Female and Male Cancers

What is Cancer? Cancer is a cellular disease Abnormal cell growth Cells grow out of control and forms

tumors If the tumor is within a gland, the

cancer is said to be localized If the cancer escapes the gland it is

called systemic spread Early detection before the cancer

escapes the gland is very important

Tumor

Tumor

CAPSULE

GLAND

Bone

LymphNode

Other Organs

Local-Regional Disease Spread

Systemic Spread

Breast Cancer

Definition Breast cancer is the

uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells in the breast

If not controlled, it can lead to death

An estimate 40,460 deaths will occur from female breast cancer in 2007

Only lung cancer accounts for more cancer in women.

Signs and Symptoms The earliest sign is

an abnormality that shows up on a mammogram before it can be felt by the woman or health care provider.

Early stages of breast cancer usually do not produce symptoms.

Signs and Symptoms Continued…

Painless mass (up to 10% of patients have breast pain and no mass)

Breast changes: thickening, swelling, and skin irritation or distortion

Nipple changes: discharge, inversion, or tenderness.

Early Detection9 out of 10

women survive breast cancer simply

by early detection.

Cervical Cancer

Definition Cervical cancer is the

uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells in the cervix.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 have been found to cause 70% of cervical cancer cases.

10,000 new cases of cervical cancer every year.

Cervical Cancer

Signs and Symptoms Often times there are no symptoms. Women often times view the

symptoms as related to her period. Once the cancer advances, symptoms

may include:Abnormal bleedingHeavy dischargePelvic painPain during urination

Detection by a Doctor Pap Test

Doctor scrapes cells from the cervix and examines them under a microscope to detect infection or abnormal cells.

Prevention Safe sex

Gardasil Vaccine

Male Cancers

Testicular Cancer

Definition Testicular cancer is the growth of

abnormal cells in the Testicle.

Usually only develops in one testicle

1-2% of men who develop testicular cancer get it in both testicles.

Normal and Abnormal Testicle

Normal Abnormal

Signs and Symptoms Lump in the testicle,

usually painless

Swelling of the testicle

Some men may develop back pain or swelling in the leg

Early Detection is Key* Self-Examination *

Hold the penis out of the way and examine each testicle separately

Hold the testicle between the thumbs and fingers with both hands and roll it gently between the fingers

Look and feel for any hard lumps or change in the size, shape, or consistency of the testes

Prostate Cancer

Male Anatomy

Definition Prostate Cancer is the

uncontrollable growth of cells in the prostate gland.

In the United States, 218,890 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. That is one man diagnosed every 3 minutes.

Signs and Symptoms There may be none at all!!! Major Signs and Symptoms:

Urinary Frequency Slow urinary flow Painful urination Blood in urine or semen Impotence Lower back or thigh pain

Risk Factors Age: The risk increases with age, but

25% of diagnoses are made under age 65.

Race: African-Americans have a rate of incidence double that of Caucasian men.

Family History of Prostate Cancer: Men with a family history have two-to-three fold increase in the risk of prostate cancer.

Diet: A diet high in saturated animal fat can double the risk of developing prostate cancer.

Detection by Doctor Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)

Doctor examination by feeling the prostate with his/her fingers through the rectum