feudalism & manorialism in the early middle ages 800-1000
DESCRIPTION
FEUDALISM & MANORIALISM IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES 800-1000. Obj: To understand the development of a new social , political and economic structure in the Early Middle Ages by identifying events that forced the change. THE EMERGING WORLD OF FEUDALISM. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
FEUDALISM & MANORIALISM IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES 800-1000
Obj: To understand the development of a new social ,
political and economic structure in the Early Middle Ages by
identifying events that forced the change.
THE EMERGING WORLD OF FEUDALISM SLOW PROCESS FROM FALL OF ROME TO LATE MIDDLE
AGES SOME SAY BEGAN AS EARLY AS CHARLES MARTEL: HE
HAD NO MONEY & SO PAID HIS SOLDIERS IN LAND AFTER TREATY OF VERDUN CAROLINGIAN RULES
BEGINS TO DIMINISH, KING LOSES POWER SO LOCAL LEADERS BEGIN TO INCREASE THEIR INFLUENCE WITHIN THEIR LANDS & LOYALTY OF PEOPLE SHIFTS
FEDUALISM IS BETWEEN SOCIAL EQUALS EMPIRE UNABLE TO PROVIDE SERVICES TO LOCAL
AREAS SO POWER SHIFT TO LOCAL LEVEL & NOBILITY GETS MILITARY LOYALTY
FEUDALISM FUNCTIONS AS A WAY TO ORGANIZE POLITICAL AUTHORITY
LAND IN EXCHANGE FOR SERVICE, USUALLY MILITARY 2 COMPONENTS: PERSONAL CALLED VASSALAGE &
PROPERTY CALLED BENEFICE
DISINTIGRATION OF THE EMPIRE BORDERS STRETCHED
BEYOND LIMITS – CENTRAL AUTHORITY DECLINED & LOCAL POWER INCREASED
INTERNAL DISCORD LED TO INVASIONS
VIKINGS LOSE TRADE REV-ENUE & RESORT TO RAIDING
CHARLES THE BALD 844 PAID OFF VIKINGS W/ 7,000 LBS SILVER
EARLY 10TH C. FRANKISH KING BOUGHT OFF NORSEMEN W/ LAND IN N. FRANCE AFTER 100 SHIP INVASION NORMANDY
SHORT TERM DEVASTATION
QUICK ASSIMILATION
ALFRED THE GREAT’S SUCCESS ENGLAND NEVER PART OF
EMPIRE; COMPETING SMALL KINGDOMS
VIKING THREAT UNIFIED THEM DEFEAT VIKINGS & AT SAME
TIME SUBDUED OPPOSING ROYAL FAMILES
ALFRED 871-899 & HEIRS BEGIN UNIFICATION OF ENGLAND
SET UP ARMY, FOUNDED NEW TOWNS, CODIFIED ENGLISH LAW, CREATED COURT SYSTEM
VERNACULAR RIVALED LATIN, BEOWULF
UNTIL 11TH C. ONLY VERNACULAR IN EUROPE USED FOR REGULAR WRITTEN COMMUNICAITON
VASSALAGE & BENEFICE DEVELOPED OUT OF
GERMAN SOCIETY – COMITATUS: WILLING TO FOLLOW POWERFUL LORD
ONE WHO SERVED LORD VASSAL – CELTIC ‘SERVANT’
PROPERTY ASPECT FUSED W/ SERVICE – COSTS $ TO FIGHT
LAND PROVIDED ECONOMIC SUPPORT FOR VASSAL
KNIGHTS HAD TO ADAPT TO NEW CAVALRY FIGHTING FROM FOOT SOLDIERS & WILL ALSO COST TIME & MONEY
COMMON TRAITS OF FEUDALISM 1) TIES OF LOYALTY &
DUTY 2) LANDHOLDING 3) LOCAL RULE VERY DIFFERENT IN
DIFFERENT AREAS SO HARD TO GENERALIZEPARTICIPANTS IN FEUDALISM – RELATIONS AMONG EQUALS:
THOSE WHO SERVE- CLERGY
THOSE WHO FIGHT- KNIGHTS
THOSE WHO WORK- SERFS
FORMAL HOMAGE CEREMONY
PROBLEMS ARISEVASSALS OF VASSALS OF
VASSALS
MANORIALISM RELATIONS BETWEEN SOCIAL UNEQUALS WORK LAND, FIEF, IN EXCHANGE FOR PROTECTION PROSPERITY OF LAND GAVE MONETARY SUPPORT FOR
KNIGHTS BUT TOOK LOTS OF TIME TO LEARN HOW TO FIGHT ON A HORSE & HANDLE WEAPONS & TO STAY IN SHAPE FOR WAR
NEED SOMEONE TO WORK THE MANOR: AGRARIAN ESTATE
MANOR DEVELOPS DURING INVASIONS OF 6TH & 7TH CENTURIES
WILLINGLY (?) GAVE UP FREEDOM FOR PROTECTION – REALLY THEIR ONLY OPTION
BY 9TH C. 60% OF FREE POPULATION HAD BEEN REDUCED TO SERFDOM
TRADE DECLINED DUE TO WARFARE BUT STILL A DEMAND AMONG NOBLES FOR LUXURY GOODS FROM MUSLIM & BYZANTINE EMPIRES
BARTER BEGINS TO TAKE OVER BECAUSE DECLINE IN COINS, JEWELS ETC (PEOPLE HOARDING THEM)