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;femf ynf ] <

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ljZn]if0f k|ltj]bg cf]h:jL zfx, gLnd zdf{, /d]z >]i7, 8f= l/r8{ afpb, ;'ljGb| af]u6L, 6d 8f]GnL / /f]hL s]esf] ;xof]udf ;f/f 8fln|Dknn] n]Vg'ePsf] xf] . o;sf] ;Dkfbg Olngf]/ uf]8{g tyf cf]lne/ xfp:8gn] ug'{ePsf] xf] . d"n–;Dkfbg -skL Ol86]8_ Pelng jfGsf]nL, ldof dfhf}{s / h]g a|fl8ª tyf l8hfOg h]g l:6e]G;gn] ug'{ePsf] xf] . of] k|ltj]bgsf] c+u|]hLaf6g]kfnLdf cg'jfb xl/x/ clwsf/L …ZofdnÚ / uf}/j e§/fO{n] ug'{ePsf] xf] .

of] kl/of]hgf g]kfnl:yt zfxL gj]{lhog b"tfjf;sf] dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]udf ;Dej ePsf] xf] .

;]km/jN8{ jt{dfg tyf k"j{ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs' tyf sdf08/x¿, k|x/L, ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿, /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿, ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿, bft[ ;+:yfx¿, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox¿ -vf; u/L ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] cGt/–lgsfo k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd -o'Pg\cfOcf/kL_ / ldl8of nufot cg';Gwfg ljlwx¿sf] l8hfOg tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{df ;xefuL ePsf ;a}hgfnfO{ wGojfb JoQm ug{ rfxG5 .

k|ltlnlk clwsf/ M © ;]km/jN8{, gf]e]Da/, @)!) . ;a} clwsf/ ;'/lIft 5g\ . o; k|sfzgsf] s'g} klg efu ljgf k"j{ cg'dlt s'g} klg ljB'tLo, oflGqs, k|ltlnlk oGq, l/sl8{ª jf cGo s'g} klg dfWodaf6 k'g?Tkfbg ug{ jf km]l/ lemSg, tfGg ;lsg] u/L e08f/0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g . ;]km/jN8{n] o; k|sfzgdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;b'kof]u tyf k|rf/k|;f/sf nflu eg] :jfut tyf k|f]T;flxt ug]{5 .

ljifo–;"rL

;ª\s]ts ;"rL

ljz]if zAbsf kl/efiff

g]kfnsf] gS;f

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@=!=! dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfdf etL{ x'g'sf sf/0fx¿ %

@=!=@ åGåsfnsf] cg'ej &

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@=@ eljiosf ;Defjgf / k|fyldstfx¿ (

@=@=! k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg;Fu ;DalGwt ;fGble{s vf]hx¿ (

@=@=@ ;dfof]hg;DaGwL k|d'v vf]hx¿ !)

@=@=@=! ;fdfGo vf]hx¿ !)

@=@=@=@ ;+/rgf !$

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@=@=#=! ;fdfGo vf]hx¿ @@

@=@=#=@ cfly{s k'g:yf{kg @%

@=@=#=# ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg @(

@=@=#=$ dgf]–;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg tyf :jfYosf] x]/rfx ##

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#= l;kmfl/zx¿ $) #= l;kmfl/zx¿ $) #=! k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg;Fu ;fGble{s l;kmfl/zx¿ $)

#=@ ;dfof]hg $%

#=@=! ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fsf] k"j{tof/L $%

#=@=@ sfof{Gjogsf] r/0f $&

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cg';"rLx¿ ^*

cg';"lr != n8fs'x¿sf] ljbfO{ tyf k'g:yf{kgaf6 l;lsPsf kf7 ^*

cg';"lr @= ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL ljBdfg sfg'g tyf gLltsf] ljZn]if0f / tL gLltx¿sf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf lglDt l;kmfl/z &%

cg';"lr #= ljlwx¿ *)

cg';"lr $= g]kfn k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf] k|:tfljt ;ª\u7g ()

AMMAA Agreement on Monitoring of the Management of Arms and Armies -xltof/ / n8fs'sf] Joj:yfkg tyf cg'udg ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf_

APF Armed Police Force -;z:q k|x/L an_ CA Constituent Assembly -;+ljwfg ;ef_ CAAFAG Children Affected by Armed Forces and Armed

Groups -;z:q zlQmx¿ / ;z:q ;d"xx¿åf/f k|efljt afnaflnsf_

CBP Community-Based Policing -;d'bfo s]lGb|t gLlt_ CDO Chief District Offi cer -k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L_ CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement

-a[xb\ zflGt ;Demf}tf_ CPN-UML Communist Party of Nepal

(Unifi ed Marxist-Leninist) -g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{, PsLs[t dfS;{jfbL n]lggjfbL_

CVICT Centre for Victims of Torture, Nepal -oftgf–kLl8t s]Gb|, g]kfn_

DDC District Development Committee -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt_

DDR Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration -lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng tyf k'g;dfof]hg_

DRO District Rehabilitation Offi cer -lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[t_

DMO District Monitoring Offi cer -lhNnf cg'udg clws[t_ FNJ Federation of Nepalese Journalists -g]kfn kqsf/

dxf;ª\3_ FGD focus group discussion -nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_ FGL Front Guard Line -k|mG6 uf8{ nfOg_ FNCCI Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce

and Industry -g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;ª\3_GTZ Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit

(German Agency for Technical Co-operation) -hL6Lh]8–hd{g Ph]G;L km/ 6]lSgsn sf]–ck/];g_

ILO International Labour Organization -cGt/f{li6«o >d ;ª\u7g_

INGO International Non-Governmental Organisation -cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf_

KII Key Informant Interview -ls OGkm/DofG6 OG6/Eo'_ MEDEP Micro-Enterprise Development Program -;fgf pBd

ljsf; sfo{qmd_ MJF Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum -dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d_ MJF-D Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum – Democratic -dw];L

hgclwsf/ kmf]/d – k|hftflGqs_ MoD Ministry of Defence -/Iff dGqfno_ MoE Ministry of Education -lzIff dGqfno_ MoH Ministry of Health -:jf:Yo dGqfno_ MoHA Ministry of Home Affairs -u[x dGqfno_ MoLTM Ministry of Labour and Transport Management

->d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfno_ MoPR Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction

-zflGt tyf k'g:yf{kg dGqfno_ MoW&C Ministry of Women and Children -dlxnf tyf

afnaflnsf dGqfno_ NA Nepal Army -g]kfnL ;]gf_NC Nepali Congress -g]kfnL sfª\u|];_ NDC National Defence Council -/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb_NGO Non-Governmental Organisation -u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf_NHRC National Human Rights Commission

-/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u_

NID National Investigation Department -/fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefu_

NP Nepal Police -g]kfn k|x/L_ NSS National Security Strategy -/fli6«o ;'/Iff /0fgLlt_ PLA Maoist People’s Liberation Army

-dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gf_ PSC Psychosocial Counsellor -dgf]–;fdflhs k/fdz{bftf_RPP(N) Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal

-/fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{, g]kfn_ SC Special Committee for supervision, integration

and rehabilitation of Maoist Army combatants-dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf] /]vb]v, ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL ljz]if ;ldlt_

SGBV Sexual and Gender-Based Violence -of}g tyf n}lËs lx+;f_

SLC School Leaving Certifi cate -P;Pn;L_ SME Small Micro-Enterprise -n3' pBd_ SOPs Standard Operating Procedures -6\of088{ ck/]l6ª

k|f];]8\o';{\_ SSP Special Security Plan -ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf_SSR Security Sector Reform -;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/_ TC Technical Committee for Supervision, Integration

and Rehabilitation of Maoist Army Combatants -dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf] /]vb]v, ;dfof]hg / k'g:yfk{g ;DaGwL k|fljlws ;ldlt_

TITI Training Institute for Technical Instruction -k|fljlws lzIff k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg_

ToR Terms of Reference -sfo{If]qut zt{x¿_ TPO Transcultural Psychosocial Organization

-k/f;f+:s[lts dgf]–;fdflhs ;ª\u7g_ UCEP Underprivileged Children’s Educational Programs

-xs ;'ljwfaf6 al~rt afn lzIff sfo{qmd_ UCPN-M Unifi ed Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist -PsLs[t

g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{, dfcf]jfbL_ UNDP United Nations Development Programme

-;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3 ljsf; sfo{qmd_ UN DPKO United Nations Department for Peace Keeping

Operations -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3, zflGt :yfkgf ljefu_UNFPA United Nations Population Fund -;+o'Qm /fi6«

;ª\3,hg;ª\Vof sf]if_ UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3,

afn sf]if_ UNIRP United Nations Inter-agency Rehabilitation

Programme -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3 cGt/lgsfo -;Ghfn_ k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd_

UN IDDRS UN intregrated Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration Standards -;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3, PsLs[t lgz:qLs/0f,ckl/rfng / k'g;{dfof]hg dfkb08_

UNMIN United Nations Mission in Nepal -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3 ld;g, g]kfn_

UNSCR United Nations Security Council Resolution -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3, ;'/Iff kl/ifb l/hf]n';g_

VDC Village Development Committee -ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt_VMLR Verifi ed Minors Late Recruits -kl5 etL{ ePsf gfafns

k|dfl0ft _YCL Young Communist League -of]ª\u sDo'lgi6 lnu_

;+lIfKt zAbfjnL

ljz]if zAbfjnLsf kl/efiff

;]t' tflnd M ;]t' tflnd M o; k|ltj]bgdf ;]t' tflnd -la|lhª 6«]lgª_ eGgfn] s;}nfO{ Ps lglZrt :t/af6 To;eGbf

dflyNnf] :t/df hfg ;Sg] agfpg lbOg] tflnd xf], of] geO{ gx'g] tflnd xf] . h:t}, dflyNnf] txdf hfg]

s|ddf pgLx¿sf cfjZostfx¿ k"/f ug{sf lglDt yk cf}krfl/s lzIff jf tflndsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . o;sf nflu

cf}krfl/s lzIff, zf/Ll/s, ;}lgs jf o'4sf}zn ;DaGwL -6\oflS6sn_ tflnd cfjZos x'g ;S5 .

;d'bflos ;'/Iff M;d'bflos ;'/Iff M o; k|ltj]bgdf ;d'bflos ;'/Iff eGgfn] ;d'bfo :t/sf] ef}lts tyf dfgl;s ;'/Iff eGg]

a'lemG5 h'g ljleGg ;fdflhs,cfly{s, /fhgLlts,jftfj/0fLo, n}lËs / lx+;fsf dfdnfaf6 ag]sf] / lgwf{l/t

ePsf] x'G5 . k'g:yf{kgsf ;Gbe{df o;nfO{ ljleGg ;fdflhs,cfly{s, /fhgLlts tyf :jf:Yosf] x]/rfx /

k'g:yf{kgsf dgf]–;fdflhs kIfx¿n] lgwf{/0f ub{5g\ .

åGå;+j]bgzLntf MåGå;+j]bgzLntf M åGå;+j]bgzLn1 x'g' eg]sf] –

!= :yfgLo åGåsf sf/s / ¿k tyf k|efjnfO{ a'em\g'

@= o:tf åGåsf sf/s, ¿k tyf k|efj jf To; ljk/Ltsf kIfnfO{ ;/sf/, bft[ lgsfo tyf ;+:yfx¿sf

ultljlwn] kfg]{ k|efjsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{, /

#= ul//x]sf] s'g} sfdn] gsf/fTds k|efjnfO{ kG5fpFb} ;sf/fTds k|efjnfO{ a9fjf lbPsf] 5 egL lglZrt

ug'{ xf] .

jt{dfg n8fs' Mjt{dfg n8fs' M k|df0fLs/0faf6 of]Uo jf n8fs' x'g ;Sg] egL 7x¥ofOPsf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿

;'/Iff lgsfosf] nf]stfGqLs/0f M;'/Iff lgsfosf] nf]stfGqLs/0f M o; k|ltj]bgdf ;'/Iff lgsfosf] nf]stfGqLs/0f eGgfn] nf]stfGqLs ljlwaf6

lgjf{lrt ;/sf/k|lt pQ/bfoL /xg] ,cfly{s kf/blz{tf -;Dej eP;Dd_ sfod ug]{, ;'/Iff lgsfo / ltgsf

pRr:t/Lo kbx¿df ljleGg hfthflt, hghflt tyf dlxnf / k'?if ;dfj]z ePsf], sd{rf/L lgo'lQm tyf

a9'jf Pj+ ;}Go sfjf{xLsf a]nfsf] cfrf/ Jojxf/df kf/blz{tf, cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, >d tyf /f]huf/sf

dfkb08 cg'?k sd{rf/LnfO{ ug'{ kg]{ ;Gtf]ifhgs Jojxf/ egL a'em\g'kb{5 .

ljbf ul/Psf n8fs' Mljbf ul/Psf n8fs' M o; k|ltj]bgdf k|of]u ul/Psf] cflwsfl/s zAbfjnL …ljbf ul/PsfÚ -cGoyf …cof]UoÚ

dflgPsf elgPsf_ n] cgldgn] :yflkt u/]sf] dfkb08@ k"/f ug{ g;s]sf / km]a|'c/L @)!) df lzlj/af6 labf

ul/Psf $ xhf/ * hgf k"j{ dfcf]jfbL n8fs'nfO{ hgfpF5 . ljbf ul/Psf eGg] zAbfjnL ljBdfg gLltut

;Gbe{;Fu d]n vfg] u/L k|of]u ul/Psf] xf] . o;sf] k|of]un] Nofpg ;Sg] xf]RofOPsf] efjgf jf gsf/fTds

lsl;dn] ;f]Rg ;lsg] ljifodf eg] ;]km/jN8{sf] ;dy{g k|ltlalDat ub}{g . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo cGt/–lgsfo

-Ph]G;L_ k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd -o'Pg\cf/cfOkL_ n] cof]Uo eGg] zAb;Fu nf~5gf efj ufFl;Psf] x'gfn] ev{/}

o;sf] j}slNks zAbfjnLsf ¿kdf kl5 etL{ ePsf gfafns k|dfl0ft -eLPd\Pn\cf/\P;\_ eGg z'? u/]sf] 5 .

t/ klg ;a} 7fpFdf o;sf] k|of]u ug{ afFsL g} 5 .

cfly{s k'g:yf{kg Mcfly{s k'g:yf{kg M o; k|ltj]bgdf cfly{s k'g:yf{kg eGgfn] /f]huf/L, Jofj;flos tflnd, lzIff tyf cfo

cfh{g ug{sf nflu cfjZos cGo ;a} kIf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] k'g:yf{kg dflgPsf] 5 .

k"j{ n8fs' M k"j{ n8fs' M o; k|ltj]bgdf k"j{ n8fs' eGgfn] gful/s hLjgdf kmls{;s]sf n8fs'x¿nfO{ a'em\g' kb{5 .

cGoyf gv'nfOPsf] xb;Dd o;df ljbf ul/Psf b'a} k|sf/sf -gfafns jf kl5 etL{ ul/Psf, …cof]UoÚ

dflgPsf, dflysf] kl/efiff x]g'{xf];\_ / :j]lR5s tj/n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gf 5f8]/ uPsf -tnsf] kl/efiff klg

x]g'{xf];\_ n8fs'x¿ kb{5g\ .

! åGå ;+j]bgzLntf åGåsf] ljZn]if0f ug{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ pks/0fx¿sf] yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu x]g'{xf];\ M ;]km/jN8{ / c? -@))$_, slGˆnS6–;]lG;l6j ck|f]r]h 6' l8enkd]06, Xo'dflg6fl/og cl;:6fG; P08 lk; lalN8ª, c l/;f];{ Kofs,

@ klxn] etL{ ePsf !* jif{ k'lu;s]sf jf g]kfnL ;]gf / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfaLr @^ d] @))^ df klxnf] o'4lj/fd 3f]if0ff ePkl5 etL{ ePsf .

k"j{ of]Uo n8fs' Mk"j{ of]Uo n8fs' M o; k|ltj]bgdf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs' eGgfn] xfnsf dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿ k'g:yf{kgsf] dfWodaf6

gful/s hLjgdf kms{g ;Sg] jf ;dfof]hgsf] dfWodaf6 ;'/Iff lgsfodf k|j]z ug]{ efjL kl/l:yltsf]

kl/sNkgfsf] cy{df lnOPsf] 5 .

n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf Mn}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf M n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf eGgfn] dlxnf, k'?if, s]6f / s]6Ldf ;a} gLltx¿n] kfg]{ leGg leGg

/ ;du| k|efjnfO{ Wofg lbOg' xf] .

/fhgLlts d]nldnfk M/fhgLlts d]nldnfk M o; k|ltj]bgdf /fhgLlts d]nldnfk eGgfn] /fhgLlts ¿kdf ;~rfngdf

/x]sfx¿sf aLrdf / /fhgLlt tyf hg;fdfGosf aLrdf x'g] d]nldnfksf cy{df lnOPsf] 5 . ;fy} oxfF

;fdflhs d]nldnfknfO{ ;fd'bflos :t/df hf/L /x]sf] sfo{d"ns ;DaGwsf] ljsf;sf ¿kdf lnOPsf] 5 .

;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg M;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg M o; k|ltj]bgdf ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg eGgfn] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] sfo{qmdsf] ¿kdf

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# cfGtl/s b:tfj]h tyf cgldgn] lnPsf] k|dfl0fs/0fsf] tYofª\s -@))& df lnOPsf]_ sf] kl/0ffdaf/] o'PgcfOcf/kLsf sd{rf/Låf/f df}lvs ¿kdf pknAw u/fOPsf] ;"rgfcg';f/ xfnsf] dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf] s"n ;ª\Vof !(,^)@ /x]sf] 5 .

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o; cg';Gwfg kl/of]hgfn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ -dlxnf / k'?if_ sf gful/s hLjgdf k'g:yf{lkt x'g] / /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df ;dfof]hg x'g] eGg] ljifodf ltgsf rf;f] ,k|fyldstf / ltgsf ljleGg cfjZostf klxrfg ug{ vf]h]sf] xf] . o; kl/of]hgfsf] d'Vo nIo eg]sf] of]Uo dflgPsf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hgdf n}lËs– ;+j]bgzLn–gLlt / sfo{qmdsf]–ljsf;–tyf– sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} o; k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;d'bfox¿, :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿ tyf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf]] ;Defljt e"ldsfsf] klxrfg ug'{ klg lyof] . pko'Qm b]lvP;Dd, l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjog ug{ ljz]if u/L sf]–sf] lhDd]jf/ x'g'k5{ eGg] ;'emfjx¿ klg lbOPsf 5g\ .

o; dxTjk"0f{ ;f/;+If]kn] xfnsf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf cfjZostf, rf;f] / k|fyldstfaf/] cg';Gwfgsf vf]hx¿ k|:t't ug'{sf ;fy} /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df ;dfof]hg ul/Fbf jf gful/s hLjgdf k'g:yf{lkt x'Fbf k'?if / dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf km/s–km/s cfjZostfx¿, rf;f] jf ;/f]sf/x¿ / k|fyldstfx¿sf ljifodf ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy}, vf]hL jf klxrfg ul/Psf ljifox¿sf cfwf/df n}lËs Pj+ åGå ;+j]bgzLn gLlt tyf sfo{s|dsf] ljsf; Pj+ k|of]u u/L k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hgnfO{ ;xh t'Nofpg l;kmfl/zx¿ klg k|:t't ul/Psf 5g\ . k"0f{ k|ltj]bgdf ;+Vofdf lbOPsf v08x¿lt/ x]g{ ;ª\s]t ul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] vf]h / ;'emfjx¿ af/] lj:t[t hfgsf/L rflxPdf k"0f{ k|ltj]bg x]g'{xf];\ . ljifoj:t'sf] ;f/;+If]ksf] nuQ} k"0f{ k|ltj]bg cfpg]5 .

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t;y{, o; k|ltj]bgdf k|:t't l;kmfl/zx¿ cg';Gwfgaf6 kQf nfu]sf ljifo / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ljbfO{ sfo{qmdaf6 l;lsPsf kf7x¿ b'a}af6 ljsl;t ePsf x'g\ . s]xL l;kmfl/z k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofnfO{ s;/L n}lËs tyf åGå ;+j]bgzLn agfpg] eGg] ;DaGwdf ;]km/jN8{n] u/]sf cfˆg} ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df klg cl3 ;fl/Psf 5g\ . pko'Qm ePsf 7fpFdf l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjog ug{ lhDd]jf/ x'g'kg]{ ljz]if ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ -h:t} ;/sf/sf dGqfnox¿÷ljefux¿÷;ldltx¿÷cfof]ux¿, :yfgLo clwsf/Lx¿, lghL If]q÷;+:yfx¿, gful/s ;dfh, /fhgLlts bnx¿, cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿_ sf nflu ;'emfjx¿ lbOPsf] 5 . d'Vo k|ltj]bgnfO{ klxrfg ul/Psf ljifo tyf l;kmfl/zx¿sf] cem lj:t[t a'emfOsf lglDt pkof]u ug'{kg]{ 5 .

k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hgsf nflu lj:t[t gLltsf] ljsf; u/ k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hgsf nflu lj:t[t gLltsf] ljsf; u/

gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, ;+ljwfg;efsf ;b:ox¿ tyf ;a} gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, ;+ljwfg;efsf ;b:ox¿ tyf ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿n] k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofx¿nfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ /fhgLlts bnx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿n] k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofx¿nfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ sfg'g tyf lgodx¿ ljBdfg /x] tfklg xfn dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] ;dfof]hg tyf sfg'g tyf lgodx¿ ljBdfg /x] tfklg xfn dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgsf nflu clVtof/ ug'{kg]{ /0fgLltx¿ :ki6 ¿kdf to ug]{ tyf 7\ofSs} o:tf vfnsf k'g:yf{kgsf nflu clVtof/ ug'{kg]{ /0fgLltx¿ :ki6 ¿kdf to ug]{ tyf 7\ofSs} o:tf vfnsf k|fljlws kIf ckgfpg'k5{ egL :ki6 kfg]{ s'g} sfg'g gePsf]df To;tkm{ hf]8 lbPsf lyP k|fljlws kIf ckgfpg'k5{ egL :ki6 kfg]{ s'g} sfg'g gePsf]df To;tkm{ hf]8 lbPsf lyP -cg';"lr ! / v08 #=!_ . o;n] lgDgfg';f/sf] l;kmfl/z ug{ d2t k'¥ofPsf] 5 M-cg';"lr ! / v08 #=!_ . o;n] lgDgfg';f/sf] l;kmfl/z ug{ d2t k'¥ofPsf] 5 M

� dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] ;'k/Lj]If0f, ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL k|fljlws ;ldlt -k|f;_ n] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿, dfcf]jfbL ;]gf, ;d'bfox¿, lghL If]q, gful/s ;dfh, / ;/sf/ nufotsf vf; vf; ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu k/fdz{ u/L] ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf nflu clVtof/ ug'{kg]{ /0fgLltx¿ :ki6 ¿kdf to ug]{ Ps lj:t[t gLlt tyf s;/L o:tf vfnsf k|fljlws k|ls|of ckgfpg'k5{ egL :ki6 ls6fg ug]{ Ps lj:t[t gLlt agfpg'k5{ - v08 #=!_ . ljz]if u/L o:tf] gLltsf] ljsf;n] k|lqmofdf /fhgLlts ;'/If0f -…afO—Og\Ú_ nfO{ a9fpg vf]h]sf] x'g'k5{ .

…;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fÚ sf] tof/L …;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fÚ sf] tof/L

ljbfO{ ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgf Kofs]hsf] k|efjsfl/tfdfly b]lvPsf] Pp6f Ps vf; ljbfO{ ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgf Kofs]hsf] k|efjsfl/tfdfly b]lvPsf] Pp6f Ps vf; r'gf}lt eg]sf] …kmls{g'cl3sf] r/0fÚ gx'g' xf] . To; r/0fn] ;d'bfo, ljbfO{ ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ / r'gf}lt eg]sf] …kmls{g'cl3sf] r/0fÚ gx'g' xf] . To; r/0fn] ;d'bfo, ljbfO{ ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ :yfgLo :t/df k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf kl/0ffdsf ¿kdf cfpg ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ :yfgLo :t/df k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf kl/0ffdsf ¿kdf cfpg ;Sg] r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/ /xg tyf lqmofzLntfk"j{s ;+j]bgzLn eP/ To;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ;Sg] r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/ /xg tyf lqmofzLntfk"j{s ;+j]bgzLn eP/ To;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] lyof] -cg';"lr !_ . ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] lyof] -cg';"lr !_ .

vf]hx¿, vf]hx¿, l;lsPsf kf7x¿ /

l;kmfl/zx¿

!= k|efjsf/L vf]h jf klxrfgx¿,

l;lsPsf kf7x¿ / l;kmfl/zx¿M ;dfof]hg tyf

k'g:yf{kg

IV ;femf ynf] <

!& …/fhgLlts d]nldnfkÚ eGg] zAbfjnLsf] k|of]usf] JofVof dflysf] kl/efiff v08df x]g'{xf];\ . !* …k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'Ú eGg] zAbfjnLsf] k|of]usf] JofVof dflysf] kl/efiff v08df x]g'{xf];\ .

� k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg rfF8} ;DkGg x'g ;Sg] eP klg k|lqmofx¿ -k|lqmofsf] åGå / n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf, tn x]g'{xf];\_ sf] k|efjsfl/tfaf/] To;n] cfZj:t t'Nofpg ;Qm}g . To;}n] sfof{Gjogsf k|f/lDes r/0fx¿nfO{ ;ª\qmd0fsf] tof/L tyf of]hgf th'{df ug]{ r/0f nufotsf] nfdf] k|lqmofsf] k|f/Desf ¿kdf lnOg'kb{5 t/ t6:y k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg cfof]un] x]g]{ u/L sfof{Gjogsf] Ps oyfy{jfbL ;do;Ldfsf ¿kdf klg lng'kb{5 .

� ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmof sDtLdf 5 dxLgfsf] tof/L …;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df ug]{ r/0fÚ sf] x'g'kb{5 h;df ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;+nUg x'g] ;a} k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf nflu cled'vLs/0f, ;+j]bLs/0f, r]tgf clej[l4s/0f, ;+jfb–;~rf/ / k/fdz{ ultljlw ug'{kb{5 . o:tf k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿df xfnsf n8fs'x¿, nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf ;d'bfo -v08 #=#=!_, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, gful/s ;dfhsf ;fy} ;DalGwt If]qsf ljz]if1, ;/sf/, :jf:Yo tyf lzIff If]qdf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/L tyf lghL If]q kb{5g\ . o; cGtl/d r/0fdf ;dfof]hg ul/g] jf k'g:yf{lkt ul/g] n8fs'x¿nfO{ …cGtl/d s]Gb|x¿Ú -v08 #=!_ df /flvg'kb{5 .

…;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df ug]{ r/0fÚ sf] cjlwdf n8fs'x¿nfO{ kms{g'cl3 ;+j]bLs/0f tyf cfjZostfsf] klxrfg -tnsf] v08 #=#=*=@ df x]g'{xf];\_, ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f lng] -tnsf] v08 #=#=*=! / #=#=*=@ df x]g'{xf];\_, sfo{qmdsf j}slNks sfo{qmdx¿sf af/] cled'vLs/0f -tnsf] v08 #=#=*=! df x]g'{xf];\_ / ;dfof]hgsf k|fljlws kIfx¿ -tn v08 #=@=! x]g'{xf];\_ kb{5g\ .

k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmof …åGå;+j]bgzLnÚ tyf …n}lËs ;+j]bgzLnÚ 5g\ egL ;'lglZrt ug]{ k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmof …åGå;+j]bgzLnÚ tyf …n}lËs ;+j]bgzLnÚ 5g\ egL ;'lglZrt ug]{

;d'bfo, xfnsf tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] ;d'bfo, xfnsf tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf cfkm'x¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L lsl;dn] ;+nUg u/fPsf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf cfkm'x¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L lsl;dn] ;+nUg u/fPsf eP cem a9L k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;fdflhs /fhgLlts d]nldnfkdf ;xof]u k'Ug] lyof] eGb} To;/L eP cem a9L k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;fdflhs /fhgLlts d]nldnfkdf ;xof]u k'Ug] lyof] eGb} To;/L ;+nUg gu/fPsf]df k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] cfnf]rgf u/];+nUg gu/fPsf]df k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] cfnf]rgf u/]!& o;y{ xfnsf n8fs'x¿ -cg';"lr ! / o;y{ xfnsf n8fs'x¿ -cg';"lr ! / v08 @=@=#=!_ sf] k'g:yf{kgsf] nflu ;d'bfodf ;+rflnt ljlw canDag ug{df hf]8 lbPsf v08 @=@=#=!_ sf] k'g:yf{kgsf] nflu ;d'bfodf ;+rflnt ljlw canDag ug{df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . s]xL ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n], vf;u/L åGåk|efljt If]qsf k'?ifx¿n], åGån] ;d'bfodf lyP . s]xL ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n], vf;u/L åGåk|efljt If]qsf k'?ifx¿n], åGån] ;d'bfodf cftª\s nfb]sf] x'gfn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ k};f, Jofj;flos tflnd, /f]huf/sf] cftª\s nfb]sf] x'gfn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ k};f, Jofj;flos tflnd, /f]huf/sf] cj;/df kx'Fr lbg' jf :jf:Yo ;]jf jf cGo k|sf/sf ;]jf lbg' pko'Qm gx'g] cg'ej JoQm u/]sf cj;/df kx'Fr lbg' jf :jf:Yo ;]jf jf cGo k|sf/sf ;]jf lbg' pko'Qm gx'g] cg'ej JoQm u/]sf lyP . kl/0ffd:j?k ;d'bfo:t/df pl7/x]sf] tgfjsf] vt/fnfO{ sd ug{ gful/s ;dfhsf lyP . kl/0ffd:j?k ;d'bfo:t/df pl7/x]sf] tgfjsf] vt/fnfO{ sd ug{ gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿, u}/dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] k'g:yf{kg k|ltlglwx¿, u}/dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hn] Jofks ;d'bfonfO{ / vf; u/L cfkm\gf cfjZostf k"/f gePsf v08df ;'/Iffsf lglDt Kofs]hn] Jofks ;d'bfonfO{ / vf; u/L cfkm\gf cfjZostf k"/f gePsf v08df ;'/Iffsf lglDt plQs} vt/fsf ?kdf /x]sf a]/f]huf/ o'jfx¿nfO{, nfe k'¥ofpg ;Sg] u/L nfu' ug'{kg]{df hf]8 plQs} vt/fsf ?kdf /x]sf a]/f]huf/ o'jfx¿nfO{, nfe k'¥ofpg ;Sg] u/L nfu' ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=!_ . ;'/Iff lgsfosf cGo sd{rf/L, u}/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ / lbPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=!_ . ;'/Iff lgsfosf cGo sd{rf/L, u}/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ / gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] n8fs'x¿nfO{ ltgsf] k|fylds rfxgfsf lj?4 uO{ ;dfof]hg gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] n8fs'x¿nfO{ ltgsf] k|fylds rfxgfsf lj?4 uO{ ;dfof]hg x'g] jf k'g:yf{lkt x'g]] cfˆgf] eljio 5fGg glbPdf ;'/Iff lgsfo tyf ;d'bfodf tgfj a9\g] x'g] jf k'g:yf{lkt x'g]] cfˆgf] eljio 5fGg glbPdf ;'/Iff lgsfo tyf ;d'bfodf tgfj a9\g] vt/f /xg] -x]g'{xf]';\ v08 @=@=!_ atfPsf lyP . vt/f /xg] -x]g'{xf]';\ v08 @=@=!_ atfPsf lyP .

;a} nlIft ;d"xx¿n] k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofdf k'?if tyf dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf leGg ;a} nlIft ;d"xx¿n] k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofdf k'?if tyf dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf leGg leGg cfjZostfx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{ cfjZos /x]sf]df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . xfn}, ljbf ul/Psf leGg cfjZostfx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{ cfjZos /x]sf]df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . xfn}, ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmddf Ps n}lËs kIf ylkPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f ;+sng n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmddf Ps n}lËs kIf ylkPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f ;+sng ug]{ sfd gePaf6 k|lqmofsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf of] sfd ug'{ ;Dej gePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}n] ug]{ sfd gePaf6 k|lqmofsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf of] sfd ug'{ ;Dej gePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}n] z'? ug]{ ;dodf k'?if dlxnfsf km/s cfjZostf klg ;Daf]wg ePsf] 5}g -cg';"lr !_ . z'? ug]{ ;dodf k'?if dlxnfsf km/s cfjZostf klg ;Daf]wg ePsf] 5}g -cg';"lr !_ .

� k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg …åGå;+j]bgzLnÚ 5g\ egL k|Tofe"t ug{,

�� k'g:yf{kgnfO{ …;d'bfo s]lGb|tÚ t'Nofpg'k5{ -ljbf ul/Psf, :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf / k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿em}+ ;d'bfon] klg kmfObf kfpF5g\ eGg] ;'lglZrt ug{!*_, pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf u/]sf v08df ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ tyf 3/ kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ b'a}nfO{ nfe k'U5 h:t} k"jf{wf/ ljsf;n] ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts d]nldnfksf] ;+j4{g ub{5 -v08 #=#=%_ . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu nfu' ul/Psf] k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmddf z}lIfs ljsNkdf ckgfOPsf] pkfo k"j{ n8fs' k9\g] ljBfnosf] ;]jf ;'b[9 ug{] sfo{qmd em}+ :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] Pshgf afnaflnsfnfO{ p:t}} k|sf/sf] ;xof]u ug]{ xf] eg] Tof]] ;d'bfo s]lGb|t ljlwsf] pbfx/0f xf] h;sf] lgdf{0f x'g' kb{5 -cg';"lr !_ . :yfgLo :t/df k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf ;fdflhs, dgf];fdflhs tyf cg'udg h:tf kIfx¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf

;]km/jN8{ V

d'Vo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{sf nflu ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltsf] :yfkgf u/]/ klg ;d'bfosf] :jfldTj k|j4{g ug{'kb{5 -tnsf] ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg v08 / v08 #=#=*=# x]g'{xf];\_ .

�� sfo{qmdn] ;d"x–;d"xaLrsf] ljefhgnfO{ alnof] gkfg]{ jf tgfjnfO{ emg\ pu| gt'Nofpg] lsl;dn] sfo{qmd tof/ ul/Psf] 5 egL ;'lglZrt ug{ :yfgLo :t/df k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf nlIft ef}uf]lns If]q -v08 #=#=!_ sf] :yfgLo kl/l:yltsf] ljZn]if0fnfO{ pkof]u ug'{kb{5 -v08 #=#=%_ .

� � k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg sfo{ n8fs'x¿, nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf ;d'bfo, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, lghL If]q / ;/sf/ -v08 #=@=! tyf #=#=*_ nufotsf d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fusf] k/fdz{sf] kl/0ffddf cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 . cfbz{sf] s'/f] ug]{ xf] eg], xfnsf n8fs'x¿ -dlxnf–k'?if ;dfg_ ;Fusf] k/fdz{nfO{ ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df ug]{ r/0fdf JolQmut÷;fdflhs÷cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ qmddf ufF:g'kb{5 . o;n] n8fs'x¿ sxfFaf6 cfPsf x'g\, ltgsf] pd]/, hftLo ;d"x, hft, ltgsf] hLjgsf cg'ejx¿, :jf:Yo cfjZostf, z}lIfs of]Uotf, ;Lk / Ifdtf / dgf];fdflhs cfjZostf nufotsf s'/fsf] ;"rgf lng ;lsG5 . o;af6 k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] th'{df ug{nfO{ ;"rgf ldN5 / ltgsf ljleGg cfjZostfsf ;fy} dlxnf tyf k'?ifsf km/s km/s cfjZstfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf lglDt ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5 -v08 #=#=*=!_.

�� k/fdz{sf] r/0f ;lsPkl5 vf]hx¿ cyf{t\ klxrfg ul/Psf ljifonfO{ ;'kfRo agfpg / ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf klxrfg e};s]sf cfjZostf tyf ;/f]sf/x¿nfO{ o; r/0fdf k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] of]hgf th'{dfsf] txdf psflnPsf] 5 eGg] k|Tofe"t ug{ d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu k/fdz{ ug{sf nflu kof{Kt ;do 5'6\ofpg'kb{5 -v08x¿ #=*=! tyf #=@=@=!_ .

�� k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hgn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] JolQmut k|fyldstfsf pknAw ljsNkx¿nfO{ ;Dej eP;Dd k|lqmofsf nflu ;xdt ePsf] ;do–;Ldfleq ;Daf]wg ug'{kb{5 -v08 #=!_ .

� k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg …n}lËs b[li6n] ;+j]bgzLnÚ 5g\ egL ;'lglZrt ug{ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf dlxnf tyf k'?if n8fs'x¿sf km/s km/s cfjZostf lgwf{/0f ul/G5 h;n] ubf{ ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fdf ul/Psf] ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f ;+sng cEof;sf cfwf/df k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg x'g'kb{5 -v08 #=#=*=!_ . n}lËs b[li6n] ;+j]bgzLn k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmdsf] th'{dfnfO{ ;';"lrt t'Nofpgsf nflu ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f ;+sng sfo{sf] s] s:tf] dxTj /x]5 eGg] s'/f o:tf] ;"rgf glnOsg} ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu th'{df ul/Psf] k'g:yf{kgdf ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf r'gf}ltx¿df /]vfª\lst ePsf] 5 -cg';"lr !_ .

sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sgsf nflu t6:y ;+oGqx¿sf] cfjZostf sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sgsf nflu t6:y ;+oGqx¿sf] cfjZostf

-;a}_ /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] -;a}_ /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] Joj:yfkgsf] af/]df rf;f] JoQm u/] / o;sf] lhDdf ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] Joj:yfkgsf] af/]df rf;f] JoQm u/] / o;sf] lhDdf u}//fhgLlts e"ldsfsf/df x'g'kg]{ / vf;u/L k|fljlws lj1sf] lhDd]jf/Ldf /xg'kg]{ atfP . u}//fhgLlts e"ldsfsf/df x'g'kg]{ / vf;u/L k|fljlws lj1sf] lhDd]jf/Ldf /xg'kg]{ atfP . ;du|df ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgn] /fhgLlts ljifonfO{ cFufn]sf] af/] ;a}sf] ;dfg a'emfO{ /x] ;du|df ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgn] /fhgLlts ljifonfO{ cFufn]sf] af/] ;a}sf] ;dfg a'emfO{ /x] tfklg /fhgLlts ;xdlt ePkl5 ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] ;dGjo / tfklg /fhgLlts ;xdlt ePkl5 ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] ;dGjo / cg'udg ug{ t6:y ;+oGqx¿sf] :yfkgf x'g'k5{ eGg] egfO{ JoQm ePsf] lyof] -v08 @=@=!_ . cg'udg ug{ t6:y ;+oGqx¿sf] :yfkgf x'g'k5{ eGg] egfO{ JoQm ePsf] lyof] -v08 @=@=!_ .

� ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg sfo{sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ /Iff dGqfno / u[x dGqfnosf] ;xcWoIftf /xg] u/L Ps u}//fhgLlts tyf ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] /fli6«o :t/sf] ;dfof]hg cfof]u jf To:t} k|sf/sf] lgsfo :yfkgf ug]{ . o:tf] ;dfof]hg cfof]udf k|To]s ;'/Iff lgsfo -o;df k"j{ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] k|ltlglwTj ;d]t /xg] u/L_, /fli6«o ;'/Iff lj1x¿ -/ ;fGble{s tyf cfjZos ljifodf yk ;xof]u k'¥ofpg Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu /fli6«o :t/sf ;dsIfLx¿;Fu ldn]/ sfd ug]{ cGt/f{li6«o ;'/Iff lj1x¿_, /Iff dGqfno, u[x dGqfno, :jf:Yo dGqfno, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf dGqfno / zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfnosf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] Ps ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt of Kofgn klg x'g'kb{5 .!( o; ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt of Kofgnsf ;b:ox¿ /fhgLlts ¿kdf t6:y x'g'sf ;fy} pgLx¿sf] sfd ;dfof]hgsf ljleGg ljifodf k|fljlws ;Nnfx lbg' / sfof{Gjogsf] 9fFrf Pj+ ;+oGqdfly ;'emfj lbg' klg xf] -v08 #=!_ . ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ / ;dfof]hg cfof]usf sd{rf/L ;a} ;LdfGtLs[t ;d"x -ljz]if u/L dlxnf, o'jf, tyf kfvf kfl/Psf hghflt, hftLo ;d"x_ af6 ;dfj]zL /x]sf] x'g'kb{5 .

!( o:tf] cfof]u gePsf] cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿sf] ;'k/Lj]If0f, ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgsf nflu ljz]if ;ldltn] o; k|sf/sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kb{5 .

VI ;femf ynf] <

@) x]gf]{;\M ljifoj:t'sf] ;f/;+If]kdf k'g:yf{kg v08 . nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qx¿df !_t/fO{ tyf kxf8L If]qsf ;a} 7"nf ;x/L If]q -h:t} sf7df8f}+, g]kfnu~h, lj/f6gu/, aL/u~h, ljtf{df]8 / o:t} cGo_, @_ lzlj/df /flvPsf / lzlj/df /x]b]lv n8fs'x¿n] :yfgLo ;d'bfo;Fu ldqtf / ;DaGw /fvL ToxL If]qdf a:g] OR5f u/]sf -vf;u/L dWodf~rn, dWoklZrdf~rn / ;'b"/ klZrdf~rnsf t/fO{df_ / ax';+Vos , vf;u/L /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ ePsf v08df eljiodf klg pt} hfg] ;Defjgf ePsf If]q -h:t} dWoklZrd / ;'b"/ klZrdsf /f]Nkf, sflnsf]6, d'u', ?s'd / afh'/f nufotsf kxf8_ kb{5g\ . and areas where the majority of the Maoists originated from and may return to at some point in the future (i.e. Mid-Western and Far-Western hills including Rolpa, Kalikot, Mugu, Rukum and Bajura), especially if there are employment opportunities.

� /fhgLlts ;xdltaf6 To:t} k|sf/sf] /fli6«o :t/sf] /fhgLlts ¿kn] t6:y ;/sf/sf] dGqfnoleq} / ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf ePsf] k'g:yf{kg cfof]u :yfkgf ug]{ . o;df zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno, u[x dGqfno, >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfno, lzIff dGqfno, :jf:Yo dGqfno, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf dGqfnosf k|ltlglwx¿ / k'g:yf{kg;DaGwL /fli6«o :t/sf lj1x¿ -;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 tyf ;a} kIfn] :jLsf/]sf s'g} cGo cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx¿sf k|fljlws ljz]if1 / cfjZos k/]sf 7fpFdf /fli6«o ;dsIfL;Fu sfd ug]{ cGt/f{li6«o ;Nnfxsf/x¿ nufot_, k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf s'g} k|sf/sf] tgfj b]vf k/] To;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{df a9L dfqfdf k|ToIf e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ kfFr ljsf; If]qdWo] k|To]saf6 Pshgf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf -k"j{_ n8fs' tyf axfnjfnf jf k"j{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L -ljz]if u/L g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L anaf6 /x]sf] _ Ps ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt x'g'kb{5 .

o;df :jf:Yo ;]jf, cfo cfh{g tyf Jofj;flos tflnd, sfg'gL ;]jf, n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf / lzIff h:tf k'g:yf{kg;Fu ;DalGwt sfddf nflu/x]sf lghL If]q tyf gful/s ;dfh, ;+:yfx¿sf k|ltlglw klg ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 . k|ltlglwx¿ /fhgLlts ¿kdf t6:y /xg'sf ;fy} k'g:yf{kgsf k|fljlws kIfx¿df of]ubfg lbg ;Ifd x'g'kb{5 . ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltn] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf qmddf ;fdfGo ;'k/Lj]If0f ug'{ tyf ;'emfj lbg'sf cltl/Qm cfof]usf] ;+/rgf / To;leqsf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] afF8kmfF8df l;kmfl/z ug'{kb{5 .

cfof]usf] sfdnfO{ k'g:yf{kgsf ljleGg ljifout sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lbOPsf ljleGg 6f]nLx¿n] ;dGjo u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . o;df lgDgfg';f/sf ljifout Joj:yfkg 6f]nLx¿ x'g'k5{M

!_ ;"rgf, cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ljefu

@_ cfly{s tyf k|zf;g ljefu

#_ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ljefu -o;df :jf:Yo tyf dgf];fdflhs 6f]nL, cfly{s k'g:yf{kg 6f]nL, ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg 6f]nL, n}lËs 6f]nL tyf lhNnf ;Dks{ 6f]nL nufotsf s]xL ;+Vofdf pk–6f]nLx¿ x'G5g\_

lhNnf :t/df k'g:yf{kgsf ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ rnfpg] sfdsf] ;dGjo nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf@)@) k|To]s lhNnfdf /x]sf tLg sd{rf/Ln] ug'{kb{5M

!_ lhNnf ;Dks{ 6f]nLsf] Joj:yfkg cGtu{tsf lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tx¿ -l8cf/cf]_

@_ ;"rgf, cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ljefusf] Joj:yfkg cGtu{tsf lhNnf cg'udg clws[tx¿ -l8Pdcf]_

#_ :jf:Yo tyf dgf];fdflhs 6f]nLsf] Joj:yfkg cGtu{tsf dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{bftfx¿ -lkP;\;L]_

;a} lhNnf k|ltlglwx¿, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt -uflj;_ / j8f:t/df sfo{qmd n}hfg lhDd]jf/ x'g'k5{ / pgLx¿n] ;a} ultljlw ;~rfng ug{ uflj;:t/sf ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿;Fu ;xsfo{ ug'{kb{5 -v08 #=#=*=#_ . oL lhNnf :t/sf k|ltlglwx¿ /fli6«o :t/sf cfof]ux¿;Fu hf]l8Psf / pgLx¿s} Joj:yfkgdf x'g'k5{ / pgLx¿n] dfly elgPem}+ /fli6«o :t/df tof/ ul/Psf sfof{Gjog gLlt tyf sfo{;+rfng sfo{ljlw dfkb08 -P;cf]kL_ cg'?k sfd ug'{kb{5 -k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf] k|:tfljt ;Fu7gfTds ;+/rgf x]g{sf nflu v08 #=! / cg';"lr $ x]g{'xf];\_ . ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ tyf k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx¿ ;a} ;dfj]zL -;LdfGtLs[t vf; u/L dlxnf, o'jf tyf hft hftLo ;d"x_ x'g'kb{5 .

� oL cfof]ux¿sf] :yfkgf ug{ dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿sf] ;'k/Lj]If0f, ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgsf nflu ljz]if ;ldltn] l;kmfl/z ug'{kb{5 . oL cfof]usf] sfof{jlw ;f] ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/]adf]lhd x'g'kb{5 / ;f] sfof{jlwnfO{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf aLr kof{Kt dfqfdf ;dGjo x'g ;Sg] u/L ;ª\qmd0f tyf sfof{Gjog b'a} r/0fsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog / cg'udg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ kof{Kt / ofyfy{jfbL ;do lbOg'kb{5 . cGo kl/l:yltx¿af6 l;lsPsf kf7sf cfwf/df of] sfof{jlw cfjZos k/]sf v08df kfFr jif{;Dd nDAofpg ldNg] u/L sDtLdf # jif{sf] x'g'kb{5 . o;f] eP tfklg cfof]usf] cfsf/ tyf sfo{If]q cfjZostf cg';f/ sd x'Fb} hfg] x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu tflnd ultljlw 36\b} hfg] / cg'udg ultjlw a9\b} hfg] x'g;S5 -v08 #=!_ .

;]km/jN8{ VIIVII

@! klxNo} Kofs]hx¿df …d'Vo ;]jfbftfx¿Ú / …;]jfbftfx¿Ú eGg] ul/Psf .

k|efjsf/L hg;~rf/ k|efjsf/L hg;~rf/

k"j{ tyf xfnsf n8fs'x¿, ;d'bfo, ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿, /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ / gful/s ;dfhsf k"j{ tyf xfnsf n8fs'x¿, ;d'bfo, ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿, /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ / gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] jl/kl/sf ofjt\ ljifodf lj:t[t k|ltlglwx¿n] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] jl/kl/sf ofjt\ ljifodf lj:t[t / k|efjsf/L ;~rf/sf] dxTjsf af/]df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . o:tf] ;f]r vf;u/L ljbf ul/Psf / k|efjsf/L ;~rf/sf] dxTjsf af/]df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . o:tf] ;f]r vf;u/L ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf af/]df kof{Kt dfqfdf ;~rf/ gePsf] wf/0ffaf6 ag]sf] n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf af/]df kof{Kt dfqfdf ;~rf/ gePsf] wf/0ffaf6 ag]sf] lyof] . ;d'bfo / k"j{ tyf xfnsf n8fs' b'a}n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf pknAw /x]sf ljsNkx¿af/] lyof] . ;d'bfo / k"j{ tyf xfnsf n8fs' b'a}n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf pknAw /x]sf ljsNkx¿af/] ;"rgfsf] cefj -/ slxn]sfxL+ t unt ;"rgf ;d]t_ /x]sfn] cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsfx¿dWo]df ;"rgfsf] cefj -/ slxn]sfxL+ t unt ;"rgf ;d]t_ /x]sfn] cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsfx¿dWo]df pNn]vgLo ;+Vofn] Kofs]h 5gf]6 u/]gg\ -cg';"lr !_ . pNn]vgLo ;+Vofn] Kofs]h 5gf]6 u/]gg\ -cg';"lr !_ .

s]xLn] Kofs]hn] lghL ;+:yfg tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿s]xLn] Kofs]hn] lghL ;+:yfg tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿@!@! clg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nfO{ kmfObf k'Ug] clg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nfO{ kmfObf k'Ug] eG7fg]/ Kofs]hsf] cfnf]rgf ;d]t u/]sf lyP . o; wf/0ffn]] qmf]wsf] l;h{gf ug'{sf ;fy} /sd eG7fg]/ Kofs]hsf] cfnf]rgf ;d]t u/]sf lyP . o; wf/0ffn]] qmf]wsf] l;h{gf ug'{sf ;fy} /sd s;/L 5'6\ofOPsf] 5, sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLr lhDd]jf/Lsf] afF8kmfF8 s;/L 5'6\ofOPsf] 5, sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLr lhDd]jf/Lsf] afF8kmfF8 s;/L ul/Psf] 5 / s'g} ;]jfbftfx¿sf] 5gf]6 s] sf/0fn] ul/Psf] xf] eGg]af/]df :ki6 x'g'kg]{df s;/L ul/Psf] 5 / s'g} ;]jfbftfx¿sf] 5gf]6 s] sf/0fn] ul/Psf] xf] eGg]af/]df :ki6 x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbFb} ;~rf/sf] dxTjdf klg ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] 5 -v08 @=@=#=! / cg';"lr !_ . hf]8 lbFb} ;~rf/sf] dxTjdf klg ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] 5 -v08 @=@=#=! / cg';"lr !_ .

� ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{dfsf] r/0fsf] z'?df t/ ;du| k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofd} :jo+ n8fs'x¿nfO{ tyf Jofks hg;fwf/0fnfO{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf ;Dk"0f{ lj:t[t Kofs]h agfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg'kb{5 . o;df Kofs]hsf ljsNkx¿sf af/]df lj:t[t ;"rgf, sfof{Gjogsf nflu lhDd]jf/Lsf] afF8kmfF8 tyf /sdsf] ljlgof]hgsf af/]sf ;"rgf -pknAw u/fpg cg'/f]w cfPdf_, tyf ck]Iffx¿sf] Joj:yfkg, lg/fwf/ xNnfx¿ lrg]{, d]nldnfk a9fpg], k|lqmof;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} klg k|sf/sf nf~5gfx¿nfO{ sd ug]{ h:tf sfd kb{5g\ -v08 #=!, #=#=#, #=#=$ / #=#=*=!_

cfly{s Joj:yf tyf ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf cfly{s Joj:yf tyf ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf

xfnsf w]/} n8fs'x¿n] lghL If]q jf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo jf gful/s ;dfhsf] ljk/Lt k'g:yf{kg xfnsf w]/} n8fs'x¿n] lghL If]q jf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo jf gful/s ;dfhsf] ljk/Lt k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng / cfly{s Joj:yf ldnfpgdf ;/sf/s} 7"nf] e"ldsf x'g'k5{ tyf ;dfof]hg sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng / cfly{s Joj:yf ldnfpgdf ;/sf/s} 7"nf] e"ldsf x'g'k5{ eGg] cg'ej u/]sf 5g\ . o;f] ePdf, pgLx¿sf cg';f/, åGåsfndf pgLx¿n] u/]sf] alnbfgsf] eGg] cg'ej u/]sf 5g\ . o;f] ePdf, pgLx¿sf cg';f/, åGåsfndf pgLx¿n] u/]sf] alnbfgsf] d"No lt/]sf] 7xl/G5 . s]xL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf d"No lt/]sf] 7xl/G5 . s]xL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] hf]8 lbPsf lyP ls o;n] klg k|lqmofdf ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjnfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] sd{rf/Lx¿n] hf]8 lbPsf lyP ls o;n] klg k|lqmofdf ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjnfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] / cGttf]uTjf k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] ;du| k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ g} ;'b[9 kfg]{5 . Ps / cGttf]uTjf k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] ;du| k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ g} ;'b[9 kfg]{5 . Ps d'Vo r'gf}ltsf ¿kdf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjsf] d'Vo r'gf}ltsf ¿kdf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjsf] cefj /x]sf] kQf nfu]sf] lyof] -cg';"lr !_ . o;f] eP tfklg ;a} nlIft ;d"xx¿n] ;/sf/n] cefj /x]sf] kQf nfu]sf] lyof] -cg';"lr !_ . o;f] eP tfklg ;a} nlIft ;d"xx¿n] ;/sf/n] wfGg g;Sg] 7fpFdf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw wfGg g;Sg] 7fpFdf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ ljrf/ /fv]sf lyP . To:tf] cfly{s ;xof]u kof{Kt x'g] u/L, plrt dfqfdf / pTs[i6 u/fpg'kg]{ ljrf/ /fv]sf lyP . To:tf] cfly{s ;xof]u kof{Kt x'g] u/L, plrt dfqfdf / pTs[i6 cGt/f{li6«o rngcg';f/ x'g'kb{5 .cGt/f{li6«o rngcg';f/ x'g'kb{5 .

� ;/sf/;Fu xfnsf] dfunfO{ y]Ug] Ifdtf gePsfn] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf ;a} k|lqmof sfof{Gjog ug{ / To;sf nflu /sd lbg ;/sf/nfO{ uf¥xf] ePsf] 5 . o;f] ePsf] x'gfn] lghL If]q tyf gful/s ;dfhn] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lbgsf nflu ;/sf/sf] IfdtfnfO{ alnof] agfpg ;/sf/;Fu ;fem]bf/L ug{] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ kG5fpg ldNb}g -v08 #=#=#_ .

� k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofnfO{ rflxg] /sd -;Dej eP;Dd_ ;/sf/ tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] g} lbg'k5{ . sDtLdf klg ;/sf/n] u}/cfly{s ;|f]tx¿ -h:t} pks/0f / sd{rf/L pknAw u/fpg', ljBdfg /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/L lgsfox¿af6 ;xof]u_ h'6fpg' / /fhgLlts …afO OgÚ -lgoGq0f_ Pj+ /fli6«o :jfldTjsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg'kb{5 -v08 #=! / #=#=#_ .

� ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg wfGg ;lsg] vfnsf x'g'kb{5 . ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg cfof]ux¿åf/f -jf tL cfof]ux¿ gePsf cj:yfdf k|fljlws ;ldlt / ljz]if ;ldltåf/f_ ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgsf] lj:t[t / oyfy{jfbL nfut tof/ ul/g'kb{5 . To;sf nflu sf]if v8f ug]{ sfd cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo / 3/]n' k|flwsf/x¿af6 / ;dGjo ug]{ sfd ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg cfof]ux¿ -;dfof]hg cfof]u gePsf] cj:yfdf ljz]if ;ldlt_ af6 x'g'kb{5 . /sdsf] pknAwtf / ah]6sf] sl7gfO{n] of]hgf ul/Psf sfo{qmdx¿df k|efj kfg]{ ePsf] x'gfn] cfkTsfnLg of]hgf klg klxNo} tof/ ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 -v08 #=!_ .

� åGå;+j]bgzLn pkfox¿ ckgfOPsf] 5 / k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] glthf:j?k ;d'bfodf tgfjx¿ emg\ v/fa cj:yfdf uPsf 5}gg\ egL ;'lglZrt ug{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ;xefuL ePsf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ lbOcfPsf] afFRgsf nflu geO{ gx'g] / g]kfnsf] :yfgLo kl/l:ylt ;'xfpFbf]

VIII ;femf ynf] <

@@ dfu{lgb]{zgsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 PsLs[t lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng tyf k'g;{dfof]hg dfkb08 -cfO8L8Lcf/P;\_ sf nflu df]8\o'n $=#) x]g'{xf];\ . @# lgDg pNn]lvt æ;+/rgfÆ klg x]g[{'xf];\ .

dfqfdf kof{Kt j[lQ /sd -h:t} :yfgLo cf};t Hofnfdf ga9\g] u/L_ lbOg'k5{ / Tof] pTs[i6 dflgPsf cGt/f{li6«o cEof;x¿ cg'?k x'g'kb{5 .@@@@

vf]h jf klxrfgx¿, l;lsPsf kf7x¿ / ;dfof]hgsf] k|ls|ofsf ljz]if l;kmfl/zx¿sf] vf]h jf klxrfgx¿, l;lsPsf kf7x¿ / ;dfof]hgsf] k|ls|ofsf ljz]if l;kmfl/zx¿sf] o; v08n] ;+/rgf, tflnd / n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf h:tf ;fdfGo jf ljlzi6 b'a} k|sf/sf o; v08n] ;+/rgf, tflnd / n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf h:tf ;fdfGo jf ljlzi6 b'a} k|sf/sf ;dfof]hgsf ljifodf b[li6 lbPsf] 5 . ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf lgdf{0fsf] tof/Lsf] r/0fsf nflu ;dfof]hgsf ljifodf b[li6 lbPsf] 5 . ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf lgdf{0fsf] tof/Lsf] r/0fsf nflu eg]/ tof/ ul/Psf l;kmfl/zx¿ tn lbOPsf] 5 . eg]/ tof/ ul/Psf l;kmfl/zx¿ tn lbOPsf] 5 .

;fdfGo ;dfof]hg k|lqmof ;fdfGo ;dfof]hg k|lqmof

Ps ;d"xdf cGtjf{tf{ lnFbf w]/}h;f] xfnsf n8fs'x¿n] gful/s hLjgdf kms{g'eGbf ljk/Lt ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;dfof]lht x'gdf hf]8 lbPsf lyP . ltgnfO{ cnu–cnu /fv]/ Ps–Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf lnFbf s/La $) k|ltztn] ;dfof]hg dfq} Ps ljsNk ePsf] egL ;dfof]hgnfO{ ?rfPsf] atfP eg] ̂ ) k|ltztn] -tLdWo] s]xLn] t lgs} k|fyldstf lbP/_ gful/s hLjgdf kms{g] OR5f JoQm u/]sf lyP -v08 @=@=@=!_ .

o; cg';Gwfgn] ;dfof]hg gePsf] v08df lx+;fsf] vt/f /x]sf]df s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . 7Ls o;} ;dodf tL ;a} / gful/s hLjgdf kms{g OR5f hfx]/ ug]{ Ps lx:;fnfO{ nfe k'¥ofpg gx'g] s'/fnfO{ dgg ub}{ ;d"xdf cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf s/La &) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -/ s]xL ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿_ n] ;+ljwfg nfu' ePg / ;dfof]hg x'g ;s]g eg] jf ltgsf cfsfª\Iffx¿ k"/f ePgg\ eg] pgLx¿ km]l/ ;/sf/sf lj?4 ljb|f]xdf hfg afWo x'g] s'/f atfPsf lyP -v08 @=@=@=!_ . lsgeg] pgLx¿ cfkm"x¿ h'g p2]Zo k"/f ug{sf nflu dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfdf nfu]sf lyP ;dfof]hgnfO{ To;}sf] k|tLs dfGb5g\ / cGo /fhgLlts bnx¿n] klg lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] ;Ddfg u/]sf] s'/f o;}df /]vfª\lst x'G5 eGg] 7fGb5g\ . ctM ;dfof]hgsf nflu lghL tj/af6 pgLx¿nfO{ 5flgPg eg] cfˆgf p2]Zox¿sf] k|lt/Iff ug{ cfkm"x¿ sl6a4 /x]sf] ljrf/ pgLx¿n] JoQm u/]sf lyP .

� ;dfof]hgnfO{ clt h?/L ljifosf ?kdf, zflGt k|lqmofdf cu|udgsf nflu k|fyldstfsf ?kdf lng'kb{5 -v08 #=@=@=@_@#@#

� ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{dfsf] r/0fdf ;dfof]hg cfof]un] xfnsf n8fs'x¿ tyf /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu k/fdz{ u/L ;dfof]hgsf k|fljlws kIfx¿dflysf ;xdltn] JolQmsf lghL cfjZostfx¿ k|ltlalDat u/]sf] 5 egL ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 -v08 #=@=!_

;dfof]hgnfO{ zflGt k|lqmofsf] cTofjZos cª\u / cfGtl/s ;'/Iffsf] dxTjk"0f{ cª\usf ?kdf ;dfof]hgnfO{ zflGt k|lqmofsf] cTofjZos cª\u / cfGtl/s ;'/Iffsf] dxTjk"0f{ cª\usf ?kdf lnP tfklg s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, u}/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ / ;d'bfosf lnP tfklg s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, u}/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ eg] ;dfof]hgn] ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iffdf pN6f] c;/ kf5{ egL 8/fPsf 5g\ . lsgeg] ;b:ox¿ eg] ;dfof]hgn] ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iffdf pN6f] c;/ kf5{ egL 8/fPsf 5g\ . lsgeg] ;dfof]hg ul/Psf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] g t /fhgLlts t6:ytf sfod ug{ ;Sg]5g\ g ;dfof]hg ul/Psf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] g t /fhgLlts t6:ytf sfod ug{ ;Sg]5g\ g t klxn]sf lj/f]wLx¿;Fu PsLs[t ¿kdf a:g g} ;Sg] 5g\ . Ps lsl;dn] ;fdfGo 8/ t s] t klxn]sf lj/f]wLx¿;Fu PsLs[t ¿kdf a:g g} ;Sg] 5g\ . Ps lsl;dn] ;fdfGo 8/ t s] 5 eg] ;dfof]hgn] /fhgLlts/0f ug]{ 5 / To;}n] ;'/Iff If]qnfO{ cl:y/ t'Nofpg] 5 eGg] 5 eg] ;dfof]hgn] /fhgLlts/0f ug]{ 5 / To;}n] ;'/Iff If]qnfO{ cl:y/ t'Nofpg] 5 eGg] s'/f sltko ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, u}/dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿sf ;fy} ;d'bfosf s'/f sltko ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, u}/dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿sf ;fy} ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] atfPsf lyP . oBlk xfnsf w]/} n8fs'x¿ cfkm"x¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿ ;b:ox¿n] atfPsf lyP . oBlk xfnsf w]/} n8fs'x¿ cfkm"x¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿ b'a}n] ;dfof]lht x'g] rfxgf /fv]sf] / pgLx¿ cfzfjfbL /x]sf] kfOof] . of] s'/fsf] ;dy{gdf b'a}n] ;dfof]lht x'g] rfxgf /fv]sf] / pgLx¿ cfzfjfbL /x]sf] kfOof] . of] s'/fsf] ;dy{gdf s]xL /fli6«o :t/sf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L tyf ;d'bfosf @) k|ltzteGbf a9L ;b:ox¿sf] s]xL /fli6«o :t/sf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L tyf ;d'bfosf @) k|ltzteGbf a9L ;b:ox¿sf] egfO lyof] – xfnsf n8fs'x¿sf] /fhgLlts cf:yfdf j[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf Go"g /x]sf] 5 lsgeg] egfO lyof] – xfnsf n8fs'x¿sf] /fhgLlts cf:yfdf j[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf Go"g /x]sf] 5 lsgeg] pgLx¿n] s8f lgodx¿ kfng u/]sf] b]vfpg'kg]{ x'G5 / pgLx¿nfO{ hflu/ sfod /fVg pgLx¿n] s8f lgodx¿ kfng u/]sf] b]vfpg'kg]{ x'G5 / pgLx¿nfO{ hflu/ sfod /fVg /fhgLlts ;Da4tfeGbf dfly /xg pTk|]l/t ul/Psf] x'G5 -v08 @=@=@=!_ ./fhgLlts ;Da4tfeGbf dfly /xg pTk|]l/t ul/Psf] x'G5 -v08 @=@=@=!_ .

� ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{dfsf] r/0fdf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu 5'§} …cled'vLs/0f tyf ;+j]bgzLn t'Nofpg]Ú tflnd lbOg'kb{5 / /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] xfnsf] kl/l:yltsf] Ps j:t'ut d"Nofª\sg pknAw u/fO{ zflGt k|lqmofdf g]kfnsf ;a} gful/sx¿sf] clwsf/ tyf st{Jo af]w u/fpFb} pgLx¿nfO{ ;dfof]hg k|lqmof tyf dfgj clwsf/sf lglDt tof/ kfg'{kb{5 -v08 #=@=!_ .

@= klxrfg jf vf]hx¿, l;lsPsf

kf7x¿ / ;dfof]hgsf nflu ljz]if l;kmfl/zx¿

;]km/jN8{ IX

@$ @$ …;]t' tflnd -la|lhª 6«]lgª_Ú sf] k|of]usf] JofVof dflysf] kl/efiff v08df x]g'{xf];\ .

� ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] cfGtl/s gLlt agfO{ /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfo / ;dfof]lht k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf aLr ;f}xfb|{tfsf] k|j4{g ug'{kb{5, dgf]/~hgfTds ls|ofsnfkx¿ cfof]hgf u/]/ ljZjf; lgdf{0f ug]{, ;dfof]hg cfof]usf] ;xof]u tyf dfu{ lgb]{zgdf tgfjsf 36gfx¿df Ps–Ps 36gf u/]/ dWo:ytf ug]{ ug'{kb{5 -v08 #=@=@=!_ .

� :yfgLo :t/df ;fdgf ul/Psf k|d'v ;'/Iff ;/f]sf/nfO{ klxNofpg / k|fyldstf tf]Sg tyf tL ;d:ofsf] ;+o'Qm ;dfwfgsf nflu ;Daf]wg ug{ ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L -;dfof]lht k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ nufot_ sf aLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ -ljbf ul/Psf, :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf / k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'sf] ;d]t k|ltlglwTj /x]sf]_, :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfo / ;'/Iff lgsfo -;dfof]lht k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'sf] ;d]t k|ltlglwTj /x]sf]_ nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf Nofpg] …;fd'bflos ;'/Iff ;+jfb ;+oGqÚ sf] :yfkgf u/L ;'b[9 agfpg' kb{5 -v08 #=@=@=!_ . o;} p2]Zo k"lt{sf nflu lhNnfsf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L -:yfgLo :t/df k|ToIf ?kdf ;'/Iff Joj:yf sfod ug{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfosf ¿kdf vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/L tyf ;z:q k|x/L ansf nflu_ dWo:ytf ;DaGwL tflnd lbg'kb{5 h;n] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df …dWo:ystf{ sfo{bnÚ agfpg]5g\ / To;n] ljBdfg ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L tyf ;dfof]lht k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf aLr ljjfb ePsf v08df dWo:ytf ug{] lhDdf lng]5 . -v08 #=@=@=!_

;du|df lhNnf :t/sf ;d'bfodf -vf;u/L dlxnfx¿df_ / xfnsf tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ Pj+ ;du|df lhNnf :t/sf ;d'bfodf -vf;u/L dlxnfx¿df_ / xfnsf tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ Pj+ /fhg}lts g]tfx¿ tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L aLr ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf af/]df ;dembf/Lsf] /fhg}lts g]tfx¿ tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L aLr ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf af/]df ;dembf/Lsf] cefj /x]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . 5nkmn w]/}h;f] k|lqmofsf k|fljlws kIfeGbf klg ;dfof]hg ug{ cefj /x]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . 5nkmn w]/}h;f] k|lqmofsf k|fljlws kIfeGbf klg ;dfof]hg ug{ x'G5 ls x'Gg clg slt ;+Vofdf n8fs' ;dfof]hg ug]{ eGg] ljifo jl/kl/ g} 3'd]sf] lyof] -v08 x'G5 ls x'Gg clg slt ;+Vofdf n8fs' ;dfof]hg ug]{ eGg] ljifo jl/kl/ g} 3'd]sf] lyof] -v08 @=@=@=!_ .

� ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fsf] z'?df t/ k"/} ;dfof]hg k|lqmofel/ hf/L /xg] u/L c;dembf/Lsf sf/0f pTkGg x'g ;Sg] tgfjnfO{ kG5fpgsf nflu /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo :t/df gful/s ;dfh, ;+:yf, ;d'bfo, :yfgLo clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfo / ;/sf/sf dGqfno, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L tyf lghL If]q nufot ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf aLr ;dfof]hgsf k|fljlws kIfx¿sf af/]df hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug'{k5{ -v08 #=@=!_ .

3fOt] tyf ckfª\u ePsf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf u}/n8fs' e"ldsfdf etL{ ug]{ 3fOt] tyf ckfª\u ePsf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf u}/n8fs' e"ldsfdf etL{ ug]{ s'/f Ps d'Vo ljifosf ?kdf p7fOPsf] / xfnsf n8fs'x¿sf] ;dy{g /x]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] -v08 s'/f Ps d'Vo ljifosf ?kdf p7fOPsf] / xfnsf n8fs'x¿sf] ;dy{g /x]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] -v08 #=@=@=!_ .

� 3fOt]÷ckfª\u ePsf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;'/Iff If]qsf k|zf;lgs, u'Ktr/, ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw h:tf u}/n8fs' e"ldsfdf etL{ ubf{ h'g 7fpFdf h] nfu' x'G5, ;f]xL cg';f/ k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5 . tgfjsf vt/fnfO{ kG5fpg 3fOt]÷ckfª\u ePsf k"j{ ;'/IffsdL{sf nflu klg oL kbx¿nfO{ ;dfg lsl;dn] k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5 -v08 #=@=@=!_ .

;+/rgf ;+/rgf

s/La &% k|ltzt xfnsf n8fs'x¿sf ;fy} Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf g]tfx¿n] Ps /fli6«o ;'/Iff s/La &% k|ltzt xfnsf n8fs'x¿sf ;fy} Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf g]tfx¿n] Ps /fli6«o ;'/Iff /0fgLlt agfpg ;xdlt x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbP h;n] /fli6«o ;]gfsf] k'g;{+/rgf tyf lgdf{0f / /0fgLlt agfpg ;xdlt x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbP h;n] /fli6«o ;]gfsf] k'g;{+/rgf tyf lgdf{0f / xfnsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ klg ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsg] u/L ;Ldf ;'/Iff an / cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff an xfnsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ klg ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsg] u/L ;Ldf ;'/Iff an / cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff an h:tf gofF ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] :yfkgf ug{sf nflu Ps ;}lgs P]g :yfkgf ug{ ;sf];\ . ;'/Iff h:tf gofF ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] :yfkgf ug{sf nflu Ps ;}lgs P]g :yfkgf ug{ ;sf];\ . ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / u}/dfcf]jfbL bnsf k|ltlglwx¿n] g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ k'g;{+/rgf ug'{ cfjZos lgsfosf sd{rf/L / u}/dfcf]jfbL bnsf k|ltlglwx¿n] g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ k'g;{+/rgf ug'{ cfjZos 5}g a? Jofks ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ k|lqmofsf] cª\usf ¿kdf eg] o;nfO{ lng ;lsG5 eGg] wf/0ff 5}g a? Jofks ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ k|lqmofsf] cª\usf ¿kdf eg] o;nfO{ lng ;lsG5 eGg] wf/0ff /fv] . o;f] eP tfklg s/La &) k|ltzt ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L ljljw sf/0fn] ubf{ xfnsf /fv] . o;f] eP tfklg s/La &) k|ltzt ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L ljljw sf/0fn] ubf{ xfnsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{ ;d]t ldNg] vfnsf gofF ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] :yfkgfsf kIfdf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{ ;d]t ldNg] vfnsf gofF ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] :yfkgfsf kIfdf b]lvPsf lyP -v08 @=@=@=@_ .b]lvPsf lyP -v08 @=@=@=@_ .

� d'n'ssf] ;'/Iff tyf k|lt/Iffsf cfjZostfx¿sf] k"0f{ ljZn]if0f ul/;Sg'k5{ h;nfO{ g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff If]qdf klxrfg ul/Psf vf8nx¿ -Uofk_ / r'gf}ltnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{, ljBdfg g]kfnL ;'/Iff ;+oGqnfO{ ;'b[9 kfg]{ / gofF ;+oGq :yfkgf ug]{ ¿k/]vfsf] c+zsf ¿kdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] k|sf/fGt/n] a9L lqmofGd'vL, k|efjsf/L / bIf ;'/Iff If]qsf] ljsf;tkm{ cl3 a9fpF5 / ljBdfg /fhgLlts b'/fj:yfaf6 aflx/ lg:sg pTk|]/ssf] sfd ug]{5 . ;fy} g]kfndf /fhgLlts tyf ;fdflhs d]nldnfksf] cfwf/zLnf ;d]t pknAw u/fpg]5 -v08 #=@_ .

X ;femf ynf] <

� zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpgsf nflu ;dfof]hg Ps k|fylds ljifo xf] / /fli6«o ;'/Iff /0fgLlt gag]s} eP klg o;n] k|lqmofnfO{ emg\ lanDa ug]{ ePsfn] ;dfof]hgnfO{ k|fyldstfsf] ljifo agfpg}k5{ -v08 #=@_ .

cg';Gwfgn] >]0fL ljlgof]hg -s'g txdf /fVg] eGg] ljifo_ nfO{ ljjfb lgDTofpg ;Sg] ljifosf cg';Gwfgn] >]0fL ljlgof]hg -s'g txdf /fVg] eGg] ljifo_ nfO{ ljjfb lgDTofpg ;Sg] ljifosf ?kdf :ki6 b]vfPsf] 5, xfnsf n8fs'x¿ -h;dWo] w]/}hgfn] clxn]sf] eGbf tNnf] kb :jLsf/ ?kdf :ki6 b]vfPsf] 5, xfnsf n8fs'x¿ -h;dWo] w]/}hgfn] clxn]sf] eGbf tNnf] kb :jLsf/ gug]{ b]lvPsfn]_ / ;d'bfosf ;b:o, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L tyf u}/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts gug]{ b]lvPsfn]_ / ;d'bfosf ;b:o, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L tyf u}/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts bnx¿n] xfnsf n8fs'x¿;Fu g]kfnL ;]gfsf jf cGo ;'/Iff lgsfodf sfo{/t ;dsIfLsf] bnx¿n] xfnsf n8fs'x¿;Fu g]kfnL ;]gfsf jf cGo ;'/Iff lgsfodf sfo{/t ;dsIfLsf] h:tf] geO{ gx'g] tflnd tyf lzIff gePsf] x'gfn] pgLx¿sf] k|j]z ;'/Iff lgsfo ;xdt h:tf] geO{ gx'g] tflnd tyf lzIff gePsf] x'gfn] pgLx¿sf] k|j]z ;'/Iff lgsfo ;xdt ePsf] clxn]sf] egf{ k|lqmofsf] dfkb08sf cfwf/df x'g'kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm u/] . o;f] eP tfklg ePsf] clxn]sf] egf{ k|lqmofsf] dfkb08sf cfwf/df x'g'kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm u/] . o;f] eP tfklg cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿, vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L ansf cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿, vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L ansf pRr txsf clws[tx¿n] -pd]/ / lzIffsf] dfkb08df_ nlrnf] x'g' cfjZos /x]sf] / lglZrt pRr txsf clws[tx¿n] -pd]/ / lzIffsf] dfkb08df_ nlrnf] x'g' cfjZos /x]sf] / lglZrt ;do;Ddsf nflu dfgfy{ :yfgx¿ v8f ug'{kg]{ atfpFb} ;'/Iff lgsfon]] Jofj;flostf lbg' kg]{ ;do;Ddsf nflu dfgfy{ :yfgx¿ v8f ug'{kg]{ atfpFb} ;'/Iff lgsfon]] Jofj;flostf lbg' kg]{ ljifodf ;Demf}tf x'g g;Sg] atfPsf lyP -v08 @=@=@=@_ .ljifodf ;Demf}tf x'g g;Sg] atfPsf lyP -v08 @=@=@=@_ .

