생각하는농민 준비하는마을,...
TRANSCRIPT
생각하는 농민 준비하는 마을,
세기 문당리 발전 백년 계획21
2000. 12
세기 문당리 발전 백년 계획서 를 내며21《 》
지난 년 동안 우리 사회가 추구해온 산업화 공업화의 결과 인간 생존의 근본 바탕인 우리의 농촌은 돌이40 ,
킬 수 없이 파괴되었습니다 경제 성장만을 제일의 가치로 삼아온 우리의 생활 방식은 하늘과 땅과 물과 공.
기와 나날의 일용할 양식을 더럽혀 마침내 우리 자신과 우리 아이들의 미래를 암울하게 만들어 버렸습니다.
도시 사람들과 마찬가지로 우리 농민들도 산업화의 물결 속에서 별다른 의식 없이 화학농업을 발전이라고 생
각하며 농사를 지어왔습니다 우리 농민들은 이러한 관행농업을 편리하고 좋은 것이라고 생각해왔지 그것이.
우리 자신과 땅과 물과 아이들에게 어떤 영향을 미칠 것인지는 잘 알지 못하였습니다.
그러나 오랜 세월 동안 깊은 잠에 빠져 있던 우리 농민들도 현대 농업의 폐해를 점차 의식하게 되었고 지난
몇 해 사이에 괄목할 만한 의식의 변화를 경험하게 되었습니다 그 결과 우리 마을은 마을단위로 유기농업을.
실천하는 환경농업마을 이 되었습니다.〈 〉
지난 년 동안 꾸준히 새로운 농업방식유기농업을 추구해 온 결과 땅이 되살아나고 훼손되었던 공동체적7 ( )
생활양식이 조금씩 회복되었습니다 그리고 그 소중한 열매로써 마을 주민과 지역사회의 힘으로 홍성환경. , <
농업교육관 을 건립하게 되었습니다> .
우리는 홍성환경농업교육관 을 모태로 하여 앞으로 년이라는 장구한 세월을 내다보며 일 할 것입니다< > 100 .
우리가 파괴한 마을의 환경을 복구하고 재생순환에 기초한 지속가능한 농업방식을 우리 마을에 정착시키기
위해 노력할 것입니다 우리가 이번에 출판하는 세기 문당리 발전 백년 계획 은 우리가 이루어야 할 꿈. 21『 』
을 실현하기 위해 참조할 작은 지도책입니다 이 지도는 물론 완전한 것도 완벽한 것도 아닙니다 우리의 꿈. , .
을 그려본 작은 지도책에 불과합니다 우리는 이 지도에 의지하여 우리 후손들이 살아갈 터전을 보살피고 우.
리 후손들에게 미래가 허용되는 세상을 만들기 위하여 노력할 것입니다.
미약하지만 우리 모두 힘을 합하여 끈기 있게 나아가다 보면 우리 마을이 하나의 범례가 되리라 믿습니다.
그리하여 매립이 완료된 쓰레기 매립장을 어떻게 관리 할 것인가 를 고민하였다 지역의 마을들과 우리 마, ? .
을의 사례가 절충되고 보완되어 더 좋은 마을을 만들어 갈 수 있는 하나의 계기로 작용할 수도 있을 것입니
다.
우리의 꿈 우리의 목표는 다시 한번 우리가 더럽힌 하늘과 땅과 물과 일용할 양식을 온전한 것으로 되살리,
고 공동체적 삶을 복구하여 우리 마을을 사람과 사람이 그리고 사람과 자연이 조화롭게 살 수 있는 생태적,
인 마을로 다시 만드는 것입니다.
이 꿈을 이루기 위해 우리 농민은 물론 학계 정부 도시소비자 모두가 힘을 합하여 서두르지는 말고 그러나, , ,
꾸준히 흔들리지 말고 일해 나가야 할 것입니다, .
이 책의 출간을 위해 협력해주신 마을 주민들과 녹색연합 서울대 환경계획연구소의 여러분에게 진심으로 감,
사 드립니다.
홍성환경농업마을 대표 주형로
지속가능한 마을발전계획 수립하며…
농촌은 인간의 정주공간 중에서 자연과 가장 접한 연관을 맺고 살아가는 공간이라고 할 수 있습
니다 그러나 근래에 들어서는 농촌마저도 비료와 농약을 많이 사용한다든지 축산폐수를 그대로 방류.
함으로써 환경오염이 발생하고 있습니다 농촌은 특히 우리의 먹거리를 생산하는 지역이기 때문에 활.
성화가 필요한데도 젊은이들이 빠져나가고 노인들만 남아있어 농촌의 낙후현상이 나타나고 있습니다.
대도시를 중심으로 인구가 몰려드는 현상도 그 원인을 따져보면 농촌의 낙후로 인해 나타난 부작용이
라고 할 수 있습니다 최근 생명산업과 환경산업으로서 농업의 중요성이 부각되고 지식정보기술 활. , ․ ․용과 농산물의 국제경쟁력강화 필요성이 증대되고 있습니다 또한 계층간 소득불균형의 해소와 식량.
안보 기타 사회 문제의 해결을 위한 농촌의 역할은 더욱 중요하게 되고 위상도 높아질 것입니다, .
이제 농업과 농촌의 가치를 새로이 인식하고 농촌지역사회를 활성화하는 시대적 요구를 절대적으
로 수용하여야 할 때입니다 우리의 먹거리가 오염되지 않기 위해서는 먹거리를 생산하는 농업이 환경.
농업 혹은 퍼머컬쳐 로 바뀌어야 하고 농촌이 생태마을로 전환되어야 하리라 봅니다(permaculture) .
