FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS

2019 PENNSYLVANIA DAIRY SUMMIT

FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS

Plant, animal and food residues that are either indigestible by humans, unpalatable to people, or no longer saleable.

IUUBs

Indigestible, Unpalatable, Unsellable BiomassWhat are

they?

ZHENGXIA DOU, B.S., M.S., PhDProfessor, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine

FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS

1. Corn grain

2. Wheat midds

3. Brewers grains

4. Barley straw

5. Fruits & Nuts

6. Feather meal

7. Vegetables

8. C16:0 fats

9. Soybean Hulls

What are they?

FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS

1. Corn grain X

2. Wheat midds √

3. Brewers grains √

4. Barley straw √

5. Fruits & Nuts √

6. Feather meal √

7. Vegetables √

8. C16:0 fats √

9. Soybean Hulls √

What are they?

FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS

1. Healthier for the cow

2. Lowered feed costs

3. Dependable access

4. Delivery schedule

5. Unique nutritional attribute

6. Environmental sustainability

Why?

FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS

1. Healthier for the cow ??

2. Lowered feed costs

3. Dependable access

4. Delivery schedule

5. Unique nutritional attribute

6. Environmental sustainability

Why?

FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS

¡ Every year the world throws away 1.3 billion tons of edible food.

¡ This means that nearly 1/3 of the world’s food production ends up in landfills.

¡ 80 million tons in the United States

¡ EPA’s Food Recovery Hierarchy -Reduce Wasted Food by Feeding Animals

¡ Federal regulations - TheFDA’sBovineSpongiformEncephalopathy (BSE)/RuminantFeedBanRule prohibits theuseofmammalianprotein(i.e.,animaltissue)infeedsforruminantanimals.

Environmental Sustainability

FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS

EXAMPLES…

Photo credit, JOSEPH S. BENDER, DVMUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine

FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS

EXAMPLES…

FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS

1. Unknown analysis

2. High moisture

3. Fat of the wrong kind

4. Spoilage & shrink

5. Delivery schedule issues

6. Food/Feed safety

Pitfalls?

FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS

Case Study

ByproductFeedIngredientsinDairyRations

2020PennsylvaniaDairySummit

R.TomBass,II,DVM,PhDRenaissanceNutrition,Inc.

Overview

• WhyFeedThem?• Specialistsvsutilityplayers• Storageconsiderations&potentialfeedqualityissues

• Costconsiderations

Whyfeedthem??

• Improverationnutrientprofile• Improveincomeoverfeedcostand/orreducerationcosts– Recognizedifferencesexistintheformulasusedforingredientvaluation

• Stretchforageinventories

NorthCarolinaDairyScenario(March2008)

RationSpecifications• 17.2%crudeprotein• 35.3%NDF• 6.1%fat• 33%forage• 18.7%forageNDF• 21%totalstarch

RationIngredients• 20lbcornsilage• 42lbsorg-sudansilage

(BMR)• 23lbhominy• 3lbsoyhulls• 2.75lbwholecottonseed• 6lbsoybeanmeal• 2.35lbmineral-protein

blend• 8lbwater

NorthCarolinaDairyScenario(March2008)

HerdDescription• 120cows;2XnorBST• 205DIM• 83lbtankaverage• 3.6%fat,3.0%protein

NorthCarolinaDairyScenario

SpecialistsvsUtilityPlayers

• Whichbyproductingredientssupplywhichnutrients???– Protein?– Starchand/orsugar,orotherfermentablecarbohydrates?

– Fat?– Fermentablefiber(fNDF)?– Physicallyeffective(peNDF)and/orundigestiblefiber(uNDF)?

ApproximateFiberRankingsfNDF pe-uNDFSoyhulls WheatstrawBeetpulp Cottonseed/cottonseedhullsOkara/tofu PeanuthullsCitruspulp AlmondhullsCornglutenfeed BrewersgrainDistillersgrain WheatmiddsCorngermmealCanolamealWheatmiddsBrewersgrainCottonseedmealCottonseed/cottonseedhullsPeanuthulls

MoretoLess

Storage,handling,andfeedingissues

• Shrink• Aerobicstabilityofwetingredients• Bewareingredientvariability• Regionaland/orseasonaldifferencesinavailability

• Possiblequalityconcerns– Mold– Mycotoxins– Nutrientdigestibility

CostConsiderations

• Makesureyouareaccuratelyevaluatingcosts- cost/lb orcost/lb ofdrymatter?- don’tignoreshrink- istheingredientsupplyingthenutrient(s)

youneed?

Questions???

HerdScenario:Limitedforageinventoryandtightcashflow

• Tighthaylage ($60/ton)inventory;cornsilage($40/ton)projectedtorunoutaroundJuly1

• Haylage shouldlastuntilaboutMay1;butwillhavesometriticale($50/ton)availableshortlybeforethen

• 120cows;90lb milk;3.8%F,3.1%P• Purchasedingredientscurrentlyincludecorn,soybeanmeal,aminoplus,soyhulls,cottonseed,andasuperconcentratewithminerals,vitamins,bypassproteinandfat

HerdScenario:Limitedforageinventoryandtightcashflow

• Whatingredient(s)areavailabletoaddresstheforageshortage??– 350tonsBMRcornsilageat$60/ton– Corncannerywasteat$10/ton(availableJuly1)–Wastedonuts(freeifpickedup)– Citruspulp($275/ton)andwheatmidds($150/ton)

–Wetbrewersgrain($30/ton)

CurrentRationScenario

CurrentCornSilageAnalysis

BMRCornSilageAnalysis

CornCanneryWasteAnalysis

DonutAnalysis

WetBrewersGrainAnalysis

AlternativeRationwBMRCSilg

WhatiftheherdshowedthetypicalBMRresponse(5lb milk)??

WhatiftheBMRcost($45/ton)andtheherdshowedthetypicalBMRresponse(5lb milk)??

Considerations….• Whatdoyouthinkaboutthenewrationcost?• Howlongwill350tonsofcornsilagelast?– About3- 3¼months*,assumingsomewillalsobefedtodrycows

• Arethereanyconcernswithmovingit?• Isthereabetteralternativeration??• Canitbedoneusingjusthaylage andtriticale??• Anypotentialconcernsaboutfeedingwetbrewtoa120cowherdinhotweather?

* Ifdrymatterintakedoesn’tincrease

AlternativeRationwTriticale

AlternativeRationwCornCanneryWaste&Donuts

Canyoumakeitworkwithwetbrew???

Inreview

• Trytoselectingredientsthatsupplythenutrientstheration(thecows)require(s)

• Ingredientcostisimportant• Incomeoverfeedcostismoreimportant– Youhavetowaitforthecows’inputtogeneratethisvalueaccurately

• Don’tforgettothinkaboutlogisticalissuesandpotentialconcernswithsomeingredients,aswellaslonger-termplanningtoaddresstheforageinventoryissue