fiba rules review & discussion cam moskal mabo provincial interpreter

FIBA Rules FIBA Rules Review & Review & DiscussionDiscussion

Cam MoskalCam MoskalMABO Provincial InterpreterMABO Provincial Interpreter

FIBA Rules Review & DiscussionFIBA Rules Review & Discussion

AgendaAgenda FIBA Philosophy & General PrinciplesFIBA Philosophy & General Principles

– Rules of ContactRules of Contact– Cylinder PrincipleCylinder Principle– Principle of VerticalityPrinciple of Verticality

““Trouble” RulesTrouble” Rules– Unsportsmanlike FoulUnsportsmanlike Foul– Technical FoulTechnical Foul– Ball Goes Into Team’s Frontcourt / Ball Returned to Ball Goes Into Team’s Frontcourt / Ball Returned to

the Backcourtthe Backcourt– Traveling: Player Falling on the FloorTraveling: Player Falling on the Floor– Basket Interference / GoaltendingBasket Interference / Goaltending

FIBA Philosophy & FIBA Philosophy & Fundamental Fundamental

PrinciplesPrinciples

FIBA Philosophy & Fundamental PrinciplesFIBA Philosophy & Fundamental Principles

At ALL levels of competition and for ALL levels of officials…At ALL levels of competition and for ALL levels of officials…understand that:understand that:

Common sense is a vital pre-requisite in a good official. Common sense is a vital pre-requisite in a good official.

A clear and thorough understanding of, not only the Official A clear and thorough understanding of, not only the Official Basketball Rules, but also the spirit of the game, is absolutely Basketball Rules, but also the spirit of the game, is absolutely essential. essential.

By penalizing every technical infraction that occurs, the official will By penalizing every technical infraction that occurs, the official will only succeed in producing dissatisfied spectators, players and only succeed in producing dissatisfied spectators, players and coaches.coaches.

What is the Tower Philosophy?What is the Tower Philosophy?

Over 50 years ago, Dr. John Bunn, IAABO Interpreter and editor of Over 50 years ago, Dr. John Bunn, IAABO Interpreter and editor of the NCAA Rules, introduced what was called the “Oswald Tower the NCAA Rules, introduced what was called the “Oswald Tower Philosophy,” named for his friend and fellow IAABO Interpreter, Philosophy,” named for his friend and fellow IAABO Interpreter, Oswald Tower.Oswald Tower.

The philosophy best represented what the Basketball Rules The philosophy best represented what the Basketball Rules Committee believed and supported regarding the officiating of a Committee believed and supported regarding the officiating of a contest. The same philosophy is embraced by FIBA through its World contest. The same philosophy is embraced by FIBA through its World Technical Commission. Technical Commission.

This philosophy represents a This philosophy represents a realisticrealistic approach that would approach that would guide the judgment of officials in making decisions on all guide the judgment of officials in making decisions on all situations where situations where the effect upon the play is the key factorthe effect upon the play is the key factor in in determining whether or not an infraction has occurred. determining whether or not an infraction has occurred.


As an illustration, if A1 sets a legal screen on B1 and B1 generates As an illustration, if A1 sets a legal screen on B1 and B1 generates notable contact with A1, should play stop and a foul be called on B1? notable contact with A1, should play stop and a foul be called on B1?

What about A2, who executed the play just as the coach designed it, What about A2, who executed the play just as the coach designed it, used the legal screen and has broken free for an easy lay-up? used the legal screen and has broken free for an easy lay-up?

If an official did not take a realistic approach to this particular situation If an official did not take a realistic approach to this particular situation and officiated literally, and officiated literally, team A would be penalizedteam A would be penalized and the game would and the game would be one of continual fouls and whistle blowing.be one of continual fouls and whistle blowing.

If there is no apparent disadvantage to an opponent, then If there is no apparent disadvantage to an opponent, then realistically speaking, no rules violation has occurred. The official realistically speaking, no rules violation has occurred. The official must use discretion in applying this rule and all rules.must use discretion in applying this rule and all rules.

…THE TOWER PHILOSOPHY!


TOWER PHILOSOPHY STATED ANOTHER WAYTOWER PHILOSOPHY STATED ANOTHER WAY

If players are unfairly affected as a result of an infraction of If players are unfairly affected as a result of an infraction of the rules, then the player not in compliance must be the rules, then the player not in compliance must be penalized, but if there has been no appreciable effect upon penalized, but if there has been no appreciable effect upon the progress of the game, then the game shall not be stopped. the progress of the game, then the game shall not be stopped. The action should be ignored. The official must determine The action should be ignored. The official must determine immediately if the contact is incidental. immediately if the contact is incidental.