� /fhgLlts bnx¿n] ;dfof]hg ul/g] n8fs'x¿sf nflu egf{sf] dfkb08 / tx ljlgof]hg ug]{÷kb ldnfg ug]{ ljifodf ;xdlt ug}{k5{ . o;f] eP tfklg /fhgLlts ¿kdf Psk6s ;dembf/L eO;s]kl5 ;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;'/Iff lgsfo / dfcf]jfbL ;]gf;Fusf] ;xsfo{df dfkb08 / tx ljlgof]hg ug]{÷kb ldnfg ug]{ ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf gh/ /fVg'k5{ -v08 #=@=@=@_ .

� kb tyf tx ljlgof]hg ug]{ dfldnfdf dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ ;dfg lsl;dn] Jojxf/ ul/g'kb{5, dlxnfsf] xsdf pgLx¿nfO{ pRr >]0fLdf, Joj:yfkgsf kbx¿df / n8fs'sf ¿kdf cy{k"0f{ e"ldsf lbOg'kb{5 -v08 #=@=@=@_ .

� ;'/Iff If]qdfly x'g] /fhgLlts x:tIf]ksf lj?4 kx/]bf/L ug{ / kf/blz{tf tyf pQ/bfloTjnfO{ k|j4{g ug{ nf]stflGqs lg/LIf0fnfO{ a9fjf lbg'k5{ . o;df /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ / /fli6«o k|lt/Iff kl/ifb\sf] ;lrjfno tyf cGo cª\ux¿ nufotsf nf]stflGqs lg/LIf0fsf nlu ag]sf ljBdfg ;+oGqx¿nfO{ ;an kfg]{ sfd ug'{k5{ -v08 #=@=@=@_ .

o;}u/L, Psbd ev{/}sf n8fs'x¿ klg cfˆgf] klxrfg x/fpg ;Sg] / pgLx¿ ;'/Iff o;}u/L, Psbd ev{/}sf n8fs'x¿ klg cfˆgf] klxrfg x/fpg ;Sg] / pgLx¿ ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] bdgdf kg]{ ;Defjgf ePsfn] ldl>t ;+/rgfsf] -k"j{ of]Uo n8fs' tyf xfnsf lgsfox¿sf] bdgdf kg]{ ;Defjgf ePsfn] ldl>t ;+/rgfsf] -k"j{ of]Uo n8fs' tyf xfnsf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L Ps csf{sf] ;Fu} ;]jf u/]/ a:g_] lj?4 b]lvPsf lyP / c+flzs ¿kdf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L Ps csf{sf] ;Fu} ;]jf u/]/ a:g_] lj?4 b]lvPsf lyP / c+flzs ¿kdf o; sf/0fn] ubf{ ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;fd"lxs k|j]zsf] eGbf JolQmut k|j]zsf] lj/f]wdf lyP . o;f] o; sf/0fn] ubf{ ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;fd"lxs k|j]zsf] eGbf JolQmut k|j]zsf] lj/f]wdf lyP . o;f] eP tfklg ;'/Iff lgsfosf clwsf+z sd{rf/L / s/La ̂ ) k|ltzt ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ -ljz]if eP tfklg ;'/Iff lgsfosf clwsf+z sd{rf/L / s/La ̂ ) k|ltzt ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ -ljz]if u/L k'?if_ n] s8fOsf ;fy dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ xfn ;]jf/t ;'/Iff sd{rf/L;Fu} u/L k'?if_ n] s8fOsf ;fy dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ xfn ;]jf/t ;'/Iff sd{rf/L;Fu} ld;fP/ /fVg'kg]{ ljrf/ /fv]sf lyP . tL dWo] s]xLn] eg] cGoyf ;'/Iff lgsfoleq, Sof06f]gd]06 ld;fP/ /fVg'kg]{ ljrf/ /fv]sf lyP . tL dWo] s]xLn] eg] cGoyf ;'/Iff lgsfoleq, Sof06f]gd]06 / o;sf lgsfoleqsf 5'§} ;}Go ;+/rgfx¿sf aLrsf] lgs} sd dfq leGgtf b]lvg] 7fg]sf lyP / o;sf lgsfoleqsf 5'§} ;}Go ;+/rgfx¿sf aLrsf] lgs} sd dfq leGgtf b]lvg] 7fg]sf lyP -v08 @=@=@=@_ .-v08 @=@=@=@_ .

� ;dfof]hg x'g] dfcf]jfbL ;}lgs n8fs'x¿sf ;/f]sf/k|lt Wofg lbOPsf] 5 egL k|dfl0ft ug{] k|of;df d]nldnfk tyf ;+:yfut ¿kd} ;dflxt ug{sf nflu ;dfof]hg tyf /fHosf] ;'/Iff lgsfosf nflu 5gf]6 ul/g] dfcf]jfbL ;}lgs n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;a} ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ /]lhd]06, o'lg6, Knf6'g, / la|u]8 h:tf ;'/Iff ;+/rgfleq ld;fOg'k5{ -v08 #=@=@=@_ .

tflnd tflnd

x'g t ;dfof]hgsf nflu 5gf]6 ul/Psfx¿sf nflu lbOg] tflndsf ljifodf vf;u/L tflndsf x'g t ;dfof]hgsf nflu 5gf]6 ul/Psfx¿sf nflu lbOg] tflndsf ljifodf vf;u/L tflndsf nflu t6:y lj1x¿ pknAw x'g] ;DaGwdf b'a} kIfdf ;+j]bgzLntf ljBdfg eP klg ev{/sf nflu t6:y lj1x¿ pknAw x'g] ;DaGwdf b'a} kIfdf ;+j]bgzLntf ljBdfg eP klg ev{/sf n8fs'x¿n] eg] /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df k|j]z ug{sf lglDt tflnd lng'kg]{ wf/0ff JoQm n8fs'x¿n] eg] /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df k|j]z ug{sf lglDt tflnd lng'kg]{ wf/0ff JoQm u/]sf lyP . ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] cjlwe/ ;'/Iff lgsfosf] Jofj;flostfdf ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] u/]sf lyP . ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] cjlwe/ ;'/Iff lgsfosf] Jofj;flostfdf ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5}g eGg] s'/fnfO{ k|Tofe"t ug{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] dfcf]jfbL ;}lgs n8fs'x¿sf 5}g eGg] s'/fnfO{ k|Tofe"t ug{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] dfcf]jfbL ;}lgs n8fs'x¿sf dfGotf;Fu ;DaGw /fVg] ;'/Iff lgsfosf dfGotfsf ljifodf ;]t' tflnd -la|lhª 6«]lgª_ lbg'sf] dfGotf;Fu ;DaGw /fVg] ;'/Iff lgsfosf dfGotfsf ljifodf ;]t' tflnd -la|lhª 6«]lgª_ lbg'sf] dxTjaf/] :ki6 kf/]sf lyP -v08 @=@=@=#_ . dxTjaf/] :ki6 kf/]sf lyP -v08 @=@=@=#_ .

� ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th{'df r/0fdf 5'§f5'§} ;d"x ljz]ifdf …cled'vLs/0f tyf ;+j]bLs/0f tflndÚ lbO;lsPkl5, dfcf]jfbL ;}lgs n8fs'x¿ tyf xfnsf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lsf nflu dfcf]jfbL ;]gf tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf IfdtfnfO{ Ps} :yfgdf Nofpg ;+o'Qm o'4sf}zn -6\oflS6sn_ tyf 1fgjw{s -P8\efG:8_ tflnd lbg'kb{5 . o:tf ;+o'Qm tflnd sfo{qmdn] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿leq d]nldnfk tyf ljZjf;sf] lgdf{0f ug{ d2t k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} cem a9L kf/:kl/s,

;]km/jN8{ XI

pQ/bfoL tyf ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L t'Nofpg] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 -v08 #=@=@=#_ .

� …cled'vLs/0f tyf ;+j]bLs/0f tflndÚ tyf 1fgjw{s -P8efG;_ tflndn] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df PsLs[t k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf Ifdtf / ;Lkdf s]xL vf8n afFsL g} /fVg] ePsf] x'gfn] s]xL tflnd lbg'kb{5 . To:tf tflndx¿df, pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf ;]t' tflnd, zf/Ll/s tGb'?:tL tflnd, xltof/ ;DxfNg] tflnd tyf cf}krfl/s lzIff x'g ;S5g\ . ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] ;dfof]hg cfof]u;Fu k/fdz{ u/L o:tf tflndsf] k|s[lt tyf ltgsf nflu rflxg] ;|f]t lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . d]nldnfknfO{ a9fpg / sfo{qmdnfO{ åGå;+j]bgzLn agfpgsf nflu o:tf tflndx¿ t6:y ;'/Ifflj1x¿n] lbg'kb{5 -v08 #=@=@=#_ .

Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL tyf cGo bnsf g]tfx¿sf ;fy} gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] /fHosf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL tyf cGo bnsf g]tfx¿sf ;fy} gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf] nf]stflGqs ;+/rgfnfO{ alnof] t'Nofpg …nf]stflGqs/0f tflndÚ lbg' cfjZos ;'/Iff lgsfosf] nf]stflGqs ;+/rgfnfO{ alnof] t'Nofpg …nf]stflGqs/0f tflndÚ lbg' cfjZos 5 eGg] s'/f p7fPsf lyP .5 eGg] s'/f p7fPsf lyP .@%@% cGo s'/fsf ;fy;fy}, o;n] ;'/Iff lgsox¿el/df sd k|ltlglwTj cGo s'/fsf ;fy;fy}, o;n] ;'/Iff lgsox¿el/df sd k|ltlglwTj /x]sf ;d"xx¿sf] ;dfj]zLs/0f x'g], lgo'lQm tyf a9'jfdf kf/blz{tf x'g] / sd{rf/Lx¿df /x]sf ;d"xx¿sf] ;dfj]zLs/0f x'g], lgo'lQm tyf a9'jfdf kf/blz{tf x'g] / sd{rf/Lx¿df ;dfg Jojxf/ x'g ;S5 . ;'/Iff lgsfosf w]/}h;f] sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"x¿sf nflu …nf]stflGqsÚ ;dfg Jojxf/ x'g ;S5 . ;'/Iff lgsfosf w]/}h;f] sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"x¿sf nflu …nf]stflGqsÚ tflnd rflxPsf] eg] tfklg, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo zflGt ld;gsf cfjZostf k"/f ug{sf nflu kg]{ tflnd rflxPsf] eg] tfklg, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo zflGt ld;gsf cfjZostf k"/f ug{sf nflu kg]{ cGt/f{li6«o bafasf kl/k|]Iodf cfk"mx¿n] nf]stflGqs :t/ alnof] agfpg sbd rfln;s]sf] cGt/f{li6«o bafasf kl/k|]Iodf cfk"mx¿n] nf]stflGqs :t/ alnof] agfpg sbd rfln;s]sf] x'gfn] a? n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL tflnd rflxPsf] 5 egL v'nf ?kd} :jLsf/ x'gfn] a? n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL tflnd rflxPsf] 5 egL v'nf ?kd} :jLsf/ u/] -v08 @=@=@=#_ . To;f] x'gfn] o; ljifosf jl/kl/ /x]sf /fhgLlts clglZrttfsf sf/0fn] u/] -v08 @=@=@=#_ . To;f] x'gfn] o; ljifosf jl/kl/ /x]sf /fhgLlts clglZrttfsf sf/0fn] o; k|lqmofnfO{ cj/f]w k'¥ofpg ;Sg] tTj klxrfg ul/Psf lyP / s]xL lglZrt ;d"xx¿nfO{ o; k|lqmofnfO{ cj/f]w k'¥ofpg ;Sg] tTj klxrfg ul/Psf lyP / s]xL lglZrt ;d"xx¿nfO{ ;dfof]hgsf nflu k|fyldstf lbg'k5{ eGg] wf/0ff klg JoQm ePsf] lyof] -v08 @=@=@=#_ . ;dfof]hgsf nflu k|fyldstf lbg'k5{ eGg] wf/0ff klg JoQm ePsf] lyof] -v08 @=@=@=#_ .

� ;dfof]hg cfof]un] dlxnf tyf klxn] ;dfj]z gul/Psf hghftLo tyf hftLo ;d"xx¿sf] ;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{ ;'b[9 kfg{] qmddf /fHosf] ;Dk"0f{ ;'/Iff If]qdf To:tf ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj tyf ltgLx¿k|ltsf] ;lxi0f'tf -;DejtM :yfg cf/If0f cyf{t\ sf]6f k|0ffnLsf dfWodaf6_ nfO{ ;dfof]hg k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 egL k|Tofe"t ug'{k5{ . w]/}h;f] dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ u/La k[i7e"ld / If]qLo ;d'bfoaf6 cfPsf lyP / tLdWo] s/La Ps k~rdf+z -kfFr efudf Ps efu_ dlxnfx¿ lyP -v08 #=@=@=!_ .

� nf]stfGqLs tflnd ;xefuLx¿nfO{ cfw'lgs ;}Go ;'/Iff If]q tyf nf]stfGqLs/0fsf] cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08cg'?ksf] ;dembf/Lsf] ljsf; ug{sf nflu lbOg'k5{ . ljz]if u/L o:tf] tflndn] nf]stfGqLs ljlwaf6 lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿sf] lgoGq0fdf NofOg'kg]{ ;}Go tyf ;'/Iff ;+/rgfsf cfjZostfsf ;fy;fy} dfgjclwsf/sf ljifox¿, n}lËs / åGå ;+j]bgzLntf tyf ;dfj]lztf h:tf ljifonfO{ ;d]6]sf] x'g'k5{ . ;'/Iff lgsfosf ;a} txsf ;a} ;b:ox¿n] k|f/lDes PsLs/0f k|lqmofkl5 of] tflnd kfPsf] x'g'kb{5 -v08 #=@=@=!_ .

n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf

w]/} xfnsf n8fs'x¿n] n}lËs ;dtf tyf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntfsf ;Gbe{df dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf w]/} xfnsf n8fs'x¿n] n}lËs ;dtf tyf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntfsf ;Gbe{df dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf t'ngfdf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] l/s8{ sdhf]/ ePsf] atfPsf lyP .t'ngfdf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] l/s8{ sdhf]/ ePsf] atfPsf lyP .@&@& w]/}hgf xfnsf n8fs'x¿n] w]/}hgf xfnsf n8fs'x¿n] dlxnf ;'/Iffsf] ljifonfO{, cem vf;u/L ;'/Iff lgsfodf dlxnfsf] ;dfof]hgsf] ljifonfO{, dlxnf ;'/Iffsf] ljifonfO{, cem vf;u/L ;'/Iff lgsfodf dlxnfsf] ;dfof]hgsf] ljifonfO{, pNn]vgLo ;/f]sf/sf ¿kdf /fv]sf] b]lvof] . xfnsf ;a} n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf_ / sltko pNn]vgLo ;/f]sf/sf ¿kdf /fv]sf] b]lvof] . xfnsf ;a} n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf_ / sltko k"j{ n8fs'x¿, /fhgLlts g]tfx¿, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿ / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] k"j{ n8fs'x¿, /fhgLlts g]tfx¿, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿ / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] n}lËstf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifonfO{ Wofgdf /fvL s'/f p7fPsf lyP . o; cltl/Qm xfnsf n8fs'x¿ n}lËstf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifonfO{ Wofgdf /fvL s'/f p7fPsf lyP . o; cltl/Qm xfnsf n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] ;dfof]hgsf k|:tfjx¿df dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfodf k'?if;/x s'g} txdf -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] ;dfof]hgsf k|:tfjx¿df dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfodf k'?if;/x s'g} txdf lgo'lQm -pRr >]0fL nufot_, a9''jf tyf tflnddf ;dfg Jojxf/ ug]{ k|fjwfg ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ lgo'lQm -pRr >]0fL nufot_, a9''jf tyf tflnddf ;dfg Jojxf/ ug]{ k|fjwfg ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ atfP . o;sf] ;dy{g ub}{ gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] o;af6 ;dfhsf] ;fdflhs ljsf;df atfP . o;sf] ;dy{g ub}{ gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] o;af6 ;dfhsf] ;fdflhs ljsf;df ;xof]u k'Ug] ;'emfj lbP . xfnsf n8fs'x¿n] n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn ;dfof]hg gLlt cGo d"n ;xof]u k'Ug] ;'emfj lbP . xfnsf n8fs'x¿n] n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn ;dfof]hg gLlt cGo d"n ;dfof]hg gLlt cGo d'n'ssf c;n kf7 l;s]/ ToxfFsf pTs[i6 cEof;sf cfwf/df agfOg'kb{5 ;dfof]hg gLlt cGo d'n'ssf c;n kf7 l;s]/ ToxfFsf pTs[i6 cEof;sf cfwf/df agfOg'kb{5 -v08 @=@=@=$_ .-v08 @=@=@=$_ .

� ;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;a} ;'/Iff lgsfox¿nfO{ n}lËs gLlt agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . To; gLltn] egf{, tflnd, tx lgwf{/0f tyf a9'jfsf nflu dfu{lgb]{zg tof/ u5{, k|hgg :jf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf pkrf/ tyf ljbfsf sfo{ljlwx¿ to ub{5, ue{wf/0fkl5 dft[Tj tyf lkt[Tjsf nflu kof{Kt ;do tyf To;kl5 sfddf xflh/ x'g] Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ub{5, cg'zf;gsf] nflu cfrf/;+lxtf -tyf To;nfO{ nfu' ug]{ ;+oGq_, vf;u/L

@% …;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] nf]stfGqLs/0fÚ eGg] zAbfjnLsf] k|of]uaf/]sf] JofVof dflysf] kl/efiff v08df x]g'{xf];\ . @^ ;+/f;+sf cfGtl/s b:tfj]h tyf cgldgn] lnPsf] k|df0fLs/0fsf] tYofª\s sf] kl/0ffdaf/] o'PgcfOcf/kLsf sd{rf/Låf/f df}lvs ¿kdf pknAw u/fOPsf]

;"rgfcg';f/ -@))& df lnOPsf]_. @& o;f] eP tfklg s]xL pQ/bftfx¿n] o:tf ljifo dfcf]jfbLnfO{ hf]8 lbP/ eg]sf] s'/f pNn]vgLo 5 .

XII ;femf ynf] <

dlxnfdfly x'g] e]befj, hah{:tL tyf lx+;f lj?4 sdf08 ug]{ Joj:yf tyf s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf o:t} vfnsf gofF …n}lËs OsfO{Úsf] :yfkgf /÷jf ePsf OsfO{sf] Ifdtf alnof] kfg]{ / lgsfoel/ g} ;Da4 clws[tsf] Joj:yf ug]{ sfd ub{5 -v08 #=@=@=$_ .

� ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] ;dfof]hgdf n}lËs ;Dj]bgzLn ljlw ckgfpgsf nflu ;dfof]hg cfof]usf] ;xof]u tyf dfu{lgb]{zgdf pQ/L cfo/Nof08 / blIf0f clk|msf h:tf d'n'ssf pTs[i6 cGt/f{li6«o cEof;af6 kf7 l;Sg'kb{5 -v08 #=@=@=$_ .

sltko xfnsf n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf_, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / u}/dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts sltko xfnsf n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf_, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / u}/dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿n] ;a} tx, >]0fLsf /fHosf] ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] bnsf g]tfx¿n] ;a} tx, >]0fLsf /fHosf] ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] cª\usf ¿kdf n}lËs ;Dj]bgzLntf tyf dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL tflnd lng' cfjZos /x]sf] cª\usf ¿kdf n}lËs ;Dj]bgzLntf tyf dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL tflnd lng' cfjZos /x]sf] ;d]t atfP . cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf /fli6«o :t/sf s]xL gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw, ;'/Iff lgsfo / ;d]t atfP . cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf /fli6«o :t/sf s]xL gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw, ;'/Iff lgsfo / /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj -o'Pg\P;\;Lcf/_ g+ !#@%, !*@), /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj -o'Pg\P;\;Lcf/_ g+ !#@%, !*@), !***, / !**(,!***, / !**(,@*@* sf af/]df hfgsf/ /x]sf lyP, ;a} geP klg :yfgLo :t/df cGtjf{tf{ sf af/]df hfgsf/ /x]sf lyP, ;a} geP klg :yfgLo :t/df cGtjf{tf{ ul/Psf w]/} nlIft ;d"x oL k|:tfj / ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgdf logsf] ;fGble{stf af/] ul/Psf w]/} nlIft ;d"x oL k|:tfj / ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgdf logsf] ;fGble{stf af/] hfgsf/ lyPgg\ -v08 @=@=@=$_ .hfgsf/ lyPgg\ -v08 @=@=@=$_ .

xfnsf n8fs' -k'?if tyf dlxnf_, /fhgLlts g]tf tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] ;/sf/n] xfnsf n8fs' -k'?if tyf dlxnf_, /fhgLlts g]tf tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] ;/sf/n] lkt[;QfTds ;f+:s[lts ljZjf;x¿ x6fpg d2t ug]{ tj/n] n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntfaf/] hgr]tgf lkt[;QfTds ;f+:s[lts ljZjf;x¿ x6fpg d2t ug]{ tj/n] n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntfaf/] hgr]tgf hfu[t ug]{, ;'/Iff lgsfodf dlxnfx¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;dfhleq :jLsfo{ agfpg] tyf /fHosf hfu[t ug]{, ;'/Iff lgsfodf dlxnfx¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;dfhleq :jLsfo{ agfpg] tyf /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfo, /fli6«o ;'/Iff;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf n}lËs ;dtf k|a4{g ug{'{kg]{ ;'/Iff lgsfo, /fli6«o ;'/Iff;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf n}lËs ;dtf k|a4{g ug{'{kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+NofPsf lyP -v08 @=@=@=$_ .cfjZostf cf}+NofPsf lyP -v08 @=@=@=$_ .

� ;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;'/Iff lgsfosf nflu of}lgs tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f tyf JolQmdf, kl/jf/df / ;d'bfodf o;n] kfg]{ c;/sf af/]df r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ n}lËs ;+j]bLs/0f tflnd lbg'kb{5 . o;df ;}lgs tyf ;'/Iff lgsfo – of}lgs tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf dfdnfdf dfq ;Lldt g/xL ljz]if u/L cGo dlxnfsf ;'/Iff cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{_ df dlxnfn] lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg] e"ldsf, zflGt lgdf{0f tyf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ljsf;÷;'/Iffdf cfw'lgs ;}lgs tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf] e"ldsf / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf k|:tfj g+ !#@%, !*@), !*** / !**( k|lt g]kfn ;/sf/sf] pQ/bfloTj h:tf ljifo /fVg' kb{5 . oL tflnd ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox¿sf] ;xof]udf xfn g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an tyf g]kfnL ;]gfdf x'g] u/]sf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf;DaGwL tflndsf -gvlK6g] u/L_ k"/s x'g'kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;+:yfJofkL n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf -gLltut, sfo{qmdut jf JolQmut :t/df_ / n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf dfdnfeGbf aflx/ ;'/Iff Joj:yfdf dlxnfn] lgjf{x ug]{ Jofks e"ldsf;DaGwL tflndnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . lhNnf txdf tflndnfO{ sd{rf/L :t/af6 qmd}n] ;a} >]0fLsf / g]kfnL ;]gfsf] xsdf zflGt ;]gf afx]ssf sd{rf/LnfO{ klg clxn]sf ultljlwaf6 dfq nlIft gu/L :6fkm ljefud} s]lGb|t u/L tflnd lbg'kb{5 -v08 #=@=@=$_ .

� g]kfnL ;'/Iff lgsfosf gofF egf{ ePsf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lbOg] cfwf/e"t tflnddf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] cjlwel/ g} n}lËs tyf åGå;+j]bgzLn Pj+ dfgj clwsf/ h:tf ljifosf u'0fx¿ -df]8\o'nx¿_ nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/g'k5{ . o;n] ;'/Iff lgsfosf] lg/Gt/ nf]stfGqLs/0fnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{5 / cfw'lgs ;'/Iff ;]jfbftf lgsfosf ¿kdf pgLx¿sf] IfdtfnfO{ a9fpg]5 -v08 #=@=@=$_ .

� ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fsf] z'?d} t/ ;du| ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] cjlwe/ hf/L /xg] u/L ;'/Iff lgsfodf dlxnfx¿sf] e"ldsfsf ;DaGwdf hgr]tgf cleofg ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 . ;'/Iff lgsfodf n}lËs ;dfgtf / ;+j]bgzLntf x'g'kg]{ hgtfsf dfunfO{ alnof] agfpg nlIft /]l8of] sfo{qmdsf dfWodaf6, ;dfrf/kqdf n]v/rgf 5fk]/, ;"rgfd"ns krf{ k'l:tsf ljt/0f u/]/, ;8s gf6s, ;fj{hlgs uf]i7L jf To:t} cGo sfo{qmd rnfP/ k|sf/fGt/n] ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ sfo{¿kdf hfg bafa lbg ;lsG5 . -v08 #=@=!_

o;sf ;fy}, ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] cjlwdf / To;kl5 dlxnfsf lglDt s] s:tf] Joj:yf ul/G5 o;sf ;fy}, ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] cjlwdf / To;kl5 dlxnfsf lglDt s] s:tf] Joj:yf ul/G5 eGg] af/]df rf;f] JoQm ul/Psf] lyof] . ljz]if u/L, o;df k|hgg :jf:Yo ;]jf, cfl>tx¿sf] eGg] af/]df rf;f] JoQm ul/Psf] lyof] . ljz]if u/L, o;df k|hgg :jf:Yo ;]jf, cfl>tx¿sf] :ofxf/;';f/df ;xof]u, Aof/]sdf /x]sf sd{rf/Lsf cfl>tx¿sf] lzIffbLIff tyf of}ghGo :ofxf/;';f/df ;xof]u, Aof/]sdf /x]sf sd{rf/Lsf cfl>tx¿sf] lzIffbLIff tyf of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;faf6 ;'/Iff h:tf ljifo kb{5g\ . ;'/Iff lgsfodf cfwf/e"t 3/]n' tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;faf6 ;'/Iff h:tf ljifo kb{5g\ . ;'/Iff lgsfodf cfwf/e"t 3/]n' ;'ljwfsf] ;'Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ ljifonfO{ hf]8sf ;fy p7fOPsf] lyof] . cGon] vf;u/L g]kfnL ;'ljwfsf] ;'Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ ljifonfO{ hf]8sf ;fy p7fOPsf] lyof] . cGon] vf;u/L g]kfnL

@* ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj g+ !#@% n] åGåsf] /f]syfd, ;dfwfg, zflGt lgdf{0f tyf åGåf]Q/ ;dfwfgsf ;a} kIfsf n}lËs kIfnfO{ ;dfj]z u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj g+ !*@) n] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] g]t[Tjdf /xg] ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ tyf lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng tyf k'g;{dfof]hg ultljlwx¿nfO{ Jofks dfqfdf dlxnf ;+:yfx¿sf] k/fdz{nfO{ ;dfj]z u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj g+ !*** n] åGå k|efljt b]zx¿df dlxnf lj?4sf] of}glx+;f ;dfKt ug]{ s'/fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5, / k|:tfj g+ !**( n] zflGt k|lqmofsf ;a} r/0fx¿df ljz]if u/L åGåsf] ;dfwfg, åGåf]Q/ of]hgf th'{df tyf zflGt :yfkgf sfo{df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f nufotsf dfWodaf6 dlxnf ;xeflutf a9fpg] pkfoaf/] cfJxfg ub{5 .

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;]gfdf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof a9fpg'kg]{ / pgLx¿nfO{ ;'ljwf a9fpg'kg]{ 7fGb} o;df ;/sf/sf] ;]gfdf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof a9fpg'kg]{ / pgLx¿nfO{ ;'ljwf a9fpg'kg]{ 7fGb} o;df ;/sf/sf] ;xof]usf] sdL x'g' g} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] cj/f]w xf] eGg] :jLsf/]sf lyP -v08 @=@=@=$_ .;xof]usf] sdL x'g' g} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] cj/f]w xf] eGg] :jLsf/]sf lyP -v08 @=@=@=$_ .

� k|To]s ;'/Iff lgsfon] ph'/Ldf cfPsf of}ghGo, zf/Ll/s jf dgf]j}1flgs cjx]ngfsf d'2f x]g{ / cf}ifwf]krf/ ;]jfdf kLl8tsf] kx'Frsf] ;xhLs/0f ug{ clg To;sf] uDeL/ / cgGt kL8fsf] c;/;DaGwL k/fdz{ tyf sfg'gL ;]jf pknAw u/fpgsf nflu of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf dfdnfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{] ;+oGqx¿sf] :yfkgf jf ;'b[9Ls/0f ug'{kb{5 -v08 #=@=@=$_ . To:tf ;+oGq g]kfn k|x/Ldf / xfn;fn} g]kfnL ;]gf -dlxnf OsfO{_ df :yfkgf ul/Psf 5g\ / oL ;++oGqx¿sf] Ifdtf ;'b[9Ls/0fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' kb{5 .

� ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] Jof/]sdf /x]sf sd{rf/Lsf kl/jf/x¿sf nflu kl/jf/ cfjf;—u[xsf] Joj:yf ug'{sf ;fy} cfl>tx¿nfO{ ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg], Aof/]sx¿ ljBfnoeGbf 6f9f /x]sf eP afnaflnsfsf nflu lzIffsf] Joj:yf, ljBfno hfg g;Sg] ;fgf afnaflnsfsf xsdf sfo{ ;doe/sf nflu lbjf :ofxf/ s]Gb| cflb pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 -v08 #=@=@=$_ .

� ;/sf/n] k''?if tyf dlxnfsf nflu ;'Tg] cfjf;, g'xfOw'jfO{ tyf zf}rfno cflbsf] 5'§f5'§} ;/sf/n] k''?if tyf dlxnfsf nflu ;'Tg] cfjf;, g'xfOw'jfO{ tyf zf}rfno cflbsf] 5'§f5'§} ;'ljwfsf ;fy} Aof/]sdf kof{Kt k|sfz Joj:yf ug{ /sd pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 -v08 #=@=@=$_ .;'ljwfsf ;fy} Aof/]sdf kof{Kt k|sfz Joj:yf ug{ /sd pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 -v08 #=@=@=$_ .

o; cg';Gwfgn] w]/}h;f] xfnsf n8fs' ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;dfof]lht x'g OR5's /x]sf eP klg o; cg';Gwfgn] w]/}h;f] xfnsf n8fs' ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;dfof]lht x'g OR5's /x]sf eP klg ^) k|ltzt hltn] ;'xfpFbf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lbPsf] v08df gful/s hLjgdf kms{g] OR5f JoQm ^) k|ltzt hltn] ;'xfpFbf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lbPsf] v08df gful/s hLjgdf kms{g] OR5f JoQm u/]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . of] OR5f oyfy{df ;a} dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ ;dfof]hgdf kg{ ;Qm}gg\ u/]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . of] OR5f oyfy{df ;a} dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ ;dfof]hgdf kg{ ;Qm}gg\ eGg] wf/0ffdf cfwfl/t 5 . ̂ ) k|ltzt dWo]df klg låk~rdf+z cyf{t\ kfFr efudf b'O{ efun], eGg] wf/0ffdf cfwfl/t 5 . ̂ ) k|ltzt dWo]df klg låk~rdf+z cyf{t\ kfFr efudf b'O{ efun], vf;u/L afnaflnsf ePsf cfdf -dlxnf_ x¿ / /fhgLlts eljiosf] rfxgf /fVg] k'?ifx¿n] vf;u/L afnaflnsf ePsf cfdf -dlxnf_ x¿ / /fhgLlts eljiosf] rfxgf /fVg] k'?ifx¿n] ;dfof]hgsf] klxnf] 5gf]6sf ¿kdf ;fFlRrs} gful/s hLjgdf kms{g ?rfPsf lyP . o;}u/L ;dfof]hgsf] klxnf] 5gf]6sf ¿kdf ;fFlRrs} gful/s hLjgdf kms{g ?rfPsf lyP . o;}u/L uDeL/ ¿kdf 3fOt] ePsf jf ckfª\u ePsfx¿n] cfkm"n] ;dfof]hgsf] dfkb08 k"/f ug{ g;Sg] uDeL/ ¿kdf 3fOt] ePsf jf ckfª\u ePsfx¿n] cfkm"n] ;dfof]hgsf] dfkb08 k"/f ug{ g;Sg] ePsfn] gful/s hLjgdf kms{g dfgl;s ¿kn] tof/ /x]sf] atfPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=!_ .ePsfn] gful/s hLjgdf kms{g dfgl;s ¿kn] tof/ /x]sf] atfPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=!_ .

� xfnsf n8fs'x¿dWo] ̂ ) k|ltzt n8fs' k'g:yf{lkt x'g rfxG5g\ eg] o; cfsf/sf] ;d"xnfO{ ldNg] u/L Ps alnof] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h agfpg' cTofjZos x'G5 . ;'xfpFbf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lbOPg eg] ;dfhdf kms{g nfu]sf] k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf] o; cfsf/sf] Ps c;Gt'i6 ;d"xn] uDeL/ lsl;dn] ;'/Iff Joj:yfnfO{ nTofpg ;S5 / :yfgLo :t/df tgfjnfO{ a9fjf lbg ;S5 -v08 @=@=#=#_ . o:tf] kl/l:ylt pTkGg x'g glbg ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fdf xfnsf k'?if tyf dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf ljleGg cfjZostfnfO{ ;dfg lsl;dn] lgwf{/0f tyf ;Daf]wg ug{ ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f ;+sng ug'{ clt g} h?/L x'g hfG5 -v08 #=#=*=!_ .

� k'g:yf{kgsf nflu ;ª\qmd0f tyf sfof{Gjog b'a} r/0fdf ;du| ljlw ckgfpg' kb{5 . o;sf] cy{ xf]–cfly{s -/f]huf/L, tflnd tyf lzIff_, ;fdflhs, dgf];fdflhs tyf :jf:Yosf] x]/rfx;DaGwL ljifodf b[li6 lbg' -v08 #=#=@_.

dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] 5 eg] o; cg';Gwfgn] s/La *% k|ltzt xfnsf n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf_ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] 5 eg] o; cg';Gwfgn] s/La *% k|ltzt xfnsf n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf_ gful/s ;dfhdf kms{g v'nf ¿kd} OR5's eP tfklg /f]huf/L tyf lzIffsf cj;/ ;Lldt gful/s ;dfhdf kms{g v'nf ¿kd} OR5's eP tfklg /f]huf/L tyf lzIffsf cj;/ ;Lldt ePsfn] cfkm" hxfFaf6 cfPsf] xf] ToxfF kms{g rfxFb}gg\ eGg] b]vfPsf] 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ b'Tsfl/g] ePsfn] cfkm" hxfFaf6 cfPsf] xf] ToxfF kms{g rfxFb}gg\ eGg] b]vfPsf] 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ b'Tsfl/g] jf x]lkg] 8/ -tnsf] ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg v08 x]g'{xf];\_ 5 / h;n] åGåsfndf cfˆgf] kl/jf/ jf x]lkg] 8/ -tnsf] ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg v08 x]g'{xf];\_ 5 / h;n] åGåsfndf cfˆgf] kl/jf/ u'dfPsf lyP ltgLx¿ ToxL 7fpFdf kms{g'sf] s'g} sf/0f b]Vt}gg\ . a? To;sf] ;f6f] s]xL hgfn] u'dfPsf lyP ltgLx¿ ToxL 7fpFdf kms{g'sf] s'g} sf/0f b]Vt}gg\ . a? To;sf] ;f6f] s]xL hgfn] lzlj/ /x]s} lhNnfdf cfP/ a;]b]lv g} ToxfFsf ;d'bfodf ldqtf / ;DaGw a9fO;s]sf x'gfn] lzlj/ /x]s} lhNnfdf cfP/ a;]b]lv g} ToxfFsf ;d'bfodf ldqtf / ;DaGw a9fO;s]sf x'gfn] ToxL+ a:g a9L pko'Qm x'g] 7fg]sf] atfP . cGon] /f]huf/Lsf w]/} ljsNk /x]sf vf;u/L ;x/L ToxL+ a:g a9L pko'Qm x'g] 7fg]sf] atfP . cGon] /f]huf/Lsf w]/} ljsNk /x]sf vf;u/L ;x/L If]qdf a:g ?lr /x]sf] atfP -v08 @=@=#=! / v08 @=@=#=#_ .If]qdf a:g ?lr /x]sf] atfP -v08 @=@=#=! / v08 @=@=#=#_ .

� k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h sfof{GjognfO{ xfnsf w]/}h;f] n8fs'x¿ a9L dfqfdf kms{g ;Sg] nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf s]lGb|t ug'{ kb{5 . logdf !_ t/fO{ / kxf8L If]qsf 7"nf ;x/L If]q, @_ lzlj/ /x]sf If]q tyf n8fs'x¿n] :yfgLo ;d'bfodf ldqtf tyf ;DaGw a9fPsf clg ToxL+ a:g ?rfPsf If]q / #_ clwsf+z dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿ hxfFaf6 cfPsf x'g\ / eljiodf p;} 7fpFdf kms{g rfxG5g\ tL If]q kb{5g\ .

� ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{dfsf] r/0fsf] z'?df t/ k"/} k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] cjlwel/ hf/L /xg] u/L nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf ;d'bfodf cfˆg} ;d'bfodf kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu k'g:yf{kg;DaGwL ;+j]bgzLn t'Nofpg] / b'a} kIfnfO{ tof/L cj:yfdf /fVg] pkfosf ¿kdf 8/qf; sd ug{], k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] k|efjnfO{ a9fpg] / ;fdflhs d]nldnfksf] kl/l:yltnfO{

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alnof] kfg]{ lsl;dn] kms{g'cl3sf] cled'vLs/0f tyf ;+j]bLs/0f lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug{'[kb{5 ( v08 #=#=*=# / v08 #=#=(=@_ .

ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu agfOPsf] k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] xfn;Ddsf] ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu agfOPsf] k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] xfn;Ddsf] Ps d'Vo r'gf}lt eg]sf] ;]jf lbgdf b]lvPsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] sdL /xg' xf] . kfFr If]qLo s]Gb|af6 Ps d'Vo r'gf}lt eg]sf] ;]jf lbgdf b]lvPsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] sdL /xg' xf] . kfFr If]qLo s]Gb|af6 k'g:yf{kg ;]jf lbgfn] ;xeflutfnfO{ lgif]w u/]sf] b]lvG5, pbfx/0fsf nflu s]xL tflnd sfo{qmd k'g:yf{kg ;]jf lbgfn] ;xeflutfnfO{ lgif]w u/]sf] b]lvG5, pbfx/0fsf nflu s]xL tflnd sfo{qmd s'g} lglZrt If]qdf dfq} lbOG5, h;n] ubf{ tL tflnddf ;xefuL x'g pgLx¿nfO{ nfdf] b"/Lsf] s'g} lglZrt If]qdf dfq} lbOG5, h;n] ubf{ tL tflnddf ;xefuL x'g pgLx¿nfO{ nfdf] b"/Lsf] ofqf ug'{k5{ . h;sf sf/0f, ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿dWo] sltkon] tflnd 5f8\g'kg]{ ePsf] ofqf ug'{k5{ . h;sf sf/0f, ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿dWo] sltkon] tflnd 5f8\g'kg]{ ePsf] atfPsf lyP -cg';"lr ! / v08 #=#=&_ . atfPsf lyP -cg';"lr ! / v08 #=#=&_ .

� k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;xeflutfnfO{ alnof] agfpg k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf vf; vf; sfo{qmd cg';f/ sfof{Gjogsf] :t/ km/s km/s x'g ;Sg] -h:t} ;d'bfodf sfo{Gjog x'g] xf] ls, uflj; :t/df xf] jf lhNnf :t/df sfof{Gjog ul/g] xf]_ eP tfklg k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf ;a} kIfx¿nfO{ :yfgLo :t/d} pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . vf;u/L ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf a9L nfut nfU5 / ;d:ofx¿sf] ef/ klg sd} x'G5 eGg] oyfy{nfO{ dgg ub}{ Jofj;flos tyf n3' pBd Joj;fo;DaGwL tflnd b]zsf ljleGg nlIft ef}uf]lns :yfgx¿df lhNnf :t/df ;xefuL a9L x'g ;Sg] 7fpFsf] glhs lbg'kb{5 . lzIff / :jf:Yo ;]jfsf xsdf, oL ;]jfdf ;xefuL x'g]nfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L :yfgLo :t/df -;s] uflj; :t/df_ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . c;/bf/ glthf xfl;n ug{sf nflu bL3{sfnLg ;xeflutf rflxg] vfnsf uDeL/ kL8fsf -6«pdf_ dfdnfdf k/fdz{ ;]jf, ;fdflhs d]nldnfk tyf ljZjf; lgdf{0f ug{] lqmofsnfkx¿ :yfgLo :t/d} -;s] j8f :t/df geP sDtLdf klg uflj; :t/df_ pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . o;af6 3/ kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ cfˆgf] b}lgs hLjgnfO{ c;/ gkg]{ u/L ;]jfdf kx'Fr /fVg ;S5g\ . o:tf ;]jf ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldlt;Fusf] ;dGjodf pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 -o:tf ;ldltsf af/]df hfgsf/Lsf nflu v08 #=#=(=@ x]g'{xf];\_ -v08 #=#=&_ .

cg';Gwfgn] k"j{ dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf] pNn]vgLo ;+Vofn] cGthf{tLo ljjfxsf sf/0f b'Tsfl/g] cg';Gwfgn] k"j{ dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf] pNn]vgLo ;+Vofn] cGthf{tLo ljjfxsf sf/0f b'Tsfl/g] jf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf nfu]sf]] jf of}ghGo / n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fdf k/]sf] egL nf~5gf jf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf nfu]sf]] jf of}ghGo / n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fdf k/]sf] egL nf~5gf v]Kg'kg]{ sf/0fn] cfˆg} lx;fan] dfcf]jfbL ;]gf 5f]8L uPsf]v]Kg'kg]{ sf/0fn] cfˆg} lx;fan] dfcf]jfbL ;]gf 5f]8L uPsf]@(@( kQf nufPsf] 5 . oL dlxnfx¿ kQf nufPsf] 5 . oL dlxnfx¿ sf]xL–sf]xL t afnaflnsf ;d]t ePsL, sfd vf]Hg egL g]kfnsf ;x/L If]q jf ef/tlt/ nfu]sf] sf]xL–sf]xL t afnaflnsf ;d]t ePsL, sfd vf]Hg egL g]kfnsf ;x/L If]q jf ef/tlt/ nfu]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 .a'lemPsf] 5 .#)#) pgLx¿ of}g pBf]udf klg nfu]sf] x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5 -v08 @=@=#=#_ . o:tf pgLx¿ of}g pBf]udf klg nfu]sf] x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5 -v08 @=@=#=#_ . o:tf dlxnfx¿sf] ;d"x -/ ltgsf afnaRrf_ ;xof]uL ;~hfn gePsf] / k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf btf{ dlxnfx¿sf] ;d"x -/ ltgsf afnaRrf_ ;xof]uL ;~hfn gePsf] / k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf btf{ gePsf] x'gfn] k'g:yf{kgsf nflu klg of]Uo gx'g] ePsfn] lgs} 7"nf] hf]lvddf 5g\ . gePsf] x'gfn] k'g:yf{kgsf nflu klg of]Uo gx'g] ePsfn] lgs} 7"nf] hf]lvddf 5g\ .

� o:tf dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;+j]bgzLn lsl;dn] vf]Hg] / ;Dks{ ug]{ sfd x'g'k5{ . pgLx¿nfO{ vt/fdf ghflsg] u/L /f]huf/L kfpg / /xg] a:g] k|aGw ldnfpg ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . pgLx¿ / pgLx¿sf afnaRrfnfO{ uDeL/ kL8fdf k/fdz{ ;]jf / lzIffdf ;xof]u ug'{kb{5 . vf;u/L cfk"m kmls{Fbf …dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'Ú eg]/ n]an nfUg] / To;af6 nf~5gf tyf r'gf}ltx¿ v]Kg' knf{ eGg] 8/n] pgLx¿n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lng OGsf/ ug]{ ;Defjgf x'g] ePsfn] ;fdfGotof g]kfndf hf]lvddf /x]sf of}ghGo / n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fdf k/]sf dlxnfx¿sf ;d:ofdf sfd ug]{ cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] o:tf dlxnfx¿sf] ;d"xnfO{ klg nlIft ug{ vf]Hg'kb{5 -v08 #=#=^_ .

cg';Gwfg / 5nkmndf ;+nUg ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿, ;]jf k|bfos, gful/s ;dfhsf cg';Gwfg / 5nkmndf ;+nUg ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿, ;]jf k|bfos, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw, ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6 k|ltlglw, ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6 k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] ;kmntf / k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ k|Tofe"t ug{sf nflu /fhgLlts of]ubfg k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] ;kmntf / k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ k|Tofe"t ug{sf nflu /fhgLlts of]ubfg -afO—Og_ ;'/lIft /fVg' lgs} dxTjk"0f{ 5 eGg] af/]df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . o; cg';Gwfgn] Pg]skf -afO—Og_ ;'/lIft /fVg' lgs} dxTjk"0f{ 5 eGg] af/]df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . o; cg';Gwfgn] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6 Tof] ;+sNksf] sdL x'Fbf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'gnfO{ s;/L /f]Sof] eGg] dfcf]jfbLaf6 Tof] ;+sNksf] sdL x'Fbf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'gnfO{ s;/L /f]Sof] eGg] pbfx/0fx¿df klg k|sfz kf/]sf] 5 . b[i6fGtsf ¿kdf s]xL ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ / Pg]skf pbfx/0fx¿df klg k|sfz kf/]sf] 5 . b[i6fGtsf ¿kdf s]xL ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnf g]tfx¿n] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;'b"/ klZrdsf t/fO{df k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnf g]tfx¿n] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;'b"/ klZrdsf t/fO{df k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ;xefuL x'g lgif]w u/]sf] atfPsf lyP -cg';"lr ! / v08 #=#=*=!_ .;xefuL x'g lgif]w u/]sf] atfPsf lyP -cg';"lr ! / v08 #=#=*=!_ .

� k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofk|ltsf] k|lta4tf / ;+sNknfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;+of]hg ug]{ lhDdf lnPsfx¿n] of]hgf th'{df r/0fd} Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo tyf lhNnf g]tfx¿;Fu 5nkmn ug{ sbd rfNg'kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} sfof{Gjog cjlwdf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofk|ltsf] k|lta4tf / ;+sNknfO{ hf]8 lbO/fVg k|efjsf/L ;~rf/ tyf ;xsfo{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu s]Gb|Lo tyf lhNnf b'a} :t/df /fhgLlts bnx¿;Fu lgoldt k/fdz{ ul//fVg'k5{ -v08 #=#=*=!_ .

@( cgldgsf] k|df0fLs/0f k|lqmof -@))& df_ cl3 / kl5 k|df0fLs/0f k|lqmofsf ;dodf cof]Uo ju{df /flvPsf h:t} km]a'|c/L @)!) df cf}krfl/s ¿kn] ljbf ul/g' cl3sf n8fs'x¿ / of]Uo ju{df /flvPsf n8fs'x¿ .

#) of] oL nlIft ;d"xx¿sf ljrf/df cfwfl/t 5 / cg';Gwfgsf a]nf :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿, ;'/Iff lgsfo jf s'g} kl/jf/ jf JolQm ;+nUg /x]sf elgPsfx¿n] k|dfl0ft u/]sf lyPgg\ .

;]km/jN8{ XV

#! …cfly{s k'g:yf{kgÚ eGg] zAbfjnLsf] k|of]u;DaGwL JofVof dflysf] kl/efiff v08df x]g'{xf];\ .

cfly{s k'g:yf{kg cfly{s k'g:yf{kg#!

jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] ;fwf/0f g]kfnLsf nflu /f]huf/L kfpg' clt g} sl7g /x]sf] :jLsf/ jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] ;fwf/0f g]kfnLsf nflu /f]huf/L kfpg' clt g} sl7g /x]sf] :jLsf/ u/] tfklg cfˆgf] alnbfgn] ;/sf/, lghL If]q / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿af6 hLjg ofkgsf] u/] tfklg cfˆgf] alnbfgn] ;/sf/, lghL If]q / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿af6 hLjg ofkgsf] k'glg{df{0fsf nflu d2t ug{, ljz]if Jojxf/ ug{ afWo kf/]sf] atfP . gful/s hLjgdf kms{g k'glg{df{0fsf nflu d2t ug{, ljz]if Jojxf/ ug{ afWo kf/]sf] atfP . gful/s hLjgdf kms{g rfxg]x¿n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf vf;u/L tflnd jf lzIff ;DkGg ul/;s]sfx¿sf nflu rfxg]x¿n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf vf;u/L tflnd jf lzIff ;DkGg ul/;s]sfx¿sf nflu bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/LnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ cfZj:t ug'{kg]{ ;d]t atfPsf lyP . ev{/} etL{ ePsf k"j{ bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/LnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ cfZj:t ug'{kg]{ ;d]t atfPsf lyP . ev{/} etL{ ePsf k"j{ n8fs'x¿n] hUufhldg jf /f]huf/L kfpgsf nflu rflxg] ljjfx btf{ k|df0fkq, hGd k|df0fkq n8fs'x¿n] hUufhldg jf /f]huf/L kfpgsf nflu rflxg] ljjfx btf{ k|df0fkq, hGd k|df0fkq / gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq gePsf clg tL k|df0fkq sxfF s;/L kfpg ;lsG5 eGg] yfxf gx'g' g} / gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq gePsf clg tL k|df0fkq sxfF s;/L kfpg ;lsG5 eGg] yfxf gx'g' g} d'Vo afwf ePsf] atfPsf lyP . d'Vo afwf ePsf] atfPsf lyP .

� ;/sf/ -vf;u/L >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfno_ / :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿n] lghL If]q, cGt/f{li6«o lgsfo -vf;u/L cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g— cfOPn\cf]— tyf cGo ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox¿_ / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{dfsf] r/0fdf -nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf_ /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo >d ahf/df pknAw cj;/ tyf sdL -Uofk_ kQf nufpg cfjZos 7fpFdf /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo :t/df ahf/sf cfjZostf klxrfg ug'{kb{5 / tflndsf] glthfsf ¿kdf /f]huf/Ldf a9L kx'Fr /fVg] x]t'n] vf; vf; If]q jf Joj;fonfO{ s]lGb|t u/L Jofj;flos tflnddf hf]8 lbg'kb{5 -v08 #=#=*=@_ .

� ;/sf/n] :yfgLo ;/sf/sf zf;sLo ;+/rgfdf cfwfl/t ;+oGqx¿sf] :yfkgf u/L 3/ kms{g nfu]sf ;a} k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ -;fy} ljbf ul/Psf / :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf n8fs' tyf Jofks ;dfh ;d]t_ nfO{ hGd, gful/stf tyf ljjfxsf] k|df0fkq lngsf nflu lgj]bg lbg ;xof]u ug'{kb{5 -v08 #=#=(=!_ .

jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnfx¿_ n] s8fO{sf ;fy s[lifdf cfwfl/t pTkfbg jf cGo jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnfx¿_ n] s8fO{sf ;fy s[lifdf cfwfl/t pTkfbg jf cGo lgDg :t/sf Joj;fodf tflnd glng] / ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿nfO{ lbOP h:tf] tflnd klg lgDg :t/sf Joj;fodf tflnd glng] / ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿nfO{ lbOP h:tf] tflnd klg glng] atfP . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿nfO{ lbOPsf tflnddf w]/}h;f] cfnf]rgf unt hfgsf/L glng] atfP . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿nfO{ lbOPsf tflnddf w]/}h;f] cfnf]rgf unt hfgsf/L lbOPsf] af/] cfPsf lyP -cg';"lr !_ . w]/} hgfn] u/LaL / cfly{s c;dfj]zLs/0fsf] hLjg tyf lbOPsf] af/] cfPsf lyP -cg';"lr !_ . w]/} hgfn] u/LaL / cfly{s c;dfj]zLs/0fsf] hLjg tyf v]tLkftLd} cfwfl/t hLjgofkgaf6 d'Qm x'gnfO{ cfk"m dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] n8fs' ePsf] / ca v]tLkftLd} cfwfl/t hLjgofkgaf6 d'Qm x'gnfO{ cfk"m dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] n8fs' ePsf] / ca km]l/ To:t} hLjgdf kms{g grfx]sf] atfP . a?, w]/}n] ;dfhdf a9L ;Ddfg kfOg] lzIf0f jf km]l/ To:t} hLjgdf kms{g grfx]sf] atfP . a?, w]/}n] ;dfhdf a9L ;Ddfg kfOg] lzIf0f jf :jf:Yo ;]jf, k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / cGo bIf -k'?ifn] vf;u/L Ol~hgLol/ª, ;fgf k;n ;~rfng, :jf:Yo ;]jf, k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / cGo bIf -k'?ifn] vf;u/L Ol~hgLol/ª, ;fgf k;n ;~rfng, ;"rgf k|ljlw tyf o:t} c?_ Joj;fodf tflnd lng ?rfPsf] atfPsf lyP . dlxnfx¿n] ;"rgf k|ljlw tyf o:t} c?_ Joj;fodf tflnd lng ?rfPsf] atfPsf lyP . dlxnfx¿n] ;fdflhs sfo{, ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo ;]jf / ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf sfddf ljz]if cle?lr /x]sf] ;fdflhs sfo{, ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo ;]jf / ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf sfddf ljz]if cle?lr /x]sf] atfPsf lyP . g]kfnsf Jofkf/ jfl0fHo If]qsf g]tfx¿af6 kfOPsf] ;'emfjsf cfwf/df eGg] xf] atfPsf lyP . g]kfnsf Jofkf/ jfl0fHo If]qsf g]tfx¿af6 kfOPsf] ;'emfjsf cfwf/df eGg] xf] eg] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / Jofkf/ Joj;fosf] :yfkgf /÷jf ;xsf/L ;DefJo tyf lbuf] ljsNk /x]sf] eg] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / Jofkf/ Joj;fosf] :yfkgf /÷jf ;xsf/L ;DefJo tyf lbuf] ljsNk /x]sf] b]vf kb{5 . plQs}, g]kfndf sfdsf] ;Lldt pknAwtfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L nueu $) k|ltzt b]vf kb{5 . plQs}, g]kfndf sfdsf] ;Lldt pknAwtfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L nueu $) k|ltzt hlt xfnsf k'?if n8fs'x¿n] ljb]zL /f]huf/df kx'Frsf nflu bIf >ldssf] ;Lk tflndsf] hlt xfnsf k'?if n8fs'x¿n] ljb]zL /f]huf/df kx'Frsf nflu bIf >ldssf] ;Lk tflndsf] pkof]u ug{ rfx]sf] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf lyP . Jofj;flos tyf n3' pBd ljsf; tflnddf efu pkof]u ug{ rfx]sf] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf lyP . Jofj;flos tyf n3' pBd ljsf; tflnddf efu lnPsf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] cfk"mx¿nfO{ dxLgfsf] g]= ?= # xhf/sf] j[lQ lnPsf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] cfk"mx¿nfO{ dxLgfsf] g]= ?= # xhf/sf] j[lQ /sd, lbgsf] tLg 5fs -vfgfdf_, zx/L If]qdf /xg–j:g tyf tflndsf nflu If]qLo s]Gb|df /sd, lbgsf] tLg 5fs -vfgfdf_, zx/L If]qdf /xg–j:g tyf tflndsf nflu If]qLo s]Gb|df cfpg hfgdf ;d]t nfUg] vr{sf] t'ngfdf lgs} sd ePsf] s8f lhls/ u/] . pgLx¿n] ;fdu|L cfpg hfgdf ;d]t nfUg] vr{sf] t'ngfdf lgs} sd ePsf] s8f lhls/ u/] . pgLx¿n] ;fdu|L kfpg'nfO{ klg ;f; wfGgnfO{ dfq lbOPsf] h:tf] cg'ej u/]sf lyP -cg';"lr !_ . ;+o'Qm /fi6« kfpg'nfO{ klg ;f; wfGgnfO{ dfq lbOPsf] h:tf] cg'ej u/]sf lyP -cg';"lr !_ . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 /fhgLlts :t/af6 lgb]{lzt x'g'kg]{ ePsfn] p;n] ;f] j[lQ a9fpg ;Qm}g . ctM ;/sf/ tyf ;+3 /fhgLlts :t/af6 lgb]{lzt x'g'kg]{ ePsfn] p;n] ;f] j[lQ a9fpg ;Qm}g . ctM ;/sf/ tyf ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;+sNk / k|lta4tfdf hf]8 lbg' k/]sf] xf] . ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;+sNk / k|lta4tfdf hf]8 lbg' k/]sf] xf] .

� ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fdf nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf Jofj;flos tflndx¿sf] ljBdfg Ifdtfsf] d"Nofª\sg ug'{kb{5 / sfof{Gjog r/0fdf cfjZos ePsf 7fpFdf tflnd ;]jf lbg] ;+:yfx¿sf] Ifdtf a9fpg' kb{5 -v08 #=#=*=@ / #=#=(=!_ . of] ;"rgf vf;u/L l;kmfl/zx¿ sfof{Gjog ug]{ cj:yfdf xfnsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kgsf qmddf ltgsf] lxtnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ / :yfgLo /fli6«o >d ahf/sf] cfjZostfsf] d"Nofª\sgsf] glthfsf ¿kdf Joj;fosf nflu tflnd lbgsf nflu a9L dxTjk"0f{ 5 . /, w]/} ;+Vofdf tflnd ;]jf lbg]x¿ klxrfg u/L ltgnfO{ k|lqmofdf ;+nUg u/fpgsf nflu tflnd lbg] sfdnfO{ :yfgLo :t/df ljs]lGb|t ug]{ sfddf klg o; ;"rgfsf] dxTj 5 .

� Jofj;flos tflndx¿ k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a} k|sf/sf xfnsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ :jLsfo{ x'g] Joj;fodf / ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fdf k/fdz{ tyf ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f ;+sng ubf{sf avt ;sf/fTds 9ª\un] klxrfg ul/Psf Joj;fo÷If]qdf pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . o:tf tflndn] ;DalGwt /f]huf/Lsf If]q, ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf lghL If]q;Fu 5nkmn u/L /f]huf/Lsf

XVI ;femf ynf] <

nflu Uof/]06L g} lbg] k|of; ug{'kb{5 . dfl;s j[lQ ;xefuLx¿nfO{ Jofj;flos tflnd lnO/xFbf ltgnfO{ -/ ltgsf kl/jf/nfO{_ /f]huf/L gkfO/x]sf] ;dosf nflu afFRg ;lsg] u/L lbg'kb{5 . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgdf ;fdgf ul/Psf r'gf}ltx¿sf cfwf/df ;f] j[lQ xfnsf] g]? # xhf/df -j[lQ of] jf o;eGbf sd eP klg vfgf tyf cGo vr{ eQf:j?k / /xg a:gsf nflu ;d]t k'Ug] u/L_ a9fP/ lbg'kb{5 . ;]jf k|bfosx¿ / n8fs'x¿sf aLr kf/:kl/s ljZjf; a9fpg tyf n8fs'x¿sf] cfTd;Ddfgsf nflu ;d]t o;f] ug'{ h?/L 5 . o;eGbf a9L If]qLo tflnd s]Gb|x¿;Dd hfg cfpg nfdf] b"/Lsf] ofqfsf nflu kof{Kt eQf lbg' kb{5 -v08 #=#=(=!_ .

� lzlj/ 5f8]kl5 -h:t} cf}krfl/s k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofaf6 geO{_ s]xL n8fs' cfkm\g} thaLhn] ljb]zdf sfd vf]Hg hfg] vt/f ePsfn] pgLx¿n] Jofj;flos tflnd lng' cl3 jf lnO;s]kl5 ;ª\qmd0fsf] r/0fdf pgLx¿ To; k|lqmofdf zf]if0fdf gk?g\ egL pgLx¿n] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ r'gf}ltx¿nfO{ sd ug{ ljb]zL /f]huf/df kx'Frsf nflu dfu{lgb]{zg pknAw u/fpg'k5{ -v08 #=#=*=@_ .

;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf lzIffnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ ;'emfP lbP klg xfnsf ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf lzIffnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ ;'emfP lbP klg xfnsf n8fs'x¿dWo] s/La *) k|ltzt -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] cf}krfl/s lzIfflt/ kms{g''eGbf tflnd lnO{ n8fs'x¿dWo] s/La *) k|ltzt -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] cf}krfl/s lzIfflt/ kms{g''eGbf tflnd lnO{ bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/Lsf] Uof/]06L lng -oL b'O{dWo] Ps dfq gf]6 ug{ kfpg] ePdf_ ?rfPsf] atfP . bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/Lsf] Uof/]06L lng -oL b'O{dWo] Ps dfq gf]6 ug{ kfpg] ePdf_ ?rfPsf] atfP . s/La #) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu leGg} :s"nsf] ljsNk :yfkgf s/La #) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu leGg} :s"nsf] ljsNk :yfkgf ul/Psf v08df Jojf;flos tflnd jf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/sf ;Fu;Fu} lzIffdf klg kms{g ;Sg] ul/Psf v08df Jojf;flos tflnd jf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/sf ;Fu;Fu} lzIffdf klg kms{g ;Sg] atfPsf lyP . o;sf ;fy} w]/}hgf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] cfk"mn] bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/sf cj;/nfO{ atfPsf lyP . o;sf ;fy} w]/}hgf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] cfk"mn] bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/sf cj;/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf] atfP tfklg s/La @% k|ltztn] -vf;u/L k'?if_ cfˆgf] Joj;fo :yfkgf ug{, k|fyldstf lbPsf] atfP tfklg s/La @% k|ltztn] -vf;u/L k'?if_ cfˆgf] Joj;fo :yfkgf ug{, ljb]zdf bIf >ldssf] sfd vf]Hg jf /fhgLlts hLjg yfNg Psd'i7 gub /sd ;xof]u vf]h]sf] ljb]zdf bIf >ldssf] sfd vf]Hg jf /fhgLlts hLjg yfNg Psd'i7 gub /sd ;xof]u vf]h]sf] atfPsf lyP . atfPsf lyP .

� /f]huf/Ldf kx'Fr a9fpg / gk9]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] cfTd;Ddfg agfpg z}lIfs sIff tyf P;\Pn\;Lh:tf] d'Vo z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;n ug]{ cj;/ lbg'kb{5 . w]/}hgf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'sf nflu cf}krfl/s lzIffdf kms{bf x'g] kL8f tyf x]kfOsf] ;fdgf ug{ nrstfo'Qm lzIf0f df]8fln6Lx¿ ckgfpg'kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu lzIff dGqfno;Fusf] ;dGjodf ;fo+sfnLg sIff jf k"j{ n8fs'sf nflu dfq sIff x'g ;Qm5g\ . ljbf ePsf n8fs'x¿sf nflu k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ul/Psf] cf}krfl/s lzIffsf] Joj:yfsf cg'ejaf6 kf7 l;Sg] xf] eg] lzIff sIffx¿ nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf :yfgLo lzIff ;+:yfx¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{df 5flgPsf] / ?rfOPsf] ;/sf/L ljBfnoaf6 klg lbg ;lsG5 -v08 #=#=(=! / cg';"lr !_ . ljsNksf ¿kdf cf}krfl/ssf] ljk/Lt cgf}krfl/s lzIff sIff -h:t} cgf}krfl/s jftfj/0fdf cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf kf7\oqmd k|of]u u/L k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu leGg} sIff_ rnfpg] xf] eg] ljbf ul/Psf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu ;~rflnt k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdcGtu{t cgf}krfl/s lzIff sIffsf] Joj:yf ul/Pdf o; ljlwdf of] k|lqmofsf] /fhgLlts/0f x'g ;Sg] vt/f klg /xG5 -cg';"lr !_ . To;sf/0f /fhgLlts/0f x'g] vt/f Go"g u/fOG5 / To;df Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6 ;+sNk / k|lta4tf cfPsf] 5 eg] dfq cgf}krfl/s lzIff sIff pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .

� Psd'i7 gub pknAw u/fpg]] af/]df o; k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g . cGo kl/l:yltsf k|df0fx¿n] o;/L Psd'i7 gub lbFbf ;kmn k'g;{dfof]hgdf s]xL sl7gfO{x¿ pTkGg ePsf] b]vfPsf 5g\ lsgeg] o:tf] /sd k"j{ n8fs'x¿n] cfl>tx¿sf nflu ;dfg lsl;dn] nfe gxf];\ eGg] lsl;dn] la/n} bL3{sfnLg nfesf Joj;fodf nufgL u/]sf] kfOPsf] / To;n] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofnfO{ g} wf]sf lbg ;Sg] vfnsf k|of; x'g ;Sg] clg k|foMh;f] gub kfpg] ;d'bfodf klg ljefhg tyf ltQmtf cfpg ;Sg] b]vfPsf 5g\ -v08 #=#=(=!_ .

lghL If]qdf /f]huf/Lsf] ;Defjgfx¿df w]/}h;f] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ v'nf lyP t/ lghL lghL If]qdf /f]huf/Lsf] ;Defjgfx¿df w]/}h;f] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ v'nf lyP t/ lghL sDkgLx¿n] cfk"mx¿nfO{ :jLsf/ jf ljZjf; unf{g\ eGg]df eg] pgLx¿df zª\sf lyof] -v08 sDkgLx¿n] cfk"mx¿nfO{ :jLsf/ jf ljZjf; unf{g\ eGg]df eg] pgLx¿df zª\sf lyof] -v08 @=@=#=@_ . Joj;fo If]qsf s]xL g]tfx¿ k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ pgLx¿n] >lds zlQmnfO{ e|i6 @=@=#=@_ . Joj;fo If]qsf s]xL g]tfx¿ k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ pgLx¿n] >lds zlQmnfO{ e|i6 agfpnfg\ eGg] dfGotfn] /f]huf/L lbg] s'/fsf] lj?4df lyP t/ w]/]}h;f]n] eg] s]xL k"j{zt{ k"/f agfpnfg\ eGg] dfGotfn] /f]huf/L lbg] s'/fsf] lj?4df lyP t/ w]/]}h;f]n] eg] s]xL k"j{zt{ k"/f u/]sf v08df k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ /f]huf/L lbgsf nflu 5nkmn ug{ v'nf /x]sf] atfPsf u/]sf v08df k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ /f]huf/L lbgsf nflu 5nkmn ug{ v'nf /x]sf] atfPsf lyP . Joj;fo If]qsf g]tfx¿n] lgDg zt{x¿ k"/f x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+NofPsf lyPM k"j{ of]Uo lyP . Joj;fo If]qsf g]tfx¿n] lgDg zt{x¿ k"/f x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+NofPsf lyPM k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] sfd ug]{ 7fpFdf /fhgLlts ljrf/wf/f Nofpg' x'Gg, >lds ;+u7g / /fhgLlts n8fs'x¿n] sfd ug]{ 7fpFdf /fhgLlts ljrf/wf/f Nofpg' x'Gg, >lds ;+u7g / /fhgLlts bnx¿n] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmof k"/f ePkl5 lghL If]qdf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] /f]huf/Lsf ljifodf bnx¿n] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmof k"/f ePkl5 lghL If]qdf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] /f]huf/Lsf ljifodf x:tIf]k gug]{ sfg'gL k|lta4tf hgfpg' kb{5, k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ lghL If]qdf sfd ug{ x:tIf]k gug]{ sfg'gL k|lta4tf hgfpg' kb{5, k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ lghL If]qdf sfd ug{ dfgl;s ¿kd} tof/ ug{ cled'vLs/0f tflnd lbPsf] x'g'k5{ / Joj;fo If]qnfO{, k"j{ of]Uo dfgl;s ¿kd} tof/ ug{ cled'vLs/0f tflnd lbPsf] x'g'k5{ / Joj;fo If]qnfO{, k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ Joj;fodf nufpg pT;flxt t'Nofpg k|f]T;fxg sfo{qmd NofOPsf] x'g'k5{ . n8fs'x¿nfO{ Joj;fodf nufpg pT;flxt t'Nofpg k|f]T;fxg sfo{qmd NofOPsf] x'g'k5{ . Joj;fo If]qsf s]xL g]tfx¿n] kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ /f]huf/Lsf nflu x'g] k|lt:kwf{sf Joj;fo If]qsf s]xL g]tfx¿n] kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ /f]huf/Lsf nflu x'g] k|lt:kwf{sf

;]km/jN8{ XVIIXVII

sf/0fn] pTkGg x'g ;Sg] tgfjsf] vt/fnfO{ sd ug{ pgLx¿nfO{ /f]huf/L lbgdf a9L ;'ljwf x'g] sf/0fn] pTkGg x'g ;Sg] tgfjsf] vt/fnfO{ sd ug{ pgLx¿nfO{ /f]huf/L lbgdf a9L ;'ljwf x'g] cg'ej JoQm u/]sf lyP -v08 @=@=#=@_ .cg'ej JoQm u/]sf lyP -v08 @=@=#=@_ .

s/La #) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a}_n] :j/f]huf/ tyf cfˆg} Joj;fo s/La #) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a}_n] :j/f]huf/ tyf cfˆg} Joj;fo :yfkgf ug]{ cle?lr JoQm u/]sf lyP . k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -:j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_ sf cfˆg} :yfkgf ug]{ cle?lr JoQm u/]sf lyP . k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -:j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_ sf cfˆg} ;xsf/L tyf ;fgf Joj;fox¿ ;kmntfk"j{s :yfkgf u/]sf ;sf/fTds cg'ejx¿ cfly{s -/ ;xsf/L tyf ;fgf Joj;fox¿ ;kmntfk"j{s :yfkgf u/]sf ;sf/fTds cg'ejx¿ cfly{s -/ ;fdflhs_ k'g:yf{kgsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ 5gf]6 aGg ;Sg] b]vfPsf 5g\ . Joj;fo If]qsf -vf;u/L ;fdflhs_ k'g:yf{kgsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ 5gf]6 aGg ;Sg] b]vfPsf 5g\ . Joj;fo If]qsf -vf;u/L /fli6«o :t/sf_ g]tfx¿n] Joj;fo ;xsf/Lx¿sf] :yfkgf ug]{ ljrf/sf] ;dy{g ub}{ k"j{ of]Uo /fli6«o :t/sf_ g]tfx¿n] Joj;fo ;xsf/Lx¿sf] :yfkgf ug]{ ljrf/sf] ;dy{g ub}{ k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ /f]huf/L lbg] cf}krfl/s k|lta4tf ug'{sf] ;f6f] pgLx¿n] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] n8fs'x¿nfO{ /f]huf/L lbg] cf}krfl/s k|lta4tf ug'{sf] ;f6f] pgLx¿n] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] :jtGq ¿kdf :yfkgf u/]sf Joj;fo;Fu s/f/ ug{ ¿lr b]vfPsf lyP . o;n] sd hf]lvd lbg] :jtGq ¿kdf :yfkgf u/]sf Joj;fo;Fu s/f/ ug{ ¿lr b]vfPsf lyP . o;n] sd hf]lvd lbg] pgLx¿sf] egfO{ lyof] . pgLx¿sf] egfO{ lyof] .

� kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu To:tf /f]huf/sf cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{] qmddf lghL If]qnfO{ bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/sf cj;/ l;h{gf ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{kb{5 . vf;u/L ;ª\qmd0f sfndf pgLx¿n] sfd ug]{ 7fpFdf cfˆgf] /fhgLlts cf:yf / ljrf/ Nofpg ;Sg] ePsfn] o;} ;doleq To;f] ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ /f]huf/L lbg klxNo} ;fj{hlgs / lghL If]qdf sfd ug{ sfdbf/ / /f]huf/bftf aLr /f]huf/ cfrf/ ;+lxtf cg's"n pgLx¿nfO{ kof{Kt dfqfdf tof/ ug{ ;+j]bgzLn agfpg' kb{5 -v08 #=#=*=@_ .

� kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ /f]huf/L lbgsf nflu lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg'kb{5 . h:t} sfdåf/f tflnd -cg\ b ha\_ n] kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;Lk ljsf; tflnd tyf /f]huf/L lbg] x'gfn] nfe k'¥ofpF5 eg] lghL If]qnfO{ pgLx¿af6 Go"g Hofnfdf sfd lng ;Sg] kmfObf k'U5, clg pgLx¿n] ;Lk kfP / ltg} sDkgLleq a;] eg] lghL If]qnfO{ bL3{sfnLg nfe k'Ug hfG5 -v08 #=#=*=@_ .

� kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;fgf Joj;fo÷;xsf/L :yfkgf ug{ rflxg] ;Lk ljsf; tflnd tyf ;Nnfx -n3' pBd tflnd_ pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . ;ª\qmd0fsfnsf] r/0fdf klxrfg ul/Psf :yfgLo tyf /fli6«o ahf/sf cfjZostfsf] kl/0ffdsf ¿kdf s'g lsl;dsf Joj;fo÷pBf]udf dfu 5, s'g pBf]u÷If]qdf ;fgf Joj;fonfO{ s]lGb|t ug]{ eGg]af/] dfu{ lgb]{zg ug]{ Joj:yf klg x'g'kb{5 -v08 #=#=(=!_ .

jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'x¿ /f]huf/ kfpg / / Jojf;flos tflnd lng lgs} OR5's lyP . o;f] jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'x¿ /f]huf/ kfpg / / Jojf;flos tflnd lng lgs} OR5's lyP . o;f] eP tfklg w]/} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -vf; u/L dlxnf_ n] ;d'bfodf Psn cfdfn] To:tf /f]huf/L eP tfklg w]/} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -vf; u/L dlxnf_ n] ;d'bfodf Psn cfdfn] To:tf /f]huf/L tyf Jofj;flos tflndsf cj;/sf] nfe lng ;s"g\ eGg] p2]Zon] ;xof]u ug{ ljBfno hfg] tyf Jofj;flos tflndsf cj;/sf] nfe lng ;s"g\ eGg] p2]Zon] ;xof]u ug{ ljBfno hfg] pd]/ gk'u]sf ;fgf afnaflnsfsf nflu afn :ofxf/ s]Gb| h:tf ;'ljwf :yfkgf ug'{ cfjZos pd]/ gk'u]sf ;fgf afnaflnsfsf nflu afn :ofxf/ s]Gb| h:tf ;'ljwf :yfkgf ug'{ cfjZos /x]sf] atfPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=@ _ . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf dlxnf /x]sf] atfPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=@ _ . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] dfdnfdf ;fdgf ul/Psf r'gf}ltsf ;Gbe{df o:tf ;'ljwfsf] dxTjdf hf]8 lbOPsf] ;xeflutfsf] dfdnfdf ;fdgf ul/Psf r'gf}ltsf ;Gbe{df o:tf ;'ljwfsf] dxTjdf hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L dlxnf_ n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ;xefuL ePsf w]/} lyof] . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L dlxnf_ n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ;xefuL ePsf w]/} hgf dlxnfx¿n] o; Kofs]hdf cfl>tx¿sf nflu Jofj;flos tflnd nufotsf cGo s'g} hgf dlxnfx¿n] o; Kofs]hdf cfl>tx¿sf nflu Jofj;flos tflnd nufotsf cGo s'g} klg ljsNk g/f]hL n3'ljQLo ;xof]usf] ljsNk /f]h]sf] atfPsf lyP .klg ljsNk g/f]hL n3'ljQLo ;xof]usf] ljsNk /f]h]sf] atfPsf lyP .#@#@ o;n] ;a} k|sf/sf o;n] ;a} k|sf/sf k'g:yf{kgsf ljsNk 5gf]6df o; k|sf/sf ;xof]u ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg'sf] dxTjnfO{ /]vfª\lst k'g:yf{kgsf ljsNk 5gf]6df o; k|sf/sf ;xof]u ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg'sf] dxTjnfO{ /]vfª\lst u/]sf] 5 . ljbf ul/Psf dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] kl/jf/ eQf gx'g'nfO{ Kofs]hdf w]/} dlxnfx¿ u/]sf] 5 . ljbf ul/Psf dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] kl/jf/ eQf gx'g'nfO{ Kofs]hdf w]/} dlxnfx¿ ;xefuL x'g g;Sg'sf] d'Vo sf/0fsf ¿kdf dfg]sf lyP . /, n3' pBd tyf Jofj;flos ;xefuL x'g g;Sg'sf] d'Vo sf/0fsf ¿kdf dfg]sf lyP . /, n3' pBd tyf Jofj;flos tflnd -jf cGo ljsNk_ df ;xefuL ePsf afnaRrf ;lxtsf Psn dlxnfsf nflu tflnd tflnd -jf cGo ljsNk_ df ;xefuL ePsf afnaRrf ;lxtsf Psn dlxnfsf nflu tflnd lbOg] ;x/;Dd hfgnfO{ k'Ubf] ofqf vr{, vfgkLg / a;fO{, afnaRrfsf] :ofxf/;';f/ tyf ;a} lbOg] ;x/;Dd hfgnfO{ k'Ubf] ofqf vr{, vfgkLg / a;fO{, afnaRrfsf] :ofxf/;';f/ tyf ;a} cfl>tx¿sf nflu cfjZos vr{ wfGg k'Ug] u/L dfl;s j[lQ ;d]t a9fpg kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbP cfl>tx¿sf nflu cfjZos vr{ wfGg k'Ug] u/L dfl;s j[lQ ;d]t a9fpg kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbP -cg';"lr !_ . cg';Gwfgn] cGthf{tLo ljjfxsf sf/0f kl/jf/ / ;d'bfoaf6 c:jLsf/ ul/Psf, -cg';"lr !_ . cg';Gwfgn] cGthf{tLo ljjfxsf sf/0f kl/jf/ / ;d'bfoaf6 c:jLsf/ ul/Psf, of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fdf k/]sf / nf]Ug] u'dfPsf t/ afnaRrf ;lxtsf jt{dfg of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fdf k/]sf / nf]Ug] u'dfPsf t/ afnaRrf ;lxtsf jt{dfg Psn dlxnf n8fs'sf] pNn]vgLo ;+Vof /x]sf] kQf nufPsf] 5 h;n] ubf{ o:tf ;]jf ;'ljwf w]/} Psn dlxnf n8fs'sf] pNn]vgLo ;+Vof /x]sf] kQf nufPsf] 5 h;n] ubf{ o:tf ;]jf ;'ljwf w]/} dxTjk"0f{ ePsf 5g\ -v08 @=@=#=#_ . dxTjk"0f{ ePsf 5g\ -v08 @=@=#=#_ .

