a !isagreement& Athors speclate that

cltrally boys have inhibite! their !ating aggression% girls have become less

intimi!ate! by their !ating partners than they once #ere& Athors cite research

#hich sho#s that parents are more li-ely to pnish boys than girls #hen they

,ight #ith their siblings&3

222& Sharpe% .&% / Taylor% ?& =& 17773& An examination o, variables ,rom a

social!evelopmental mo!el to explain physical an! psychological !ating

violence& 4ana!ian ?ornal o, +ehavioral Science% (1:(% 16"1)"& 4ana!ian

college st!ents 11* men% 22" #omen #ere srveye! #ith the 4on,lict

Tactics Scale regar!ing !ating violence& Reslts reveal that (8; o, men an!

2); o, #omen report receiving physical violence ,rom their partners& T#ice as

many #omen compare! to men reporte! in,licting violence #ithot receiving

physical violence ,rom !ating partners&3

22(& Shoo-% 0& ?&% >errity% .& A&% ?rich% ?& / Segrist% A& & 2***3& 4ortship

violence among college st!ents: A comparison o, verbally an! physically

absive coples& ?ornal o, @amily Eiolence% 1"% 122& A mo!i,ie! 4on,lictTactics Scale #as a!ministere! to ")2 college st!ents (7" #omen 1))

men& Reslts reveal that signi,icantly more #omen than men% 2(&"; vs

1(&*;% a!mitte! sing physical ,orce against a !ating partner&3

225& Sigelman% 4& =&% +erry% 4& ?&% / Piles% =& A& 17853& Eiolence in college

st!ents !ating relationships& ?ornal o, Applie! Social Fsychology% "% "(*

"58& Srveye! "*5 college st!ents 116 men% (88 #omen #ith the 4on,lict

Tactics Scale an! ,on! that men an! #omen #ere similar in the overall

amont o, violence they expresse! bt that men reporte! experiencingsigni,icantly more violence than #omen&3

22"& Simonelli% 4& ?& /


49/64

& & / Mrray% R& F& 17723& Alcoholconsmption% alcohol abse% personality an! ,emale perpetrate! spose abse&

?ornal o, Fersonality an!


50/64

li-ely to perpetrate violence& 0ote: The sample o, sbIects is the same as the

one cite! in Sommers 1775 !issertation&3

227& Sorenson% S& +&% / Telles% 4& A& 17713& Sel, reports o, sposal violence

in a MexicanAmerican an! nonBispanic #hite poplation& Eiolence an!

Eictims% 6% (1"& Srveye! 1%25( MexicanAmericans an! 1%157 nonBispanic

#hites an! ,on! that #omen compare! to men reporte! higher rates o, hitting%

thro#ing obIects% initiating violence% an! stri-ing ,irst more than once& >en!er

!i,,erence #as signi,icant only ,or nonBispanic #hites&3

2(*& Sorenson% S& +&% Upchrch% .& M&% / Shen% B& 17763& Eiolence an!

inIry in marital argments: ris- patterns an! gen!er !i,,erences& American

?ornal o, Fblic Bealth% 66 13% ("5*& .ata analysis #as base! on ,in!ings

,rom the 0ational Srvey o, @amilies an! Bosehol!s con!cte! in 178)88&

SbIects incl!e! 6))7 crrently marrie! Phite% +lac- an! Bispanicin!ivi!als #ho complete! a mo!i,ie! version o, the 4on,lict Tactics Scale&

Athors report that% J#omen 6&2; vs 5&7; #ere slightly more li-ely than

men to report that they ha! hit% shove! or thro#n something at their spose in

the previos year&J Pomen also reporte! higher rates o, casing inIry than !i!

men& ther ,in!ings o, note: 13 +lac-s #ere 1&"8 times more li-ely an!

Bispanics *&"( times less li-ely than Phites to report that physical violence

occrre! in their relationship 23 SbIects n!er (* reporte! more violence an!

those above "* reporte! less violence (3 lo#er annal income #as associate!

