feeder cattle market grades joshua b. elmore, pas advisor iii, natural resource programs auburn...
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Feeder Cattle Market Grades
Joshua B. Elmore, PASAdvisor III, Natural Resource Programs
Auburn University Animal Sciences Department
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Feeder Cattle Standards are :
• Common trade language between buyers and sellers.
• A tool for penning cattle at officially graded sales.
• Used to certify feeder cattle grades for futures contracts.
• Basis for federal-state livestock market news reporting.
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U.S Standards for Grades of Feeder Cattle
• Grow rapidly and efficiently
• Produce a carcass with acceptable quality and high cutability.
• Adequate frame • Body capacity
• High lean to fat ratio up to market weight
• Muscle without excess fat
• Thrifty• Healthy• Acceptable structural
correctness
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Growth and Development of Bone, Muscle and Fat
Choice
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• The standards describe the various types of feeder cattle being produced and are used as a basis for market reporting and as a common trade language between buyers and sellers.
• Updated October of 2000 to reflect changes in the genetic composition, production, marketing and management of beef cattle.
U.S Standards for Grades of Feeder Cattle
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U.S Standards for Grades of Feeder Cattle
• Feeder Cattle are evaluated by a combination of :– Frame Size– Muscling
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Frame SizesLarge
Medium
Small
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U.S Standards for grades of Feeder Cattle
• Under ordinary development and feeding conditions, different framed animals reach slaughter potential at different weights.
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Frame Size- Large
• Tall and long bodied• ½ inch fat:• Steers finish > 1250 lbs• Heifers finish > 1150 lbs
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Frame Size- Medium
• Slightly tall• Slightly long bodied• ½ inch fat:• Steers finish 1100 to 1250 lbs• Heifers finish 1000 to 1150 lbs
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Frame Size- Small
• Not as tall as Medium• Short bodied• ½ inch fat:• Steers finish < 1100 lbs• Heifers finish < 1000 lbs
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USDA/MRP/AMS
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USDA/MRP/AMS
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USDA/MRP/AMS
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Evaluating Frame Size
Flank to Flank
Hi
p
Height Chest to
Ground
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Frame Size – Relative to maturity
• Length of tail
• Coarseness of hair in switch
• Width of muzzle
• Coarseness of hair on poll
• Size of feet, ears, base of horns, etc.
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BIF Frame Score Measurement
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BIF Frame Score Chart
Age(months)
BIF Frame Score (inches)
4 5 6
Bulls Heifers Bulls Heifers Bulls Heifers
6 40.8 40.3 42.9 42.3 44.9 44.4
205 Days 42.1 41.2 44.1 43.3 46.1 45.3
8 43.2 42.1 45.2 44.1 47.2 46.2
10 45.3 43.7 47.3 45.7 49.3 47.7
365 Days 47.0 45.0 49.0 47.0 51.0 49.0
14 48.5 46.1 50.4 48.0 52.4 50.0
16 49.6 49.6 51.6 49.9 53.6 50.8
18 50.5 47.5 52.4 49.5 54.4 51.4Source: Beef Improvement Federation’s Guidelines for Uniform Beef Improvement Programs, 8th Edition.
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The Relationship of USDA Size and BIF Frame Scores
USDA Frame Size BIF Frame Score
Large Equal to or > 6
Medium 4 and 5
Small Equal to or < 3
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USDA/MRP/AMS
USDA Feeder Cattle Grades
Muscle Thickness Scores
No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4
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Anatomy
Stifle
Forearm
Loin Back
Stifle
Gaskin
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Evaluation of Muscling
• The basic shape of the hindquarter as viewed from behind.
No. 1 Muscling No. 3 Muscling
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USDA/MRP/AMS
USDA Feeder Cattle Grades
Muscle Thickness Scores
No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4
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#1 Muscling
• Moderately thick throughout, showing a rounded appearance through the back and loin with moderate width between the legs.
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#1 Muscling
• Moderately thick throughout, showing a rounded appearance through the back and loin with moderate width between the legs.
1++ 1--
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• Slightly thick throughout; showing a rounded appearance through the back and loin with slight width between the legs.
#2 Muscling
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• Slightly thick throughout; showing a rounded appearance through the back and loin with slight width between the legs.
#2 Muscling
2++ 2--
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• Thin through the forequarter an the middle part of the rounds; back and loin have a sunken appearance; legs are set close together.
#3 Muscling
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• Thin through the forequarter an the middle part of the rounds; back and loin have a sunken appearance; legs are set close together.
#3 Muscling
3++ 3--
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• Less thickness than the minimum requirements for # 3.
#4 Muscling
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Muscle Grades
# 1 # 2 # 3 # 4
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Inferior Grade
Mismanaged – Disease/ Parasites Double muscled animals
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Possible Feeder Cattle Grades Large Frame #1,#2,#3 or #4
Medium Frame #1,#2,#3 or #4
Small Frame #1,#2,#3 or #4
Inferior – This grade will include sick unthrifty cattle and double muscled cattle due to their inability to Quality grade.
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• Weight– Accuracy and
completeness for selection
• Frame Size– Finish early and at a
lighter weight– Earlier maturity at
desired fat thickness•Muscle Thickness at a given fatness is highly correlated with muscle to bone ratio.
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Target Weights to Reach USDA Choice
USDA Frame Score Steers HeifersLarge 1,250 lbs. 1,150 lbs.Medium 1,100 to 1,250 lbs. 1,000 to 1,150 lbs.Small <1,100 lbs. <1,000 lbs.
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USDA/MRP/AMS
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USDA/MRP/AMS