For example, the crowd is screaming for an “over the back For example, the crowd is screaming for an “over the back foul” on B1 when the ball is hit out of bounds but realistically foul” on B1 when the ball is hit out of bounds but realistically and practically, no infraction has occurred.and practically, no infraction has occurred.

FIBA Philosophy & Fundamental PrinciplesFIBA Philosophy & Fundamental Principles

Therefore, when deciding on a personal contact or violation, the Therefore, when deciding on a personal contact or violation, the officials shall, in each instance, have regard to and weigh the officials shall, in each instance, have regard to and weigh the following fundamental principles:following fundamental principles:

The spirit and intent of the rules and the need to uphold the integrity of the The spirit and intent of the rules and the need to uphold the integrity of the game.game.

Consistency in the application of the concept of Consistency in the application of the concept of advantage/disadvantage:advantage/disadvantage:– Do not seek to interrupt the flow of the game unnecessarilyDo not seek to interrupt the flow of the game unnecessarily

Consistency in the application of common sense:Consistency in the application of common sense:– Bearing in mind the abilities, attitude, and conduct of the Bearing in mind the abilities, attitude, and conduct of the

playersplayers Consistency in the maintenance of a balance between game Consistency in the maintenance of a balance between game

control and game flow:control and game flow:– having a 'feeling' for what the participants are trying to do and having a 'feeling' for what the participants are trying to do and calling calling

what is right for the gamewhat is right for the game

ContactContact

PreamblePreamble

During a game in which 10 players are During a game in which 10 players are moving at speed in a limited space, moving at speed in a limited space, personal contact cannot be avoided – it is personal contact cannot be avoided – it is inevitableinevitable

A foul is an infraction of the rules A foul is an infraction of the rules concerning concerning illegalillegal personal contact with an personal contact with an opponent and/or unsportsmanlike opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behaviour. Incidental (behaviour. Incidental (legallegal) ) contact is contact is permitted by rule and is therefore not to be permitted by rule and is therefore not to be ruled as a foul. Contact that places an ruled as a foul. Contact that places an opponent at a opponent at a disadvantagedisadvantage must be called. must be called.

General PrinciplesGeneral Principles

Cylinder PrincipleCylinder Principle Principle of VerticalityPrinciple of Verticality

These principles establish the These principles establish the foundation on which personal foundation on which personal fouls are basedfouls are based

Cylinder PrincipleCylinder Principle

A player has a right to the space A player has a right to the space he occupies from the floor to the he occupies from the floor to the ceilingceiling

The space is defined as a normal The space is defined as a normal playing position and cannot be playing position and cannot be exaggeratedexaggerated

The cylinder principle is defined as the The cylinder principle is defined as the space within an imaginary cylinder space within an imaginary cylinder occupied by a player on the floor. It occupied by a player on the floor. It includes the space above the player and is includes the space above the player and is limited to:limited to:

• The front by the palms of the hands,• The front by the palms of the hands,• The rear by the buttocks, and• The rear by the buttocks, and• The sides by the outside edge of the • The sides by the outside edge of the arms and legs.arms and legs.

The hands and arms may be extended in The hands and arms may be extended in front of the torso no further than the front of the torso no further than the position of the feet, with the arms bent at position of the feet, with the arms bent at the elbows so that the forearms and the elbows so that the forearms and hands are raised. The distance between hands are raised. The distance between his feet will vary according to his height.his feet will vary according to his height.

Cylinder Principle Cylinder Principle Art. 33 Contact: General principlesArt. 33 Contact: General principles

Each player has the right to occupy Each player has the right to occupy any position (cylinder) on the playing any position (cylinder) on the playing court not already occupied by an court not already occupied by an opponentopponent– The first player to the spot – owns the spotThe first player to the spot – owns the spot– This could occur “at the last split second”This could occur “at the last split second”– An airborne player has the right to land on An airborne player has the right to land on

another spot that was vacant prior to him another spot that was vacant prior to him leaving the groundleaving the ground

– Time and distance must be taken into Time and distance must be taken into consideration for a non-ball carrierconsideration for a non-ball carrier

Principle of Principle of VerticalityVerticalityArt. 33 Contact: General principlesArt. 33 Contact: General principles

Verticality Verticality

This principle protects the space on This principle protects the space on the floor which a player occupies and the floor which a player occupies and the space above him when he jumps the space above him when he jumps vertically within that spacevertically within that space– While rebounding, it is legal for a player to While rebounding, it is legal for a player to

enter the space of another player, if there enter the space of another player, if there is minimal or no contact, and retrieve the is minimal or no contact, and retrieve the ball or tip it towards the basketball or tip it towards the basket