특히 도시인들에게 매력을 느끼게 하는 요소인 농촌의 깨끗한 환경과 문화적인 생활환경이 갖추어지
게 되면 농촌으로 귀농하는 인구도 증가하리라 예상됩니다 국토환경과 국가발전의 새로운 패러다임.
으로 지속가능한 개발이 국가적 과제와 임무로 자리잡은 이 시대에 지속가능한 농촌사회의 구현은‘ ’
우리농촌이 추구해야 할 비전이라고 생각됩니다 이러한 배경에서 충청남도 홍성군 홍동면 문당리 주. ,
민들이 주축가 되어 적극적으로 추진하는 환경농업은 우리농촌이 나아갈 방향의 좋은 본보기가 되고
있습니다.
문당리는 문산부락에 있는 몇몇 선도농가가 중심이 되어 환경농업의 필요성을 인식하고 년‘ ’ 1993
오리농법을 도입하여 친환경적 농촌으로 도약하는 계기를 마련했습니다 무엇보다도 문당리 주민들의.
환경에 대한 적극적인 의지는 발전하는 농촌의 좋은 예를 제시하고 있습니다 문당리 주민들과 대표자.
는 시민단체와 관련 학계의 참여를 유도하여 지속가능한 농촌사회를 구현하기 위한 밑그림을 그려나
가고 있습니다 주민들 스스로 마을의 문제를 인식하고 해결방안을 모색하며 마을 발전을 향해 매진하.
는 모습은 지금까지 찾아보기 드문 모습이며 우리나라의 농촌 사회현상으로서도 매우 이상적인 모습
을 보여주고 있습니다.
문당리 주민들은 현재와 미래의 마을의 발전을 위한 비전과 미래상을 정립하기 위해 녹색연합에,
소위 지속가능한 농촌사회구현을 위한 문당리 발전 년 계획 을 수립해주기를 요청하였으며 녹100〈 〉
색연합은 본인에게 그 계획수립을 요청했습니다 어떤 국가든 어떤 지역이든 어떤 마을이든 년. , , , 100
이후를 목표로 하여 몇 세대에 걸친 마을의 발전 계획을 수립한다는 것은 매우 이례적인 일이며 계획,
수립의 정교성과 성공여부를 떠나 그 자체로서 상당한 의미를 지니고 있습니다 이들이 추구하는 문당.
리 발전의 방향은 지속가능한 농촌사회의 구현입니다 이들은 환경농업을 통해 지역 특화 생산체제‘ ’ .
를 갖추어 농산물 경쟁력을 확보하고 지속가능한 농촌사회의 기반으로서의 기능을 갖추려 하고 있습
니다 이로써 지역환경과 생태계를 안정화하고 지역을 정보화하며 농산물의 경쟁력을 갖추고 생태관.
광 및 녹색관광 자원으로서의 역할을 충분히 담당할 수 있도록 하고자 합니다 이러한 것들은 도농교.
류를 촉진시키고 그로 인한 유통방식을 다양화하는 기회가 될 것이고 농외소득의 기반을 제공할 것입
니다.
문당리의 사례와 같이 마을 주민들의 의지로 지속가능한 농촌사회가 구현될 수 있습니다 마을 발.
전 시나리오는 문당리 주민들의 의지와 의견이 반영되어 문당리 주민들이 추구하는 유토피아가 그려
지고 있습니다 이 보고서에는 지속가능한 농촌사회로 탈바꿈하고자 하는 문당리 주민들의 의지가 반.
영되어 있습니다.
서울대학교 환경대학원 양 병 이
격려사
역사적인 첫걸음을 축하드립니다.
친환경농업의 실천은 단순하게 땅을 살리는 일만이 아니라 물도 살리고 하늘도 살리고‘ ’ , ,
소비자의 건강도 살리는 소중한 일입니다 생명을 살리고 소비자와 농민을 함께 살리는 그런. ,
상생의 큰 효과를 나타내고 있는 것입니다 그러나 그 무엇보다도 더 중요한 것은 바로 기본으. ,
로 돌아가는 일입니다 바로 생명존중 사상을 바탕으로 살아온 우리 민족의 전통적 공동체 의식.
을 되살리는 것입니다.
우리 나라의 농촌은 급격한 산업화와 도시화로 고유의 공동체 의식을 많이 잃어 왔습니다.
게다가 농촌과 도시는 완전히 단절되고 도시는 도시대로 농촌은 농촌대로 심각한 문제를 안고,
있습니다 이런 모습으로 미래를 맞이해서는 안됩니다. .
농촌은 농촌대로 도시는 도시대로 건강하고 활기찬 미래를 준비해야 합니다 그래야 생명, . ,
도 되살리고 도시 소비자와 농민도 함께 살 수 있습니다, .
이러한 의미에서 문당리 주민들의 의지를 모은 세기 문당리 발전 백년 계획 은 마을주21『 』
민이 스스로 기초공동체의 삶의 질을 높이고 도시와 농촌을 연결시켜 지속가능한 사회를 만들,
어 가는 가교역할을 할 것입니다.
우리나라에서 처음 있는 이런 뜻깊은 시도는 우리 모두가 축하할 일이라고 봅니다.
우리 모두가 지켜보면서 지원하고 참여해야 할 것입니다 부디 문당리의 주민과 문당리 미래.
세대 그리고 우리 나라의 농민 농촌에 희망찬 미래가 열리기를 기원하며 문당리 주민 여러분, ,
들에게 제 가슴 속의 벅차 오르는 감격을 전하고 싶습니다.
김 성 훈 중앙대 교수 대 농림부 장관( , 51 )
격려사
농촌의 생명만이 우리의 희망입니다.
우리의 농촌은 비료와 농약의 과잉사용으로 농산물이나 농지는 생명을 잃어 가고 있습니다 그리고. ,
농민들의 건강과 생명도 함께 위협받고 있습니다 이제 아기의울음소리가 들리지 않는 마을이 꽤 많아졌.
