Coordinated by So Sasaki Ph.D.Visiting Scholar, Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkorn University

Professor, Faculty of Economics, Chuo UniversityE-mail : so-s@tamacc.chuo-u.ac.jp

Venue: BITEC, Bangkok, ThailandDate: 10:00 ~ 11:40, , 7 June 2019

New Ideas for Sustainable Business and Lessons from Pioneers in Circular Economy and Climate Change

Contents

1. Challenges towards ASEAN Circular Economy (10min), by So Sasaki, Visiting Scholar, Chulalongkorn University

2. Plastic and Other Material Recycling in Thailand (10min) by Dr. Somthai Wongcharoen, President, Wongpanit

3. Circular Economy (10min), by Mr. KongchaiWonghiriwat, Program Manager, Circular Economy Office, SCG Plastic

4. Latest Trend of Circular Economy (10min), by Michikazu Kojima, Senior Economist, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)

5. Q&A and Discussion (60min) 2

Background and Objective

China Impacts and Marine Litter

Global Primary Plastic Waste Generation, 1950 2015

4(source) UNEP (2018). SINGLE-USE PLASTICS: A Roadmap for Sustainability

Global Flow of Plastic Packaging Waste, 2015

5(source) UNEP (2018). Single-use Plastics: A Roadmap for Sustainability

Material Flows of Plastic Waste to China in 1997

6

Asia: 278,793t

North America:177,992t

(source)UN Comtrade

Material Flows of Plastic Waste to China in 2005

7

Asia: 2,486,322t

Africa: 32,337t

Europe: 905,024t

North America: 470,706t

South America: 121,192t

Oceania: 482,782t

(source)UN Comtrade

Material Flows of Plastic Waste to China in 2012

8

Asia:4,149,103t

Africa: 76,016t

Europe: 2,747,367t

North America: 1,595,345t

South America: 69,681t

Oceania: 240,254t

(source)UN Comtrade

Import Volume of Plastic Waste and the World Share in China

9

8,878 54.1%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

(source)UN Comtrade

Chinese import ban has big impacts

10

Asia:4,149,103t

Africa: 76,016t

Europe: 2,747,367t

North America: 1,595,345t

South America: 69,681t

Oceania: 240,254t

North America1,595,345t

South America

rope: 747,367t

Big ImpactDomestic: Dr. Somthai &

Mr. KongchaiASEAN: Mr. Kojima

(source)UN Comtrade

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Marine Litter/ Debris / Plastic

11Photo by NOAA Marine Debris Program

Eight of the top 10 countries are in Asia

12(source) Jambeck, J. R., R. Geyer, C. Wilcox, T. R. Siegler, M. Perryman, A. Andrady, R. Narayan, and K. L. Law 2015 Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean, Science, 347, 6223, 768‒771

Eight of the top 10 countries are in Asia

13(source) Jambeck, J. R., R. Geyer, C. Wilcox, T. R. Siegler, M. Perryman, A. Andrady, R. Narayan, and K. L. Law 2015 Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean, Science, 347, 6223, 768‒771

How to improve Marine Plastic in

Thailand and Asia?

Current situation of Waste Management in ThailandThailand have many problems

26% of SW has still been improper disposal

15

7.36

10.88

9.58

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Improper disposal Proper disposal Amount of recycling(source) PCD(2019), “Booklet on Thailand State of Pollution 2018”

The proportion of Solid Waste Management (million tons)

77% of facilities has still been improper disposal

16(source) PCD(2019), “Booklet on Thailand State of Pollution 2018”, photo by Sasaki

Status of municipal solid waste disposal facilities in 2018

Improper solid waste disposal facilities, 2,139,

77%

Proper solid waste disposal facilities, 647,

23%

Impacts of poor waste management

17(source) Ryuzo SUGIMOTO(2019), “Japan’s efforts on marine plastic debris issues”

Impacts of plastic Debris on Marine Life

18(source) Sirinarat Pongyart(2018)(source) Sirinarat Pongyart(

How to improve waste management & Marine Plastic in

Thailand?

Plastic waste trade by the effect of China’s Ban

19

Thailand’s plastic waste trade volume (tons)

(source) Thai Customs Department Trade Statistics database

552,721

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Export Import

E-waste increased 5.7 times more than 2016

20(source) Department of Industrial Works

Export and import permission volume of E-waste / E-scrap (in tons) under Import regulation of E-waste

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Export Import

Smuggled Waste to Thailand

21

(source) “Fears grow over waste imports”, 3 Jun 2018, Bangkok Post

(source) “E-waste crackdown reaches Chon Buri, as police sniff hazard in Laem Chabang Estate”, 30 May 2018, The Nation

Current Governmental Measures

Governmental Measures for Recyclable Trade

The Thai governmental sub-committee has announced the following:• A ban on the import of 432 used electronic

items in the next six months in a bid to combat the rise in electronic waste

• Agreed to revise the import quota on used plastic bags for industrial use. This is in line with the government's aim to ban all used plastic imports after 2020.

