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![Page 1: Feeding Our Future : The Role of Nutrition Research in ... · Feeding Our Future: The Role of Nutrition Research in Updating Child Nutrition Programs Suzanne P. Murphy, Ph.D., R.D](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/6026923c5ba5d247ae1604dd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Feeding Our Future: The Role of Nutrition Research in Updating Child Nutrition Programs
Suzanne P. Murphy, Ph.D., R.D.Research Professor, Cancer Research Center of
Hawaii
February 25, 2010NC-FAR Lunch N Learn Seminar
Washington, DC
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NUTRITION RESEARCH
REVISIONS AND IMPROVEMENT TOCHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS
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NUTRITION RESEARCH
REVISIONS AND IMPROVEMENT TOCHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS
REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS
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Synthesis of research is essential
• Dietary Guidelines for Americans (revised every 5 years; USDA/HHS): all federal programs MUST follow the DGs.
• MyPyramid (revised in response to DG and DRIs; USDA)
• Dietary Reference Intakes (need to be regularly revised; IOM)
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Nutrition programs Use MyPyramid for food targets
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Nutrition programs use DRIs for nutrient targets
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Research has informed the IOM’s Recent Reviews of Child Nutrition Programs
• Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC)
• National School Breakfast and Lunch (NSBP, SLP)
• Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP)
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Many types of nutrition research help improve child nutrition programs
• Epidemiology of diet and disease
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NUTRITION RESEARCH: Whole grain intakereduces risk of chronic diseases
WIC and School Meals require increasesIn whole grain foods
DG recommends half of all grainsshould be whole
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NUTRITION RESEARCH: Trans fatty acidsIncrease risk of heart disease
School Meals must eliminate all commercialfoods with more than 0 g trans FA
DG and DRIs recommend
eliminating trans FA
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What types of “nutrition research” help improve child nutrition programs?
• Epidemiology of diet and disease• Nutrient requirements of mothers and
children
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Dietary Reference Intakes
• DRIs are the nutrient intake standards for the US
• Based on nutrient requirements by age and gender groups
• Research base is often incomplete, especially for children
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What types of “nutrition research” help improve child nutrition programs?
• Epidemiology of diet and disease• Nutrient requirements of mothers and
children• Nutrition surveys to identify
deficiencies and excesses• Food composition data to support
surveys
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Prevalence of inadequate intakes of vitamin A among WIC age groups (WWEIA/USDA)
0
20
40
60
Child 12-23 mo Child 2-4 Pg/Lact Post-partum
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Vitamin A (mcg RAE/d) in old and new WIC food package VI (post-partum women)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Former Revised Change
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Benefit – Decreased prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intakes for post-partum women
0
20
40
60
Former Revised
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Institute of Medicine’s Review Process
• Convene committee of experts; ensure no bias or conflicts
• Compile all published research• Collect data from national surveys• Use DRIs to evaluate intakes• Write a consensus report with references
(NOT opinions)• Extensive peer review process
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Timeline for the IOM WIC Report
Sep-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Dec-03 Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04 Sep-04 Oct-04 Nov-04 Dec-04 Jan-05 Feb-05 Mar-05 Apr-05 May-05 Jun-05RELEASE RELEASE
Project Initiation• PRELIMINARY
REPORT Production
Preliminary Report Review
Mtg1
Final report delivered in pre-
publication
Study Period
Review
MeetingReports
MeetingReports
FINAL REPORT: Research, Meet, Deliberate• Plan, organize and hold Public Workshop• Detailed research• Develop draft outline and frame report• Develop draft report• Develop consensus on conclusions and recommendations
Review
FINAL REPORT
Mtg2
Mtg3
Mtg4
Mtg5
Mtg6
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Released April 2005
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Example: WIC recommendations for fruits and vegetables
• Research shows that F/V intake associated with reduced obesity and chronic diseases
• Revised WIC: Every participant over 6 months of age to get fruits and vegetables:– Babies: jarred baby food fruit/veg– Children: cash-value vouchers for $8/month– Women: cash-value vouchers for $10/month
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Process of implementing the IOM’s WIC recommendations
• Committee’s recommendations go to USDA/Food and Nutrition Service
• Posted (with very few revisions) in the Federal Register
• All responses reviewed by FNS• Final rules posted and then become
regulations.
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The IOM’s WIC recommendations are now federal regulations
• Effective September, 2009• Many states started sooner• Signs posted in supermarkets saying, “WIC
fruit and vegetable vouchers taken here”
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School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children
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School Meals Recommendations
• Released October, 2009• Increased fruits and vegetables in meals• Increased whole grains• Limited fat in dairy products• No trans fat in commercial foods• Specified maximum calorie levels
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Example: Balancing food security and obesity prevention
• Provide sufficient but not excessive calories (set minimum and maximum calorie levels)
• Ensure that the foods are nutrient dense (high in nutrients but low in calories)
• Provide foods that are NOT calorie dense (by limiting fats and sugars)
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CACFP Process
• Child and Adult Care Food Programs– Children in day care– Children in after-school care– Disabled adults– Older adults– Emergency feeding
• Currently being reviewed by an IOM Committee
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How is the impact assessed?
• Period evaluations are essential• For example, the School Nutrition Dietary
Surveys conducted by the Food and Nutrition Service
• Something similar would be desirable for WIC and CACFP
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What types of nutrition research help improve child nutrition programs?
• Epidemiology of diet and disease• Nutrient requirements of children• Nutrition surveys to identify deficiencies and
excesses• Food composition data to support surveys• Evaluations of food programs
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NUTRITION RESEARCH IS A BROAD UMBRELLA
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How visible are these programs to the public?
• Virtually everyone who grew up in the US knows about school meals (and has an opinion about their quality). 30 million children fed each day.
• Half of all babies born in the US receive WIC
• Child care is utilized by a growing percentage of working families
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People know these programs and are passionate about them!
• USDA/FNS received 44,000 written comments when the WIC revisions were posted in the Federal Register
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Nutrition Research is the Key to Improving Their Effectiveness
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For more information
• IOM reports: www.nap.edu
• Dietary Guidelines: www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines
• MyPyramid: www.mypyramid.gov