습니다 젊은이가 없는 농촌은 이제 미래마저 보이지 않을 지경이 되었습니다. .
년 동안 농촌은 한국의 경제발전과 도시화를 위해사람도 자원도 모두내주었습니다 하지만 농촌30 , . ,
과 농민 농업을 위해서는 어떠한 배려도 없었습니다 하지만 우리가 살아가는 이 사회의 뿌리는 바로 농, . ,
촌과 농업에 있음을 부정할 사람은 없을 것입니다 이제한국사회는 농업과 농촌의 가치를 새롭게 바라보.
는 눈을 가져야 할 때입니다.
지금까지 농촌은 도시를 위한 경제발전을 위해 희생하는 농촌이었다면 이제는 농민들의 손으로, ,
농민들의 의지로 새로운 우리 마을 우리 고향 우리 농촌을 만들어 가야합니다 지속 가능한 농촌사, , , .
회의 구현은 한국 사회의 당면한 과제입니다.
충청남도 홍성군 홍동면 문당리는 주민이 주인이 되어 환경농업마을을 만들어 왔습니다 그리고. ,
이제는 문당리의 년 후의 그림을 그리고 있습니다 살고 싶은 문당리 살기 좋은 문당리 더불어100 . , ,
사는 문당리 대를 잇는 문당리를 꿈이 아닌 현실로 만들어 가고 있습니다, .
지속가능한 문당리 그리고 지속 가능한농촌은바로한국사회의미래이기도합니다 문당리의이러한, .
시도가 작은 불싸가 되어 우리 나라 농촌과 농민들에게들불처럼 번져나가게 되고 문당리의 생기있는 힘,
이 우리들 모두의 미래를 열어나가게 될 것으로 확신합니다.
문당리 주민들의 뜻깊은 행진에 저희 녹색연합이 함께 할 수 있는 기회를 주신 것에 무한한 감사를
드리며 미력하지만 문당리 주민들에게 힘이 될 수 있는 일이나 역할이 주어진다면 최선을 다하고자 합니
다.
녹색연합
조감도
문당리마을회관 환경농업교육관1 : ,
방문객센터 박물관 찜질방 인터넷방 독서실 도서, , , , ,
관
대장간 마을직판장 숙소 먹거리터 등, , ,
문당오리원2 :
삽교천 자연형 및 친수형 하천 조성지역3-1 :
삽교천 자연형 하천 강화구간3-2 :
노거수4 :
생태건축 시범건물5 :
오리농법 적용지역6 :
문당한우원 및 미생물 자연정화 시설7 :
신규 주거지 조성8-1, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4 :
부락별 우오수 자연정화 처리 연못생태연못9 : · ( )
부락별 생태 주차장10 :
생태통로 조성지역11 :
생태통로 조성지역12 :
녹색 산림휴양 지역13-1,13-2 :
산림지역 탐방로14 :
마을 전망대15 :
생태 저수지16-1, 16-2 :
문당리 입구17 :
문산마을입구18 :
버스정류장19 :
서근터 입구20 :
안말입구21 :
원당입구22 :
동곡입구23 : 1
동곡입구24 : 2
신규 주거지 생태연못25 :
산림보전지역26 :
옻샘터 생태학습원27 : ,
여름 멱감기 겨울 전통썰매( : , : )
문당 종합 농산물 가공장28 :
밀공장29 :
문당 한약원30 :
제 출 문
충남 홍성군 홍동면 문당리 주민 귀하
본 보고서를 주민의 의지와 의견을 반영한 세기 문당리 발전 백년 계획21〈 〉
최종보고서로 제출합니다.
2000. 12
연 구 참 여 진
연구책임총괄․ 양병이 서울대학교 환경대학원 교수
연구주관기관 서울대 환경계획연구소녹색연합․
연구진행관리․ 이관규
송병화
서울대학교 환경계획연구소 선임연구원
서울대학교 환경계획연구소 선임연구원
홍성
환경농업마을
주민
강정화 곽민기 곽연우 곽태우 권영달 권영순 권태헌 김경숙 김광섭 김기돈 김기영 김무
정 김병철 김신동 김용기 김원영 김재형 김정예 김창환 김화성 박복순 박성희 박순신
신범용 안금숙 염동필 유근철 유영석 김화성 유철호 유태호 이강산 이경애 이규영 이규
재 이규천 이규철 이덕종 이병일 이봉석 이세종 이순우 이순희 이용은 이은겸 이은재
이재영 이재황 이정영 이정재 이춘월 이회림 임동안 정민영 정상환 정택영 주윤로 주형
로 최승예 최영춘 홍윤석 황강석 황기석 황명석 황병석 고창규 김수홍 김순희 이세우
박영표 박종례 박준기 배성덕 송석용 송영수 송완수 심문섭 심상돈 심수섭 심재현 이동
준 이은종 이종익 이현우 장길섭 장대인 최명재 최순보 최평보 최현민 홍강필 홍기화
홍덕표 홍영필 홍봉화 홍창필
연구원
김경화
이성구
김영삼
김용주
민병욱
최태영
녹색연합 연구원
서울대학교 환경계획연구소 연구원
서울대학교 환경계획연구소 연구원
서울대학교 환경계획연구소 연구원
서울대학교 환경계획연구소 연구원
서울대학교 환경계획연구소 연구원
연구자문
권오상 서울대 농경제사회학부 교수
이재준 협성대학교 도시건축공학부 교수
제 목 차 례
개 요계획의 배경.Ⅰ 18
계획의 목적.Ⅱ 19
계획의 범위.Ⅲ 20
계획 추진 과정.Ⅳ 21
문당리의 환경 분석자연생태계.Ⅰ 23
경제생산.Ⅱ ․ 32
인문사회.Ⅲ ․ 44
현황분석의 종합과 계획시 고려사항.Ⅳ 54
기 본 구 상문당리 발전 최종 목표상.Ⅰ 56
세기 농업농촌 비전과 문당리의 과제. 21Ⅱ ․ 56
목표달성을 위한 계획항목.Ⅲ 59
계획방향 및 기본구상.Ⅳ 60마을 년 발전계획에 따른 단계별 목표. 100Ⅴ 74
기 본 계 획생태계 보전 및 관리 계획.Ⅰ 77
생태계 네트워크 계획.Ⅱ 85
물질순환체계 확립 계획.Ⅲ 94
환경친화적 생산물 특화 계획.Ⅳ 109생산성 향상을 위한 대안.Ⅴ 112농외소득 기반 마련 계획.Ⅵ 113마을의 경제순환기반 마련 계획.Ⅶ 114마을의 유통방식 개선 대안.Ⅷ 116완전고용기반 마련 계획.Ⅸ 117생태적 주거환경 조성 계획.Ⅹ 119교육수준 안정화 및 후계자 양성 계획.Ⅺ 156두레공동체 계획.Ⅻ 157
III.Ⅹ 문화복지 수준 향상계획․ 158.ⅩⅣ 정보인프라 구축계획 158.ⅩⅤ 녹색관광 및 환경교육 160
사업화 계획사업추진단계.Ⅰ 163
사업추진 지역연계 방안.Ⅱ 164사업항목별 추진내용과 소요사업비 추정.Ⅲ 165
사업항목별 실행시기.Ⅳ 173
부 록새천년 건설환경 디자인 대회 생태마을 부문 발표 원고, 177
표 차 례
표 문당리의 인구구성1. ·········································································································································· 32
표 문당리의 경작지 이용면적2. ······························································································································ 33
표 문당리의 농작물 작목현황3. ······························································································································ 33
표 문당리의 오리농법 경작 추이4. ······················································································································ 33
표 문당리의 오리농법 생산 수익 추이5. ··············································································································· 34
표 환경친화적 벼농사 농법별 비교6. ····················································································································· 34
표 홍동면의 임야 현황7. ········································································································································ 36
표 토지소유자별 현황8. ·········································································································································· 36
표 소유토지의 규모9. ·············································································································································· 36
표 차량 소유10. ······················································································································································ 38
표 농기계 보유 현황11. ·········································································································································· 38
표 지방 정부의 환경농업 지원내역12. ·················································································································· 39
표 친환경농업 시범마을 조성사업 대상지 선정결과13. ······················································································· 39
표 문당리 토지이용 현황14. ··································································································································· 40
표 관련자치조직15. ················································································································································· 41
표 오리농 관련 행사16. ·········································································································································· 43
표 문당리 주민의 마을개선 의식과 의지17. ········································································································· 44
표 문당리의 주택유형18. ········································································································································ 47
표 건축물의 신축연도19. ········································································································································ 48
표 주택의 재료20. ··················································································································································· 48
표 지붕의 종류21. ··················································································································································· 49
표 단열재의 사용 유무22. ······································································································································ 49
표 담장의 종류23. ··················································································································································· 49
표 화장실 유형24. ··················································································································································· 50
표 부엌유형25. ························································································································································ 50
표 건축면적26. ························································································································································ 51
표 건폐율27. ···························································································································································· 51
표 현황분석 종합과 계획시 고려사항28. ··············································································································· 54
표 목표달성을 위한 계획항목의 도출29. ··············································································································· 59
표 대안의 비교 검토와 선정30. ····························································································································· 64
표 기존 주거지의 생태적 주거환경화 계획 과정31. ····························································································· 64
표 수치화된 데이터의 적지분석을 위한 등급분류와 평점 부여32. ····································································· 66
표 적지후보지의 비교33. ········································································································································ 70
표 주거지에서의 물의 이용34. ······························································································································· 95
표 생태적 주거환경을 위한 계획요소35. ············································································································· 122