– A player leaving the ground and staying A player leaving the ground and staying within his cylinder has not jeopardized his within his cylinder has not jeopardized his legal positionlegal position

VerticalityVerticality

As soon as a player leaves his As soon as a player leaves his vertical position (cylinder) and vertical position (cylinder) and body contact occurs with an body contact occurs with an opponent who had already opponent who had already established their own vertical established their own vertical position (cylinder); that player is position (cylinder); that player is responsible for the contactresponsible for the contact

VerticalityVerticality

A defensive player must not be A defensive player must not be penalized for leaving the ground penalized for leaving the ground vertically (within his cylinder) or vertically (within his cylinder) or having his hands and arms having his hands and arms extended above him within his extended above him within his own cylinderown cylinder

Severity of ContactSeverity of Contact

Sometimes, severe contact in the game Sometimes, severe contact in the game should be judged as incidentalshould be judged as incidental– Unintentional contact while attempting to Unintentional contact while attempting to

reach a loose ballreach a loose ball– Contact that occurs when opponents are in Contact that occurs when opponents are in

equally favourable positions when moving to a equally favourable positions when moving to a spot or going after a loose ball and spot or going after a loose ball and consequently does not place the opponent at a consequently does not place the opponent at a disadvantage when neither player has disadvantage when neither player has established legal guarding position on the floorestablished legal guarding position on the floor

– Contact which does not hinder the opponent Contact which does not hinder the opponent from participating in normal game movementsfrom participating in normal game movements

Severity of ContactSeverity of Contact

Sometimes, even the slightest Sometimes, even the slightest contact should be called as a foulcontact should be called as a foul– Hitting a shooter’s elbow as the ball Hitting a shooter’s elbow as the ball

is being releasedis being released– Pinning a player with a hand or Pinning a player with a hand or

elbow etc.elbow etc.

ConclusionConclusion

Every time contact occurs, the covering Every time contact occurs, the covering official makes a decision whether to blow his official makes a decision whether to blow his whistle and call a foul or judge the contact as whistle and call a foul or judge the contact as incidental or of a nature that does not place incidental or of a nature that does not place an opponent at a disadvantage through an opponent at a disadvantage through misuse of a rule.misuse of a rule.

A sound understanding of A sound understanding of Advantage/Disadvantage cannot be taught in Advantage/Disadvantage cannot be taught in a document. a document.

In each instance, the official should ask In each instance, the official should ask themselves, did the player do anything themselves, did the player do anything wrongwrong

GUARDINGGUARDING

– Principles:Principles:

– A defensive player wishing to guard an opponent A defensive player wishing to guard an opponent MUST FIRST ESTABLISH A LEGAL DEFENSIVE MUST FIRST ESTABLISH A LEGAL DEFENSIVE POSITIONPOSITION. . In order to ESTABLISH a legal guarding position, a In order to ESTABLISH a legal guarding position, a

defensive player must defensive player must – FACE THE OPPONENTFACE THE OPPONENT– HAVE BOTH FEET ON THE GROUNDHAVE BOTH FEET ON THE GROUND

– Once a legal guarding position is established, the Once a legal guarding position is established, the defensive player may defensive player may MAINTAINMAINTAIN it legally by moving it legally by moving laterally or backward or by jumping vertically.laterally or backward or by jumping vertically.

RULES OF CONTACT (Art. 33)RULES OF CONTACT (Art. 33)

RULES OF CONTACT (Art. 33):RULES OF CONTACT (Art. 33):ESTABLISHING A LEGAL GUARDING ESTABLISHING A LEGAL GUARDING POSITIONPOSITION

Opponent with ball

No time or distance

Moving

Time to stop or change

direction:maximum 2 steps

Opponent without ball

Within field of vision

As close as

possible short of contact

Outside of field of vision

One normal

step

Stationary

RULES OF CONTACT (Art. 33)RULES OF CONTACT (Art. 33)

SCREENINGSCREENING

– The player establishing a screen must be The player establishing a screen must be stationary.stationary.

– The screener must comply with the prescriptions of The screener must comply with the prescriptions of establishing a legal defensive position to guard a establishing a legal defensive position to guard a player without the ball, except that the screener player without the ball, except that the screener may not move, but does not have to face the may not move, but does not have to face the opponent.opponent.

RULES OF CONTACTRULES OF CONTACT

POST PLAYPOST PLAY Dislodging or backing down of a defender, swim Dislodging or backing down of a defender, swim

arm motions, pushing or hooking by an offensive arm motions, pushing or hooking by an offensive player in the post with or without the ball is illegal. player in the post with or without the ball is illegal.

