FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMYANATOMY

BY : S.ROUHOLAMIN MDBY : S.ROUHOLAMIN MDBY : S.ROUHOLAMIN MDBY : S.ROUHOLAMIN MD

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EXTERNAL EXTERNAL GENTILIAGENTILIA

The vulva refers to those parts that are The vulva refers to those parts that are outwardly visibleoutwardly visible

The vulva includes:The vulva includes: Mons pubisMons pubis Labia majoraLabia majora Labia minoraLabia minora ClitorisClitoris Urethral openingUrethral opening Vaginal openingVaginal opening PerineumPerineum

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The external genital structures The external genital structures of the mature femaleof the mature female

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MONS PUBIS(MONS VENERIS)MONS PUBIS(MONS VENERIS)

The triangular mound of fatty tissue The triangular mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bonethat covers the pubic bone

It protects the pubic symphysisIt protects the pubic symphysis During adolescence sex hormones During adolescence sex hormones

trigger the growth of pubic hair on the trigger the growth of pubic hair on the mons pubismons pubis

Hair varies in coarseness curliness, Hair varies in coarseness curliness, amount, color and thicknessamount, color and thickness

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LABIA MAJORALABIA MAJORA

Referred to as the outer lipsReferred to as the outer lips They have a darker pigmentationThey have a darker pigmentation The The Labia Majora FUNCTIONLabia Majora FUNCTION: :

Protect the introitus and urethral openingsProtect the introitus and urethral openings Are covered with hair and sebaceous glandsAre covered with hair and sebaceous glands Mass of fat, plexus of veins Mass of fat, plexus of veins

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LABIA MINORA (Nymphae)LABIA MINORA (Nymphae)

Referred to as the “inner lips”Referred to as the “inner lips” Made up of erectile, connective tissue Made up of erectile, connective tissue

that darkens and swells during sexual that darkens and swells during sexual arousalarousal

Located inside the labia majoraLocated inside the labia majora They are more sensitive and responsive They are more sensitive and responsive

to touch than the labia majorato touch than the labia majora

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CLITORISCLITORIS

Highly sensitive organ composed of Highly sensitive organ composed of nerves, blood vessels, and erectile nerves, blood vessels, and erectile tissuetissue

It is made up of a It is made up of a shaftshaft and a and a glans glans Becomes engorged with blood during Becomes engorged with blood during

sexual stimulation (2*1)sexual stimulation (2*1) key to sexual pleasure for most womenkey to sexual pleasure for most women Urethral openingUrethral opening is located directly is located directly

below clitorisbelow clitoris

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VAGINAL OPENING VAGINAL OPENING INTROITUSINTROITUS

In virginal women hidden by In virginal women hidden by overlapping labia minora overlapping labia minora

Opening may be covered by a thin Opening may be covered by a thin sheathsheath called the called the hymenhymen

Imperforated hymen:Imperforated hymen: vaginal orifice isvaginal orifice is occluded completely occluded completely

,retention of,retention of menstrual dischargemenstrual discharge

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PERINEUMPERINEUM

The muscle and tissue located between the The muscle and tissue located between the vaginal opening and anal canalvaginal opening and anal canal

It supports and surrounds the lower parts of It supports and surrounds the lower parts of the urinary and digestive tractsthe urinary and digestive tracts

The perinium contains an abundance of The perinium contains an abundance of nerve endings that make it sensitive to nerve endings that make it sensitive to touchtouch

An episiotomy is an incision of the perineum An episiotomy is an incision of the perineum used during childbirth for widening the used during childbirth for widening the vaginal openingvaginal opening

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INTERNAL INTERNAL GENITALIAGENITALIA

The internal genitalia consists of the:The internal genitalia consists of the: VaginaVagina CervixCervix UterusUterus Fallopian TubesFallopian Tubes OvariesOvaries

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Female Internal Reproductive Female Internal Reproductive System (side view)System (side view)

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Female Internal Reproductive Female Internal Reproductive System (front view).System (front view).

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VAGINAVAGINA

The vagina connects the cervix to the The vagina connects the cervix to the external genitalsexternal genitals

It is located between the bladder and rectumIt is located between the bladder and rectum It functions :It functions : As a passageway for the menstrual flowAs a passageway for the menstrual flow For uterine secretions to pass down through For uterine secretions to pass down through

the introitusthe introitus As the birth canal during laborAs the birth canal during labor With the help of two Bartholin’s glands With the help of two Bartholin’s glands

becomes lubricated during sexual becomes lubricated during sexual intercourseintercourse

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CERVIXCERVIX

The cervix connects the uterus to the vaginaThe cervix connects the uterus to the vagina The cervical opening to the vagina is smallThe cervical opening to the vagina is small This acts as a safety precaution against This acts as a safety precaution against

foreign bodies entering the uterusforeign bodies entering the uterus During childbirth, the cervix dilates to During childbirth, the cervix dilates to

accommodate the passage of the fetusaccommodate the passage of the fetus This dilation is a sign that labor has begunThis dilation is a sign that labor has begun

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UTERUSUTERUS

A pear shaped organA pear shaped organ Located between bladder and rectum Located between bladder and rectum Length: Nulliparous(6 to 8),Multiparous(9 Length: Nulliparous(6 to 8),Multiparous(9

to 10)to 10) It is made up of the endometrium, It is made up of the endometrium,

myometrium and perimetriummyometrium and perimetrium The powerful muscles of the uterus The powerful muscles of the uterus

expand to accommodate a growing fetus expand to accommodate a growing fetus and push it through the birth canaland push it through the birth canal