표 환경친화적 건축재료의 선택 대안신축의 경우36. ( ) ······················································································ 123
표 환경친화적 건축재료의 선택수선의 경우37. ( ) ······························································································· 126
표 자연소재를 사용한 건축38. ····························································································································· 130
표 대상지에서의 우수처리 계획에 따른 물순환 개념39. ··················································································· 132
표 농촌주거의 변화요인과 내용40. ······················································································································ 149
표 전통적 주거와 농촌 주택 표준설계 라형 비교41. ‘ 15- ’ ················································································ 151
표 유형별 개보수 가능성42. ․ ································································································································ 155
그 림 차 례
그림 문당리 발전 목표1. ········································································································································ 20
그림 문당리의 지리적 위치2. ································································································································· 23
그림 문당리의 자연부락3. ······································································································································· 23
그림 대상지의 표고와 삽교천4. ······························································································································ 24
그림 대상지의 수계5. ·············································································································································· 25
그림 대상지의 경사6. ·············································································································································· 25
그림 대상지의 향7. ················································································································································· 25
그림 문당리의 월별 기온 분포8. ···························································································································· 26
그림 문당리의 월별 강수량 분포9. ························································································································ 27
그림 홍동면의 지질분포10. ···································································································································· 27
그림 문당리 식물상11. ············································································································································ 28
그림 팽나무12. ························································································································································ 28
그림 소나무림13. ····················································································································································· 28
그림 삵14. ······························································································································································· 29
그림 수리부엉이15. ················································································································································· 29
그림 살무사16. ························································································································································ 29
그림 고라니17. ························································································································································ 29
그림 두꺼비18. ························································································································································ 29
그림 참새19. ···························································································································································· 29
그림 참개구리20. ····················································································································································· 29
그림 두더지21. ························································································································································ 29
그림 족제비 배설물22. ············································································································································ 29
그림 너구리 발자국23. ············································································································································ 29
그림 고라니 발자국24. ············································································································································ 29
그림 멧토끼 배설물25. ············································································································································ 29
그림 문당리 산림지역의 먹이 피라미드26. ··········································································································· 30
그림 문당리 논의 먹이 피라미드27. ······················································································································ 31
그림 문당리 하천 수중의 먹이피라미드28. ( ) ·········································································································· 31
그림 문당리 밭의 먹이 피라미드29. ······················································································································ 31
그림 문당리 주거지역의 먹이 피라미드30. ··········································································································· 31
그림 마을과 관련된 생산유통조직31. ․ ···················································································································· 37
그림 환경농업교육관 배치도32. ····························································································································· 46
그림 환경농업교육관 부지 전경공사 전33. ( ) ········································································································ 46
그림 환경농업교육관 신규 마을회관 공사 후34. , ( , 2000. 12) ············································································ 46
그림 양옥35. ···························································································································································· 47
그림 한옥36. ···························································································································································· 47
그림 양옥 한옥37. + ·················································································································································· 47
그림 흙 나무38. + ··················································································································································· 48
그림 조적조39. ························································································································································ 48
그림 경량철골40. ····················································································································································· 48
그림 슬래브41. ························································································································································ 49
그림 기와42. ···························································································································································· 49
그림 함석43. ·························································································································································· 49
그림 시멘트블럭 담장44. ········································································································································ 50
그림 재래식45. ························································································································································ 50
그림 동선포장 및 접근교통46. ‧ ······························································································································ 52