(source) กระทรวงทรพัยากรธรรมชาตแิละสงิแวดลอ้ม. 2018. ทส.จดัประชมุคณะอนุกรรมการเพอืบรูณาการการจดัการขยะอเิล็กทรอนิกสแ์ละเศษพลาสตกิ ทนํีาเขา้จากต่างประเทศอย่างเป็นระบบ (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. 2018. Sub-committee meeting to integrate electronic waste management and plastic scrap imported from abroad systematically) [Online]. Available at: http://www.mnre.go.th/th/news/detail/23708 [Accessed on September 10, 2018] 23

Governmental Measures for Domestic Plastics

The Thai cabinet acknowledged the draft Roadmap for plastic waste management (2018-2030) on 17 APR, 2019• To achieve the goal “reducing plastic marine debris at least

50 % by 2027”

(source) http://www.pcd.go.th/Public/News/GetNewsThai.cfm?task=lt2019&id=18769 [Accessed on APR 22, 2019]

24

(LDPE bag)

Summary / Discussion Points

Summary / Discussion Points

1. The Chinese import ban has also big impact to Thailand.

Thai government found smuggling and improper imports of plastic waste and E-waste and has also banned them.What is the current situation?

Domestic: Dr. Somthai & Mr. Teerapon, ASEAN: Mr. Kojima

2. Marine plastic have been hot issue.the goal “reducing plastic marine debris at least 50 % by 2027How to recycle more in Thailand? How to build Circular Economy?Is the current situation a chance for recycling industries?

26

AcknowledgementThis presentation is part of the results from the Grant-in-Aid for Young Researchers (A)17H04722 funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

Thank you for your attention!ขอบคณุครบั

To become circular economy in Thailand

for Discussion

Governmental Measures for Domestic Plastics

The Thai cabinet acknowledged the draft Roadmap for plastic waste management (2018-2030) on 17 APR, 2019• To achieve the goal “reducing plastic marine debris at least

50 % by 2027”

(source) http://www.pcd.go.th/Public/News/GetNewsThai.cfm?task=lt2019&id=18769 [Accessed on APR 22, 2019]

29

(LDPE bag)(LLLLLLLLLDDDDDDPE bag)

Specific measures to achieve more and more recycling rate?

Waste stream for Discussion Points

To promote recycling for Circular Economy

1. Recycling business

2. Activities by Manufactures

3. Waste collection by citizen and municipalities

4. Waste disposal by municipalities30

1. Recycling businessWill recycling industries grow in Thailand & ASEAN?

31

(source) กรมพฒันาธรุกจิการคา้ (DBD) (2018), ธรุกจิรไีซเคลิ กระทรวงพาณิชย ์(Department of Business Development. 2018. Recycling Business, Ministry of Commerce

1. Recycling businessRecycling volume & rate of Waste Plastics

32

75

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

From MSW (tons) From Industrial waste(ton)

Dispposal(ton) recycling rate

(source) PCD, State of Thailand Pollution Report

2 Activities by ManufacturesIndustrial voluntary standards

33

It is colored blue,but difficult to

recycle

2 Activities by ManufacturesDirect Regulation and Market Mechanism

34

Methods Merit Demerit DiscussedDirect Regulation•Prohibition•Deregulation

•Expected effect•Little Unfairness

•Huge operation Cost

•Lack of flexibility

•Prohibition of 7 shingle use Plastics

•Deregulation of recycled plastic for food (FDA)

Market Mechanism•Tax•Subsidy•Deposit•EPR

•Low Operation Cost

•Flexibility

•It is difficult to predict the effect

•Unfairness

•Tax deduction of biodegradable plastic

•EPR / Recycling Low

3. Waste collection by citizen and municipalitiesV.S. or cooperate with Informal sectors

35

2003

4B

2003-2005

40B2005-now

20B

OCT, 2019

40B+Disposal Fee 40B

BMA Collection Fee (20 L / Month*household)

• BMA citizens do not know how much we throw away waste• Change the collection method for promoting reducing, and

separating and recycling waste plastic

4. Waste disposal by citizen and municipalities77% of facilities has still been improper disposal

36(source) PCD(2019), “Booklet on Thailand State of Pollution 2018”, photo by Sasaki

Status of municipal solid waste disposal facilities in 2018

Improper solid waste disposal facilities, 2,139,

77%

Proper solid waste disposal facilities, 647,

23%

tate of Pollution 2018”, photo by S”

Impropewaste dfacilities

77

et on Thailand St

How to improve waste management

in Thailand?

Eight of the top 10 countries are in Asia

37(source) Jambeck, J. R., R. Geyer, C. Wilcox, T. R. Siegler, M. Perryman, A. Andrady, R. Narayan, and K. L. Law 2015 Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean, Science, 347, 6223, 768‒771

Building CE to improve Marine

Plastic in Thailand