– No warning. It’s a foul.No warning. It’s a foul. Dislodging a post player by a defensive player by Dislodging a post player by a defensive player by

placing a knee against the bottom of a post player placing a knee against the bottom of a post player is illegal.is illegal.

– No warning. It’s a foul.No warning. It’s a foul. An “arm bar” (bent elbow) by a defensive player An “arm bar” (bent elbow) by a defensive player

on a post player may not be maintained if the on a post player may not be maintained if the opponent moves or receives the ball. Placing two opponent moves or receives the ball. Placing two hands on a post player with the ball is also illegal.hands on a post player with the ball is also illegal.

– No warning. It’s a foul.No warning. It’s a foul.


HAND CHECKINGHAND CHECKING In the back court:In the back court:

– During back court pressure, any hand contact During back court pressure, any hand contact with the dribbler is illegal. with the dribbler is illegal.

– No warning. It’s a foul.No warning. It’s a foul. In the front court:In the front court:

– If the dribbler is not going toward the basket If the dribbler is not going toward the basket (« east-west »), a defender may briefly place a (« east-west »), a defender may briefly place a hand on the dribbler. The hand must not remain hand on the dribbler. The hand must not remain in contact on any part of the dribbler.in contact on any part of the dribbler.

A hand that remains on or influences the A hand that remains on or influences the direction of a dribbler anywhere on the direction of a dribbler anywhere on the court is illegalcourt is illegal . .

– No warning. It’s a foul.No warning. It’s a foul.


CONTACT OFF THE BALLCONTACT OFF THE BALL It is illegal to bump or dislodge a player It is illegal to bump or dislodge a player

without the ball who is moving to a new without the ball who is moving to a new position (i.e. player cutting through the position (i.e. player cutting through the lane) lane)

Illegal screens are also to be the object of Illegal screens are also to be the object of special attentionspecial attention

REBOUNDINGREBOUNDING Illegal “box-outs” and rough play in Illegal “box-outs” and rough play in

rebounding will be addressed as an added rebounding will be addressed as an added point of emphasis point of emphasis

““Trouble” RulesTrouble” Rules

Art. 36Art. 36Unsportsmanlike foulUnsportsmanlike foul

Definition:Definition: Is a player contact foul which, in Is a player contact foul which, in

the judgment of the official, is not the judgment of the official, is not a legitimate attempt to directly a legitimate attempt to directly play the ball within the spirit and play the ball within the spirit and intent of the rules.intent of the rules.

Art. 36.1.4Art. 36.1.4Unsportsmanlike foulUnsportsmanlike foul

If a defensive player causes contact If a defensive player causes contact with an opponent from behind or with an opponent from behind or laterally in an attempt laterally in an attempt to stop a to stop a fast breakfast break and there is no opponent and there is no opponent between the offensive player and between the offensive player and the opponents’ basket, then the the opponents’ basket, then the contact shall be judged to be contact shall be judged to be unsportsmanlike.unsportsmanlike.


When the ball is out-of-bounds for a throw-in and is still in the hands of the official or is already at the disposal of the thrower-in and at that moment a defensive player on the court causes contact with a player of the team of the thrower-in also on the court and the foul is called, this shall be judged as unsportsmanlike.


Situation:– A4 has the ball in his hands or at his disposal for a throw-in

when B5 causes contact with A5 and a foul is called on B5. Ruling:

– Because B5 is obviously not making any effort to play the ball and an unsportsmanlike advantage is gained by not allowing the game clock to restart, an unsportsmanlike foul must be called without a warning being given.

Situation:– The ball has left the hands of A4 on the throw in when B5 causes

the contact with A5 and foul is called on B5.

Ruling:– Normal personal foul should be called unless the officials judge

that the severity of the foul of B5 requires an unsportsmanlike or disqualifying foul to be called.

Art. 38.3.1Art. 38.3.1Technical foulTechnical foul

While a player is in the act of shooting, opponents shall not be permitted to disconcert that player by actions such as waving a hand(s) to obstruct the shooter’s field of vision, shouting loudly, stamping feet heavily or clapping hands near the shooter.

To do so may result in a technical foul if the shooter is disadvantaged by the action, or a warning if the shooter is not disadvantaged.

Art. 38.3.1Art. 38.3.1Technical foulTechnical foul

Situation:– A4 is in the act of shooting for a goal when B4

attempts to distract A4 by shouting loudly or stamping feet heavily on the floor. The shot for goal is:

(a) Successful. (b) Unsuccessful.

Ruling:– (a) A warning shall be given to B4 and shall be

communicated to coach B. This warning shall apply to all players of team B for the remainder of the game for similar behaviour.

