federalism ppt

MADATSST &

MUKUND INGLE

PRESENT

FEDERALISM

Mr. Mukund B. Ingle

What is Federal System?

Federalism is system of government in which power shared between central government and other units of administration.

Federalism usually has two level of administration, but some of the countries have more than two levels.

Each level manages and makes the laws for own territory.

Each level of government enjoys their power independent to the other.

What is Unitary System?

In this form of administration, there is only one level of government. If there are more sub-units, they are subordinates to central.

Here, central government passes on the orders to other levels of government.

Other levels of government are subordinate to Central government.

FEATURES OF FEDERALISM

Two or more levels Each level has its own Jurisdiction Each level’s Jurisdiction is specified. Fundamentals of constitution can’t be changed by

central level itself. Courts work as umpire in the disputes of different levels. Revenue sources for each level are specified. Federalism has two objectives 1. Safeguard and promote

national unity. 2. Accommodation of regional diversity

TYPES OF FEDERALISM

Coming Together – Independent states come together and

form bigger unit It helps to maintain security and

sovereignty. Each state is equally strong Ex. USA, Switzerland and Australia

TYPES OF FEDERALISM

Holding Together – Country is divided into states for better

administration It helps for accommodation of diversity Some states might be given more power.

The ultimate power lies in the hand of central

Ex. India, Spain and Belgium

WHAT MAKES INDIA A FEDERAL COUNTRY?

Division of Powers Some States are given more powers Written Constitution Union Territories Jurisdiction Levels of Government

Division of Powers▪ Union List – Subjects on which only central government

makes the laws i.e. Defense, Foreign Affairs, Currency, Communication

▪ State List – Subjects on which only State Government can make laws i.e. Police, Trade, Agriculture, Irrigation, Commerce

▪ Concurrent List – Subjects on which both level can make laws but at the end the law made by central continues i.e. Education, Marriage, Trade Unions, Adoption, Succession

▪ Residuary Subjects – Subjects which newly added in the list after the constitution was written and Central Government only has right to make laws on them.

HOW FEDERALISM IS PRACTISED?

Linguistic States – The first challenge faced after independence was

Linguistic States. New states were formed on the basis of language and

culture. Some states were formed on the basis of ethnicity and

geography such as Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand.

Some were concerned that it might lead to disintegration of the nation. But that worked well and effectively.


Language Policy – It was second and major as India does not have any

official language. As more than 40% people speak Hindi, more safeguards

are provided to it. But there are other 21 scheduled languages. State can

enjoy its own language for official purpose. We have adopted three languages structure and any two

languages can be used for administrative purpose. Flexibility in languages helped India to avoid the situation

like Sri Lanka.


Central and State Relation - It helped a lot to avoid clashes between central and states. When same political party ruling in central and state, state

couldn’t enjoy more power as central government could influence the decisions of states.

But after 1990, many regional parties came up and acquired the power in states. Thus more independent decisions were taken by states and federal system was practiced.

Today, these regional political parties are even affecting the decision making in central also.

So, we can say that today’s power sharing is more effective than it was practiced in the early days when constitution was written.

DECETRALISATION IN INDIA

When power is taken away from central and given to other levels of government is called decentralization. It plays very important role in democracy as It helps to reduce the burden of central government. It helps to increase the participation of people in

democratic process. It helps to solve local problems effectively Local Self government is called schools of Democracy.

DECETRALISATION IN INDIA

How Local Self Government has been given more powers? The act was passed in 1992 to empower the

third level.▪ Regular Election▪ Reservation to SC, ST groups.▪ 1/3 Reservation given to women.▪ States were to aid financially to LSG▪ Separate State Election Commission was formed.

Structure of Local Self Government

Rural self government – ▪ Zilla Parishad – It is at district level. The political head is

called ZP chairperson. It contains the member elected by Block Samiti and honorary membership is also given to MP and MLA of that district.

▪ Block Samiti/Panchayat Samiti – It is at Block/ Taluka level. The political head is called panchayat samiti chairperson. It contains the members elected by village Panchayat.

▪ Village panchayat – It is at every village or consisting the group of two or three village together. It contains the member elected by villagers. The political head of the village is called Sarpanch. The most important committee in village is ‘Gram Sabha’.

Structure of Local Self Government

Urban Self government – ▪ Municipality – It is at town level. It contains

the members elected by the citizens of the town. Political head of the municipality is Municipality Chairperson.

▪ Municipal Corporation – It is at city level. It contains the member elected by the citizens of the city. The political head of the Municipal Corporation is Mayor.

Deficiencies of Local Self Government

Financial Needs Irregular meetings Women inactive participation

THANK YOU