feasibility of producing bioethanol from the waste of beer fermentation broth

1
as the pressure media. Moreover, the production of HC with could be further improved by the addition of H 2 O 2 (60 mmol/L) and the relative yield of HC in moderate pressure was enhanced by over 4.5k in comparison with the control. This study offered a new approach for improving the industrial production of HC. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (grant 20776112), the National Basic Research Program of China (973) (grant 2007CB714305) and the National High-Tech Research and Development Plan of China (2006AA10Z347), which are all acknowledged. Reference 1. Porter, R.B.R., Gallimore, W.A., and Reese, P.B.: Steroid Transformations with Exo- phiala jeanselmei var. lecaniicorni and Ceratocystis paradoxa. Steroids, 64, 770-779 (1999). doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.134 BR-P9 Effect of enzymatic treatment for sedimentation and concentrate of solid particles in rice washing drainage and its electrostatic properties Masanori Watanabe Hiroshima Kokusai Gakuin University, Hiroshima, Japan The effect of enzyme addition on the sedimentation activity of solid particles (mainly starch and bran) in waste water obtained from a rinse-free rice manufacturing plant was investigated with a focus on how it relates to possible reductions in water treatment costs as well as possible use of the ingredients in such water. The sedimentation was highly dependent on enzyme concentration, temperature, and duration: the highest sediment ability (SV 60 : 43(k) and SVI: 7.2(mld g 1 )) was obtained by adding of protease M at 30 -C over a 24-h duration. Surface electron charge analysis showed that the surface electron charges (mV) of solid particles in waste- water had values (r = 0.848) highly correlated with SV 60 . The addition of protease M also elicited phosphate and cationic ion discharges from the solid particles to the supernatant. These processes were observed within the same pH range as the existing dissociate form of phosphate in order to determine the dissociation of phosphate ions in relation to the flocculation and sedimentation of purified rice starch. In addition, as the results of FT-IR analysis of the solid surface of purified rice starch demonstrate, using the same pH enables observation of the transmittance decrease in the P-O group and the flocculation and sedimentation ability of purified rice starch particles. This suggests that the occurrence of sedimentation and the concentration of solid particles in waste water due to the addition of enzymes is a direct result of the strong negative electron charges derived from the pH-dependent dissociate form of phosphate joined with the starch particles on the surface and due to the form of the negative electron charges derived from the dissociate form of phosphate on the surface of the starch particles, respectively. Moreover, the electrostatic interaction between the starch particles created bridges between them, leading to the formation of macromolecules. doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.135 BR-P11 Feasibility of producing bioethanol from the waste of beer fermentation broth Jung Hwan Ha, and Joong Kon Park Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol is expensive because cellulosic biomass is assembled with cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and requires harsh pretreatment. Moreover, lignin cannot be converted to ethanol because it is not a carbohydrate but a rigid aromatic polymer. Ethanol is primarily produced from starch. Bio-ethanol production industries use corn crops reducing the pre-treatment cost in the United States. Some waste sources such as paper residue and wood chips were used as an alternative biomass stock in order to reduce the production cost and take the sustainable feed supply. We tested the feasibility of producing bio-ethanol using the supernatant of the waste from beer fermentation broth as a feed stock. The waste of beer fermentation broth contains a large amount of protein, carbon and nitrogen sources, alpha amylase and protease although it is an industrial waste that requires an expensive disposal process. Fermentation was carried out without any additional carbon and nitrogen source in static, shaking and agitated culture modes. The concentration of the produced bio-ethanol reached more than 10k. References 1. Lark, N., Xia, Y., Qin, C. G., Gong, C. S., and Tsao, G. T.: Production of ethanol from recycled paper sludge using cellulase and yeast, Kluveromyces marxianus, Biomass Bioenergy, 12, 135-143 (1997). 2. Dien, B. S., Cotta, M. A., and Jeffries, T. W.: Bacteria engineered for fuel ethanol production: current status, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 63, 258-266 (2003). doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.136 BR-P12 Efficient D-lactic acid production from raw starch Satoru Shinkawa, 1 Kenji Okano, 2 Tsutomu Tanaka, 3 Chiaki Ogino, 1 and Akihiko Kondo 1 Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan 1 Department of Molecular Science and Material Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan 2 and Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan 3 Poly lactic acid (PLA) is an important agro-based plastic that can be produced from inexpensive, renewable, and abundantly available biomass resources, including starchy materials. These resources have advantages over limited oil- and fossil-based sources, as they do not result in any net carbon dioxide release to the atmosphere. Recently, stereocomplex PLA, which is composed of both poly L- and D-lactic acid, has been attracting much attention due to its high thermo-stability. Stereocomplex-type polymers show a melting point (ca. 230 -C) that is approximately 50 -C higher when compared with the respective single polymers. Therefore, D-lactic acid production, in addition to L-lactic acid, which has been the focus of production to date, is of significant importance. S47 Abstracts / Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 108 (2009) S41S56

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Page 1: Feasibility of producing bioethanol from the waste of beer fermentation broth

S47Abstracts / Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 108 (2009) S41–S56

as the pressure media. Moreover, the production of HC with could befurther improved by the addition of H2O2 (60 mmol/L) and therelative yield of HC in moderate pressure was enhanced by over 4.5kin comparisonwith the control. This study offered a new approach forimproving the industrial production of HC.

Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation (grant 20776112), the National BasicResearch Program of China (973) (grant 2007CB714305) and theNational High-Tech Research and Development Plan of China(2006AA10Z347), which are all acknowledged.

Reference

1. Porter, R.B.R., Gallimore, W.A., and Reese, P.B.: Steroid Transformations with Exo-phiala jeanselmei var. lecaniicorni and Ceratocystis paradoxa. Steroids, 64, 770-779(1999).

doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.134

BR-P9

Effect of enzymatic treatment for sedimentation andconcentrate of solid particles in rice washing drainage andits electrostatic properties

Masanori Watanabe

Hiroshima Kokusai Gakuin University, Hiroshima, Japan

The effect of enzyme addition on the sedimentation activity ofsolid particles (mainly starch and bran) in waste water obtainedfrom a rinse-free rice manufacturing plant was investigated with afocus on how it relates to possible reductions in water treatmentcosts as well as possible use of the ingredients in such water. Thesedimentation was highly dependent on enzyme concentration,temperature, and duration: the highest sediment ability (SV60: 43(k)and SVI: 7.2(mld g�1)) was obtained by adding of protease M at30 -C over a 24-h duration. Surface electron charge analysis showedthat the surface electron charges (mV) of solid particles in waste-water had values (r=0.848) highly correlated with SV60. Theaddition of protease M also elicited phosphate and cationic iondischarges from the solid particles to the supernatant. Theseprocesses were observed within the same pH range as the existingdissociate form of phosphate in order to determine the dissociationof phosphate ions in relation to the flocculation and sedimentationof purified rice starch. In addition, as the results of FT-IR analysis ofthe solid surface of purified rice starch demonstrate, using the samepH enables observation of the transmittance decrease in the P-Ogroup and the flocculation and sedimentation ability of purified ricestarch particles. This suggests that the occurrence of sedimentationand the concentration of solid particles in waste water due to theaddition of enzymes is a direct result of the strong negativeelectron charges derived from the pH-dependent dissociate form ofphosphate joined with the starch particles on the surface and dueto the form of the negative electron charges derived from thedissociate form of phosphate on the surface of the starch particles,respectively. Moreover, the electrostatic interaction between thestarch particles created bridges between them, leading to theformation of macromolecules.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.135

BR-P11

Feasibility of producing bioethanol from the waste of beerfermentation broth

Jung Hwan Ha, and Joong Kon Park

Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

Conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol is expensive becausecellulosic biomass is assembled with cellulose, hemicellulose andlignin and requires harsh pretreatment. Moreover, lignin cannot beconverted to ethanol because it is not a carbohydrate but a rigidaromatic polymer.

Ethanol is primarily produced from starch. Bio-ethanol productionindustries use corn crops reducing the pre-treatment cost in theUnited States. Some waste sources such as paper residue and woodchips were used as an alternative biomass stock in order to reduce theproduction cost and take the sustainable feed supply.

We tested the feasibility of producing bio-ethanol using thesupernatant of the waste from beer fermentation broth as a feedstock. Thewaste of beer fermentation broth contains a large amount ofprotein, carbon and nitrogen sources, alpha amylase and proteasealthough it is an industrial waste that requires an expensive disposalprocess. Fermentation was carried out without any additional carbonand nitrogen source in static, shaking and agitated culture modes. Theconcentration of the produced bio-ethanol reached more than 10k.

References

1. Lark, N., Xia, Y., Qin, C. G., Gong, C. S., and Tsao, G. T.: Production of ethanol fromrecycled paper sludge using cellulase and yeast, Kluveromyces marxianus, BiomassBioenergy, 12, 135-143 (1997).

2. Dien, B. S., Cotta, M. A., and Jeffries, T. W.: Bacteria engineered for fuel ethanolproduction: current status, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 63, 258-266 (2003).

doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.136

BR-P12

Efficient D-lactic acid production from raw starch

Satoru Shinkawa,1 Kenji Okano,2 Tsutomu Tanaka,3

Chiaki Ogino,1 and Akihiko Kondo1

Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School ofEngineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan1 Department of MolecularScience and Material Engineering, Graduate School of Science andTechnology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan2 and Organization of AdvancedScience and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan3

Poly lactic acid (PLA) is an important agro-based plastic that can beproduced from inexpensive, renewable, and abundantly availablebiomass resources, including starchy materials. These resources haveadvantages over limited oil- and fossil-based sources, as they do notresult in any net carbon dioxide release to the atmosphere. Recently,stereocomplex PLA, which is composed of both poly L- and D-lacticacid, has been attractingmuch attention due to its high thermo-stability.Stereocomplex-type polymers show a melting point (ca. 230 -C) that isapproximately 50 -C higher when compared with the respective singlepolymers. Therefore, D-lactic acid production, in addition to L-lacticacid, which has been the focus of production to date, is of significantimportance.