#ith higher rates o, physical violence&3

2(1& Spencer% >& A&% / +ryant% S& A& 2***3& .ating violence: A comparison

o, rral% sbrban an! rban teens& ?ornal o, A!olescent Bealth% 2" "3% (*2

(*"& A sample o, 2*75 high school st!ents in pper 0e# Yor- State

in!icate! their experience o, physical !ating violence& There #ere a similar

nmber o, boys an! girls srveye!% #ith more sbIects ,rom rban areas than

rral or sbrban areas& The maIority o, sbIects #ere #hite nonBispanic&

Males in each region #ere more li-ely to report being victims o, physical

!ating violence than ,emales in each region& Speci,ically% (*; o, rral boysan! 2*; o, rban an! 2*; o, sbrban boys reporte! being victims o, partner

physical aggression #hile 2"; o, rral girls an! 16; o, sbrban an! 1(; o,

rban girls reporte! victimi'ation&3

2(2& Stacy% 4& G&% Schan!el% G& M&% @lannery% P& S&% 4onlon% M&% / Milar!o%

R& M& 17753&


51/64

o, Maine% 17821772& 4ollege St!ent ?ornal% 28% 27& Three separate

samples o, st!ents #ere assesse! in 1782% 178) an! 1772 #ith the 4TS&

Athors report that the rate o, partner abse has more than !oble! over a 1*

year perio!&


52/64

2()& Stets% ?& &% / Firog>oo!% M& A& 178)3& Eiolence in !ating

relationships% Social Fsychology Qarterly% "*% 2()256& xamine! a college

sample o, "*" #hite st!ents& @on! that men an! #omen #ere similar in both

their se an! reception o, violence& ?ealosy #as a ,actor in explaining !ating

violence ,or #omen&3

2(8& Stets% ?& & / Firog>oo!% M& A& 17873& Fatterns o, physical an! sexal

abse ,or men an! #omen in !ating relationships: A !escriptive analysis%

?ornal o, @amily Eiolence% 5% 6()6& xamine! a sample o, 28) college

st!ents 118 men an! 167 #omen an! ,on! similar rates ,or men an!

#omen o, lo# level physical abse in !ating relationships& More #omen than

men #ere pshe! or shove! 25; vs 1*; #hile more men than #omen #ere

slappe! 12; vs 8;& oo!% M& A& 177*3& & G& 17783& Mens Acconts o, .omestic Eiolence&

Unpblishe! masters thesis& .ea-in University% Astralia& T#enty male


53/64

victims o, !omestic violence #ere intervie#e! sing a semistrctre!

protocol& Many sbIects incrre! sever physical violence an! #ere Jmostly

!istrbe! by ,alse accsations o, violence on their part% an! their partners se

o, their chil!ren against the% #hich they ,elt #ere spporte! by the legal system

an! the commnity&J3

252& Stras% M& 178*3& Eictims an! aggressors in marital violence& American

+ehavioral Scientist% 2(% 681)*5& Revie#s !ata ,rom the 17)" 0ational

Srvey& xamine! a sbsample o, (2" violent coples an! ,on! that in 57&";

o, cases both hsban!s an! #ives committe! at least one violent act% #hile

hsban!s alone #ere violent in 2)&); o, the cases an! #ives alone #ere

violent in 22&); o, the cases& @on! that 158 violent hsban!s ha! an average

nmber o, )&1 aggressive acts per year #hile the 1)) violent #ives average!