그림 배수 트랜치 개구부47. ··································································································································· 53
그림 시설48. BMW ················································································································································· 53
그림 문당리의 지속가능한 발전 년 계획의 최종 목표상49. 100 ·········································································· 56
그림 생태계 보전 및 관리개념50. ·························································································································· 60
그림 생태계 보전 및 관리 개념도51. ···················································································································· 60
그림 생태계 네트워크 개념도52. ··························································································································· 60
그림 생산물 종류별 유통방식 다양화 개념과 유형 예시53. ················································································ 62
그림 생태주거단지 조성 대안54. ··························································································································· 63
그림 표고의 등급분류 및 평점55. ·························································································································· 67
그림 경사의 등급분류 및 평점56. ·························································································································· 67
그림 향의 등급분류의 평점57. ······························································································································· 67
그림 기존 주거지로부터의 거리의 등급 분류 및 평점58. ···················································································· 67
그림 수계로부터의 거리 등급분류 및 평점59. ······································································································ 68
그림 묘지로부터의 거리 등급분류 및 평점60. ···································································································· 68
그림 도로로부터의 거리 등급분류 및 평점61. ······································································································ 68
그림 농업진흥 구역의 등급분류 및 평점62. ········································································································· 68
그림 공동묘지로부터 이하의 거리는 적지에서 제외63. 50m ················································································ 69
그림 수계로부터의 이내 거리는 적지에서 제외64. 10m ······················································································· 69
그림 도로로부터 이내의 거리는 적지에서 제외65. 10m ····················································································· 69
그림 수치데이터 분석결과 도출된 등급에서 등급 지역과 최종 도출된 적지 후보지66. 1 5 ··························· 70
그림 안정적 인구구조 기반 요건67. ······················································································································ 71
그림 안정적 인구기반 조성의 단계적 개념68. ······································································································ 71
그림 유서 깊은 장소 마을의 역사적 흔적이 있는 장소 등의 보전과 장소성 회복69. , ······································ 72
그림 마을의 행사 등 지역의 전통성 부여 및 이미지 특화70. ············································································· 72
그림 마을의 전통 유물 역사가 담긴 물건 등의 보관전시71. , ․ ··········································································· 72
그림 환경친화적 농산물 생산과정의 경관자원화하여 지역의 고유 이미지 제공 환경교육 및 녹색관광과의72. ,
연계 ··························································································································································· 72
그림 오리농법 등으로 마을 고유 이미지을 특화하는 장소 마련73. ·································································· 72
그림 정보인프라 구축 개념74. ······························································································································· 73
그림 마을 발전 단계별 목표75. ····························································································································· 74
그림 종합계획도76. ················································································································································· 76
그림 생태계 보전 및 관리지역의77. zoning ········································································································· 77
그림 문당의 하천유형 삽교천 소하천 농수로 저수지78. : , , , ··············································································· 77
그림 삽교천 정비 구역79. ······································································································································ 78
그림 우오수 유입부분의 자연형 하천화 구상도80. ․ ······························································································ 78
그림 우오수 유입부근의 자연형 하천 조성 예시도81. ․ ························································································· 79
그림 삽교천의 자연형 친수형 하천 강화계획 예시도82. , ···················································································· 79
그림 오수 및 우수 흐름 모식도83. ························································································································ 80
그림 주거지 오수정화처리 연못 농수로84. → → ······························································································· 80
그림 집수구 복원단면도85. ···································································································································· 80
그림 저수지 조성개념 단면86. ······························································································································· 81
그림 저수지 조성계획 모델87. ······························································································································· 81
그림 저수지 조성을 통한 물의 순환 환경 조성 예시88. ······················································································ 81
그림 산림생태계 지역의 관리 및 이용을 위한 지역 구분89. ·············································································· 82
그림 녹색 휴양림 조성 개념도90. ·························································································································· 82
그림 기본 동선 조성 개념도완만한 경사지91. ( ) ··································································································· 83
그림 기본 동선 조성 개념도급한 경사지92. ( ) ······································································································· 83
그림 활동프로그램 홍보물 예시안93. ( ) ················································································································· 84
그림 농업생태계 보전 지역 구획도94. ·················································································································· 84
그림 생태계 네트워크 주요 단절요소95. ··············································································································· 85
그림 아스팔트 왕복 차선도로 구간의 생태계 네트워크 장기적 구상96. 2 ·························································· 86
그림 마을외곽 콘크리트 포장길의 네트워크 개선 구상97. ·················································································· 86
그림 문당내부 콘크리트 포장길의 네트워크 개선 장기구상98. ··········································································· 87
그림 주거지 접근소로의 장기적 개선 방안99. ······································································································ 87
그림 주거지역 생태계 네트워크 구축하기 위한 계획 요소100. ·········································································· 88
그림 기존 담장의 녹화101. ·································································································································· 89
그림 기존 담장을 생울타리로 개선하는 방안102. ································································································ 89
그림 기존 담장의 소재 전환 및 신규조성103. ····································································································· 90
그림 저무관리형 옥상녹화 예시도104. ․ ················································································································· 90
그림 지붕녹화 예시도105. ······································································································································ 91
그림 중관리형 옥상녹화 예시도106. ······················································································································ 91