3fOt] jf ckfª\u ePsf w]/}hgf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] olb /f]huf/Ldf cfk"mx¿sf] kx'Fr gx'g] xf] 3fOt] jf ckfª\u ePsf w]/}hgf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] olb /f]huf/Ldf cfk"mx¿sf] kx'Fr gx'g] xf] eg] lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf tyf oftfoft ;'ljwf / cfhLjg lgj[lQe/0f lbOg' kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf eg] lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf tyf oftfoft ;'ljwf / cfhLjg lgj[lQe/0f lbOg' kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . p;f] t pgLx¿dWo] w]/}n] cfˆgf] tyf ;d'bfosf] ;Ddfg sfod ug{sf nflu cfˆgf] zf/Ll/s lyP . p;f] t pgLx¿dWo] w]/}n] cfˆgf] tyf ;d'bfosf] ;Ddfg sfod ug{sf nflu cfˆgf] zf/Ll/s cfjZostf cg's"nsf]] /f]huf/df sfd ug{ lgs} OR5's /x]sf] atfPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=@ _ . cfjZostf cg's"nsf]] /f]huf/df sfd ug{ lgs} OR5's /x]sf] atfPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=@ _ .

� k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ;xefuL x'g k|f]T;flxt ug{sf nflu afnaRrf ePsf Psn dlxnf

#@ ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf ljleGg ljsNkx¿df afnaRrf ;lxtsL dlxnfsf nflu s] s:tf ;xof]usf] Joj:yf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 eGg] hfgsf/Lsf lngsf nflu cg';"lr ! x]g'{xf];\ .

XVIII ;femf ynf] <

tyf ljjflxt k"j{ -of]Uo / jf ljbf ul/Psf_ n8fs'x¿sf nflu ljBfno hfg] pd]/ gk'u]sf afnsflnsfsf nflu afn :ofxf/ ;]jf nufotsf ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . ;a} k|sf/sf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf ljsNkdf ;xefuL ag]sf afnaRrf ePsf Psn dlxnf tyf ljjflxt k"j{ -of]Uo / jf ljbf ul/Psf_ n8fs'x¿sf nflu k"/} kl/jf/sf] cfwf/e"t vr{ wfGg ;lsg] u/L kl/jf/ eQf pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . cem o;eGbf a9L kl/jf/nfO{ If]qLo tflnd s]Gb|;Dd k'Ug] nfdf] ofqfdf ;xof]u ug{ ;d]t kof{Kt eQf lbg'k5{ -v08 #=#=(=!_ .

� ckfª\u ePsf / uDeL/ lsl;dn] 3fOt] ePsfx¿sf nflu tof/L /f]huf/Lsf ->dsf] dfu cg'?k_ ljsNkx¿ l;h{gf ug'{k5{ . /, /f]huf/L kfpg} g;Sg]x¿sf nflu bL3{sfnLg k]G;g pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . ;d'bfodf /x]sf zf/Ll/s czQmx¿sf] cj:yf;Fu hf]8\bf ;d'bfo;Fu hf]l8g ;xof]u k'Ug] x'gfn] To;;Fu hf]8]/ -h:t} ;xsf/L_ /f]huf/Lsf ljsNk l;h{gf ug'{k5{ -v08 #=#=(=!_ .

ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu ;~rflnt k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmddf Jofj;flos tflnd lbgdf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu ;~rflnt k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmddf Jofj;flos tflnd lbgdf ;+nUg s]xL ;]jf k|bfosx¿n], d'Vo ;]jf k|bfosx¿n] atfP ls k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog ;+nUg s]xL ;]jf k|bfosx¿n], d'Vo ;]jf k|bfosx¿n] atfP ls k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog ultljlwsf] ;dGjo ug{ s/f/df ;]jf k|bfosx¿ lnPsf x'gfn] l9nf] /sd e'StfgL tyf sdhf]/ ultljlwsf] ;dGjo ug{ s/f/df ;]jf k|bfosx¿ lnPsf x'gfn] l9nf] /sd e'StfgL tyf sdhf]/ ;~rf/ Pj+ a9L gfkmf lngdf pgLx¿ g} lhDd]jf/ lyP -cg';"lr !_ .;~rf/ Pj+ a9L gfkmf lngdf pgLx¿ g} lhDd]jf/ lyP -cg';"lr !_ .

� k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;dGjo ug]{ lgsfon] k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ alnof] agfpg / ;dGjo tyf ;~rf/nfO{ sl;nf] kfg{] qmddf aLrsf dfG5]x¿nfO{ Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkg'sf] ;f6f] k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf ljleGg kIfx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ;]jf k|bfosx¿;Fu k|ToIf ;xsfo{af6 ug'{kb{5 -v08 #=#=#_ .

;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg##

w]/} ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] k"j{ -ljbf ul/Psf / :j]]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_ n8fs'x¿ klg eljiodf w]/} ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] k"j{ -ljbf ul/Psf / :j]]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_ n8fs'x¿ klg eljiodf ca lx+;fTds Jojxf/tkm{ gkms{g] eg]/ ;d'bfodf kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs' em}+ x'g'kg]{ atfP eg] ca lx+;fTds Jojxf/tkm{ gkms{g] eg]/ ;d'bfodf kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs' em}+ x'g'kg]{ atfP eg] @) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] dfq s'g} r'gf}ltljgf -h:t} cfk"m hfg] ;d'bfoaf6_ ;d'bfodf @) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] dfq s'g} r'gf}ltljgf -h:t} cfk"m hfg] ;d'bfoaf6_ ;d'bfodf kms{g ;Sg] atfP .kms{g ;Sg] atfP .

w]/} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ cfk"m cfPsf] ;d'bfodf hfg lxlRsrfPsf lyP lsgeg] cfˆgf] ;d'bfon] w]/} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ cfk"m cfPsf] ;d'bfodf hfg lxlRsrfPsf lyP lsgeg] cfˆgf] ;d'bfon] pgLx¿nfO{ -vf;u/L k'?ifnfO{_ vfnL xft kms{]/ c;kmn ePsf] ;f]Rnfg\ jf kl/jf/ jf ;d'bfon] pgLx¿nfO{ -vf;u/L k'?ifnfO{_ vfnL xft kms{]/ c;kmn ePsf] ;f]Rnfg\ jf kl/jf/ jf ;d'bfon] cfk"mx¿nfO{ -k'?if / dlxnf b'a}nfO{_ c:jLsf/ unf{g\ eGg] 8/ lyof] . jt{dfg n8fs'dWo] s/La cfk"mx¿nfO{ -k'?if / dlxnf b'a}nfO{_ c:jLsf/ unf{g\ eGg] 8/ lyof] . jt{dfg n8fs'dWo] s/La $) k|ltzt -k'?if / dlxnf_ nfO{ cfˆgf] cGthf{tLo ljjfxsf sf/0f c:jLsf/ x'g] 8/ lyof] . $) k|ltzt -k'?if / dlxnf_ nfO{ cfˆgf] cGthf{tLo ljjfxsf sf/0f c:jLsf/ x'g] 8/ lyof] . o:tf] cGthf{tLo ljjfx dfcf]jfbL ;]gfleq ;fdfGo eP klg Jofks ;dfhdf sd} :jLsfo{ o:tf] cGthf{tLo ljjfx dfcf]jfbL ;]gfleq ;fdfGo eP klg Jofks ;dfhdf sd} :jLsfo{ x'G5 . o:tf ljifo To:tf c:jLs[ltsf] ;d:of em]n]sf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejaf6 x'G5 . o:tf ljifo To:tf c:jLs[ltsf] ;d:of em]n]sf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejaf6 k|dfl0ft ePsf 5g\ .k|dfl0ft ePsf 5g\ .

s/La ̂ ) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfeGbf leGg cf:yfx¿df s/La ̂ ) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfeGbf leGg cf:yfx¿df km]l/ ldNg ;lsg]af/] rf;f] JoQm u/]sf lyP . clwsf+z jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] km]l/ ldNg ;lsg]af/] rf;f] JoQm u/]sf lyP . clwsf+z jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] k'?ifeGbf dlxnf n8fs'x¿nfO{ gful/s hLjgdf kms{g w]/} sl7gfO{sf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ 8/ /x]sf] k'?ifeGbf dlxnf n8fs'x¿nfO{ gful/s hLjgdf kms{g w]/} sl7gfO{sf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ 8/ /x]sf] atfPsf lyP . ;d'bfon] pgLx¿n] ;fF:s[lts ¿kdf lgwf{l/t n}lËs e"ldsf lj?4 sfd u/L atfPsf lyP . ;d'bfon] pgLx¿n] ;fF:s[lts ¿kdf lgwf{l/t n}lËs e"ldsf lj?4 sfd u/L cGthf{tLo ljjfxx¿df ;xefuL ePsf] jf dfcf]jfbL hg ;]gfdf /xFbf …Ps hgfk|lt lgi7fjfg cGthf{tLo ljjfxx¿df ;xefuL ePsf] jf dfcf]jfbL hg ;]gfdf /xFbf …Ps hgfk|lt lgi7fjfg g/x]sf]Ú jf …k"jf{u|xk"0f{Ú dflgPsf Jojxf/ k|bz{g u/]sf] eGg] wf/0ff agfPsf] x'gfn] pgLx¿ g/x]sf]Ú jf …k"jf{u|xk"0f{Ú dflgPsf Jojxf/ k|bz{g u/]sf] eGg] wf/0ff agfPsf] x'gfn] pgLx¿ 8/fPsf lyP .8/fPsf lyP .

o:tf 8/qf; ;a} ;d'bfo, gful/s ;dfh, ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿, :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfo o:tf 8/qf; ;a} ;d'bfo, gful/s ;dfh, ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿, :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfo / ;'/Iff lgsfosf b[li6sf]0f tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejdf k|ltlalDat ePsf lyP . ;d'bfosf / ;'/Iff lgsfosf b[li6sf]0f tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejdf k|ltlalDat ePsf lyP . ;d'bfosf s]xL ;b:ox¿sf cg';f/, cGthf{tLo ljjfx u/]sf slyt tNnf] hfltsf b'nfxf b'nxLnfO{ 3/ s]xL ;b:ox¿sf cg';f/, cGthf{tLo ljjfx u/]sf slyt tNnf] hfltsf b'nfxf b'nxLnfO{ 3/ kms]{sf a]nf jf c:yfoL ¿kdf 3/df cfPsf a]nf ltgsf ;f;';;'/fn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf / zf/Ll/s kms]{sf a]nf jf c:yfoL ¿kdf 3/df cfPsf a]nf ltgsf ;f;';;'/fn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf / zf/Ll/s oftgf lbO{ hah{:tL eufpg] jf Hofg} lng] ;Ddsf -…cfTdxTof u/]sf]Ú elgPsf_ s}of}+ 36gf oftgf lbO{ hah{:tL eufpg] jf Hofg} lng] ;Ddsf -…cfTdxTof u/]sf]Ú elgPsf_ s}of}+ 36gf ePsf 5g\ .ePsf 5g\ .#$#$ kmn:j?k s]xL jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿, ;d'bfosf ;b:o, ;'/Iff lgsfosf kmn:j?k s]xL jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿, ;d'bfosf ;b:o, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / gful/s ;dfh tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|ltlglwx¿n] ;dfhdf dlxnfsf] ablnFbf] sd{rf/L / gful/s ;dfh tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|ltlglwx¿n] ;dfhdf dlxnfsf] ablnFbf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df hgr]tgf a9fpFb} dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf af/]df k|rlnt ldysx¿ ;dfKt kfg{' e"ldsfsf] af/]df hgr]tgf a9fpFb} dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf af/]df k|rlnt ldysx¿ ;dfKt kfg{' kg]{ atfPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=#_ . ;a} nlIft ;d"xx¿n] bL3{sfnLg d]nldnfksf k|of;x¿ kg]{ atfPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=#_ . ;a} nlIft ;d"xx¿n] bL3{sfnLg d]nldnfksf k|of;x¿ -sDtLdf klg b; jif{;Ddsf] _ sf] dxTjdf klg hf]8 lbPsf lyP -v08 #=#=(=@_ .-sDtLdf klg b; jif{;Ddsf] _ sf] dxTjdf klg hf]8 lbPsf lyP -v08 #=#=(=@_ .

� ;ª\qmd0f tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{ tof/Lsf] r/0f z'? ubf{ k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;d'bfosf] :jfldTjnfO{ k|j4{g ug{ ;d'bfoleq tyf ;d'bfo–;d'bfoaLr / k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿aLr ;+jfb,

## …;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgÚ zAbfjnLsf] k|of]usf] JofVof dflysf] kl/efiff v08df x]g{'xf];\ . #$ of] ;d'bfox¿sf] b[li6sf]0fdf cfwfl/t 5 / cg';Gwfgsf a]nf :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿, ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ ;+Ung ePsf] cf/f]k nfu]sf kl/jf/ s;}n]

klg cflwsfl/s ?kdf xf] eg]sf lyPgg\ .

;]km/jN8{ XIXXIX

#% :yfgLo kl/l:ylt / dfudf cfwfl/t /x]/ k'?if, dlxnf tyf uDeL/ lsl;dn] 3fOt]÷ckfª\u ePsfx¿sf nflu ;d'bfo :t/sf 5'§f5'§} ;xfotf ;d"xx¿ :yfkgf ug'{kb{5 . o:tf ;xfotf ;d"xx¿n] ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgsf qmddf v]Kg' k/]sf r'gf}lt / ul/Psf cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg ug]{, kf/:kl/s ;xof]usf] l;h{gf ug]{ / Psfsf{nfO{ ;xof]u ug{df b]vf k/]sf r'gf}ltaf6 kf/ kfpg] pkfox¿ kQf nufpg lgoldt a}7s ;~rfng ug{ ;S5g\ . ;xfotf ;d"xx¿n] dgf];fdflhs / efjgfTds ;xof]u pknAw u/fpgsf nflu klg d2t ug{ ;S5g\ -v08 #=#=(=@_ .

d]nldnfk tyf ljZjf; lgdf{0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf k|To]s lhNnfsf uflj; :t/df ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿sf] :yfkgf ug'{kb{5 . vf;u/L ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿n] lhNnf cg'udg clws[t -l8Pdcf]_ / lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[t -l8cf/cf]_ -lhNnf :t/df k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{, dfly x]g'{xf];\_ sf] ;xof]udf tyf ltgsf dfWodaf6 k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf ;fdflhs, dgf];fdflhs, ;~rf/ / cg'udg h:tf kIfx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 . k|To]s ;ldltdf Ps hgf cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ;Da4 JolQm tf]lsg'kb{5 . ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿df :yfgLo kl/l:ylt cg's"n ;dfg'kflts lsl;dn] ;d'bfosf k|ltlglwx¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf k"j{ sd{rf/L tyf kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ -ljleGg hfthflt hghftLo ;d"x, wfld{s ;d"x / pd]/ ;d"xsf k|ltlglw_, gful/s ;dfh, k/Dk/fut÷;d'bfosf g]tf tyf :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfosf k|ltlglw ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g'kb{5 . ;/sf/ tyf :yfgLo lgsfosf] :jfldTjnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ o:tf ;ldlt :yfgLo :t/df ljBdfg ;+/rgfdf cfwfl/t agfP/ uflj;sf] ;+/rgfleq x'g'kb{5 t/ /fhgLlts k|efjaf6 t6:y tyf :jtGq ¿kn] sfd ug]{ x'g'kb{5 . ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿n] sfdnfO{ j8f :t/;Dd k'¥ofpg] lhDd]jf/L lng'kb{5 . ;/sf/n] o;sf nflu ah]6 pknAw u/fpg'k5{ jf bftfx¿sf] ;xof]u lng vf]Hg' kb{5 . ;ldltsf] lhDd]jf/Ldf kf/:kl/s ljZjf;sf] lgdf{0f, d]nldnfksf nflu ;+o'Qm ultljlwsf] cfof]hgf, ljjfbsf] dWo:ytf, ;d'bfo / k"j{ of]Uo n8fs' aLr kmf6f] Nofpg] jf nf~5gf nufpg] vfnsf ljifodf ul/g] ;fd'bflos ;+jfbdf ;xof]u -dlxnf;DaGwL wf/0ffs jf dgf];fdflhs b'bf{Gt kL8f;Fu ufFl;Psf nf~5gf cflbdf ;d]t_, kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu#%#% ;xfotf ;d"x :yfkgf ug]{ / ltgnfO{ kl/rfng ug]{, lhNnf cg'udg clws[t -l8Pdcf]_ ;Fu ldn]/ k|ult tyf r'gf}ltx¿af/] l/kf]l6{ª ug]{ tyf lhNnf cg'udg clws[t;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ;d'bfodf -k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd;DaGwL_ ;~rf/ ultljlw ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] cflb ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 .

� Ps k6s :yfkgf ePkl5 sfof{Gjog r/0fdf ;ldltx¿sf nflu cfjZos kbf{ d]nldnfk÷ljZjf;sf] lgdf{0f÷dWo:ystf{sf] sfd ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cled'vLs/0f tyf Ifdtf ljsf;;DaGwL k|lzIf0f lbg'kb{5 -v08 #=#=(=@_ .+

� k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] z'? x'Fbfsf] r/0fdf pTkGg x'g ;Sg] tgfjsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ sd ug{ jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ gful/s hLjgdf kmls{g'cl3sf] ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fd} ;d'bfodf d]nldnfk, ljZjf; lgdf{0f tyf ;fdflhs ;b\efjsf] lj?jf /f]Kg] sfd ug'{ clt g} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .

� ;ª\qmd0fsf] r/0fdf k|f/Dedf t/ ;du| k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofel/ g} hf/L /xg] u/L k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ kms{g] nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf ;d'bfodf ;fdflhsLs/0f tyf cled'vLs/0f ultljlw ;~rfng ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . o;af6 pgLx¿df /x]sf] 8/qf; / pgLx¿sf af/]df ljBdfg ldys tyf xNnf -vf;u/L dlxnf n8fs'sf xsdf_ x6fpg, nf~5gfx¿;Fu h'em\g / cGttf]uTjf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿sf] k|efjnfO{ a9fpg d2t k'U5 . cled'vLs/0fsf ultljlwdf /]l8of] sfo{qmd, 8s'8«fdf, ;dfrf/kqdf n]v/rgf k|sfzg, ;"rgfd"ns krf{k'l:tsf, ;8s gf6s, ;fj{hlgs uf]i7L / o:t} cGo sfo{qmd x'g ;S5g\ -v08 @=@=*=# / #=#=(=@_ .

� 3/ kms{g] ;a} k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ lkmtL{sf nflu dfgl;s ¿kdf tof/ ug{ / ltgsf] ;d'bfodf :jLsfo{ x'gsf nflu lqmofzLn e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ k|f]T;fxg tyf ;xof]u ug{sf nflu ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{dfsf] tof/L r/0fdf …;fdflhsLs/0f tyf cled'vLs/0f tflndÚ lbg'k5{ -v08 @=@=*=# / #=#=(=@_ . pgLx¿ gful/s hLjgdf kms]{kl5 dfly /]vfª\lst ul/Psf] / lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tsf] ;dGjodf x'g] ;d'bfonfO{ ;+j]bgzLn t'Nofpg] ultljlwx¿df pgLx¿ ;xefuL x'g'k5{ .

dgf];fdflhs k'g:yf{kg tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf dgf];fdflhs k'g:yf{kg tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf

jt{dfg n8fs'x¿dWo] kfFr k|ltzt dfqn] :ki6 ¿kdf pgLx¿ JolQmut ¿kdf uDeL/ kL8f / jt{dfg n8fs'x¿dWo] kfFr k|ltzt dfqn] :ki6 ¿kdf pgLx¿ JolQmut ¿kdf uDeL/ kL8f / l8k|];gaf6 kLl8t ePsf] / k/fdz{sf] cfjZostf ePsf] atfPsf lyP . o;f] eP tfklg cGo l8k|];gaf6 kLl8t ePsf] / k/fdz{sf] cfjZostf ePsf] atfPsf lyP . o;f] eP tfklg cGo d'n'ssf cg'ejx¿ tyf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu dgf];fdflhs ljdz{ ;]jf pknAw d'n'ssf cg'ejx¿ tyf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu dgf];fdflhs ljdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fO/x]sf ;+:yfx¿af6 k|fKt k|ltls|ofx¿ -lkm8Aofs_ sf cfwf/df åGå ;DalGwt uDeL/ kL8f u/fO/x]sf ;+:yfx¿af6 k|fKt k|ltls|ofx¿ -lkm8Aofs_ sf cfwf/df åGå ;DalGwt uDeL/ kL8f tyf l8k|];gaf6 kLl8t x'g]x¿sf] cg'kft w]/} a9L x'g ;S5 -v08 @=@=#=$_ . tyf l8k|];gaf6 kLl8t x'g]x¿sf] cg'kft w]/} a9L x'g ;S5 -v08 @=@=#=$_ .

sltko jt{dfg tyf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L dlxnf_ n] ljz]if u/L åGåsfn tyf sltko jt{dfg tyf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L dlxnf_ n] ljz]if u/L åGåsfn tyf

XX ;femf ynf] <

#^ of] lsg klg x'g ;S5 eg] ;]jf k|bfosx¿ / ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿nfO{ kL8fdf lbOg] dgf]ljdz{ ;]jfaf/] 7Ls hfgsf/L 5}g . lsgeg] of] ;]jf k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmddf ev}/} dfq ylkPsf] 5 -x]g'{xf];\ cg';"lr !_ .

åGåf]Q/ sfndf of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f kLl8t -vf;u/L dlxnf_ ePsfn] åGåf]Q/ sfndf of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f kLl8t -vf;u/L dlxnf_ ePsfn] hah{:tL cGthf{tLo lax] u/fOPsf] / cGthf{tLo lax] u/]sf] sf/0fn] kl/jf/af6 c:jLsf/ hah{:tL cGthf{tLo lax] u/fOPsf] / cGthf{tLo lax] u/]sf] sf/0fn] kl/jf/af6 c:jLsf/ ul/gfn] -vf;u/L dlxnf_, dfcf]jfbL ;]gfaf6 Toflug] / PSNofOg] cg'ej ePsfn] / gful/s ul/gfn] -vf;u/L dlxnf_, dfcf]jfbL ;]gfaf6 Toflug] / PSNofOg] cg'ej ePsfn] / gful/s hLjgdf Psfsf/ x'g sl7gfO{ ePsf], c;kmn ePsf] clg ;fdflhs cfly{s jlxis/0fsf -k'?if hLjgdf Psfsf/ x'g sl7gfO{ ePsf], c;kmn ePsf] clg ;fdflhs cfly{s jlxis/0fsf -k'?if / dlxnf_ sf/0f cfk"mx¿nfO{ dgf];fdflhs x]/rfx k'¥ofpg' kg]{ atfPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=$_ . / dlxnf_ sf/0f cfk"mx¿nfO{ dgf];fdflhs x]/rfx k'¥ofpg' kg]{ atfPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=$_ . gful/s hLjgdf kms{g nfu]sf jt{dfg k'?if / dlxnf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] l8k|];g em]Ng' kg]{ / gful/s hLjgdf kms{g nfu]sf jt{dfg k'?if / dlxnf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] l8k|];g em]Ng' kg]{ / dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u cfjZos ePsf] tYo k|foMh;f] l8k|];g / b'bf{Gt kL8f em]n]sf ljbf ul/Psf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u cfjZos ePsf] tYo k|foMh;f] l8k|];g / b'bf{Gt kL8f em]n]sf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ -ljz]if u/L gjo'jf k'?ifx¿_ n] cg'ej u/]sf r'gf}ltaf6 l;lsPsf] lyof] -cg';"lr !_.n8fs'x¿ -ljz]if u/L gjo'jf k'?ifx¿_ n] cg'ej u/]sf r'gf}ltaf6 l;lsPsf] lyof] -cg';"lr !_.

;]jf k|bfosx¿ tyf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ;xefuL ePsf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿;Fu 5nkmn ;]jf k|bfosx¿ tyf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ;xefuL ePsf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿;Fu 5nkmn ubf{ pgLx¿n] uDeL/ kL8fsf] cj:yfdf If]qLo s]Gb|af6 kfPsf] k/fdz{ ;]jfaf6 pNn]vgLo ubf{ pgLx¿n] uDeL/ kL8fsf] cj:yfdf If]qLo s]Gb|af6 kfPsf] k/fdz{ ;]jfaf6 pNn]vgLo ;+Vofsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ To:tf ;]jf lng lgs} 6f9fsf] ofqf ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] ;]jfsf] pkof]u ug{ ;+Vofsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ To:tf ;]jf lng lgs} 6f9fsf] ofqf ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] ;]jfsf] pkof]u ug{ gkfPsf] atfP -cg';"lr !_gkfPsf] atfP -cg';"lr !_#^ .

� åGåsfn tyf åGåf]Q/ sfndf v]Kg' k/]sf] uDeL/ kL8fsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg gul/Psf v08df o;n] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf cGo ;a} kIfx¿nfO{ uf}0f t'Nofpg] vt/f /xG5 . o;sf ;fy} dgf];fdflhs cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg gug]{ 3/ kms{g] n8fs'x¿, ltgnfO{ leq\ofpg] ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] 3/]n' tyf ;fd'bflos ;'/IffnfO{ r'gf}lt lbg ;Qm5g\ . vf;u/L åGåkl5sf] kl/l:ylt ;Daf]wg gul/Psf] dgf];fdflhs kL8f w]/} hf]lvdk"0f{ x'G5 / k'?if cx+sf] sf/0fn] kL8f k/fdz{ lng glbg], /S;Lsf] nt a9\g], of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf] vt/f a9\g] / pgLx¿sf] ;d'bfodf ;fdfGo lx+;f rs{g] ;Defjgf x'G5 -v08 #=#=(=#_. o;n] dlxnfnfO{ a9L cfjZos /x]sf] s'/fnfO{ b[li6 lbb} k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a}nfO{ plQs} dgf];fdflhs ljdz{ ;]jfdf s]lGb|t ug'{ cfjZos 5 eGg]df hf]8 lbG5 . :yfgLo :t/df lgDgfg';f/sf dgf];fdflhs ljdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg' k5{M

�� ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{dfsf] r/0fdf nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf ;d'bfon] åGåsfndf u/]sf cg'ej kQf nufpg / ;dfwfg ug]{ k|of; gePsf b'bf{Gt kL8fsf dfdnf tyf ltgsf] dfqfsf] d"Nofª\sg ug{ dgf];fdflhs cfjZostfsf] klxrfg ug'{kb{5 . o;n] ;d'bfosf] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] k'g/fudgnfO{ krfpg ;Sg]] Ifdtfsf] ;ª\s]t ug{'sf ;fy} ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgsf] cª\usf ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ åGå;Fu ;DalGwt kL8fsf] Joj:yfkg tyf d]nldnfksf lqmofsnfkx¿sf k|sf/ / txtkm{ klg cf}+NofpF5 -v08 #=#=*=$_ .

�� ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fsf] z'?df t/ k"/} k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofe/ g} hf/L /xg] u/L 3/ kms{g] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ -vf; u/L k'?if, dfly x]g'{xf];\_ dfem dgf];fdflhs kL8f kL8fn] pTkGg ug]{ c;/df hf]8 lbgsf nflu hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 . 3/ kms{g] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] b]vfpg ;Sg] vf; u/L k'?ifx¿df b]lvg] kL8fsf nIf0f;Fu ufFl;Psf nHhf jf ;+sf]r sd ug{ / ;dembf/L a9fpgsf nflu -v08 #=#=*=$ / #=#=(=#_ o:tf] hg r]tgf cfjZos x'G5 . sfof{Gjog r/0fdf o:tf lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿n] lhNnf cg'udg clws[tx¿;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L lg/Gt/tf lbg ;Qm5g\ .

�� sfof{Gjog r/0fdf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu k/fdz{ ;]jfdf kx'Fr /x]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ :yfgLo :t/df -nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf_ JolQmut tyf ;fd'lxs k/fdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . o;sf nflu nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf k|To]s lhNnfdf Pshgf dgf]ljdz{stf{ /flvg'kb{5 . ;]jfsf k|ofustf{n] x]lkPsf] jf nlHht ePsf] cg'ej sd ug{sf nflu ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf k/fdz{ lng] xf] ls dgf]ljdz{stf{ g} pgLx¿sf] 3/3/df cfpg] xf] To;sf] 5gf]6 ug'{kb{5 . o:tf ;]jf Jofks hg;d'bfo tyf k"j{ of]Uo n8fssf aLr pTkGg x'g ;Sg] tgfj kG5fpg tyf t6:ytf sfod ug{ k"j{ ;'/IffsdL{ tyf ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;dfg ¿kdf pknAw x'g'kb{5 -v08 #=#=(=#_.

�� s'g} JolQmsf cufl8 k/fdz{ lng g?rfpg] 3/ kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿, k"j{ ;'/Iff lgsfo sd{rf/L tyf hg;d"xsf nflu uf]Ko jf s'g} vf; dgf];fdflhs ljdz{sf nflu Pp6f lgMz'Ns 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf -6f]n—k|mL_ :yfkgf ug'{k5{ . of] vf;u/L k'?ifx¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg tyf ;]jfdf pgLx¿sf] kx'Fr a9fpgsf nflu cfjZos 5 -v08 #=#=(=#_ .

jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿dWo] s/La ̂ ) k|ltztn], vf;u/L dlxnf / 3fOt]÷ckfª\u ePsf jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿dWo] s/La ̂ ) k|ltztn], vf;u/L dlxnf / 3fOt]÷ckfª\u ePsf n8fs'x¿n], cfk"mx¿ :jf:Yo ;d:ofdf k/]sf] x'gfn] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf To; ;d:ofsf] n8fs'x¿n], cfk"mx¿ :jf:Yo ;d:ofdf k/]sf] x'gfn] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf To; ;d:ofsf] ;Daf]wg ePsf] x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf] b'O{ ltxfO -ljz]if u/L afnaRrf ;Daf]wg ePsf] x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf] b'O{ ltxfO -ljz]if u/L afnaRrf ePsf / afnaRrf gePsfx¿ klg_ n] åGåsfndf 3fOt] ePsf] / k|hgg :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr ePsf / afnaRrf gePsfx¿ klg_ n] åGåsfndf 3fOt] ePsf] / k|hgg :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr

;]km/jN8{ XXIXXI

#& o'Pg\cfOcf/kLn] xfn} k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿df ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿nfO{ :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;]jfdf yf]/} dfqfdf dfq hfg] Joj:yf yk u/]sf] 5 . o;f] eP tfklg of] ;]jf JolQmsf ;d:of ljz]ifsf nflu dfq pknAw 5 / Kofs]hx¿df bL3{sfnLg :jf:Yo ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu s'g} ;xof]u ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g -cg';"lr !_ .

#* …;fd'bflos ;'/IffÚ zAbfjnLsf] k|of]usf] JofVofsf nflu dflysf] kl/efiff v08 x]g'{xf];\ .

gePsfn] 3fp emg\ aNem]sf] atfPsf lyP . ;a} 3fOt]÷ckfª\u jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ gePsfn] 3fp emg\ aNem]sf] atfPsf lyP . ;a} 3fOt]÷ckfª\u jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] kof{Kt dfqfdf :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr gePsf] s'/f p7fpFb} w]/}n] åGåsfndf -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] kof{Kt dfqfdf :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr gePsf] s'/f p7fpFb} w]/}n] åGåsfndf pTkGg ePsf bL3{sfnLg :jf:Yo ;d:of lg/fs/0f ug{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{pTkGg ePsf bL3{sfnLg :jf:Yo ;d:of lg/fs/0f ug{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{#&#& Ps k|d'v sfo{qmdsf ¿kdf /flvg' cfjZos ePsf] atfP . Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf tyf Ps k|d'v sfo{qmdsf ¿kdf /flvg' cfjZos ePsf] atfP . Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf tyf 3fOt]÷ckfª\u jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] pgLx¿sf] b}lgs hLjgsf ljleGg kIfx¿df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg 3fOt]÷ckfª\u jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] pgLx¿sf] b}lgs hLjgsf ljleGg kIfx¿df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg k'g:yf{kg s]Gb|x¿sf] :yfkgfsf ;fy} oftfoft tyf :jf:Yo ;]jfdf 5'6 kfpgsf nflu kl/ro k'g:yf{kg s]Gb|x¿sf] :yfkgfsf ;fy} oftfoft tyf :jf:Yo ;]jfdf 5'6 kfpgsf nflu kl/ro kqsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf lyP -v08 @=@=#=$_ .kqsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf lyP -v08 @=@=#=$_ .

� jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'g:yf{lkt x'g]_ sf] :jf:Yo cfjZostfnfO{ ltgsf ljleGg km/s cfjZostf ;Daf]wg ug{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ;dfj]z ug{'kg]{ :jf:Yo ;]jf ;xof]u -v08 #=#=*=#_ sf] d"Nofª\sgnfO{ ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f ;+sngsf] Ps efusf ¿kdf -dfly / v08 #=#=*=!_ lnOg' kb{5 .

� kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'sf ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fdf ul/Psf] ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f ;+sngaf6 klxrfg ul/Psf :jf:Yo cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{] qmddf nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf /x]sf :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg'kb{5 . o;sf nflu d'Vo ¿kdf, ;d'bfodf tgfj tyf Oiof{ pTkGg x'g] lsl;dn] k"j{ n8fs'sf nflu cNksfnLg k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf c+zsf ¿kdf :jf:Yo ;]jf lbg'sf] ;f6f] :yfgLo :t/df ;a} k|sf/sf :jf:Yo ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg] lsl;dn] /fli6«o :jf:Yo If]qsf] bL3{sfnLg Ifdtf ;'b[9 t'Nofpg' kb{5 . o;f] eP tfklg åGåsf sf/0fn] bL3{sfnLg :jf:Yo ;d:ofaf6 kLl8t /x]sf / k|fyldstf lbP/ ;Daf]wg ug'{kg]{ t/ o:tf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] bL3{sfnLg ;]jf Ifdtf a9fo'~h]n;Dd kv{g g;Sg] k"j{ -of]Uo, ljbf ul/Psf / :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_ n8fs', k"j{ ;'/IffsdL{ tyf ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿sf] ;+Vof lgs} a9L 5 . ctM ;DalGwt :yfgLo tyf /fli6«o dGqfno÷ljefux¿n] ;dGjo ug]{ tyf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] ;xof]u k|fKt x'g] o:tf ljz]if1 :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf åGå;DalGwt bL3{sfnLg :jf:Yo ;]jf lbg] lsl;dn] :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+/rgfdf :yflkt ug'{kb{5 - v08 #=#=(=#_ .

� 3fOt]÷ckfª\u k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ oftfoft tyf :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;xfotf k'¥ofpg kl/ro—kq pknAw u/fpg] of]hgf :yfkgf ug'{kb{5 . kl/ro—kqsf] Joj:yf tyf o:tf ;]jfsf] cg'udg s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/, :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfo tyf gful/s ;dfhsf sfo{stf{x¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{df lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[t tyf lhNnf cg'udg clws[tsf] ;+of]hgdf ul/g' kb{5 .

� 3fOt]÷ckfª\u k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ lzlj/ /x]sf ;'b"/ :yfgaf6 ofqf ug{ sl7gfO{ x'g] cj:yfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL 3fOt]÷ckfª\u k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ vf;u/L lzlj/ /x]sf lhNnf / ;fdfGotof nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf k'g:yf{kg s]Gb| :yfkgf ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf s]Gb|x¿n] ;'xfpFbf] /f]huf/df kx'Fr /fVgsf nflu dfu{bz{g lbg'sf ;fy} /xg]a:g] k|aGw, vfglkgsf] Joj:yf tyf :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . oL ;]jfx¿n] pTkGg x'g ;Sg] tgfj kG5fpg tyf t6:ytf sfod ug{ 3fOt]÷ckfª\u k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ / o:t} k|sf/sf r'gf}ltaf6 kLl8t k"j{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/LnfO{ klg ;dfg ?kn] nfe k'¥ofPsf] x'g'kb{5 -v08 #=#=(=#_ .

