feed training carnivorous fishes...largemouth bass • stocked in nursery ponds • harvesting fish...
TRANSCRIPT
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Feed Training Carnivorous Fishes
Anita M. Kelly, PhDUniversity of Arkansas at Pine Bluff
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Training or Habituation?
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Reasons for Feed Training/Habituation
• Sell fish to grow-out facility• Sell to pond stocking companies• Sustainability
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Characteristics of carnivorous fish
• Prefer feed that moves• Habitat variables
– Must consider water quality variables– Lighting?– Floating, sinking or slow sinking diet?
• “Once they get hungry they will eat” Not necessarily true!
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Techniques- fingerlings
• Fry stocked into ponds until they reach a certain length
• Removed from ponds and stocked at high densities in tanks
• Graded to a uniform size• Provided food continuously • 2-4 week period
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Largemouth Bass
Photo: KSU Aquaculture Photo: Anita M. Kelly
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Largemouth Bass
• Stocked in nursery ponds• Harvesting fish when 1.5”• 2-4 weeks after stocking• Tanks 200-400 gallons• 75-86 0F• 10-40 fingerlings/gallon
or 0.04-0.06 lbs/gallon• Grade to uniform size
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Automatic Feeders
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Largemouth Bass
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Largemouth Bass
• Bigger fish=fewer feed trained
1 90% 10%
2-3 75% 25%
3-5 50% 50%
6-8 25% 75%
9 100%
Krill OtohimeC-1
1.0 mm
Days post stocking
Habituation diet Grower diet
1.2-1.5”
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5%
FEE
D TR
AIN
EDTREATMENT
% Feed Trained Largemouth Bass at Different Sizes
(inches)
1.2-1.5 1.6-1.9 2.0-2.3
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Largemouth bass
• Feeding Frequency every 5 to 10 minutes when handfeeding
• Continuously with belt feeder
• Using krill- feed 5 times a day
• Oxygen above 5 ppm• Flush rates or turnover
rates of water 1-4 x per hour
• Move to grow out pondsS.T. Summerfelt, B.J. Vinci, and R.H. Piedrahita. 2000. Aquaculture Engineering 22:87-108
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Largemouth bass
• 40-50% continue to accept pelleted feed• 90% if confine to small area of pond or use 0.5
acre ponds for 7-10 days
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How can you tell when the fish are feed trained?
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
% M
orta
lity
Day
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Feed Training in a Pond?
• Move to newly filled pond• Confine to limited area• Provide feed constantly via feeder• Keep in confined area 14-21 days• 85-90%
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Conclusion
• Know the size of fish to begin training• Grade to uniform size• Provide krill or krill based first diet• Mimic environmental conditions• Watch for diseases and cannibals• Keep tanks clean
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Questions?