그림 건물입면의 녹화107. ······································································································································ 92
그림 마을 주변의 거목 이용108. ··························································································································· 92
그림 투수성 포장109. ············································································································································· 92
그림 생물의 이동거리 고려110. ····························································································································· 92
그림 다공질 돌무덤의 조성111. ····························································································································· 92
그림 고사목의 활용112. ········································································································································· 92
그림 차륜을 고려한 투수성 포장113. ···················································································································· 92
그림 가지 쌓기114. ················································································································································· 93
그림 주거지 주변의 유휴토지를 효율적으로 활용할 수 있는 예시115. ······························································ 93
그림 그늘집 쉼터의 생태적인 조성 예116. , ·········································································································· 93
그림 주거지 주변에 조성할 수 있는 새집의 예시117. ························································································· 94
그림 문당리의 물 흐름118. ···································································································································· 94
그림 물순환계획 모식도119. ·································································································································· 95
그림 우수이용 실시 예120. ···································································································································· 96
그림 우수 저장통 간이 중수도 시설121 ( ) ············································································································· 96
그림 우수저장 예시도122. ······································································································································ 96
그림 투수성 포장 예시도123. ································································································································ 97
그림 투수성 주차장 및 도로의 개념도124. ··········································································································· 97
그림 소생물권을 고려한 자연정화 연못의 조성개념125. ····················································································· 97
그림 온실형 자연 정화 연못126. ··························································································································· 97
그림 자연유출 순환식 화장실무주 진도리127. ( ) ··································································································· 98
그림 발효식 실내 화장실128. ································································································································ 98
그림 생태적인 인분 처리 예시129. ······················································································································· 98
그림 주거지 주변에 적용할 수 있는 자원의 재활용을 통한 식생환경 조성130. ··············································· 99
그림 패시브 솔라 시스템을 활용한 실험 주택 사례일본 동경131. ( , ) ······························································· 100
그림 패시브 태양열 시스템 개념 예시도132. ····································································································· 100
그림 태양열 집광판의 경사133. ··························································································································· 100
그림 태양광 발전기 홍성군 풀무학교134. ( ) ········································································································ 101
그림 지붕 처마의 내민 길이와 일조 각도135. ··································································································· 101
그림 설치형 태양열 온수 이용시스템 사례136. ································································································· 102
그림 패시브 솔라시스템을 활용한 건물 전면 온실 및 온수의 활용예시도137. ··············································· 102
그림 태양열을 이용한 복사난방138. ··················································································································· 103
그림 전면 온실 설치예139. 1 ································································································································ 103
그림 전면 온실 설치예140. 2 ································································································································ 103
그림 사례 독일 샤프륄 주거단지의 건물 전면 온실141. : ················································································ 103
그림 태양열 활용 주택의 예142. ························································································································· 103
그림 미기후를 이용한 대청마루의 냉방 개념143. ······························································································ 104
그림 개별건물의 바람 이용144. ··························································································································· 104
그림 건물군의 바람 이용145. ······························································································································ 105
그림 실내의 공기의 흐름146. ······························································································································ 105
그림 수목과 연계된 바람의 흐름147. ·················································································································· 105
그림 주택과 방풍림148. ······································································································································· 105
그림 주거 외부에서의 공기의 흐름149. ·············································································································· 105
그림 식생 자연지형을 고려한 바람의 활용150. , ································································································ 106
그림 사례 바람에너지를 활용하기 위한 바람의 광장과 풍차의 조성일본 지구마을 번지151. : ( 1 ) ················ 106
그림 바람조절을 위한 식재계획 예시152. ·········································································································· 106
그림 주변환경을 조절하기 위한 식재계획 예시도153. ······················································································· 106
그림 시설154. BMW ············································································································································· 107
그림 시설과 우수 등을 함께 활용하는 방안 예시도155. BMW ·········································································· 107
그림 오리농법의 특화156. ···································································································································· 109
그림 시기별 오리농 생산과정의 특화계획157. ··································································································· 110
그림 현재 조성되어 있는 오리집158. ·················································································································· 110
그림 오리집 및 문당오리원 조성 구상도159. ····································································································· 110
그림 오리집 개선 단면도 예시160. ····················································································································· 111
그림 오리집의 이미지 예시161. ··························································································································· 111
그림 문당오리원 조성지역162. ···························································································································· 111
그림 문당오리원 조성지역의 위치도163. ············································································································ 111
그림 오리마을 조성 구상도164. ··························································································································· 111
그림 문당 리원 조성 개념도165. ························································································································· 111