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FALLOPIAN TUBESFALLOPIAN TUBES

Length:8 to 14 cmLength:8 to 14 cm Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the

uterusuterus Are the site of fertilization by the male Are the site of fertilization by the male

spermsperm Portions: Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, Portions: Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla,

infundibuluminfundibulum Fertilized egg takes approximately 6 to Fertilized egg takes approximately 6 to

10 days to travel through the fallopian 10 days to travel through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterine liningtube to implant in the uterine lining

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OVARIESOVARIES

Almond-shaped organs, development and Almond-shaped organs, development and extrusion of ova, synthesis and secretion of extrusion of ova, synthesis and secretion of steroid hormonessteroid hormones

A woman is born with approximately A woman is born with approximately 400,000 immature eggs called follicles400,000 immature eggs called follicles

During a lifetime a woman release 400 to During a lifetime a woman release 400 to 500 fully matured eggs for fertilization500 fully matured eggs for fertilization

The follicles in the ovaries produce the The follicles in the ovaries produce the female sex hormones, progesterone and female sex hormones, progesterone and estrogenestrogen

These hormones prepare the uterus for These hormones prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg implantation of the fertilized egg

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ARTERIESARTERIES

Uterine and ovarian art Uterine and ovarian art Uterine art: Uterine art:

Internal iliac (Hypogastric) artInternal iliac (Hypogastric) art Ovarian art: Ovarian art:

Direct branch of Aorta Direct branch of Aorta

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VEINSVEINS

Uterine veins ; Internal iliac Uterine veins ; Internal iliac vein ; Common iliac vein vein ; Common iliac vein

Right ovarian vein ;IVCRight ovarian vein ;IVC Left ovarian vein ;Left renal veinLeft ovarian vein ;Left renal vein

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PELVICPELVIC

Pelvic composed of four bone: sacrum , Pelvic composed of four bone: sacrum , coccyx and two innominate bonescoccyx and two innominate bones

Innominate bones: ilium, ischium, pubisInnominate bones: ilium, ischium, pubis False pelvis ;above the linea terminalisFalse pelvis ;above the linea terminalis True pelvis ; below the linea terminalisTrue pelvis ; below the linea terminalis

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Pelvic Girdle (Hip)Pelvic Girdle (Hip)

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Comparison of Male and Comparison of Male and Female Pelvic StructureFemale Pelvic Structure

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PLANS AND DIAMETERS OF PLANS AND DIAMETERS OF THE PELVISTHE PELVIS

Pelvic inletPelvic inlet Pelvic outletPelvic outlet MidpelvisMidpelvis Greatest pelvic dimensions Greatest pelvic dimensions

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PELVIC PELVIC DIAMETERSDIAMETERS

Obstetrical conjugate; shortest Obstetrical conjugate; shortest distance between promontory of distance between promontory of sacrum and the symphysis sacrum and the symphysis pubis;10 cm or morepubis;10 cm or more

True conjugateTrue conjugate Diagonal conjugateDiagonal conjugate

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PELVIC PELVIC DIAMETERSDIAMETERS

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CALDWELL-CALDWELL-MOLOY MOLOY CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION

Gynecoid pelvisGynecoid pelvis Android pelvisAndroid pelvis Anthropoid pelvisAnthropoid pelvis Platypelloid pelvisPlatypelloid pelvis

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GYNEOID PELVIS GYNEOID PELVIS (50%)(50%)

It is the normal female It is the normal female type : type :

Inlet is slightly transverse Inlet is slightly transverse oval. oval.

Sacrum is wide with average Sacrum is wide with average concavity and inclination. concavity and inclination.

Side walls are straight with Side walls are straight with blunt ischial spines. blunt ischial spines.

Sacro-sciatic notch is wide. Sacro-sciatic notch is wide. Subpubic angle is 90-100o.Subpubic angle is 90-100o.

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Anthropoid pelvis Anthropoid pelvis (25%)(25%)

It is ape-like type : It is ape-like type : All anteroposterior diameters are All anteroposterior diameters are

long. long. All transverse diameters are All transverse diameters are

short. short. Sacrum is long and narrow. Sacrum is long and narrow. Sacro-sciatic notch is wide. Sacro-sciatic notch is wide. Subpubic angle is narrow.Subpubic angle is narrow.

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Android pelvis Android pelvis (20%)(20%)

It is a male type : It is a male type : Inlet is triangular or heart-Inlet is triangular or heart-

shaped with anterior narrow shaped with anterior narrow apex. apex.

Side walls are converging Side walls are converging (funnel pelvis) with projecting (funnel pelvis) with projecting ischial spines. ischial spines.

Sacro-sciatic notch is narrow. Sacro-sciatic notch is narrow. Subpubic angle is narrow Subpubic angle is narrow

<90o.<90o.

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It is a flat female type :It is a flat female type : All anteroposterior diameters All anteroposterior diameters

are short. are short. All transverse diameters are All transverse diameters are

long. long. Sacro-sciatic notch is Sacro-sciatic notch is

narrow. narrow. Subpubic angle is wide.Subpubic angle is wide.

Platypelloid pelvis (5%)Platypelloid pelvis (5%)