– (b) A technical foul shall be charged to B4.

Art. 28.1.3Art. 28.1.3

Ball goes into team’s frontcourtBall goes into team’s frontcourt The ball goes into a team's

frontcourt when:• It touches the frontcourt.• It touches a player or an official who

has part of his body in contact with the frontcourt.

• During a dribble from backcourt to frontcourt, both feet of the dribbler and the ball are in contact with the frontcourt.

Art. 28.1.3Art. 28.1.3

Ball goes into team’s frontcourtBall goes into team’s frontcourt Situation

– A1 is dribbling in Team A’s back court. He puts one foot into the front court and while continuing his dribble, changes direction with both feet and the ball now being in Team A’s back court.

Ruling– Legal play.

Situation– A1 is dribbling in Team A’s back court. He puts one foot into the

front court and stops his dribble while straddling the line. Then, (a) he passes the ball to A2 who is in Team A’s back court or (b) pivots into Team A’s back court.

Ruling– Violation in both (a) and (b).

Art. 30.1.2Art. 30.1.2

Ball returned to the backcourtBall returned to the backcourt The ball has been illegally returned to the backcourt

when a player of the team in control of the live ball is:• The last to touch the ball in his frontcourt, after which

that player or a teammate is the first to touch the ball in the backcourt.

• The last to touch the ball in his backcourt, after which the ball touches the frontcourt and then is first touched by that player or team-mate in the backcourt.

This restriction applies to all situations in a team's frontcourt, including throw-ins.

However, it does not apply to a player who jumps from his frontcourt, establishes new team control while still airborne and then lands in his team’s backcourt. (also on jump ball)

Art. 30.1.2Art. 30.1.2

Ball returned to the backcourtBall returned to the backcourt Situation

– A1 jumps from his team’s front court, (a) intercepts a pass thrown by B1, (b) catches the legally tapped ball from the initial jump ball, and lands in control of the ball with both feet in Team A’s back court.

Ruling– Legal play in both (a) and (b).

Situation– A1 jumps from his team’s front court, (a) intercepts a pass thrown

by B1, (b) catches the legally tapped ball from the initial jump ball, and lands in control of the ball with both feet simultaneously, straddling the mid-court line.

Ruling– Legal play in both (a) and (b).

Art. 30.1.2Art. 30.1.2


– A1 jumps from his team’s front court, (a) intercepts a pass thrown by B1, (b) catches the legally tapped ball from the initial jump ball, and lands in control of the ball with both feet simultaneously, straddling the mid-court line. A1 then passes to A2 who is in Team A’s back court.



by B1, (b) catches the legally tapped ball from the initial jump ball, and lands in control of the ball in Team A’s front court with one foot and then, in a continuous motion, puts the other foot down into Team A’s back court.

Ruling– Legal in both (a) and (b).

Art. 30.1.2Art. 30.1.2


– A1 jumps from his team’s front court, (a) intercepts a pass thrown by B1, (b) catches the legally tapped ball from the initial jump ball, and lands in control of the ball with both feet simultaneously straddling the mid-court line. A1 then pivots into Team A’s back court.



by B1, (b) catches the legally tapped ball from the initial jump ball, and lands in control of the ball with both feet simultaneously straddling the mid-court line. While still straddling the line, A1 starts a dribble.


Art. 25.2.3Art. 25.2.3Player falling on the floorPlayer falling on the floor

“It is legal when a player falls and slides on the floor while holding the ball or, while lying or sitting on the floor, gains control of the ball.

It is a violation if the player then rolls or attempts to stand up while holding the ball.”

Art. 31Art. 31Basket Interference / Basket Interference / GoaltendingGoaltending Goaltending:Goaltending:

– Occurs during a Occurs during a shot for a field goalshot for a field goal when a player when a player touches the ball while it is completely above the touches the ball while it is completely above the level of the ring and:level of the ring and:

It is on its downward flight to the basket.It is on its downward flight to the basket. After it has hit the backboard.After it has hit the backboard.

– Occurs during a Occurs during a shot for a free throwshot for a free throw when a when a player touches the ball while it is in flight to the player touches the ball while it is in flight to the basket and before it touches the ring.basket and before it touches the ring.

The goaltending restrictions apply until:The goaltending restrictions apply until: The ball no longer has the possibility of entering the The ball no longer has the possibility of entering the

basket during the shot.basket during the shot. The ball has touched the ring.The ball has touched the ring.

HAVE A GREAT HAVE A GREAT SEASON!SEASON!

fiba rules review & discussion cam moskal mabo provincial interpreter

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