6&8 aggressive acts per year&3

25(& Stras% M& A& 177"3& Tren!s in cltral norms an! rates o, partner

violence: An p!ate to 1772&


54/64

)7*811& .ating aggression #as st!ie! at (1 niversities in 16 contries

#orl!#i!e& Respon!ing to the revise! 4on,lict Tactics Scale #ere 8666

st!ents "717 #omen% 2)5) men& Reslts reveal that overall 2"; o, men

an! 28; o, #omen assalte! their !ating partner in the past year& At 21 o, the

(1 niversities st!ie! a larger percentage o, #omen than men assalte! their!ating partner&


55/64

257& Stras% M& A& 2**83& .ominance an! symmetry in partner violence by

male an! ,emale niversity st!ents in (2 nations& 4hil!ren an! Yoth Services

Revie#% (*% 2"22)"& A convenience sample o, 1(%6*1 st!ents )1&";

#omen% 28&"; men at 68 niversities in (2 contries complete! the 4TS2&

@in!ings reveal that almost a thir! o, st!ents assalte! their !ating partners ina 12 month perio!& elles% R& ?& 17863& Societal change an! change in

,amily violence ,rom 17)" to 178" as reveale! by t#o national srveys&

?ornal o, Marriage an! the @amily% 58% 56"5)7& Revie#e! !ata ,rom t#o

large sample national violence srveys o, marrie! coples an! report that men

an! #omen assalte! each other at approximately e9ally rates% #ith #omen

engaging in minor acts o, violence at a higher rate than men& Sample si'e in17)" srveyO2%15( sample si'e in 178" srveyO6%**2&3

2"(& Stras% M& A&% >elles% R& ?&% / Steinmet'% S& =& 17813& +ehin! close!

!oors: Eiolence in the American ,amily% >ar!en 4ity% 0?: Anchor& Reports

,in!ings ,rom 0ational @amily Eiolence srvey con!cte! in 17)"&


56/64

violence 1;3% #hile ?e#ish #omen ha! a rate o, absive sposal violence

#hich #as more than !oble the rate ,or Frotestant #omen );% pp& 128

1((& Absive violence #as !e,ine! as an Jact #hich has a high potential ,or

inIring the person being hit%J pp&212&3

2"5& Stras% M& A&% Bamby% S& G&% +oneyMc4oy% S&% / Sgarman% .& +&

17763& The Revise! 4on,lict Tactics Scales 4TS23& .evelopment an!

preliminary psychometric !ata& ?ornal o, @amily & 1775% ?ly3& 4hange in spose

assalt rates ,rom 17)"1772: A comparison o, three national srveys in the

Unite! States& Faper presente! at the Thirteenth Porl! 4ongress o, Sociology%

+iele,el!% >ermany& Reports that the tren! o, !ecreasing severe assalts by

hsban!s ,on! in the 0ational Srvey ,rom 17)" to 178" has contine! in the

1772 srvey #hile #ives maintaine! higher rates o, assalt&3

2"6& Stras% M& A&% =a,man =antor% >&% / Moore% .& P& 1775% Agst3&4hange in cltral norms approving marital violence ,rom 1768 to 1775& Faper

presente! at the American Sociological Association% Gos Angeles% 4A&

4ompare! srveys con!cte! in 1768 nO1%1)6% 178" nO6%**2% 1772

nO1%7)*% an! 1775 nO"25% #ith regar! to the approval o, ,acial slapping

by a spose& Approval o, slapping by hsban!s !ecrease! ,rom 21; in 1768 to

1(; in 178"% to 12; in 1772% to 1*; in 1775& The approval o, slapping by

#ives #as 22; in 1768 an! has not !ecline! over the years&3

2")& Stras% M& A&% / Me!eiros% R& A& 2**2% 0ovember3& >en!er !i,,erences

in ris- ,actors ,or physical violence bet#een !ating partners by niversity

st!ents& Faper presente! at annal meeting o, the American Society ,or

4riminology% 4hicago%


57/64

2"8& Stras% M& A&% / Mora!ian% E& & 1777% 0ovember3& Freliminary

psychometric !ata ,or the Fersonal Relationships Fro,ile FRF3: A mltiscale

tool ,or clinical screening an! research on partner violence& Faper presente! at

the annal meeting o, the American Society o, 4riminology% Toronto% 4ana!a&


58/64

intimate relationships& ?ornal o, @amily Eiolence% 1) 53% (1"(5*& A sample

o, (16 Mexican Americans 161 men% 1"" #omen #ere evalate! #ith the

4TS2& SbIects average age #as in the mi! (*s% most #ere marrie!% an! all

#ere nglishspea-ers& Reslts reveal no !i,,erences in the victimi'ation o,

physical assalts ("; vs ();& Bo#ever% a greater percentage o, men 15vs 1* reporte! physical inIries&3