;fd'bflos ;'/Iff ;fd'bflos ;'/Iff#*

;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, / ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿n] k'g:yf{kgn] ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, / ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿n] k'g:yf{kgn] ;d'bfosf] ;'/IffnfO{ xfgL k'¥ofpg] / lx+;fsf] vt/f a9fpg]af/] rf;f] JoQm u/] . kms{g] k"j{ of]Uo ;d'bfosf] ;'/IffnfO{ xfgL k'¥ofpg] / lx+;fsf] vt/f a9fpg]af/] rf;f] JoQm u/] . kms{g] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ cfk/flws / lx+;fTds ultljlwdf nfUg] / k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ tyf ;d'bfox¿ / jf n8fs'x¿ cfk/flws / lx+;fTds ultljlwdf nfUg] / k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ tyf ;d'bfox¿ / jf /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf aLr tgfj a9\g] ;Defjgfsf sf/0f o:tf] vt/f b]lvPsf] atfOPsf] /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf aLr tgfj a9\g] ;Defjgfsf sf/0f o:tf] vt/f b]lvPsf] atfOPsf] lyof] . k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ -ljbf ePsf jf :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sfx¿_ nfO{ km]l/ leq\ofpgdf lyof] . k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ -ljbf ePsf jf :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sfx¿_ nfO{ km]l/ leq\ofpgdf To:tf] ;+sf]r vf;u/L åGå sfndf dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ultljlwaf6 clt k|efljt To:tf] ;+sf]r vf;u/L åGå sfndf dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ultljlwaf6 clt k|efljt ;d'bfodf b]lvPsf] lyof] . p;f] t clwsf+z ;d'bfo -;a} 7fpF_ sf ;b:ox¿ k'g:yf{kg k|lqmof ;d'bfodf b]lvPsf] lyof] . p;f] t clwsf+z ;d'bfo -;a} 7fpF_ sf ;b:ox¿ k'g:yf{kg k|lqmof ;du| zflGt k|lqmofs} cljefHo cª\u ePsf] x'gfn] o;df ;xof]uL kfOPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=%_ . ;du| zflGt k|lqmofs} cljefHo cª\u ePsf] x'gfn] o;df ;xof]uL kfOPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=%_ .

k|fylds rfxgf zflGtk"0f{ eljio x'Fbfx'Fb} klg *) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] k|fylds rfxgf zflGtk"0f{ eljio x'Fbfx'Fb} klg *) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] :yfoL cfDbfgLsf] Joj:yf ug{] ;Gbe{df ;'xfpFbf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lbOPg eg] pgLx¿n] cfˆg} :yfoL cfDbfgLsf] Joj:yf ug{] ;Gbe{df ;'xfpFbf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lbOPg eg] pgLx¿n] cfˆg} cfk/flws ;d"x agfP/ jf of]ª sDo'lgi6 nLudf nfu]/ xltof/ / lx+;fdf kms{g afWo x'g ;Sg] cfk/flws ;d"x agfP/ jf of]ª sDo'lgi6 nLudf nfu]/ xltof/ / lx+;fdf kms{g afWo x'g ;Sg] atfP . of] vt/fsf ;fIo k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf cg'ej / b[li6sf]0f /x]sf lyP M t/fO{df cGtjf{tf{ atfP . of] vt/fsf ;fIo k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf cg'ej / b[li6sf]0f /x]sf lyP M t/fO{df cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf / d"n ?kdf ;'b"/ tyf dWo klZrd If]qaf6 cfPsf ljbf ul/Psf -kl5 egf{ ul/Psfsf] lnOPsf / d"n ?kdf ;'b"/ tyf dWo klZrd If]qaf6 cfPsf ljbf ul/Psf -kl5 egf{ ul/Psfsf]

XXII ;femf ynf] <

ljk/Lt vf; u/L o'jf k'?if_ n8fs'x¿n] gful/s hLjgdf kms{gsf nflu pgLx¿n] v]Kg' k/]sf] ljk/Lt vf; u/L o'jf k'?if_ n8fs'x¿n] gful/s hLjgdf kms{gsf nflu pgLx¿n] v]Kg' k/]sf] r'gf}ltsf] kmn:j?k xfn cfk/flws ;d"x agfpg] jf cGo cfk/flws ;d"xdf hf]l8g] / lx+;fdf r'gf}ltsf] kmn:j?k xfn cfk/flws ;d"x agfpg] jf cGo cfk/flws ;d"xdf hf]l8g] / lx+;fdf kms{g] ljrf/ ul//x]sf] s'/f pNn]v u/] . cem o;eGbf a9L, w]/} ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / ;a} kms{g] ljrf/ ul//x]sf] s'/f pNn]v u/] . cem o;eGbf a9L, w]/} ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿n] k'g:yf{kg z'? ePkl5 tgfjsf] ;Defjgf a9]sf]tkm{ rf;f] JoQm u/] . /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿n] k'g:yf{kg z'? ePkl5 tgfjsf] ;Defjgf a9]sf]tkm{ rf;f] JoQm u/] . pgLx¿n] o;af6 ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iffdf c;/ kfg{ ;Sg] atfpFb} ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ s;/L pgLx¿n] o;af6 ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iffdf c;/ kfg{ ;Sg] atfpFb} ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ s;/L t/fO{ If]qdf cfk/flws tyf cGo lx+;fTds ultljlwdf nflu;s]sf 5g\ eGg] b[i6fGt klg k|:t't t/fO{ If]qdf cfk/flws tyf cGo lx+;fTds ultljlwdf nflu;s]sf 5g\ eGg] b[i6fGt klg k|:t't u/] -v08 @=@=#=%_ .u/] -v08 @=@=#=%_ .

� ;fd'bflos ;'/Iff ;+jfb ;+oGq :yfkgf ug'{k5{ -x]g'[xf];\ dflysf] ;dfof]hg v08 / v08 #=@=@==!_ .

� ;ª\qmd0f r/0fsf] z'?df t/ k"/} k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofe/ g} hf/L /xg] u/L nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ -ljz]if u/L :yfgLo :t/df ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{df k|ToIf e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L an_ nfO{ …;+j]bLs/0f tyf dWo:ytf ug]{ tflndÚ lbg'kb{5 . o:tf tflndn] lhNnf cg'udg clws[t tyf ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldlt;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ljZjf; lgdf{0f, Ifdf lbg] k|j[lQsf] k|j4{g / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿nfO{ vf; u/L ;d'bfodf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ ;+nUg ePsf åGåsf 36gfx¿df sfjf{xLdf pqFbf t6:y, ;+j]bgzLn / clx+;|s pkfo cjnDag ug{ ;xhLs/0fsf nflu Ifdtf a9fpg] sfddf d2t k'¥ofpg] 5 -of] l;kmfl/z ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg b'a};Fu ;DalGwt 5—x]g'{xf];\ k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL v08 #=#=*=# / #=#=(=@ tyf ;dfof]hg ;DaGwL v08 #=@=@=!_ . o:tf dWo:ytf tflndsf ;xefuLx¿n] ;'/Iff lgsfoleq ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf sf/0fn] pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ljjfbsf dfdnfdf dWo:ytf ug{sf nflu lhDd]jf/ …dWo:ystf{ sfo{ bnÚ agfpg]5g\ -v08 #=@=@=!_ .

w]/} ;d'bfosf ;b:o tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] cfly{s cj;/x¿sf] k|fjwfgn] ;d'bfosf] w]/} ;d'bfosf ;b:o tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] cfly{s cj;/x¿sf] k|fjwfgn] ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iff tyf d]nldnfknfO{ lgs} /fd|f] tl/sfn] k|j4{g ug'{ kg]{ 7fg]sf 5g\ lsgeg] o;n] k"j{ of]Uo ;'/Iff tyf d]nldnfknfO{ lgs} /fd|f] tl/sfn] k|j4{g ug'{ kg]{ 7fg]sf 5g\ lsgeg] o;n] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿k|ltsf] ;fdflhs cfb/efjnfO{ ;dflxt ug{ ;Qm5 . o;n] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ n8fs'x¿k|ltsf] ;fdflhs cfb/efjnfO{ ;dflxt ug{ ;Qm5 . o;n] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;d]6\t} pgLx¿ :jo+ / ltgsf kl/jf/x¿nfO{ hLjg rnfpgsf nflu ;|f]t ;fwg ;d]t pknAw ;d]6\t} pgLx¿ :jo+ / ltgsf kl/jf/x¿nfO{ hLjg rnfpgsf nflu ;|f]t ;fwg ;d]t pknAw u/fpF5 -v08 @=@=#=%_ .u/fpF5 -v08 @=@=#=%_ .

k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] cy{k"0f{ /f]huf/L kfpg ;s"g\ egL ;'lglZrt ug{' k'g:yf{kgsf] ;'/Iff k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] cy{k"0f{ /f]huf/L kfpg ;s"g\ egL ;'lglZrt ug{' k'g:yf{kgsf] ;'/Iff vt/fsf] Go"gLs/0fsf nflu cToGt k|efjsf/L pkfox¿dWo] Ps xf] -x]g'{xf];\ cfly{s k'g:yf{kg vt/fsf] Go"gLs/0fsf nflu cToGt k|efjsf/L pkfox¿dWo] Ps xf] -x]g'{xf];\ cfly{s k'g:yf{kg v08_ . t/ o:tf] /f]huf/Ln] pgLx¿ / pgLx¿sf kl/jf/n] grfxFbf grfxFb} klg k"j{ of]Uo n8fs' v08_ . t/ o:tf] /f]huf/Ln] pgLx¿ / pgLx¿sf kl/jf/n] grfxFbf grfxFb} klg k"j{ of]Uo n8fs' / ;d'bfosf aLr b'ZdgL pTkGg x'g ;Sg] lsl;dn] kIfkftk"0f{ cj:yf ;d]t l;h{gf ug{ ;Qm5 / ;d'bfosf aLr b'ZdgL pTkGg x'g ;Sg] lsl;dn] kIfkftk"0f{ cj:yf ;d]t l;h{gf ug{ ;Qm5 eGg] s'/f klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ 5 -v08 #=#=%_ .eGg] s'/f klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ 5 -v08 #=#=%_ .

#( ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf cfGtl/s b:tfj]hx¿ tyf cgldgn] k|df0fLs/0f u/]sf] tYofª\ssf] glthfsf ¿kdf o'Pg\cfOcf/kLsf sd{rf/Ln] df}lvs ¿kdf lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] clxn]sf] ;+Vof !(,^)@ -@))& df lnOPsf]_ /x]sf] 5 .

$) pTs[i6 cGt/f{li6«o cEof;sf cfwf/df, ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgnfO{ Jofks lgMz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng tyf k'g;{dfof]hg -8L8Lcf/_ sfo{qmdsf] Ps efusf ¿kdf lng' kb{5 h;n] ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] kl/rfng gug]{ ljifonfO{ Joj:yfkg ub{5 / ÷jf h'g Jofks ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ -P;\P;\cf/_ sfo{qmdsf Ps k|d'v tTj;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . o;f] eP tfklg g]kfnsf] kl/l:yltdf ;a} kIfsf nflu lgMz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng tyf k'g;{dfof]hg -8L8Lcf/_ / Jofks ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ -P;\P;\cf/_ ;+j]bgzLn dflgPsf 5}gg\ / To;}n] o; k|ltj]bgdf ltgsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5}g . k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg eGg] zAbx¿ qmdzM gful/s hLjgdf kms{g] / /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;dfof]hg x'g] cy{ hgfpg k|of]u ul/Psf 5g\ . ;fy} o; k|ltj]bgsf n]vsx¿ tyf 5nkmndf ;xefuL ePsf w]/} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgdf lj:t[t / ;du| b[li6sf]0f agfpg' cfjZos 5 eGg] s'/fdf ;xdt 5g\ .

$! @))^ sf] d] @^ tfl/vdf g]kfnL ;]gf / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf aLr 3f]if0ff ePsf] klxnf]] o'4lj/fdkl5 jf !* jif{ pd]/ k'Ug'cl3 etL{ ePsf dflg; . $@ rf/ xhf/ * hgfdWo]sf @ xhf/ # ;o ($ hgf ljbfO{ ;df/f]xdf pkl:yt ePsf / afFsL ! xhf/ ̂ ;o !$ hgf -;+/f;+af6 …gb]lvPsfÚ egL juL{s[t_

klxNo} lzlj/ 5f8L uO;s]sf egL dflgPsf -;+/f;+ljsf @)!)_ . $# åGå ;+j]bgzLn eGg] zAbfjnLsf] k|of]u ;DaGwL JofVof kl/efiff ;DaGwL v08df x]g'{xf];\ . $$ n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn eGg] zAbfjnLsf] k|of]u ;DaGwL JofVof kl/efiff ;DaGwL v08df x]g'{xf];\ . $% /fhgLlts ;Gbe{df yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu P;P;cf/ P08 Oy\lgs kf]lnl6sn EjfOn]G; Og\ g]kfn, x]g'{xf];\M xfp:8g cf], …g]kfn\; On'l;e lk;Ú, ¥jfon

o'gfO6]8 ;le;]; OlG:6Ro'6 km/\ l8km]G; P08 ;]So'l/6L :68Lh hg{n, ef]No'd !%% -@_, clk|n÷d] @)!), k[ &)–&& . ;'/Iff / Gofosf ;DaGwdf g]kfnsf hgtfsf wf/0ff;DaGwL yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu, x]g'{xf];\M ;]km/jN8{ -@)!)_, l6«l8ª jf6/ < ;]So'l/6L P08 hl:6; Og\ g]kfn Og @))(, http://www.saferworld.org.uk/Treading%20water%20reduced.pdf.

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!(() df k|hftGqdf ;+qmd0f u/]kl5!(() df k|hftGqdf ;+qmd0f u/]kl5 g]kfnn] lgs} /fhgLlts tyf ;fdflhs lx+;fsf] ;fdgf u/]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLx¿n] !((^ b]lv @))^ ;Dd /fHosf lj?4 qmflGt 5]8]kl5 d'n's u[xo'4df km:of] . Tof] åGå o'4/t kIfx¿sf aLr @))^ sf] gf]e]Da/ dxLgfdf lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf x:tfI/ u/]kl5 ;dfKt eof] . h] eP klg k"j{ dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLx¿ nufotsf d'Vo /fhgLlts bnx¿ ;Demf}tfdf k'Ug c;kmn x'gfn] zflGt k|lqmofsf d'Vo kIfx¿df k|ult ug{ /f]sfj6 eof] . jf:tjdf gofF ;+ljwfg d:of}bf ug]{ clGtd Dofb @)!) sf] d] @* tf/Lv klg u'h|g k'Uof] / @)!! sf] !# clk|n;Dd g]kfn km]l/ /fhgLlts ;ª\s6sf] clglZrttfdf /xg k'Uof] .

kmn:j?k, lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] wf/f $=$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿#(#( sf] ;dfof]hg tyf k"j{ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] gful/s hLjgdf k'g:yf{kgsf] sfd Psbd} dGb ultdf rn]sf] 5 .$)$) @)!) sf] km]a'|c/L dxLgf;Dd g]kfnsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo ld;g -cgldg_ n] :yfkgf u/]sf dfkb08$!$! k"/f ug{ g;s]sf ;a} $,))* hgfnfO{ ljbf ul/of] .$@$@ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf !( xhf/ ̂ ;o @ hgf of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ g]kfnsf kfFr ljsf; If]qsf ;ftj6f d'Vo lzlj/ / @! j6f pklzlj/df 5/]/ /flvof] . ;kmn k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg PsLs[t g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ nufotsf ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿ / /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf aLrsf] /fhgLlts ;xdlt / ;+sNkdf e/ kb{5 . ;kmntf eGg] s'/f ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdfdf l;lsPsf kf7x¿ cg's"n sfd u/]/ klg lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 . tL of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ cem rf/ jif{;Dd SofG6f]gd]06d} /fv]/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts lzIff lbg] sfd tyf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf tflnd kfPsf / /fhgLlts ¿kdf ;r]t dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{nfO{ cfˆgf] ;d"xdf etL{ ug{ pT;'s a9\bf] ;+Vofsf gofF hftLo— /fhgLlts / cfk/flws ;d"xx¿n] k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgnfO{ emg\ hl6n agfOlbPsf 5g\ . o;}n] ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgnfO{ of]Uo -/ ljbf ul/Psf_ dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg ¿kdf_, ;d'bfox¿, /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿, / /fhgLlts bnsf ljleGg cfjZostf tyf rf;f]x¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu åGå ;+j]bgzLn$#$# tyf n]}+lus b[li6n] ;+j]bgzLn$$$$ agfOPg eg] o;n] åGåsf] ultnfO{ ;3g agfpg / lx+;fsf] vt/fnfO{ lgDTofpg ;S5 . o; cg';Gwfg kl/of]hgfn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf_ nfO{ gful/s hLjgdf k'g:yf{kg /÷jf /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;dfof]hg ug]{ ;DaGwdf ltgsf ljleGg cfjZostf, rf;f] / k|fyldstf klxrfg ug{ vf]h]sf] 5 .$%$%

g]kfn ;Gbe{ g]kfn ;Gbe{

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o; kl/of]hgfsf] d'Vo nIo of]Uo÷5gf]6 x'g' kg]{ n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgsf] n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjog ug{sf ;fy} o; k|lqmofdf d2t k'¥ofpgsf nflu ;d'bfo, :yfgLo clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfo / ;'/Iff lgsfosf ;Defljt e"ldsf kQf nufpg ;xof]u ug'{ xf] . l;kmfl/zx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ljz]if u/L sf] sf] lhDd]jf/ 5g\ eGg] yfxf kfpgsf nflu pko'Qm :yfgdf ;'emfjx¿ lbOPsf 5g\ .

o; k|ltj]bgsf nflu ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg rf/ d'Vo If]q kl/;/df ;DkGg ul/Psf lyP, k|To]s If]q kl/;/df o; cg';Gwfgsf] p2]Zo cg'?ksf ljleGg nlIft ;d"xx¿sf b[li6sf]0f / pgLx¿n] atfPsf kl/l:yltnfO{ ;d]6\g] s'/fdf s]lGb|t ul/Psf] lyof] .

� If]q kl/;/ !If]q kl/;/ ! k'?if tyf dlxnf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿sf ljrf/ / pgLx¿n] a'em]sf] kl/l:yltnfO{ clen]v ug{df hf]8 lbOPsf] .$^$^

� If]q kl/;/ @If]q kl/;/ @ k"j{ n8fs'x¿$&$& nufot ljbf ul/Psf$*$* n8fs'x¿ / cfˆg} OR5fn] 5f8L uPsf -:j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sfx¿$($(_ sf b[li6sf]0f tyf pgLx¿n] u/]sf cg'ejx¿af6 l;lsPsf kf7x¿ ;d]6\gdf hf]8 lbOPsf] .

� If]q kl/;/ #If]q kl/;/ # jt{dfg -tyf k"j{_ n8fs'sf] k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hgsf af/]df ;d'bfosf ljrf/ / pgLx¿n] a'em]sf] kl/l:ylt / s;/L k'?if / dlxnfsf af/]df of] km/s x'G5 egL klxrfg ug{df hf]8 lbOPsf] .

� If]q kl/;/ $If]q kl/;/ $ jt{dfg n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hgsf af/]df ;'/Iff lgsfo / /fhgLlts bnx¿%)%) sf ljrf/nfO{ lj:t[t ¿kdf lngdf hf]8 lbOPsf] .

oxfF ;dfj]z ul/Psf ;"rgfx¿ @)!) sf] km]a|'c/L !^ b]lv cu:t @) ;Dd Onfd, s}nfnL, ;'v]{t, l;Gw'nL / gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf Sofg6f]gd]06x¿df / ;d'bfodf%!%! tyf yk emfkf, bfª, alb{of, afFs], l;Gw'kfNrf]s, dsjfgk'/, df]/ª, /f]Nkf / sf7df8f}+sf ;d'bfodf ;DkGg ul/Psf] cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t 5g\ . o;df nlIft ;d"xx¿;Fu ul/Psf ;d"x 5nkmn, jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿;Fu Ps Ps hgf u/L lnOPsf cGtjf{tf{, /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf, lzIfsx¿, ;fdflhs sfo{stf{, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / lghL If]q tyf gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox¿, :yfgLo tyf /fli6«o :t/df ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu ;~rflnt k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf ;]jf k|bfg ug{df ;+nUg lgsfo ÷;+:yfx¿sf d'Vo d'Vo hfgsf/x¿;Fu lj:t[t?kdf lnOPsf cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf ;+sng ul/Psf ;"rgfx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . k"j{ n8fs'x¿ tyf ltgnfO{ leq\ofpg] ;d'bfox¿nfO{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf ljleGg kIfx¿nfO{ ;';"lrt ug{ l;lsPsf d'Vo d'Vo kf7x¿ klxrfg ug]{ qmddf 5nkmn ug{sf nflu ;Dks{ ul/Psf] lyof] . -…ljbf ul/PsfÚ n8fs'x¿sf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«+3Lo cGt/–lgsfo -Ph]G;L_ k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd -o'Pg\cfOcf/kL_ o; kl/of]hgfsf] cg';Gwfg r/0fdf sfof{gjog ug{ yflnPsf]n] of] k|ltj]bg klg To; sfo{qmdsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf l;lsPsf kf7x¿af6 nfeflGjt ePsf] 5 .%@%@ o; kf7 l;sfO{ k|lqmofsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr ! df x]g'{xf];\ . _

cg';Gwfg ljlw of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lhNff] x'g] u/L xf]lzof/Lk"j{s 5'§f5'§} ?k/]vfdf tof/ -l8hfOg_ ul/Psf] 5 . lgs} 7"nf] ;+Vofdf cg';Gwfg lqmofsnfkx¿ ;DkGg ul/Psf] xF'bf cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsfx¿;Fusf] ljZjf; sfod ug{ k|fydstf lbb} kl/df0fdf geO{ u'0fjQfdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .

$^ …xfnsf n8fs'Ú sf] k|of]u;DaGwL JofVof dflyNnf] v08sf] kl/efiffdf x]g'{xf];\ . $& …k"j{ n8fs'Ú sf] k|of]u;DaGwL JofVof dflyNnf] v08sf] kl/efiffdf x]g'{xf];\ . $* …ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'Ú sf] k|of]u;DaGwL JofVof dflyNnf] v08sf] kl/efiffdf x]g'{xf];\ . $( …:j]lR5s tj/n] 5f]8]sf n8fs'Ú sf] k|of]u;DaGwL JofVof dflyNnf] v08sf] kl/efiffdf x]g'{xf];\ . %) o; k|ltj]bgdf /flvPsf /fhgLlts bnx¿sf wf/0ffsf s]xL dfdnfdf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf c8fg kl/jt{g ePsf x'g ;S5g\ t/ oL wf/0ff

cg';Gwfgsf a]nf JoQm ul/Psf x'g\ . %! cg';Gwfgdf 5nkmn ul/Psf ;d'bfox¿df !_ SofG6f]gd]06 /x]sf lhNnfsf ;d'bfo @_ ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ kms]{sf] tYofª\ssf cfwf/df 5gf]6 ul/Psf

k"j{ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ kms{g ;Sg] w]/}h;f] 7fpF #_ a9Lh;f] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs' hxfFaf6 cfPsf lyP tL 7fpF h:t} dWo tyf ;'b"/ klZrdsf kxf8L If]q . vf; vf; klxrfg ePsf ljifo vf; vf; ;d'bfo;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf / jf vf; ef}uf]lns If]qsf ;d'bfo, lognfO{ k|ltj]bgdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .

%@ oBlk oL /rgfTds kf7x¿dWo] w]/} kf7x¿ lsg ljbf ul/Psf, s]xL n8fs'x¿n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿ lng grfx]sf x'g\ eGg] ljZn]if0faf6 ljsl;t ePsf 5g\, o;nfO{ xfn sfof{Gjog r/0fsf] k|f/Dedf /x]sf] k|lqmofsf] cfnf]rgfsf ¿kdf x]g'{ x'Gg . o'PgcfOcf/kLsf] l6dn]] oL r'gf}ltx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug]{ sbd rfln;s]sf] 5 / klxrfg ul/Psf s]xL r'gf}lt Kofs]hsf] l8hfOg th'{df ubf{sf ljz]iftfx¿sf] ljk/Lt /fhgLlts kl/l:yltleqsf sl7gfO{ x'g\ eGg] s'/f Wofgdf /fVg' cfjZos 5 .

cg';Gwfgsf ljlwcg';Gwfgsf ljlw

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%# o;sf] cy{ xf] s"n of]Uo n8fs' -!(,^)@_ sf] s/La !=% k|ltzt / ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ -$,))*_ sf] $=&$ k|ltzt;Fu cg';Gwfgsf qmddf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .

lgDgfg';f/sf cg';Gwfg lqmofsnfk ;DkGg ul/Psf lyPM

� :yfgLo :t/df !@$ j6f d'Vo d'Vo hfgsf/ JolQmx¿;Fusf cGtjf{tf{x¿

� /fli6«o :t/df $! j6f d'Vo d'Vo hfgsf/ JolQmx¿;Fusf cGtjf{tf{x¿

� ^ j6f xfnsf dlxnf n8fs'x¿;Fusf ;d"x 5nkmnx¿

� ^ j6f xfnsf k'?if n8fs'x¿;Fusf ;d"x 5nkmnx¿

� @ j6f k'?if dlxnf ldl>t xfnsf n8fs'x¿;Fusf] ;d"x 5nkmn

� @& j6f ;d'bfosf dlxnf ;b:o ;d"x;Fu ;d"xdf 5nkmnx¿

� !^ j6f ;d'bfosf k'?if ;b:o ;d"xx¿;Fu ;d"xdf 5nkmn

� * j6f ;d'bfosf dlxnf k'?if ldl>t ;d"x;Fu ;d"xdf 5nkmn

� #) j6f xfnsf dlxnf n8fs'x¿;Fu Ps Ps hgf;+u lnOPsf cGtjf{tf{x¿

� $& j6f xfnsf k'?if n8fs'x¿;Fu Ps Ps hgf;Fu lnOPsf cGtjf{tf{x¿

� #$ j6f k"j{ dlxnf n8fs'x¿;Fu Ps Ps hgf;Fu lnOPsf cGtjf{tf{x¿

� @* j6f k"j{ k'?if n8fs'x¿;Fu Ps Ps hgf;Fu lnOPsf cGtjf{tf{x¿

� dfcf]jfbL ;]gf jf g]kfnL ;]gfsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf kl/jf/sf !% hgf ;b:ox¿sf] ;d"xdf lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{

� Pp6f zxLb :d[lt ljBfno gfds dfcf]jfbL ljBfnosf ;b:ox¿;Fu lnPsf] ;fd"lxs cGtjf{tf{

� ! j6f k"j{ k'?if n8fs' -:j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_ ;Fusf] ;d"x 5nkmn

� !) j6f k"j{ k'?if n8fs' -ljbf lnPsf_ ;Fusf] ;d"x 5nkmn

� @ j6f ldl>t k"j{ n8fs' -ljbf lnPsf_ ;Fusf] ;d"x 5nkmn

� @ j6f ldl>t k"j{ n8fs' -:j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_ ;Fusf] ;d"xdf 5nkmn

hDdfdf kl/of]hgfn] jt{dfg !#^!#^ hgf dlxnf / !%!!%! hgf k'?if n8fs', %!%! hgf dlxnf k"j{ n8fs' -!&!& hgf cof]Uo / #$#$ hgf :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_ / @!%@!% hgf k'?if k"j{ n8fs' -!&#!&# hgf cof]Uo / $@$@ hgf :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_%#%#, $%&$%& dlxnf / #)*#)* hgf k'?if ;d'bfo ;b:ox¿ / !%!% hgf jt{dfg dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'sf kl/jf/, åGå k|efljt kl/jf/ jf g]kfnL ;]gf;Fu 5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] . o;eGbf a9L !$$!$$ hgf d'Vo hfgsf/x¿;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf] lyof] -:yfgLo :t/df !@$!@$ hgf / /fli6«o :t/df $!$! hgf_ . o; k|ltj]bgdf JoQm ul/Psf ljrf/ o; k|ltj]bgdf JoQm ul/Psf ljrf/ dfly pNn]v ul/Psf —;DalGwt :yfgdf dfly pNn]v ul/Psf —;DalGwt :yfgdf 58\s] / df]6f cIf/58\s] / df]6f cIf/ df lbOPsf —nlIft ;d"xx¿sf df lbOPsf —nlIft ;d"xx¿sf x'g\ / ;]km/jN8{sf xf]Ogg\ .x'g\ / ;]km/jN8{sf xf]Ogg\ . o; k|ltj]bgdf lbOPsf l;kmfl/zx¿ ltg} b[li6sf]0fdf cfwfl/t 5g\ . cg';Gwfgsf a]nf nlIft ;d"xx¿;Fu ul/Psf 5nkmnaf6 k|fKt ;"rgf / ljlwsf] ¿k/]vfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr # df x]g'{xf];\ .

kl/ro -v08 !_ n] /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt tyf cg';Gwfgsf p2]Zo / ljlwaf/] hfgsf/L lbG5 -lj:t[t ¿kdf cg';"lr # df lbOPsf] 5_ .

To;kl5sf] v08 - v08 @_ n] k"j{ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;dfof]hg / jf gful/s hLjgdf k'g:yf{kgsf] af/]df d'Vo d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf cfjZostf, ;/f]sf/ / k|fyldstfsf af/]df cg';Gwfgn] klxrfg u/]sf k|d'v ljifox¿sf] lj:t[t emns lbG5 . oxfF k'?if tyf dlxnfsf] / pgLx¿k|ltsf] b[li6sf]0fsf aLr leGgtf klg /]vfª\lst ul/Psf] 5 . ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgsf] of]hgf, Joj:yfkg tyf lg0f{o ug]{ sfdsf dxTjk"0f{ ljifox¿nfO{ ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgsf] 5'§f5'§} v08df uP/ ;Daf]wg ug'{'eGbf klxn] g} ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5 -v08 @=@=!_.

;dfof]hg -v08 @=@=@_ sf] s'/f p7fpFbf jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿, ;d'bfosf ;b:o, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, / gful/s ;dfh tyf /fhgLlts bnx¿sf ;b:ox¿sf ;dfof]hgn] s;/L ;'/Iff lgsfox¿leq ;+u7gfTds ¿kdf ufFl;P/ a:g] tyf ;d'bfodf ;'/Iff ;]jf lbg] sfddf k|efljt u5{ eGg] ljifodf eGg ldNg] b[li6sf]0f vf]tNgdf k"0f{ ?kdf o; v08sf] hf]8 /x]sf] 5 . ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf ;Gbe{df ;'/Iff lgsfosf ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf, klxrfg, tflnd / n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf h:tf ljifonfO{ klg oxfF ;Daf]wg ul/g]5 .

k|ltj]bgsf] ;+/rgf k|ltj]bgsf] ;+/rgf

4 ;femf ynf] <

k'g:yf{kg -v08 @=@=#_ sf xsdf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿sf cfly{s, ;fdflhs, dgf];fdflhs / /fhgLlts k'g:yf{kg vf; u/L ltgsf ljlzi6 cfjZostf / ck]Iffx¿nfO{ k"/f ug{ ;lsg]af/] ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf ljleGg b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . oL kQf nfu]sf ljifox¿sf] ;GbeL{s/0fsf nflu v08sf] klxnf] efu -v08 @=!_ n] dflg; lsg dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gf -hg d'lQm ;]gf_%$%$ df nfu] eGg] s]xL sf/0fx¿ klg ;Daf]wg ul/Psf 5g\ .

;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofx¿sf] ;kmntfsf nflu ul/Psf l;kmfl/zdf åGå sfn jf åGåf]Q/ sfndf pgLx¿n] u/]sf cg'ej af/] klg k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 . . v08 # n] ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgsf] ;ª\qmd0f / sfof{Gjog r/0fnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] s;/L åGåf]Q/ sfnsf] k'glg{df{0f tyf Jofks zflGt k|lqmofsf] ;xof]udf ;DalGwt sfg'g tyf gLlt cg'?k åGå ;+j]bgzLn tyf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn agfpg] eGg]af/] lj:t[t l;kmfl/;x¿sf] /]vf+sg ub{5 -cg';"lr @ cGtu{t o;sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f lbOPsf] 5_ . cg';Gwfgn] klxrfg u/]sf ljifox¿n] jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ t];|f] ljsNksf ¿kdf /fhgLltdf k|j]z ug]{ ;DaGwL ljleGg b[li6sf]0faf/]sf ;"rgf ;dflxt u/] tfklg o; ljifosf l;kmfl/zx¿ o; k|ltj]bgsf] d'Vo hf]8eGbf aflx/ k/]sfn] o; v08df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g .

cg';"lr ! n] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿sf] ;kmn k'g:yf{kgsf lglDt of]ubfg ug{ ;lsof];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgsf qmddf l;lsPsf kf7x¿ klg oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

%$ dfcf]jfbL hg d'lQm ;]gf @))^ df lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf x'g'cl3sf] åGå sfndf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 eg] @))^ kl5sf] åGåf]Q/ sfnsf ;Gbe{df dfcf]jfbL ;]gf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 .

@k|d'v cg';Gwfg vf]h jf klxrfgx¿

k'?if / dlxnf dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿ hg d'lQm ;]gfk'?if / dlxnf dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿ hg d'lQm ;]gfdf hf]l8g'sf ljleGg sf/0f / ltgsf åGå sfn tyf åGåf]Q/ sfnsf cg'ejx¿sf] ulx/f] ljZn]if0f pknAw u/fpg' o; k|ltj]bgsf] d'Vo hf]8eGbf aflx/sf] ljifo xf] . oBlk n8fs'x¿sf cfjZostf / rfxgfx¿ k"/f ug]{ ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgsf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df ug]{ qmddf pTk|]/0ff / cg'ejx¿ a'em\g' cfjZos 5 / tL ;kmn klg 5g\ . kmn:j?k cg';Gwfgsf a]nf klxrfg ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf k"j{ cg'ejx¿sf] ;f/;+If]knfO{ tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .%%%%

� ;fdflhs tyf /fhgLlts ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu ;fdflhs tyf /fhgLlts ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu

clwsf+z jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿%^%^ -k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a}_n] Ps vfnsf] ;zQmLs/0fsf] vf]hL ug'{ g} dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfdf nfUg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f /x]sf] atfPsf lyP . cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf em08} ;a}hgf jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿n] /fHosf] bdg ;x]sf tyf ljsf;sf] sfo{;"lrsf] d"n k|jfxaf6 jlxis/0fdf kfl/Psf] 7fGg] ;fdflhs cfly{s k[i7e"ld / ;d'bfoaf6 cfPsf lyP . w]/}hgf u/LaL / jlxis/0fsf] df/df k/]sf dWo tyf ;'b"/ klZrdsf kxf8af6 cfPsf lyP . cfly{s ¿kdf jlxis/0fdf k/]sf yf?, du/, blnt / tfdfª%&%& clg dlxnf%*%* h:tf ;LdfGtLs[t ;d"xx¿sf] Ps cg'kft /x]sf] 5 . cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf s/La () k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfdf nfUg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f wgL / u/La, k'?if / dlxnfaLr 7"nf] vf8nsf] l;h{gf ug]{ ljBdfg k|0ffnLnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ rfxgf atfP .

æxfdL ztfAbLof}+b]lv wgL dflg; / /fHosf] bdgdf k¥of}+ . xfdL /fHosf ;|f]tx¿df kxF'r /fVg ;Qm}gfF} clg /fhgLlts ¿kdf klg zlQmljxLg 5f}+ . dnfO{ nfU5, /fh;+:yfsf sf/0fn] g} xfdLn] of] e]befj em]Ng' k/]sf] xf] . To;sf/0f d /fhflj?4 n8\g / u0ftGq :yfkgf ug{ eg]/ hgd'lQm ;]gfdf nfu]sf] x'F .Æ %(%(

@=! n8fs'x¿sf k"j{ cg'ejdf ;dfof]hg /

k'g:yf{kgsf] ;Gbe{

@=!=! dfcf]jfbL dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfdf etL{ hgd'lQm ;]gfdf etL{

x'g'sf sf/0fx¿x'g'sf sf/0fx¿

%% k'?if / dlxnfx¿ lsg dfcf]jfbL hg d'lQm ;]gfdf nfu] / åGå sfnsf ltgsf cg'ejx¿sf af/]df lj:t[t ljZn]if0fsf nflu o; ;DaGwdf lj:tf/k"j{s k|sfz kfl/Psf k|sfzgx¿ x]g'{xf];\ h;df !_ dgrGbf, cf/ -@))$_, dfcf]O:6 OG;h]{G;L Og g]kfn, ¥ofl8snfOlhª h]088{ Gof/]l6J;, ;fpy Pl;of kmf]/d km/ Xo'dg /fO6\;, g]kfn @_ zdf{, cf/ -@))^_, r]lGhª l/oflnl6h P08 Rofn]~h]h km/ b lk; k|f];]; ckm g]kfn, #_ cfl/gf], Pd -@))*_, g]kfnM P h]08/ Eo" ckm b cfD8{ slGˆnS6 P08 b lk; k|f];]; / $_ cf]u'/f, s] -h'nfO{ @))(_, P 5fkfdf;{ lk;, lxdfn ;fpy Pl;og .

%^ cGoyf pNn]v gul/P;Dd, cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf JolQmx¿— rfx] ;d'bfosf xf]pg\ rfx] k"j{ n8fs', ;'/Iff lgsfo, gful/s ;dfh cyjf /fhgLlts bnx¿ g} — sf wf/0ff k'?if / dlxnfn] plQs} cfbfg k|bfg u/]sf lyP .

%& ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf cfGtl/s b:tfj]h tyf o'PgcfOcf/kLsf sd{rf/Ln] cgldgn] k|df0fLs/0f u/]sf tYof+s -@))& df lnOPsf]_ sf] glthfsf ¿kdf df}lvs ¿kdf hfgsf/L lbP cg';f/ hg d'lQm ;]gfdf !^=!! k|ltzt afx'g hfltaf6, !%=&* k|ltzt If]qLaf6, !@=!! k|ltzt du/af6, !) k|ltzt blntaf6, ̂ =( k|ltzt tfdfªaf6, ̂ =^ k|ltzt dw]zLaf6 / %=% k|ltzt yf?af6 cfPsfx¿ 5g\ .

%* ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf cfGtl/s b:tfj]h tyf o'PgcfOcf/kLsf sd{rf/Ln] cgldgn] k|df0fLs/0f u/]sf tYof+s -@))& df lnOPsf]_ sf] glthfsf ¿kdf df}lvs ¿kdf hfgsf/L lbP cg';f/ hg d'lQm ;]gfdf dlxnf @) k|ltzt -#,*$^_ 5g\ t/ Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] cg'dfgdf ;f] k|ltzt $) b]lv %) k|ltztsf] glhs 5 .

%( Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf Ps jt{dfg k'?if n8fs', s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ ( tf/Lv_ .