그림 한약재배장의 위치166. ································································································································ 112
그림 문당한약원 운영 개념도167. ······················································································································· 112
그림 문당한우원의 위치168. ································································································································ 113
그림 문당 종합가공 공장의 위치169. ·················································································································· 113
그림 마을 경제 순환 모식도170. ························································································································· 115
그림 생산물 유형별 유통방식의 다양화 및 유통방식의 대안 개념171. ···························································· 117
그림 신규 마을회관을 중심으로 하는 생산자소비자 연결 프로그램 제공 및 홍보전략 개념도172. ․ ·············· 117
그림 지속가능한 문당리 생태을의 목표를 달성하기 위해 단계적으로 필요한 고용기회의 수요173. ··········· 118
그림 초가지붕174. ················································································································································ 129
그림 너와지붕 삼척군 신기면175. ( ) ······················································································································ 129
그림 돌기와 청원군 미원면176. ( ) ························································································································ 129
그림 오지기와 청원군 귀래리177. ( ) ···················································································································· 129
그림 대상지 수순환도178. ···································································································································· 132
그림 개별건물에서의 우수활용 계획도179. ········································································································· 133
그림 자연낙차를 활용한 정화의 단면180. ·········································································································· 134
그림 사례 샤프륄 주거단지 독일의 실개천 조성181. : ( ) ····················································································· 134
그림 토양층과 식생을 이용한 정화 의 단면개념도182. (Marsh biofilter system) ············································ 135
그림 생태연못183. ················································································································································ 135
그림 자연정화 연못에 조성할 수 있는 인공 식생섬의 개념184. ······································································ 136
그림 사례 독일 샤프륄 주거단지의 소생물권을 고려한 생태연못의 조성185. : ·············································· 136
그림 경사지에 적용할 수 있는 테라스형 주거지 예시도186. ············································································ 138
그림 테라스형 주거지 계획 및 이미지 예시도187. ···························································································· 138
그림 단독주거지 사례유형188. 1 ························································································································· 139
그림 사례유형 의 투시도189. 1 ···························································································································· 139
그림 사례유형 의 투시도190. 1 ···························································································································· 140
그림 단독주거지 사례유형191. 2 ························································································································· 140
그림 사례유형192. 3 ············································································································································ 141
그림 사례유형 투시도193. 3 ······························································································································ 141
그림 사례 독일의 생태 주거단지샤프륄 주거단지194. : ( ) ················································································· 142
그림 생태주거단지의 건축사례 일본 지구마을 번지195. ( , 1 ) ············································································· 142
그림 일본 지구마을의 주택 단면196. ·················································································································· 142
그림 자연과 조화되는 생태건축 사례197. (James Cutker Architects) ···························································· 142
그림 자연과 조화되는 생태건축 사례미국 캘리포니아198. ( , Hill House Inner Court) ································· 142
그림 의 단면199. Hill House Inner Court ········································································································· 143
그림 자연과 조화되는 생태건축 사례미국 캘리포니아200 ( , Hill House) ························································ 143
그림 의 단면201. Hill House ································································································································ 143
그림 자연과 조화되는 생태건축 사례 미국 캘리포니아202. ( , Spring Lake Park Visitor' Center) ············· 143
그림 의 난방시스템 개념203. Spring Lake Park Visitor' Center ···································································· 143
그림 의 냉방 시스템 개념204. Pring Lake Park Visitor' Center ···································································· 144
그림 자연과 조화되는 생태건축 사례 캐나다 의205. ( Ontario Boyne River Ecology Centre) ···················· 144
그림 의 태양궤도를 고려한 건물 설계 개념206. Boyne River Ecology Centre ··········································· 144
그림 의 물질순환 시스템 개념207. Boyne River Ecology Centre ································································· 144
그림 의 패시브솔라시스템 개념208. Boyne River Ecology Centre ······························································· 145
그림 자연에너지를 활용한 생태건축 사례209. ··································································································· 145
그림 자형 전통주거의 대표적 평면210. ‘ ’ㄱ ········································································································ 151
그림 농촌주택 표준설계 라형 평면도211. 15- ···································································································· 151
그림 평면 배치 예시212. ····································································································································· 152
그림 자형 개보수 모델 예시도 평면213. ( )ㄱ ······································································································ 153
그림 자형 개보수 모델 예시도 평면214. ( )ㅡ ········································································································ 153
그림 개보수 모델 예시도단면215. ( ) ···················································································································· 154
그림 기존 주택을 생태적으로 개선한 사례 이미지216. ··················································································· 154
그림 연령층별 교육 및 후계자 양성을 위한 역할 개념도217. ·········································································· 156
그림 문당리의 교육환경 개선 및 후계자 양성을 위한 계획안218. ··································································· 156
그림 두레공동체 개념도219. ································································································································ 157
그림 정보 인프라 구축을 위한 단계별 계획220. ································································································ 159
그림 녹색관광 및 환경교육 프로그램 계획 개념221. ························································································ 160
그림 녹색관광 및 환경교육 루트 계획222. ········································································································· 161
그림 사업추진 단계와 마을의 세대223. ·············································································································· 163
그림 홍성 환경농업마을의 위상과 조직체계224. ································································································ 164
개요계획의 배경.Ⅰ 18
계획의 목적.Ⅱ 19
계획의 범위.Ⅲ 20
계획 추진 과정.Ⅳ 21
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18
문당리 발전 백년 계획21C
계획의 배경I.
농업농촌의 변화1. ․농촌지역 사회 약화(1)
농업인구 감소 및 고령화 도시근교 농지의 전용 중산간 지역의 농지 휴폐경은 지속될 것이, , ․다 농가호수 및 농업인구는 연평균 의 감소세가 지속될 것으로 예상된다. 3 4% .～
삶의 질 및 환경의 질 낙후(2)
년대 이후 도시 중심의 개발과 도시로의 인구이동으로 농촌의 생활 환경에 대한 개선정책70
이 전혀 없어 농촌생활 환경은 낙후될 대로 낙후되었고 하천오염이나 쓰레기문제 등 심각한 환,
경오염이 발생하고 있다.