26(& S#ahn% M& B&% Simon% T& R&% Arias%


59/64

26)& S'inovac'% M& & 178(3& Using cople !ata as a metho!ological tool:

The case o, marital violence& ?ornal o, Marriage an! the @amily% 5"% 6((655&

Use! 4on,lict Tactics Scale #ith 1*( coples an! ,on! that the #ives rates o,

physical aggression #as some#hat higher than hsban!s&3

268& Tang% 4& S& 17753& Frevalence o, spose aggression in Bong =ong&

?ornal o, @amily Eiolence% 7% (5)("6& SbIects #ere (82 n!ergra!ates

256 #omen% 1(6 men at the 4hinese University in Bong =ong& The 4TS

#as se! to assess st!ents evalation o, their parents responses !ring ,amily

con,lict& 15; o, st!ents reporte! that their parents engage! in physical

violence& JMothers #ere as li-ely as ,athers to se actal physical ,orce to#ar!

their sposes&J3

267& Tang% 4& S& 17773& Marital po#er an! aggression in a commnity

sample o, Bong =ong 4hinese ,amilies& ?ornal o,


60/64

o,,en!ers in lethal !omestic assalts& +oth victims an! o,,en!ers #ere

!isproportionately blac- & & & blac- #omen #ere e9ally or more3 li-ely than

blac- men to be the perpetrators o, intimate !omestic homici!e& Among non

Bispanic #hites incl!ing Asians% others3 there #ere 6( ,emale intimate

partner homici!e o,,en!ers ,or every 1** male o,,en!ers&J


61/64

2)6& Eivian% .&% / GanghinrichsenRohling% ?& 17763& Are bi!irectionally

violent coples mtally victimi'e!H


62/64

66&(; vs 57&5;% thro# something at partners 62; vs 5";% slap their

partners "(&(; vs (8&6;% an! hit #ith something 5)&1; vs (*&7;&3

281& Phita-er% .& ?&% Baileyess% T&% S#ahn% M&% / Salt'man% G& S& 2**)3&

.i,,erences in ,re9ency o, violence an! reporte! inIry bet#een relationships

#ith reciprocal an! nonreciprocal intimate partner violence& American ?ornal

o, Fblic Bealth% 7)% 75175)& A sample o, 11%()* yong a!lts 56; male%

"5; ,emale )*; #hite% 1"; blac-% 1*&); Bispanic% 5&( ; other age! 1828%

#ho #ere !ra#n ,rom the 2**1 0ational Gongit!inal St!y o, A!olescent

Bealth% respon!e! to a mo!i,ie! version o, the 4TS& Reslts in!icate that

almost 25; o, all relationships ha! some physical violence an! that hal, the

violence #as reciprocal&


63/64

aggression% #hile (7; o, the men an! (2; o, the #omen receive! some ,orm

o, physical aggression&3

28"& Pilliams% S& G&% / @rie'e%


64/64

P"rti"n$ "# t'i$ aer ,ere re$ente- at t'e A!eri&an P$%&'"(")i&a( S"&iet%

C"n*enti"n in Wa$'in)t"n+ D.C. Ma% /+ 0112.

Ear(ier *er$i"n$ "# t'i$ aer aeare- in Se34a(it% an- C4(t4re+ 0112+ 0+ 256

78+ an- Se34a(it% an- C4(t4re+ 99/+ 7+ N". 56/;+ 0/96022+ Se34a(it% an-

C4(t4re+ 909+ 0/ 0;+ /1610.

Special than-s to .iane Roe ,or her assistance in p!ating this bibliography&

C"%ri)'t+ 900. Martin S. Fiebert

fiebert_assaults by women on their male partners

Documents