6 ;femf ynf] <

� n}lËs ;dfgtf xfl;n ug{sf nflu n}lËs ;dfgtf xfl;n ug{sf nflu

cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf ;a} dlxnf n8fs'x¿dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfdf nfu]kl5 dlxnfsf ?kdf cfk"mx¿ a9L ;zQm ePsf] cg'ej u/]sf] atfPsf lyP . pgLx¿n] dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ;+/rgfleq / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;+u7gdf k'?ifx¿;Fu tfndf tfn ldnfP/ lxF8\bf s;/L cfgGb cfof] eGg] JofVof ;d]t u/] . gAa] k|ltzt dlxnf n8fs'x¿ -jt{dfg tyf k"j{ b'a}_ cfk"mx¿ /fhgLlts tyf zf/Ll/s ?kdf a9L ;zQm ePsfn] ;dfhdf cGo dlxnfeGbf km/s cg'ej u/]sf] atfP . jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a}_ n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] lkt[;QfTds rl/q g} vf; u/L u|fdL0f If]qdf dlxnfx¿dfly bdg x'g' k5fl8sf d'Vo sf/s /x]sf] egfO{ /fv]sf lyP .

s/La @) k|ltzt dlxnf n8fs'x¿dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] n}lËs ;dfgtf / dlxnfsf] ;zQmLs/0fnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] /fhgLlts ljrf/wf/fnfO{ cfk"m ;f] kf6L{df nfUgsf] d'Vo sf/0fsf ¿kdf lnPsf lyP . pgLx¿n] ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts n}lËs e]befjnfO{ r'gf}lt lbg / ;a} dlxnfsf clwsf/sf nflu n8\g rfx]sf] atfPsf lyP . s}nfnLdf cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsL Pshgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'n] o:tf] eg]sL lyOg\M

æd hgd'lQm ;]gfdf nfUg'sf k5fl8 ;dfhdf ljBdfg ;+/rgfTds c;dfgtfnfO{ abNg] / /fhtGqnfO{ kmfNg] rfxgf lyof] . d k'?if / dlxnf, wgL / u/La, blnt / u}/blntsf aLr ;dfgtf b]Vg rfxGy]+ / /fHosf ;|f]tx¿df u/Lasf] kx'Fr x'g'k5{ eGg] 7fGy]+ . cem d /fHosf] clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿df lg0ff{os 7fpFdf u/Lasf k|ltlglwTj ePsf] b]Vg rfxGy]+ .Æ^)

� Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf /fhgLlts ljrf/ tyf ;f+:s[lts ultljlwk|ltsf] cfsif{0fn] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf /fhgLlts ljrf/ tyf ;f+:s[lts ultljlwk|ltsf] cfsif{0fn]

clwsf+z jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a}_n] dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts ljrf/wf/f / dfS;{jfbL dfcf]jfbL l;4fGtk|ltsf] cfˆgf] pT;fxk"0f{ k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] lj:tf/k"j{s g]kfndf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] /fhgLlts l;4fGt j}1flgs, b"/bzL{ / hgtfsf] OR5fdf cfwfl/t Ps dfq l;4fGt ePsf]n] z'?df dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gftkm{ cfk"mx¿nfO{ cfslif{t u/]sf] atfPsf lyP . s]xL n8fs'x¿ egf{ cleofgsf qmddf ufpF ufpF 3'Dg] dfcf]jfbL ufos uflosf / gt{s gt{sLsf 6f]nLn] u/]sf ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmdaf6 klg cfslif{t ePsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf ljbf ul/Psf Ps k'?if n8fs'sf] egfO{ o:tf] lyof]M

æpgLx¿ dfbn lnP/ gfRb} / ufpFb} xfd|f] ufpFdf cfpg] uy]{ / xfdL tL pT;jdf ls t xfd|f] ljBfnodf ls cGt st} ;fd]n x'GYof}+ . pgLx¿sf] 6f]nLd} uP/ gfRg] ufpg] d]/f] rfxgf lyof] clg d}n] pgLx¿sxfF hfg ljBfno / 3/ ToflulbPF . kl5 d}n] dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts bz{g l;s]+ / pgLx¿;Fu} /x]/ qmflGtdf ;fd]n x'g] lg0f{o u/]F .Æ^!

� dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] bafa / ÷jf ;'/Iff lgsfosf] wDsLsf] sf/0fn] nfUg jfWo ePsf] dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] bafa / ÷jf ;'/Iff lgsfosf] wDsLsf] sf/0fn] nfUg jfWo ePsf]

s]xL n8fs' -ljz]if u/L k"j{ n8fs'_ n] cfk"m Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] bafan] ubf{ dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfdf nfUg afWo ePsf] pNn]v u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] b'u{d ufpFdf dfcf]jfbLn] egf{ cleofg rnfPsf] / cfˆgf] qmflGtdf sDtLdf klg Ps 3/af6 Ps hgf nfUg} kg]{ eGg] u/]sf lyP . s]xL dlxnf cfˆgf] 3/sf k'?ifnfO{ hfgaf6 /f]Sg / pgLx¿nfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg dfcf]jfbLdf nfu]sf lyP . Pshgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'n] eg]sL lyOg\M

ædfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] xfd|f] ufpFdf egf{ cleofg rnfpFbf ljb|f]xdf Ps 3/af6 Pshgf cfpg clgjfo{ ePsf] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . pgLx¿n] o;/L ;xefuL x'g gdfg]df hUuf sAhf ug]{ ;d]t atfP . clg t d hgd'lQm ;]gfdf nfUg afWo ePF . d guPsf] eP d]/f] sf/0fn] kl/jf/n] ;DklQ u'dfpg] / b'Mv kfpg] lyof] .Æ ^@

w]/} jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a}_ n] åGåsf] ;dodf g]kfn k|x/L tyf g]kfnL ;]gfn] hyfefjL cfˆgf] 3/df 5fkf dfg]{, zf/Ll/s oftgf lbg] / dlxnf tyf s]6Lx¿dfly of}g b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ x'gfn] /fHosf] w/ks8af6 hf]lug cfk"mx¿ ufpFaf6 efUg' k/]sf] atfPsf lyP . s/La @% k|ltzt jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' -vf; u/L dWo klZrd kxf8sf_ n] /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf] of}g b'Jo{xf/ / anfTsf/af6 aRg cfk"mn] dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfdf egf{ x'g] lg0f{o u/]sf] atfP . o;sf ;fy} dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf] 7"n} ;+Vofn] cfˆgf kl/jf/sf ;b:o dfcf]jfbLdf nfu]sf] x'gfn] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿af6 cfk"mnfO{ oftgf lbOPkl5 hgd'lQm ;]gfdf k|j]z u/]sf]

^) s}nfnLdf Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lnFbf Pshgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' -@)!) dfr{ !)_ ^! s}nfnLdf Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lnFbf Pshgf jt{dfg k'?if n8fs' -@)!) dfr{ *_ ^@ Onfddf Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lnFbf Pshgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' -@)!) km]a|'c/L @)_

;]km/jN8{ 7

atfPsf] lyof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps dlxnf n8fs'n] o;/L pNn]v u/]sL lyOg\ M

æPsk6s xfd|f] ufpF -sflnsf]6 lhNnfsf] sf]6jf8f ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt_ df ;}lgs sfjf{xLsf a]nf !@ dlxnfnfO{ anfTsf/ ul/of] / tLdWo] s]xLn] ue{wf/0f u/] . /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] lgs} rsf]{ cftª\s lyof], w]/} b'/frf/ eof], To; 36gfkl5 ;a} o'jf k'?if tyf dlxnf ls hgd'lQm ;]gfdf nfu] ls t ufpF g} 5f8]/ efu] .Æ ^#

o;sf ;fy} s}nfnLsf Ps k'?if n8fs'n] eg]—

æo'4sf a]nf d]/f] ufpFdf ;]gf cfpg] / xfdLnfO{ oftgf lbg] u/]sf] lyof] ========, To;a]nf d cf7 sIffdf k9\y]+ . slt;Dd eg] g]kfnL ;]gfn] dnfO{ s}+of}+ k6s lk6\of] . d}n] ufpF 5f8\g'eGbf csf]{ pkfo lyPg======abnf lng eg]/ d}n] @))! df hgd'lQm ;]gfdf nfu]+ . d]/f] ufpFsf w]/} hgf ;]gf / /fHosf] sfjf{xL ;xg g;s]/ hgd'lQm ;]gfdf etL{{ eP . uNtL g} gu/L lsg oftgf kfpg' <Æ ^$

� ;zQmLs/0fsf] cg'e"lt ;zQmLs/0fsf] cg'e"lt

jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a}_ n] åGå sfndf dcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfdf nfu]/ /fhgLlts tyf zf/Ll/s ¿kdf ;zQm ePsf] cg'ej u/]sf] atfPsf lyP . pgLx¿n] cfk"mn] kfPsf /fhgLlts / ;}lgs k|lzIf0faf6 /fhgLlts ¿kdf r':t / zf/Ll/s ¿kdf b'?:t ePsf] / To;n] ubf{ cfˆgf] ;'/Iff ug{ ;Ifd ePsf] hgfPsf lyP .

� lg/Gt/ /fhgLlts / ;}lgs tflnd lg/Gt/ /fhgLlts / ;}lgs tflnd

jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a}_ n] lg/Gt/ clgjfo{ /fhgLlts k|lzIf0f lnO/x]sf] tyf ;}lgs cEof; ul//x]sf] atfP . /fhgLlts k|lzIf0f dfS;{jfbL tyf dfcf]jfbL l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] / sDtLdf dlxgfsf] Psk6s ;~rfng ug]{ ul/Psf] atfOPsf] lyof] .

� e"ldut ljb|f]xL hLjg e"ldut ljb|f]xL hLjg

w]/} jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿n] ljb|f]xsf a]nf cfkm\gf] hLjg /f]df~rs, vt/fn] el/Psf] / sl7g eP klg alnbfg ug{ of]Uo /x]sf] j0f{g u/]sf lyP . w]/} -k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a}_ n] cfkm"n] eljiosf] clglZrttfsf aLr klg cfˆgf] kl/jf/nfO{ alnbfg u/]sf] clg 3/af/ Tofu]sf] aofg u/] . o;/L pgLx¿n] k/Dk/fut /fhgLlts cEof;nfO{ ;dfKt kf/L g]kfnnfO{ u0ftGq agfPsf] x'gfn] cfˆgf] alnbfgsf] cf}lrTo k'li6 ePsf] atfPsf lyP .

jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿n] gofF etL{ ePsf dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf w/}h;f] n8fs'x¿n] ;d'bfodf leHgsf nflu s]xL jif{ cf+lzs ;do ;d'bfodf sfd u/]sf] atfP . ;"rssf ¿kdf, ;Gb]z jfxssf ¿kdf, ;fF:s[lts sfo{stf{sf ¿kdf, ad agfpg] / /fhgLlts cleofgstf{sf ¿kdf s}of}+ k}/jL cleofg cfof]hgf ug]{ tyf ltgdf ;xefuL x'g] nufotsf cGo u}/;}lgs e"ldsf k"/f u/]kl5 dfq pgLx¿n] ljz]if ;]S;g, Knf6'g / a6flnog cGtu{t k"0f{sfnLg sfd ug{ ;Qmy] . s]xLnfO{ u}/;}lgs sfddf nufOPsf] ltgn] s]xL d~rdf cf+lzs ;do sfd u/] klg cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf w]/}h;f] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf_ n] k"0f{sfnLg e"ldsf lnPsf lyP .

� hLjg ofkgsf] cj:yf hLjg ofkgsf] cj:yf

w]/}h;f] jt{dfg n8fs' jt{dfg n8fs' -k'?if tyf dlxnf_ n] xfnsf] cfˆgf] SofG6f]gd]06sf] a;fO{ sdhf]/ cj:yfsf] / c:j:ys/ ePsf] / ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / ;'ljwf ckof{Kt /x]sf] atfP . vf;u/L ;a} jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs' -ljz]iftM dlxnf, 3fOt] / ckfª\u ePsf n8fs'_ n] SofG6f]gd]06leq pknAw u/fOPsf] :jf:Yo ;]jf kof{Kt g/x]sf] pNn]v u/] . w]/} dlxnf n8fs'dlxnf n8fs'n] /fHoaf6 cfˆgf cfl>tx¿sf nflu lgMz'Ns lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff /fv] . o;}u/L jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] cfkm"x¿sf nflu /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lsf t'ngfdf tNnf] :t/sf] hLjg ofkg ug{ nufpg' unt ePsf] s'/f JoQm u/] . o:tf] bl/b| cj:yfsf] a;fO{n] k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a}sf nflu cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] k'Ubf] u/L] x]/rfx ug{df sl7g agfPsf] 5 . kl/0ffd:j?k kl/jf/ ;fy} ePsf w]/} n8fs'x¿ clxn] SofG6f]gd]06 aflx/ a:g' k/]sf] 5 -vf;u/L dlxnf, tn x]g'{xf];\_ . w]/}n] cfˆgf] kl/jf/nfO{ kof{Kt dfqfdf cfly{s ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf nflu /f]huf/L vf]Hb} SofG6f]gd]06, cem b]z} ;d]t 5f8]sf 5g\ .

^# Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf Ps hgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs', ;'v]{t -@)!) dfr{ !) tf/Lv_ ^$ Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf Ps hgf jt{dfg k'?if n8fs', s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ !! tf/Lv_

@=!=@ åGå sfnsf åGå sfnsf cg'ej cg'ej

@=!=#= åGåsf] ;dflKtb]lv åGåsf] ;dflKtb]lv Sof06f]gd]06 -lzlj/_ sf] Sof06f]gd]06 -lzlj/_ sf]

cg'ej;Ddcg'ej;Dd

8 ;femf ynf] <

s/La &% k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] SofG6f]gd]06sf] cfˆgf] a;fO{df c;Gt'li6 JoQm u/] h;dWo] @) k|ltztn] lj:tf/k"j{s SofG6f]gd]06 5f8\g rfx]sf] ljrf/ ;'gfPsf lyP . s]xLn] SofG6f]gd]06sf] hLjg s}bLsf] hLjg h:tf] 7fg] . h:t} Ps hgf jt{dfg k'?if n8fs'n] eg]sf lyPM

ædnfO{ SofG6f]gd]06sf]] a;fO{n] jfSs nflu;s]sf] 5 . dnfO{ nfU5, d aGbLu[xdf a;]sf] 5' . /fHon] xfdLnfO{ kof{Kt ;'ljwf lbPsf] 5}g . xfdL Ps a+s/leq ;fgf] sf]7fdf sf]lrPsf 5f}+ . nf} x]gf]{;\ xfd|f] cj:yf Û oxfFeGbf aflx/ a;]sf] eP d}n] w]/} /fd|f] ug{ ;Sy]+, s'g} k];f c+kgfpg] lyPF, oxfF a;]/ s]xL ug{ ;lsGg .Æ ^%

s}bL h:tf] cg'ej ug'{sf ;fy} w]/} n8fs'x¿ cfˆgf] eljiosf af/] lrlGtt /x]sf] atfPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu l;Gw'nLdf cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf Ps jt{dfg k'?if n8fs'n] eg]sf lyP M

æxfdLnfO{ ;fFlRrs} eljiosf] lrGtf 5 . xfd|f] xfnt s] x'g] xf]nf < zflGt k|lqmof s;/L 6'ª\uf]df k'Unf < xfdL cfˆgf] af6f] nfUgsf nflu clxNo} lg0f{o ul/Psf] x]g{ rfxG5f}+ .Æ ^^

h] xf];\, w]/}n] r]k'jfdf k/]sf] jf eljiodf s] xf]nf eGg] vfn] c;'/Iffsf] cg'ej u/] klg c¿n] eg] SofG6f]gd]06df b}lgs lqmofsnfk x'g] u/]sf] tyf vf;u/L Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf] / vf;u/L lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd lng] cj;/ kfPsf]df /fd|} cg'ej u/]sf 5g\ eGg} kb{5 . pgLx¿ o:tf cj;/ ;xof]uL x'g] 7fG5g\ / ltgsf] pkof]u ug{sf nflu pT;'s b]lvG5g\ .

� ;}lgs tflnd tyf cEof;x¿ ;}lgs tflnd tyf cEof;x¿

;a} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf_ n] SofG6f]gd]06leq b}lgs zf/Ll/s Jofofdsf ;fy} ;}lgs cEof; / tflnddf ;+nUg ePsf] atfP . pgLx¿n] åGå sfndf u/] h:t} ;}lgs cEof; u/]sf lyP . o;f] eP klg klxn] pgLx¿sf] tflnddf u'l/Nnf o'4 sf}znnfO{ hf]8 lbOPsf] x'GYof] eg] clxn]sf tflnddf ;}lgssf ¿kdf ltgLx¿sf] Joj;foLs/0fdf hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . n8fs'x¿n] cfkm"x¿nfO{ ;}lgssf ¿kdf tflnd lbg' ;fdfGo ePsf] / o:tf ;}lgs cEof;n] pgLx¿sf] Jofj;flostf / /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfodf pgLx¿sf] ;dfof]hgsf cj;/x¿nfO{ a9fpg] atfP . pbfx/0fsf nflu OnfdsL Ps jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'n] eg]sL lyOg\ M

ælzlj/sf] a;fO{ lzIffd"ns ePsf] 5=====leqsf] xfd|f] hLjgrof{ csf]{ ;]gfsf] h:t} 5 / o; ;donfO{ xfdLn] gofF s'/f l;Sg / cfkm"nfO{ Jofj;flos agfpgdf k|of]u u/]sf 5f}+ .Æ ^&

o;f] eP klg w]/} dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] k'?if / dlxnfsf aLr zf/Ll/s leGgtf ePsfn] cfkm"x¿nfO{ ;a} ;}lgs cEof;df ;xefuL x'g sl7g ePsf] cg'ej atfPsf lyP . o:tf] sf/0fn] ubf{ Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ue{jtL dlxnfx¿nfO{ clgjfo{ ¿kdf lzz' ue{df /xFbf;Dd / To;kl5 u/L sDtLdf tLg jif{ SofG6f]gd]06 eGbfaflx/ a:g] Joj:yf u/]sf] pgLx¿n] hfgsf/L lbP . pbfx/0f:j?k Ps jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'n] elgg\ M

ækf6L{n] dlxnf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ue{jtL ePkl5 sDtLdf tLg jif{ SofG6f]gd]06eGbf aflx/ a:g'kg]{ gLlt agfPsf] 5 t/ xfdLn] dfl;s eQf eg] kfpF5f}+ . o:tf] Joj:yf lsg ul/Psf] xf] eg] xfdL ;}lgs cEof; tyf cGo cfjZos zf/Ll/s Jofofddf ;xefuL x'g ;Qm}gf}+ . xfdLn] dfl;s /h:jnfsf ;dodf klg alnof] zf/Ll/s zlQm rflxg] lqmofsnfkx¿ ug{ sl7g ePsf] cg'ej u/]sf 5f}+ . of] a8f] lbSsnfUbf] x'G5 t/ xfdL o;/L g} hGDof}+, To;}n] o:tf a]nfdf xfdLnfO{ ljz]if vfnsf] ;x'lnotsf] vfFrf] kb{5 .Æ ^*

b'ef{Uoj;, dlxnf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ue{jtL ePkl5 sDtLdf tLg jif{ SofG6f]gd]06eGbf aflx/ a:g'kg]{ gLltn] vf;u/L k'?if n8fs' SofG6f]gd]06d} x'g] / hfgsf nflu ToxfF kl/jf/sf] 3/ klg gx'g] x'gfn] kl/jf/df cfly{s tyf efjgfTds bafa kfb{5 . o;n] To:tf dlxnfnfO{ emg\ lg/fzfhgs cj:yfdf a:g afWo agfpF5 .

^% Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf Ps hgf jt{dfg k'?if n8fs', l;Gw'nL -@)!) clk|n !) tf/Lv_ ^^ Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf Ps hgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs', s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ !! tf/Lv_ ^& ;d"xdf cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf Ps hgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs', Onfd -@)!) km]a|'c/L !* tf/Lv_ ^* Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf Ps hgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs', s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ !! tf/Lv_

;]km/jN8{ 9

^( o; sfo{of]hgfn] k|dfl0ft ;a} dfc]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ k|To]s ljsNksf ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds kIfx¿sf af/]df k/fdz{ lbg'kb{5 eGg] cf}+NofpF5 h;af6 pgLx¿n] hfgsf/L lnPsf cfwf/df Kofs]hsf] ljsNk 5gf]6 ug{ ;s"g\ . sfo{of]hgfn] agfPsf ¿k—/]vfdf /fhgLlts If]qdf k|jz ug]{ -h;df ;xof]u Kofs]h pknAw 5}g_, ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df ;dfof]hg -g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfn k|x/L, /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefu _ / cGo ;Defljt anx¿ h:t} ;Ldf ;'/Iff an jf cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff an h:tf :yfkgf ug'{ kg]{, ;d'bfodf k'g:yf{kg x'g] -cf}krfl/s lzIff, z}lIfs tflnd, Jofj;flos tflnd, /f]huf/L, ;fgf cfo cfh{g Joj;fo tyf ;xfotfsf cGo ¿kx¿ _ 5g\ . o;f] x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ;Nnfx k|lqmofsf nflu clt sd ;do 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 - k|lt n8fs' cg'dflgt s/La b; ldg]6 _ . o:t} sfo{of]hgfdf ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg tflndsf nflu lg0f{o ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf nflu rflxg] lj:t[t ;"rgf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g . 5f]6s/Ldf sfo{of]hgfn] k|lqmofnfO{ ;dotflnsfa4 agfpg o;df /x]sf ckof{Kttfn] k|lqmof s;/L sfo{?kdf hfG5 eGg] ;dembf/L / ;xdltdf /x]sf] sdLnfO{ k|sfz kfb{5 .

&) g]kfnL ;]gfsf] pRr txsf Ps clws[t -hfgsf/ JolQm_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -@)!) h'nfO{ $_ &!g]kfnL sf+u|];sf s]Gb|Lo :t/sf g]tf -hfgsf/

� k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] Joj:yfkg k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] Joj:yfkg

dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] lg/LIf0f, ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgsf nflu ljz]if ;ldlt cS6'a/ @))* df :yfkgf ul/Psf] lyof] . k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf /x]sf] gf} ;b:oLo o; ;ldltdf d'Vo /fhgLlts bnx¿ -Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL ;d]t_ sf k|ltlglw tyf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf dGqL kb ;Dxfn]sf -/Iff, u[x / zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f_x¿sf] k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] lg/LIf0f, ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgsf nflu k|fljlws ;ldltn] @)!) sf] hgj/Ldf Ps sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] 5 . o; sfo{of]hgfn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] ;kmn Joj:yfkgsf nflu of /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;dfof]hg ug{ of t ltgnfO{ ;dfhdf k'g:yf{kg ug{ Ps lglZrt cjlw tf]Sg] nIo /fv]sf] 5 . cf7 ;b:oLo k|fljlws ;ldltdf rf/ d'Vo /fhgLlts bnn] k|:tfljt u/]sf k|fljlws lj1x¿ 5g\ . Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf nfu' ug]{ xsdf, o; sfo{of]hgfn] of]hgf th'{df, 5nkmn, tyf lg0f{o ug]{ sfdeGbf yf]/} dfq a9L cfwf/ k|bfg u5{ .^( clxn];Dd vf; u/L geO{ gx'g] /fhgLlts ;xdltnfO{ ;'/lIft /fv]/ o; sfo{of]hgf cg'?k jt{dfg n8fs'x¿sf nflu ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgsf] of]hgf tof/ ug]{ sfddf yf]/} dfq k|ult x'g ;s]sf] 5 .

cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf, ljz]if u/L s]Gb|Lo txsf, /fhgLlts bnx¿sf g]tf/fhgLlts bnx¿sf g]tf -;a} bnsf_, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n];'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] u}//fhgLlts e"ldsfsf/x¿ vf; u/L k|fljlws lj1x¿d} lhDd]jf/L /xg'k5{ eGb} ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgsf] Joj:yfkgaf/] k|Zg p7fPsf 5g\ . o;f] eP tfklg pgLx¿n] ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg /fhgLlts ljifo ePsf] / dxTjsf ;fy k|lqmof z'? ug{sf] nflu /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr ;xdlt / ;Demf}tf x'g' cTofjZos 5 eGg] s'/f :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿ / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿n]Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿n] /fhgLlts ;xdlt ePkl5 s'g} /fhgLlts ¿kdf t6:y ;ldlt jf ;dGjosf/L ;+oGqnfO{ k|lqmofsf] Joj:yfkg ;'Dkg ;lsg] atfPsf 5g\ . o:tf] t6:y ;ldltdf cGt/f{li6«o k|fljlws lj1x¿, ;'/Iff lgsfo / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf dflg; / gful/s ;dfhsf k|d'v g]tfx¿nfO{ /fVg ;lsG5 . pbfx/0fsf lglDt g]kfnL ;]gfsf Ps jl/i7 clws[tn] eg]sf lyP M

æ/fhgLltnfO{ o;eGbf 6f9} /fVg'k5{ . ;dfof]hgsf] k|fljlws ljifonfO{ /fhgLlts bnx¿n] lsg lg0f{o ug]{ < ;}lgs ljifosf af/]df ltgnfO{ s] 1fg 5 / < dnfO{ nfU5, ;dfof]hgsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;a} ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|ltlglw / hgd'lQm ;]gfsf k|ltlglw /x]sf] Ps 5'§} ;+oGq x'g'k5{ .Æ&)&)

� /fd|f];Fu hfgsf/L kfPsfx¿sf] lghL 5gf]6sf cfwf/df ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg /fd|f];Fu hfgsf/L kfPsfx¿sf] lghL 5gf]6sf cfwf/df ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg

w]/} ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, ;/sf/L lgsfo;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, ;/sf/L lgsfo -:yfgLo_, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwgful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw / /fhgLlts g]tfx¿g]tfx¿ -;a} bnsf_ n] k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg JolQmut 5gf]6sf cfwf/df x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . oL ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ / /fhgLlts g]tfx¿, Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL tyf dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d -dhkmf]_ k|ltlglwn] k|To]s jt{dfg n8fs'n] cfkm" g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L jf cGo ;'/Iff lgsfodf k|j]z ug]{ ls gful/s hLjgdf kms{g] eGg] lg0f{o pgLx¿;Fu 5nkmn u/L lng' kg]{ atfPsf lyP . o:tf JolQmut k/fdz{ /fhgLlts bnx¿n] slt ;+Vofdf ;dfof]hg ug]{ eGg] ;xdltdf k'Ug'cl3 g} ug'{kb{5 . o;n] n8fs'x¿sf] a9L eGbf a9L k|fyldstf s]df /x]5 eGg] b]vfpF5 . w]/} ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL Ot/sf -u}/ Pdfcf]jfbL_ /fhgLlts ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL Ot/sf -u}/ Pdfcf]jfbL_ /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿bnsf g]tfx¿n] o:tf lg0f{o k"0f{ hfgsf/L kfPkl5sf lg0f{o x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf lyP . o;/L jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] cfˆgf] 5gf]6n] cfˆgf] hLjgdf s] s:tf] c;/ kf5{ eGg]af/] lj:t[t hfgsf/L kfpg' kb{5 .

s]xL Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL Ot/sf /fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿nfO{ 5gf]6sf] df}sf glbO{ ltgsf k|fylds OR5f lj?4 ;dfof]hg jf k'g:yf{kg ul/of] eg] ;'/Iff lgsfo jf ltgLx¿ kms]{/ hfg] ;d'bfodf tgfj p7\g] 7"nf] vt/f x'g] / ;d'bfosf] ;'/IffnfO{ uf}0f t'Nofpg] atfPsf

@=@= eljiosf nflu ;Defjgf /

k|fyldstf

@=@=! k'g:yf{kg k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg M tyf ;dfof]hg M

b'j}sf ;fGble{s vf]h jf b'j}sf ;fGble{s vf]h jf klxrfgx¿

10 ;femf ynf] <

lyP . o; a'FbfnfO{ k'li6 ug{ ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] clxn];Ddsf] cg'ejsf] pkof]u ul/Psf] lyof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu g]kfnL sf+u|];sf Pshgf g]tfn] eg]sf lyPM

æ-jt{dfg n8fs'x¿_ sf] k'g:yf{kg x'g ;S5 t/ vt/f klg ljBdfg 5g\, k'g:yf{kg pgLx¿sf] 5gf]6 xf] ls ;dfof]hg ug{ g;s]/ pgLx¿nfO{ hah{:tL k'g:yf{kg u/fOg nfu]sf] xf]===<, ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿af6 s] kf7 l;lsPsf] 5 eg] pgLx¿n] 5gf]6 gu/Lsg} k'g:yf{kg u/fOPsf] x'gfn] pgLx¿ l/;fPsf 5g\ .Æ&!&!

;dfof]hgsf k|fljlws kIfx¿af/]sf lj:t[t / ljlzi6 vf]hx¿nfO{ Ps 7fpFdf Nofpg o; v08df /flvPsf d'Vo vf]hx¿nfO{ 6'S|ofOPsf] 5, —h:t} ;'/Iff If]q / ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf, tflnd / n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf— k|efjsf/L ;dfof]hg gLltsf] th'{df ug{nfO{ dxTjk"0f{ ljifo x'g\ .

� ;d'bfoleq tyf n8fs'x¿sf aLr ;dfof]hgsf af/]df a'emfOsf] sdL ;d'bfoleq tyf n8fs'x¿sf aLr ;dfof]hgsf af/]df a'emfOsf] sdL

;du|df lhNnf :t/df ;d'bfoleq;d'bfoleq tyf jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf aLr /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ldf ;dfof]hgsf af/]df a'emfOsf] sdL /x]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . 5nkmn w]/}h;f] ;dfof]hg x'g'k5{ ls kb}{g clg slt ;+Vofdf n8fs'x¿sf] ;dfof]hg ug'{k5{ eGg] h:tf ljifodf 3'ld/x]sf] lyof] . ljleGg bnsf /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf pkNnf] :t/sf s]xL sdf08/x¿ dfq ;+Vofsf] j[Qaf6 pDs]/ ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] jf:tljs k|fljlws kIftkm{ hfg ;s]sf lyP .

� ;dfof]hgdf OR5's jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ ;dfof]hgdf OR5's jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿

;d"xdf cGtjf{tf{ -;d"x 5nkmn ubf{_ lnFbf w]/}h;f] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf b'a}_ n] gful/s hLjgdf kmls{g'sf] pN6f] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df ;dfof]lht x'g /f]h]sf lyP . o;f] eP klg PSnf— PSn} cGtjf{tf{ lnFbf s/La $) k|ltzt -k'?if / dlxnf b'a}_ n8fs' ;dfof]hg dfq} Ps ljsNk xf] eGg]df b[9 lyP . o; ljk/Lt ̂ ) k|ltztn] jf:tljs cy{df ;a}nfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{ g;lsg] jf cfkm"n] gful/s hLjgd} kms{g'nfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf] atfpFb} ;'xfpFbf] Kofs]h lbPdf -vf;u/L afnaRrf ePsL dlxnf / /fhgLlts j[lQ cFufNg OR5's k'?ifn] _ gful/s hLjgd} kms{g v';L x'g] atfPsf lyP . o;sf ;fy} s/La $) k|ltzt k"j{ n8fs'x¿n] cfkm"nfO{ cj;/ lbPdf /fHosf] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df k|j]z ug]{ OR5f JoQm u/]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu, ljbf ul/Psf Ps hgf n8fs'n] eg]sf lyP M

æof t xfdLnfO{ clxn] ePs} jf gofF :yfkgf ul/g] /fHosf] ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;dfof]hg ug'{k¥of]=====oL lgsfodf ltgn] xfdLnfO{ ;dfj]z u/]gg\ eg] xfd|f] cfly{s ;'/Iffsf nflu cfZj:t kfg'{k¥of] .Æ&@&@

� ;dfof]hg zflGt k|lqmofsf] cleGg cª\u ;dfof]hg zflGt k|lqmofsf] cleGg cª\u

;a} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿n] ;dfof]hgnfO{ zflGt k|lqmofsf] cTofjZos cª\u / cfGtl/s ;'/Iffsf nflu clt g} dxTjsf] ljifo dfg]sf lyP . ;d'bfosf s]xL ;b:ox¿n] ;dfof]hgsf] ljkIfdf cledt k|:t't u/] klg -tn x]g'{xf];\_ s/La *% k|ltztn] d'Vo ¿kdf lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf / af¥x a'Fb] ;xdltn] ;dfof]hg ug{ k|0f u/]sf]] x'gfn] o;sf] ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf ;fy} lhNnfsf / s]Gb|sf s/La *) k|ltzt /fhgLlts g]tfx¿/fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ tfls{s lg:sif{df k'¥ofpg ;dfof]hg ug}{kg]{ atfPsf lyP . Pdfcf]jfbL Ot/ -u}/ Pdfcf]jfbL_ /fhgLlts g]tfx¿g]tfx¿n] klg ;dfof]hg zflGt k|lqmofsf] cleGg kIf dfq geP/ ;d'bfosf] ;'/IffnfO{ sdhf]/ x'g glbg To;nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ / b]zdf zflGt sfod ug{ k'g:yf{kgsf] t'ngfdf ;'xfpFbf] ljsNk ePsf] atfPsf lyP .

@=@=@= ;dfof]hgaf/] k|d'v ;dfof]hgaf/] k|d'v vf]h jf klxrfgx¿ vf]h jf klxrfgx¿

@=@=@=!= klxrfg ul/Psf klxrfg ul/Psf ;fdfGo s'/f ;fdfGo s'/f

&! g]kfnL sf+u|];sf s]Gb|Lo :t/sf g]tf -hfgsf/ JolQm_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -@)!) h"g $_ &@ Pshgf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs', afFs] -@)!) d] @!_

;]km/jN8{ 1111

� ;dfof]hgsf] ljkIfdf ;dfof]hgsf] ljkIfdf

;dfof]hgsf] ljkIfdf w]/}h;f] cledt ;d'bfo;d'bfo -;'v]{t / l;Gw'nLsf_ df b]lvPsf] lyof] . oL ;d'bfo of t dfcf]jfbLaf6 åGå sfndf of To;kl5 k|efljt ePsf lyP / ltgn] eljiodf cfkm"nfO{ r'gf}lt cfpg ;Sg] 7fg]sf lyP . oL ;d'bfo ;dfof]hgsf] kmn:j¿k cfˆgf] ;'/Iffdf r'gf}lt cfpg] ;Defjgfaf6 8/fPsf lyP . ;fy}, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿ ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿ / Pg]skf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL Ot/sf -u}/ Pdfcf]jfbL_ /fhgLlts g]tfx¿dfcf]jfbL Ot/sf -u}/ Pdfcf]jfbL_ /fhgLlts g]tfx¿sf] ;fgf] ;+Vof -vf;u/L lhNnf :t/sf_ ;dfof]hgnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ gx'g] dfGotfdf b[9tfk"j{s v8f ePsf] lyof] . o:tf b[li6sf]0f ;'/Iff If]qdf dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts ljrf/ 3':g] vt/f, xfnsf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / ;dfof]hg ul/g] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿&#&# sf aLr tgfj pTkGg x'g] ;Defjgf, ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iffdf r'gf}lt tyf k|efjsf/L ;'/Iff ;]jf lbgdf sl7gfO{ cflb sltko rf;f]sf cfwf/df ag]sf lyP -tn x]g'{xf];\_ .

� ;dfof]hg sfof{Gjog x'Gg eGg] ck]Iff ;dfof]hg sfof{Gjog x'Gg eGg] ck]Iff

s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿ / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL Ot/sf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL Ot/sf -u}/ Pdfcf]jfbL_ /fhgLlts g]tfx¿-u}/ Pdfcf]jfbL_ /fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] ;dfof]hgnfO{ d"t{ ¿k lbg /fhgLlts ;xdlt rflxg] / o;;Fu ufFl;Psf a'Fbfx¿df /fhgLlts bnx¿ -sDtLdf klg 5f]6f] ;dodf_ ;xdltdf k'g g;Sg] wf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf lyP . o;df ;dfof]hg ug'{kg]{ ;+Vof, tx ldnfg / tflndsf] cfjZostf cflb klg k5{g\ . ;fy} cGo vf;–vf; ;d:of klg 5g\ h:t}, ;d"xdf k|j]z u/fpg] ls JolQmut x}l;otdf— s'g df]8fln6L ckgfpg], ;+ljwfg nfu' x'g'eGbf cl3 ;dfof]hg ug]{ ls ;+ljwfg nfu' ePkl5, o:tf ;d:ofnfO{ /fhgLlts bnx¿n] rfF8} ;dfwfg ul/xfNg] 5fF6 b]lvGg .

� ;dfof]hg eof] eg] klg jf ePg eg] klg lx+;fsf] vt/f ;dfof]hg eof] eg] klg jf ePg eg] klg lx+;fsf] vt/f

jt{dfg n8fs'jt{dfg n8fs'dWo]sf s/La &) k|ltztn] -/ ljbf ul/Psf s]xL n8fs'x¿ ;d]tn]_ ;+ljwfg nfu' geP;Dd / ;dfof]hg geP;Dd jf cfˆgf cfsfª\Iffx¿ k"/f geP;Dd ;/sf/sf lj?4 ljb|f]x ug{ / n'6kf6 dRrfpg / dfg{ kms{g afWo x'g] atfPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu, Ps k'?if n8fs'n] eg]sf lyPM

æxfdL w}o{k"j{s d] dxLgfsf] @* tf/Lv / gofF ;+ljwfg kv]{/ a;]sf 5f}+ . ;dod} of] sfd k"/f ePg eg] xfdL km]l/ ljb|f]xdf hfG5f}+ / wgL / u/LaaLrsf] vf8n k'g]{ b[li6 ePsf bnx¿ / cGo ;d"xx¿sf] ;dy{g u5f}+{ .Æ&$&$

;'/Iff lgsfosf s]xL sd{rf/L / ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf /fli6«o :t/sf -vf;u/L Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf_ jl/i6 x:tLx¿n] ;dfof]hg ul/Pg eg] jf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿sf] ;fgf] c+z dfq} ;dfj]z ul/of] eg] -5gf]6 gul/Psfx¿n] ;/sf/ / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLlj?4 ljb|f]x ug{ ;Sg] ePsfn]_ lx+;f pTkGg x'g ;Sg] atfP . tyflk ;'/Iff lgsfosf s]xL sd{rf/L -;a} txsf÷lgsfosf_ ;dfof]hg ePdf / ;a}hgf jt{dfg n8fs'nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Pdf of] c;kmn x'g hfg] / c;'/Iff w]/} a9\g] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf lyP . vf;u/L s] elgPsf] lyof] eg] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿nfO{ ldl>t kmf}hL ;+/rgfdf ;dfof]hg ul/of] eg], pbfx/0fsf nflu– g]kfn k|x/Lsf] Ps o'lg6df ! xhf/, @ xhf/nfO{ ;dfof]hg ul/of] eg] pgLx¿nfO{ cnUofOPsf] cg'ej x'g ;S5 / pgLx¿n] ;]jf 5f]8\g ;S5g\ .