농산물 안전성 위협 우려(3)
농산물 재배과정에서 농약 화학비료 제초제 등의 과다사용으로 농산물의 안전성이 크게, ,
위협받고 있다 이것은 도시소비자들의 건강은 물론 생산자인 농민의 건강 땅의 건강을 심각하. ,
게 위협하고 있다.
국제적 농산물 경쟁 약화(4)
차기 협상에서 우르과이라운드 협상에 이은추가적인 농산물 보조금 및관세의 인WTO (UR)
하가 예상되므로 농산물 자유화 폭이 확대되고 국내 생산보호기능이 점차 약화될 것이다 또한.
중국의 가입으로 농업분야에서중국과의경쟁이더욱치열해질것으로전망됨에따라농산WTO
물 경쟁력 강화가 절실히 요구된다.
농촌사회의 과제2.
생명 환경산업으로서의 농업(1) ,
도시소비자들의농산물안전성에대한이해가높아지면서친환경농산물에대한관심이커져
가고 있다 이에 친환경농산물의 수요나 경쟁력은 높아질 것으로 예상된다 그리고 농업정책에. . ,
주요기조로 반영되고 있으며 관련지원법이 구체적으로 제정되고 있다.
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문당리 발전 백년 계획21C
농업을 통한 다양한 소득원 창출과 유통망 개선(2)
기존의 차적인 농산물 생산에서 그치지 않고 농산물의 가공 도시인들의 여가 형태 변화에1 ,
따른 녹색관광 실현 새로운 소득원 발굴등농업을통한다양한소득원을만드는것이필요하다, .
또한 농산물의 가격을 제대로 책정하기위해생산자와소비자를보호하는유통이절실히필요하,
다.
삶의 질 개선 및 환경친화적인 생활환경 조성(3)
농촌주민이안정적으로살아가기위해무엇보다도삶의질 생활환경의개선이필요하다 편, .
리한 주택 마을공동시설 교육시설 등의 문화 복지시설 등 기본적인 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있는, , ,
시설과 마을 주변의 환경을 오염시키지 않는 생활 등이 필요하다.
국토의 환경보전에 기여하는 농촌환경 조성(4)
농촌은 농지와 하천 산림 마을 등이 어우러지는 환경을 가지고 있다 오염되지 않은 농지, , . ,
하천 산림 마을로 만들어 국토의 환경보전에 주요한 역할을 하여야 할 것이다, , .
계획의 목적II.
삶의 질이 향상되는 쾌적한 마을환경으로 개선1.
불량하거나 노후한건축물을신축 개축 증축하되환경오염을발생시키지않아야하고 자연, , ,
생태계와 농업생태계를 보전하고 관리함으로써 마을환경이 쾌적한 상태를 유지하도록 한다.
자원절약형 순환형 마을 조성2. ,
자원과 에너지가 낭비되지 않고 자연생태계 자원 생산활동이 순환하도록 마을 환경을 조성, ,
한다.
지역문화 지역공동체 지역교육의 중심이 되는 마을3. , ,
환경농업교육관을 통하여 지역의 활성화와 찾아오는 외부인의 교육을 담당하여 환경농업과
문화유적을 체계적으로 알리고 발전시킬 수 있는 다양한 프로그램을 개발하여 운영한다.
마을의 발전을 위한 중장기 계획마련4. ‧
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문당리 발전 백년 계획21C
환경농업을바탕으로지속가능한생태마을을유지할수있도록마을의생산공동체 문화 교, ,
육 등의 측면에서 중장기적인 계획을 마련한다.
그림 1 문당리 발전 목표.
• 넉넉한문당리
• 오손도손한문당리
• 자연과사람이건강한문당리
• 삶의질개선• 두레공동체회복• 세대간연속• 고용창출및마을경제완성• 도시인의고향
• 환경농업실현
• 안정된소득
• 살기좋은주거환경
• 녹색관광실현
• 복지및문화수준향상
계획의 범위III.
공간적 범위1.
충청남도 홍성군 홍동면 문당리-
시간적 범위2.
년에서 년 이후-2000 2100
지속가능한 마을 기반확립 목표 연도 년- : 2030
내용적 범위3.
문당리 주민의 의지와 의견이 반영된 문당리 마을 발전을 위한 기본 방향과 전략적 기본-
계획
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21
문당리 발전 백년 계획21C
계획 추진 과정IV.
사업착수 년 월: 2000 2○
차 현장답사 년 월 일1 : 2000 2 28○
차 현장답사 년 월 일2 : 2000 3 22○
차 현장답사 년 월 일3 : 2000 4 13, 14, 15○
차 주민 간담회 년 월 일 토 주형로 대표 자택1 : 2000 5 6 ( ),○
문당리의 현황과 백년계획을 위한 계획항목-
기본구상의 논의-
계획의 개괄 논의 및 상견례-
차 현장답사 년 월 말4 : 2000 5○
기타 현장답사 생략○
차 주민 간담회 년 월 일토 홍동 알교회2 : 2000 7 15 ( ),○
기본구상의 발전-
기본계획안 발표-
차 주민 간담회 년 월 일토 공장3 : 2000 9 23 ( ),○
기본계획-
사업추진방안-
차 대표 간담회 년 월 일금 대표 및 사무국장 회의4 : 2000 11 3 ( ),○
년 월 일 새천년 건설환경 디자인 국제 대회 문당리 사례 발표2000 11 14 :○
차 대표 간담회 년 월 일토 대표 및 사무국장 회의5 : 2000 12 2 ( ),○
년 월 일 환경농업교육관 준공식 및 세기 문당리 발전 백년 계획 요약보고서 출2000 12 19 : 21○ 〈 〉
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