� ;dfof]hgn] :yfgLo :t/df k|efjsf/L ;'/Iff ;]jf lbgdf r'gf}lt lbg] eo ;dfof]hgn] :yfgLo :t/df k|efjsf/L ;'/Iff ;]jf lbgdf r'gf}lt lbg] eo

s/La *) k|ltzt -k|ToIf ¿kdf åGåaf6 k|efljt 7fpFsf_ ;d'bfo ;b:ox¿;d'bfo ;b:ox¿ ;dfof]hgn] :yfgLo :t/df ;'/Iff ;]jfdf r'gf}lt lbg] 8/ dflg/x]sf lyP . of] 8/ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ ;dfof]hg ePkl5 ltgn] cfˆgf] ljrf/nfO{ sfod} /fVg]5g\ / To;n] ubf{ s;nfO{ s;/L ;'/Iff lbg] eGg] s'/fdf t6:ytf lgjf{x ug{ c;kmn x'g]5g\ eGg] ;f]rdf cfwfl/t lyof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu, Onfdsf Ps ;d'bfo ;b:on] eg]sf lyPM

ædnfO{ nfU5, ;dfof]hg k|lqmofd} ;d:of cfpg ;S5g\ . hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfodf k|j]z u/]kl5 t6:y a:g' / cfˆgf] /fhgLlts ljrf/nfO{ TofUg' sl7g x'g]5========dnfO{ zª\sf nfU5, To:tf] s8f;Fu 6fFl;Psf] ljrf/ ePsf] hgd'lQm ;]gfn] s;/L ;a} g]kfnL gful/snfO{ ;dfg / kf/bzL{ ;'/Iff b]nf ÛÆ&%&%

&# k"j{ of]Uo n8fs' eGg] zAbfjnLsf] k|of]u;DaGwL JofVof dflysf] kl/efiff v08df x]g'{xf];\ . &$ Ps ;d"xdf cGtjf{tf{ lnFbf Ps dlxnf jt{dfg n8fs', s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ !^ tf/Lv_ . &% ;d'bfosf Ps k'?if ;b:o, ;d"x 5nkmndf, Onfd -@)!) km]a|'c/L !^ tf/Lv_

12 ;femf ynf] <

&^ g]kfn k|x/Lsf Ps pkNnf] txsf clws[t -ljifoj:t'sf vf; hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, dWo klZrd t/fO{ -@)!) d] @% tf/Lv_ && dfly pNn]lvt &* g]kfn k|x/Lsf] lgDg >]0fLsf clws[t -d'Vo hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, dWo klZrd kxf8 -@)!) h"g !(_ &( Ps Ps hgf;Fu PSnfPSn} cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf Ps jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs', s}nfnL - @)!) dfr{ !)_

;'/Iff lgsfosf;'/Iff lgsfosf sltko sd{rf/Ln] ;dfof]hgn], vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L andf ;dfof]hg ul/Pdf, :yfgLo :t/df ;'/Iffdf gsf/fTds c;/ kfg{ ;Sg] cledt k|s6 u/]sf lyP . of] cledt dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ cfkm" s8fOsf ;fy n8]sf ;'/Iff lgsfodf clxn] ;dfof]lht x'g g;Sg] jf pgLx¿n] cftª\lst t'NofPsf -ltgsf ;f]rfOdf_ ;d'bfonfO{ ;'/Iff lbg g;Sg] ;f]rsf cfwf/df ag]sf] lyof] . o;sf/0f s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L -vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/Lsf ljleGg >]0fLsf_ n] atfPcg';f/ a? g]kfnL ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg x'g' dfq Ps ljaNk x'g ;S5 lsgeg] g]kfnL ;]gf cfGtl/s ;'/Iff Joj:yfdf lhDd]jf/ lyPg, cGoyf ;'/Iff k|bfossf ¿kdf g]kfn k|x/Lsf] k|efjsfl/tfk|ltsf] hgljZjf; klg 36\g] 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu dWoklZrd If]qsf Ps jl/i6 k|x/L clws[tsf] egfO{ o:tf] lyof] M

ætkfO{+ g]kfn k|x/Ldf ltgsf] ;dfof]hg ug{ ;Sg'x'Gg====== hgtf;Fu g]kfn k|x/Lsf] k|ToIf ;DaGw x'G5 / hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn k|x/Ldf k|j]z u¥of] eg] ;d'bfon]======ltgsf ultljlwlt/ zª\sfsf] b[li6n] x]g]{5g\ .Æ&^&^

� ;dfof]hgn] /fhgLlts/0f u5{ t;y{ ;'/Iff If]qsf] :yfloTjnfO{ cl:y/ agfpF5 eGg] ;jfn ;dfof]hgn] /fhgLlts/0f u5{ t;y{ ;'/Iff If]qsf] :yfloTjnfO{ cl:y/ agfpF5 eGg] ;jfn

s]Gb|Lo tyf lhNnf b'a} txsf ;'/Iff lgsfosf;'/Iff lgsfosf sltko sd{rf/L] -;a} tx / lgsfosf_, clwsf+z Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL Ot/ -u}/ Pdfcf]jfbL_ /fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] / w]/} ;d'bfo ;b:ox¿ -vf; u/L k'?if_ n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ ;dfof]lht ePsf v08df ltgn] cfˆgf] /fhgLlts ljrf/ km}nfP/ ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ e|i6 kfg]{ ;Defjgf /x]sf] ljrf/ JoQm u/] .

s]Gb|Lo tyf lhNnf b'a} txsf ;'/Iff lgsfosf;'/Iff lgsfosf -;a} tx / lgsfosf_ sd{rf/L], Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL Ot/-u}/ Pdfcf]jfbL_ /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ / ;d'bfosf s/La *) k|ltzt ;b:ox¿n] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df ;dfof]hg ;d"xut xf]Og, lghL :t/df ;Lk / Ifdtfsf cfwf/df x'g'kg]{ dfu ul//x]sf] a]nf w]/}n] o;sf] Joj:yfkg s;/L x'G5 eGg] k|Zg u/]sf lyP . pbfx/0f:j?k, dWoklZrd If]qsf Ps k|x/L clws[tn] eg]sf lyPM

æxfn pgLx¿ ;a}nfO{ Ps}k6s ;'/Iff lgsfodf k|j]z u/fpg'k5{ eGg] s'/f ul//x]sf 5g\ . of] ;f]¥x} cfgf c;Dej s'/f xf] . of] dfcf]jfbLsf] g]kfn k|x/Lsf] ;fv emfg]{ rfn x'g ;S5 / o; dfldnfdf d ltgnfO{ sd cfsng ulb{g . pgLx¿ /fli6«o ;'/Iff lgsfodf k|j]z u/L cl:y/ agfpg rfxG5g\ / /fHo sAhf ug{ vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ .Æ&&&&

oBlk, /fli6«o :t/sf s]xL ;'/Iff sd{rf/L -vf;u/L g]kfnL ;]gfsf pRr txsf clws[tx¿_ n] / ;d'bfosf @) k|ltzteGbf yf]/} a9L ;b:ox¿n] jt{dfg n8fs'n] s8f lgod / cg'zf;g kfng ug{ ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] pgLx¿n] /fhgLlts ljZjf; a9fpg] ;Defjgf Go"g 5 . dWo klZrd kxf8sf g]kfn k|x/Lsf Ps slgi6 >]0fLsf clws[tn] k|x/Ldf k|j]z ug'{cl3 s'g}a]nf /fhgLlts bnsf ;b:o /x]sf cfˆgf ;xsdL{ ldqx¿sf] pbfx/0f lbFb} cfkm" clxn] k|x/L dfq /x]sf] / /fhgLlts bn;Fu gftf tf]8]sf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] atfP .&*&* pgsf] ljrf/df dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿n] klg To:t} gd"gf cg';/0f ug]{5g\ . of] wf/0ff klg w]/} dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ /fhgLltseGbf klg u/LaL / r/d bl/b|tfsf sf/0f dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfdf nfu]sf x'g\ eGg] ljrf/sf cfwf/df ag]sf] xf] . To;}n] ha PskN6 pgLx¿n] ;'/Iff lgsfoleq hflu/ kfP eg] ltgn] cfˆgf] /fhgLlts ;+nUgtf kl/Tofu ug]{5g\ .

� ;kmn ;dfof]hgsf nflu /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lsf] ;femf lhDd]jf/L ;kmn ;dfof]hgsf nflu /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lsf] ;femf lhDd]jf/L

;d"xdf cGtjf{tf{ ul/Psf jt{dfg n8fs'jt{dfg n8fs'dWo] () k|ltzteGbf a9L -k'?if tyf dlxnf_ n] cfkm"x¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿aLr ;dfof]hg ug{df b'a}df Ifdtf / rfxgf ePsf]df ;sf/fTds b]lvPsf lyP . PSnfPSn} cGtjf{tf{ lnFbf w]/}hgf n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L dlxnf_ n] ;sf/fTds ;DaGw aGnf eGg] s'/fdf eg] zª\sf JoQm u/]sf lyP .

pbfx/0fsf nflu Pshgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'n] o;f] eg]sL lyOg\M

æg]kfnL ;]gf / cGo ;'/Iff sd{rf/L dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ub}{gg\ . pgLx¿ k|fozM bdgdf kfl/Psf 5g\, oftgf -zfLl/s dfgl;s_ kfO/x]sf 5g\ / ltgLx¿ dlxnfnfO{ Psbd} cgfb/ u5{g\ . clg xfdLn] s;/L ltgLx¿sf] ljZjf; ug]{<Æ&(&(

;]km/jN8{ 1313

*) ;w}h;f] b'O{ ljz]if d'2fnfO{ cl3 ;fg]{ ul/Psf] 5 -!_ lhNNff k|x/L sfof{no c5fddf sfo{/t dlxnf k|x/L ;'GtnL wfdLdfly @))( sf] ;]K6]Da/ @& tf/Lvsf lbg cfˆg} k'?if ;xsdL{ k|x/Lx¿af6 ;fd'lxs anfTsf/sf] cf/f]k;DaGwL d'2f / @_ g]kfnL ;]gfn] jlb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hleq @)!) sf] dfr{ !) tf/Lvdf tLg hgf dlxnf #% jifL{of dlxnf b]jL;/f ljZjsdf{, ## jifL{of cd[tf ljZjsdf{ / !@ jifL{of rGb|snf ljZjsdf{nfO{ df/]sf] cf/f]k tyf g]kfnL ;]gfn] pgLx¿ lzsf/L ePsf] / eL8Gtdf dfl/Psf] egL u/]sf] …k|ltjfbÚ .

*! ljifosf ljz]if hfgsf/, k"jL{ t/fO{df sfo{/t g]kfn k|x/Lsf tNnf] txsf clws[t;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{{ -@!÷)@÷@)!)_ *@ ljifosf ljz]if hfgsf/ ,sf7df8f}+df sfo{/t g]kfn k|x/Lsf tNnf] txsf clws[t;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{ -)!÷)&÷@)!)_ *# ljifosf ljz]if hfgsf/, sf7df8f}+sf u}/ Pdfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tf;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{ -)$÷)^÷@)!)_

w]/} dlxnf /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfo;Fu cfˆgf] ;'/Iffsf nflu eoeLt b]lvPsf lyP . pgLx¿n] w]/}h;f] cfˆgf / c?sf of}ghGo tyf n}ª\lustfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf cg'ejx¿ ;'gfP, g]kfnL ;]gf / /fHosf cGo ;'/Iff lgsfoaf6 ePsf dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3gsf 36gfaf/] ;'gfP / pTkL8sx¿nfO{ cem} klg Gofosf] s73/fdf gNofOPsf] atfP .*)*) o;} 8/;Fu hf]8]/ w]/} n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L dlxnf_ n] ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] cfjZostf tyf dlxnfn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] ljz]if vfnsf] hf]lvdnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg'kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf lyP -tn x]g'{xf];\ n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn ;dfof]hg af/]sf]] v08 @=@=@=$_ .

s]xL gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwgful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] ;+u7gfTds ¿kdf Ps¿ktf eGg] ljifo ;dfof]hg ul/g] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'sf] Jojxf/ / cf:yfdf dfq e/ kg]{ s'/f geO{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] pgLx¿;Fu s;/L ;dfgtfk"0f{ 9ª\un] Jojxf/ u5{g\ / cGtlqm{of u5{g\ To;df lge{/ ug]{ s'/f xf] . ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] ;dfof]hg ul/g] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'nfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s Jojxf/ u/]gg\ eg] ;'/Iff lgsfoleqsf] ;+u7gfTds Ps¿ktfdf r'gf}lt cfpF5 / kl/0ffd:j?k ;d'bfo :t/sf] ;'/Iffdf cj/f]w cfpg ;S5 .

� ;kmn k'g:yf{kg tyf ;+u7gleqsf] Pstf ;Dej 5 eGg] ljZjf; ;kmn k'g:yf{kg tyf ;+u7gleqsf] Pstf ;Dej 5 eGg] ljZjf;

dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs' / /fHosf] ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/LaLr ;+u7gfTds Pstf ;Dej 5 eGg]af/]df ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿lgsfosf sd{rf/L, /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿sf] wf/0ff ldl>t k|sf/sf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . ljrf/x¿ k|foMh;f] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿n] cfˆgf] /fhgLlts cf:yf 5f8\nfg\ ls a9fpnfg\ eGg]d} cfwfl/t lyP . s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfo sd{rf/L -;a} txsf / vf;u/L lhNnf txsf_ /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfo / k"j{ of]Uo dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿aLr ;dfof]hgkl5 ltgn] ljutnfO{ la;{g] / eljiosf nflu ;f]Rg] ePsfn] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] tgfj pTkGg xf]nf eGg] 7fGb}gg\ .

pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf lnpmF, k"jL{ t/fO{sL Ps slgi6 dlxnf k|x/Ln] eg]sL lyOg\M

æx'g t k|x/L / hgd'lQm ;]gf k/:k/ n8], pgLx¿n] cfˆgf dtfGt/ cnUu} /fv]sf 5g\ / clxn] xfdLx¿df pgLx¿k|lt s'g} k|sf/sf] gsf/fTds efjgf 5}g . dnfO{ nfU5, o;n] ;dfof]hgkl5 pgLx¿sf aLr åGå 36fpg d2t u5{ .Æ*!*!

s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L cfkm"n] b]zsf nflu alnbfg u/]sf] x'gfn] ;dfh / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] cfkm"nfO{ :jLsf/ unf{g\ eGg] w]/}h;f] jt{{{dfg n8fs'x¿sf egfO;Fu ;xdt 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu, sf7df8f}+sf g]kfn k|x/Lsf Ps c;O{sf] egfO{ o:tf] lyof]M

æpgLx¿n] u/]sf] alnbfgsf nflu xfdL pgLx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg u5f}{+, To;sf/0f xfdLdf To:tf] s'g} gsf/fTds efjgf 5}g, pgLx¿ klg xfdLh:t} x'g\ .Æ*@*@

o; cltl/Qm Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL tyf g]kfnL sf+u|]; nufotsf s]xL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿/fhgLlts g]tfx¿ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] ;dfof]hgn] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df d"NodfGotfsf] Ps 7"nf] ;ª\qmd0f -t/ ;sf/fTds_ Nofpg d2t ug]{ atfpF5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu Pshgf ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:osf k|ltlglwsf] egfO{ o:tf] lyof]M

æhgd'lQm ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] ;dfof]hgn] ;sf/fTds ;fF:s[lts kl/jt{g Nofpg] 5 . /fhgLlts ljrf/n] cf]tk|f]t sfo{stf{n] ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ lauf5{g\ eGg] s'/f lg/fwf/ cf/f]k dfq} xf] .Æ*#*#

csf]{lt/ ;'/Iff lgsfosf s]xL sd{rf/L, vf;u/L lhNnfsf lgDg txsf g]kfn k|x/Lsf sd{rf/L / ;d'bfosf *) k|ltzt ;b:o -ljz]if u/L l;Gw'kfNrf]s, ;'v]{t / cGo åGå k|efljt If]qsf_ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] ;dfof]hg ul/Pkl5 ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L tyf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿aLr tgfj pTkGg x'g ;Sg] 7fgL 8/fPsf lyP . o:tf] vt/f vf;u/L ;dfof]hgkl5 klg dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts klxrfg sfod /lx/x]df / jt{dfg n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfoleq kof{Kt dfkb08 k"/f gu/Lsg} pRr txdf /flvPdf emg\ a9\g] dx;'; ul/Psf] lyof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;d'bfosf Ps k'?if ;b:on] eg]sf lyP M

14 ;femf ynf] <

æ;dfof]hg lgs} hf]lvdk"0f{ 5 lsgeg] xfdL;Fu Psflt/ clt g} /fhgLlts vfnsf] ;]gf -hgd'lQm ;]gf _ 5 eg] csf]{lt/ Jofj;flos ;]gf -g]kfnL ;]gf_ 5 hf] k"/} ;'/Iff x]g]{ u/L tflnd k|fKt 5 . o;n] ;dfof]hgkl5 ;]gfnfO{ /fhgLlts/0f ul/g ;S5 / csf]{ åGå pTkGg ug{ ;S5 eGg]] xfdLnfO{ 8/ nfu]sf] 5 .Æ*$*$

;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts txdf ;dfof]hgsf] c;/af/] g]kfn k|x/Lsf vf;u/L lgDg txsf clws[tx¿ lgDg txdf tgfj pTkGg x'g ;S5 lsgeg] To; txdf pgLx¿ k/:k/ k|ToIf ;Dks{df x'G5g\ / g]kfn k|x/Lsf hjfgx¿df åGå sfndf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ lj?4 n8]sf cg'ejaf6 k|efljt x'g] tyf To:tf tgfj km]l/ pTkGg x'g ;Sg] 8/ /xG5 eGg] atfpF5g\ . kmn:j?k s]xLn] g]kfnL ;]gfdf ;+of]hg ug{ gx'g] k|:tfj /fv] eg] c¿ s]xLn] d]nldnfk tyf ljZjf; agfpg ;dfof]hg k"j{, ;dfof]hgsf ;dodf / ;dfof]hgkl5 klg ;'/Iff lgsfodf k/fdz{ jf d]nldnfk ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ug'{ kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ .

� dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] ;dfof]hg ul/of] eg] cGo hftLo /fhgLlts ;d"xn] klg dfu ug{ ;Sg] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] ;dfof]hg ul/of] eg] cGo hftLo /fhgLlts ;d"xn] klg dfu ug{ ;Sg] ljifo

s]xL ;d'bfo ;b:ox¿;d'bfo ;b:ox¿n] -s/La !) k|ltztn]_ / clwsf+z ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df k|j]z u/fOof] eg] To;n] cGo hftLo /fhgLlts ;d"xx¿n] klg To:t} { dfu ug{;Qm5 eGg] af/]df rf;f] JoQm u/] . pbfx/0fsf nflu dEo klZrd t/fO{sf Ps jl/i7 k|x/L clws[tn] eg]sf lyPM

æcfh xfdLn] ltgnfO{ ;dfof]hg u¥of}+ eg] Kof08f]/fsf] afs; p3fg]{5f}+ / ef]ln ;/sf/n] cGo ;z:q /fhgLlts ;d"xnfO{ klg hjfkm lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . of] ;dfof]hg cGo /fhgLlts ;d"xn] k5\ofpg] pbfx/0f aGg ;Qm}g .Æ*%*%

h] xf];\, dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d nufotsf s]xL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] ;]gfsf] nf]stflGqs 5lj agfpg ;dfof]hgdf t/fO{sf cGo hftLo /fhgLlts ;d"xx¿nfO{ klg ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ s'/f cl3 ;f/] -x]g'{xf];\, tnsf] tflnd v08_ .

� /fli6«o ;'/Iff /0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjog tyf gofF ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] :yfkgfsf] ;Defjgf /fli6«o ;'/Iff /0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjog tyf gofF ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] :yfkgfsf] ;Defjgf

;d"xdf cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf s/La &% k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a}_ tyf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿n] /fli6«o ;'/Iff /0fgLltdf ;xdt x'g'kg]{ pNn]v u/]sf lyP . o;n] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ / Pp6f gofF g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu clg dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ckl/rfng tyf /fli6«o ;]gfdf PsLs[t t'Nofpg] ;}lgs P]g agfpg] of]hgfsf] vfsf lgdf{0f ug]{ atfOPsf] lyof] . o;sf ljk/Lt ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L tyf clwsf+z dfcf]jfbL Ot/sf-u}/ Pdfcf]jfbL_ /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwdfcf]jfbL Ot/sf-u}/ Pdfcf]jfbL_ /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx¿n] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k'g;{+rgf cfjZos gePsf] t/ j[xt\ ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ cGtu{tsf] Ps efusf ¿kdf ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]]{ atfPsf lyP .

jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿n] /fli6«o ;'/Iff /0fgLltn] gofF ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] :yfkgfsf] Joj:yf ;d]t ug'{kg]{ atfP . o:tf lgsfodf Ps ;Ldf ;'/Iff an -aLP;\Pkm_, Ps cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff an -cfOP;\Pkm_ x'g ;Sg] / jt{dfg dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿, ;]jf/t ;'/IffsdL{x¿ -g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L andf_ / ljBdfg ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;dfof]hg ug'{kg]{ ljrf/ /fv]sf lyP . of]Uo k|dfl0ft ePsf ;a} dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿n] ;]gfsf nflu dfkb08 k"/f ug{ g;Sg] / cGo ljsNknfO{ klg Wofgdf /fVg'kg]{ ;f]rsf cfwf/df o:tf ;'/Iff lgsfosf] l;h{gf ug{ dfu ug'{ kg]{ atfOPsf] lyof] .

s/La &) k|ltzt ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L -:yfgLo tyf s]Gb|Lo :t/df cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L ansf lgDg txsf / pRr txsf clws[tx¿ nufot_ gofF ;'/Iff lgsfo agfO{ ltgdf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;dfof]hg ug'{kg]{ kIfdf klg plePsf lyP .

s]xLsf nflu o;f] ug'{sf] cy{ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ Pp6f pkfo xf] / g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L andf ltgsf] ;dfof]hg /f]Sg' klg xf] . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;z:q k|x/L ansf Ps OG:k]S6/n] eg]sf lyPM

@=@=@=@= ;+/rgf ;+/rgf

*$ Onfdsf] k'?if ;d'bfosf ;b:o, nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf ;xefuL -@@÷)@÷@)!)_ *% dWo klZrd t/fO{sf g]kfn k|x/Lsf pRr txsf clws[t - ljifosf hfgsf/ _ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{ -@)!) d] @%_

;]km/jN8{ 1515

*^ ;z:q k|x/L an, sf7df8f}+sf dWod:t/Lo clws[t -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{ -@)!) h'nfO{ @_ *& dWodf~rnsf] kxf8L If]qsf g]kfn k|x/Lsf pRr txsf clws[t -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{ -@)!) h"g !%_ ** pbfx/0fsf nflu, g]kfnL ;]gfdf k|j]z ug]{ dfgs dWo] Ps xf] pDd]bjf/sf] z/L/sf] prfO{ sDtLdf klg k'?ifsf] % lkm6 # OGr / dlxnfsf] $ lkm6 !) OGr,

k'?ifsf] tf}n sDtLdf %) lsnf]u|fd / dlxnfsf] sDtLdf klg $) lsnf]u|fd x'g'kg]{, /fd|f] b[li6 Ifdtf x'g'kg]{, bfFt gem/]sf] x'g'kg]{, z/L/df 3fprf]6 gePsf] jf ckfª\utf gePsf] x'g'kg]{, 5ftLsf] uf]nfO{ #@ b]lv #$ O{Gr;Dd -k'?ifsf nflu dfq_, vf; vf; zf/Ll/s Jofofd ug]{ Ifdtf ePsf] x'g'kg]{, d]l8sn hfFrdf of]Uo b]lvg'kg]{, z/L/sf] df]6fOsf kl/;"rs -aLPdcfO{_ ldn]sf] x'g'kg]{ / P;\Pn\;L a/fa/ n]vk9 ug{ ;Sg] x'g'kg]{ .

*( g]kfnL ;]gfsf pRr txsf clws[t -;DalGwt ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -@)!) d] !#_

æhgd'lQm ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] ;dfof]hg ul/of] eg] To;n] ;'/Iff lgsfosf] Jofj;flostfdf r'gf}ltx¿ v8f x'G5g\ . xfdLn] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ b]zdf Ps 5'§} gofF ;'/Iff an :yfkgf ug]{tkm{ ;f]Rg'k5{ .Æ*^*^

cGo s]xLsf nflu vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/Lsf lgDg txsf clws[tx¿, g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L andf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ;a} n8fs'x¿sf] ;dfof]hg x'g g;Sg] cg'dfg u/L gofF ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;dfof]hg ug{] s'/fnfO{ ;dy{g u5{g\ / To;sf/0f yk ljsNksf] cfjZostf b]Vt5g\ . pgLx¿ /fhgLlts 3';k}7sf] ;Defjgfsf] vt/fnfO{ sd ug{ / d]nldnfk tyf ;f+u7lgs Pstfsf nflu hgd'lQm ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L an tyf gofF ;'/Iff lgsfodf 5/]/ /fVg'kg]{ klg 7fG5g\ . cGtjf{tf{ ul/Psf /fhgLlts bnx¿sf g]tfx¿, w]/}h;f] g]kfnL sf+u]|; / g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ PsLs[t dfS;{jfbL —n]lggjfbL -g]skf Pdfn]_ sf g]tfx¿,gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw tyf g]kfn k|x/Lsf pRr txsf clws[tx¿n] klg ljsNksf ¿kdf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ jg /Ifssf] tflnd lbg'kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf g]kfn k|x/Lsf Ps pRr txsf clws[tn] eg]sf lyP M

æg]kfndf jg / k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] ;'/Iff ug]{ pko'Qm ;+oGq 5}g . To;f] x'gfn] o; -;'/Iffsf] of] kIf_ nfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg ;dfof]hgnfO{ Ps cj;/sf ¿kdf k|of]u ug'{kb{5 .Æ*&*&

� >]0fL ;+/rgf >]0fL ;+/rgf

cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿dWo]sf] *) k|ltztn] cfkm"n] clxn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf axfn /x]sf] txeGbf tn em/]/ g]kfnL ;]gf jf cGo ;'/Iff lgsfodf hfg :jLsf/ gug]{ atfPsf lyP . w]/}n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;Lk / Ifdtf cfjZos /x]sf] / clt u/La k[i7e"ldaf6 cfPsfn] z}lIfs dfkb08 k"/f gu/]sf] eP klg alnbfg u/]sf] atfP . To;}n] pgLx¿nfO{ clxn]s} a/fa/sf] >]0fLdf ;dfof]hg ul/g' k5{ eGg] pgLx¿sf] egfO{ /x]sf] lyof] . o;sf] ljk/Lt s/La *% k|ltzt ;d'bfo ;b:ox¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / dfcf]jfbL Ot/sf -u}/ Pdfcf]jfbL_ ;d'bfo ;b:ox¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / dfcf]jfbL Ot/sf -u}/ Pdfcf]jfbL_ /fhgLlts g]tfx¿/fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿;Fu dfcf]jfbLdf h]h:tf] eP klg g]kfnL ;]gfsf] t'ngfTds e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{sf nflu af~5gLo tflnd / lzIff gePsf] egfO{ /fv]sf lyP . a? tx ->]0fL_ sf] ldnfg /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ ;xdt ePsf] xfnsf] dfkb08**** -k|x/L P]g h:tf] ljBdfg sfg'g –x]g'{xf];\ l;kmfl/z v08_ df cfwfl/t x'g'k5{ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf jt{dfg ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf klg oyfjt\ sfod /xg'k5{ .

w]/}h;f] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿n] dfg] h:tf] geO{ :yfgLo / s]Gb|Lo :t/df cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf clwsf+z ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿ pgLx¿ axfndf /x]sf] txsf p:t} of]Uotf / ;Lk ljgf /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf pkNnf txdf k|j]z ug]{ s'/fnfO{ ;xh dfGb}gg\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu g]kfnL ;]gfsf Ps jl/i7 k"j{ clws[tsf] egfO{ x]/f+} M

æg]kfnL ;]gf / hgd'lQm ;]gfsf aLr txut s'/fdf w]/} g} leGgtf 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu g]kfnL ;]gfsf] sg]{nn] Go"gtd !^ b]lv !& jif{;Dd tf]lsPsf ;]jfsf] cg'ej xfl;n u/]s} x'g'k5{ . To;f] x'gfn] c7f/ pGgfO; jif{sf] pd]/df ;]gfdf etL{ ePsf] JolQm ;fdfGotof rf}+tL; k}FtL; jif{sf] pd]/sf aLrdf n]lˆ6g]06 sg]{n x'g ;S5 . t/ hgd'lQm ;]gfdf To;} pd]/df l8lehg sdf08/ eO;s]sf] x'G5 . g]kfnL ;]gfdf %) jif{ pd]/ gk'uL d]h/ hg/n x'g} ;Qm}g .Æ*(*(

h] xf];\, cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfosf, vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L ansf], pkNnf] txsf sd{rf/Lx¿n] ;'/Iff lgsfosf] Jofj;flostfdf ;Demf}tf gx'g] u/L lglZrt ;dosf nflu nlrnf] eP/ dfgfy{ kb l;h{gf ug{ rfx]sf] wf/0ff cl3 ;f/] . ljz]if u/L, pd]/ / z}lIfs dfkb08df o:tf] nrstf ckgfpg ;lsg] pgLx¿sf] ;'emfj /x]sf] lyof] . of] k"jf{g'dfg dfcf]jfbL ;]]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfodf sfd ubf{ub}{ pgLx¿sf ;Fu}sf lgsfox¿s} txdf lzIff lbP/ dfly psfNg ;lsG5 eGg] ljZjf;df cfwfl/t lyof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu g]kfnL ;]gfsf Ps d]h/n] eg]sf lyP M

16 ;femf ynf] <

() g]kfnL ;]gfsf dWod txsf clws[t -;DalGwt ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -@)!) h'nffO{ $_ (! ;d"xdf cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf Ps jt{dfg k'?if n8fs', s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ !^_

æhgd'lQm ;]gfn] zf/Ll/s dfkb08 k"/f ug]{ k|lta4tf b]vfpF5 eg] xfdL ltgsf nflu z}lIfs cj/f]w sd ul/lbg ;S5f}+, t/ o;sf nflu g]kfnL ;]gf / hgd'lQm ;]gfaLrsf] ;femf ;dembf/Ldf cfwfl/t t x'g} k¥of] .Æ()()

s]xL xb;Dd u}/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts bnx¿ ;'/Iff If]qsf] Jofj;flostfdf wSsf gk'¥ofO{ ;Demf}tfdf k'Ug ;lsG5 eGg]df eg] ;xdt b]lvPsf lyP .

� ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf

o; v08el/df elgPem}+ clwsf+z jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -s/La *) k|ltzt, k'?if / dlxnf b'a}_ / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿ ;fdfGotof dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ sDtLdf klg z'?df /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf /]lhd]06, la|u]8 / Knf6'g h:tf ;}Go ;+/rgfdf ld;fpg] s'/fsf] lj/f]wdf lyP . o;n] pgLx¿sf] klxrfg / cf:yfsf] ;+/If0fdf wSsf k'Ug] 8/sf sf/0f pgLx¿ ;'/Iff lgsfodf JolQmut :t/df geO{ ;d"xut k|j]zsf] df]8fln6Lsf kIfdf plePsf lyP . pbfx/0ffy{, Ps jt{dfg k'?if n8fs'sf] wf/0ff o:tf] lyof]M

æxfd|f nflu clxn] h:t} a]Un} SofG6f]gd]06 x'g'k5{ lsgeg] o;n] -g]kfnL ;]gf /_ xfd|f] -dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf]_ aLr ;sf/fTds sfo{ut ;DaGw :yfkgf ug{ a9L cg's"n jftfj/0f tof/ ug{df d2t k'¥ofpF5 . ;dfof]hgkl5sf] slt nfdf] ;do;Dd xfdL a]Unfa]Un} SofG6f]gd]06df a:g' kg]{ x'G5 eg]/ d osLg;fy eGg t ;lQmgF, t/ of] /fHosf] gLlt, ljlw / sfo{ljlwdf e/ kg]{ s'/f xf] .Æ(!(!

o; ljk/Lt cg';Gwfgsf a]nf cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf ;'/Iff lgsfosf -;a} lgsfosf ;a} txsf vf;u/L g]kfnL ;]gfsf_ k|ltlglwx¿n] / nueu ̂ ) k|ltzt ;d'bfo -vf;u/L k'?if_ ;b:ox¿ ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df /fhgLlts ljrf/sf] 3';k}7 x'gaf6 hf]ufpg Pdfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df JolQmut k|j]z u/fO{ xfn ;]jf/t ;'/IffsdL{;Fu ld;fpg'k5{ eGg] dfGotfdf b[9 lyP . s]xLn] ldl>t ;}Go ;+/rgf :yfkgf ul/Pg eg] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿leq SofG6f]gd]06 / a]Un} ;}lgs ;+/rgfaLr clt sd dfq} leGgtf /xg hfg] atfP .

o; ljjfbf:kb ljifonfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ k|of;df s]xL gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwgful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw tyf u}/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ -vf;u/L g]skf Pdfn]_ / o;}u/L $) k|ltzt ;d'bfo ;b:ox¿;d'bfo ;b:ox¿n] clg !% k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] leGgfleGg} ;}lgs ;+/rgfdf /fVg] sfd c:yfoL ¿kdf -^ b]lv !@ dxLgf;Ddsf nflu_ k|f/lDes tflnd / cled'vLs/0fsf] cjlwe/sf nflu dfq x'g ;Sg] atfPsf lyP .

� u}/ n8fs' e"ldsf u}/ n8fs' e"ldsf

s/La %) k|ltzt g/fd|f];Fu 3fOt] ePsf÷ckfª\u jt{dfg n8fs'x¿3fOt] ePsf÷ckfª\u jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if dlxnf b'a}_ n] cfkm" gful/s ;dfhdf kms{g'eGbf a? ;'/Iff lgsfoleq Sns{ jf cGo ;xof]uL e"ldsf lng ?rfPsf] atfP lsgeg] o;n] pgLx¿nfO{ a9L ;'/Iffsf] efjgf hfUg], åGåsf ;dodf cfkm"n] u/]sf] alnbfgsf] ;Ddfg x'g], Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLleq cfˆgf] klxrfg sfod /fVg d2t k'¥ofpg] / gful/s ;dfhdf kms{+bf a]xf]g'{kg]{ r'gf}lt kG5fpg ;lsg] x'G5 .

� ;+u7gfTds klxrfg ;+u7gfTds klxrfg

;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿, u}/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx¿ ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿, u}/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx¿ / jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] g]kfnL ;]gf / cGo ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] kf]zfs, km'nL÷k|tLsfTds lrGx / d"NodfGotfsf dfWodaf6 k|fKt klxrfg Ps dxTjk"0f{ / ljjfbd"ns ljifo xf] eg] . ;d'bfosf ;b:o, dfcf]jfbL Ot/ /fhgLlts g]tf tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] ;'/Iff lgsfosf] Jofj;flostfnfO{ xf]Rofpg ;Sg] / /fhgLlts/0f ug{ ;Sg] vfnsf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿df sfod /x]sf] /fhgLlts ljrf/wf/f / dfcf]jfbL lrGxx¿af/] lrGtf JoQm u/]sf lyP eg] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] cfˆgf o:tf k|tLs lrGx / /fhgLlts klxrfg u'Dg ;Sg] af/] lrGtf JoQm u/]sf lyP . o;f] eP tfklg clwsf+z jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] cfkm"x¿n] o; ljifodf /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;+o'Qm lg0f{osf] ;Ddfg ug{] atfPsf lyP .

;]km/jN8{ 17

(@ Ps Pshgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf Ps jt{dfg k'?if n8fs', s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ !^_ (# s'g} JolQmnfO{ vf; e"ldsf jf txdf sfd ug{sf lglDt pRr dfkb08sf nflu cfjZos kbf{ lbOg] tflndsf ¿kdf kl/eflift ul/Psf] . o;df cf}krfl/s

lzIff, zf/Ll/s, ;}lgs jf rfnafhL h:tf tflnd ;d]t kg{ ;Qm5g\ . ($ …;]gfsf] nf]stflGqs/0fÚ zAbfjnLsf] k|of]usf ;DaGwdf dflysf] kl/efiff v08df x]g'{xf];\ . (% s]Gb|Lo :t/sf gful/s ;dfhsf g]tf -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -@)!) h"g &_ (^ dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/dsf lhNnf :t/sf g]tf -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, afFs] -@)!) d] @# (& g]kfnL sf+u|];sf s]Gb|Lo :t/sf g]tf -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -@)!) h"g @_

� dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] Jofj;flostf ;'b[9 ug]{ ;Defjgf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] Jofj;flostf ;'b[9 ug]{ ;Defjgf

clwsf+z jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] cfkm"x¿n] w]/} jif{b]lv ;}lgssf ¿kdf sfd ul/cfPsf] x'gfn] tflnddf hfg' cfˆgf nflu ;+sf]rsf] ljifo x'g] atfPsf lyP . t klg w]/}n] /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfodf k|j]z ug{ tflnddf hfg' cfjZos 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]sf lyP . Pshgf k'?if n8fs'sf] egfO{ lyof]M

æ;dfof]hg cl3 hgd'lQm ;]gfleq 7"nf] dfqfdf Jofj;flostf / g]kfnL ;]gfdf nf]stflGqs/0f x'g'kb{5=======xfdLn] u'l/Nnf o'4 n8] klg, cem} xfdLdf Jofj;flos ;}lgs tflndsf] cefj 5 .Æ(@(@

jt{dfg n8fs' / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf /fhgLlts g]tfx¿jt{dfg n8fs' / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf /fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] tflnd ;'/Iff lgsfo :jo+n] lbg] xf]Og a? t6:y e"ldsfsf/n] lbg'kg]{ 7fg]sf lyP . dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf nflu Jofj;flos tflnd ljb]zdf cGt/f{li6«o k|fljlws÷;}Go ljz]if1x¿af6 lbOg'kg]{ ;'emfj klg cfPsf] lyof] . w]/} ;'/Iff lgsfosf -tNnf pkNnf b'a} txsf_ sd{rf/Lx¿;'/Iff lgsfosf -tNnf pkNnf b'a} txsf_ sd{rf/Lx¿n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] Jofj;flostfsf] lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu lbOg] tflnd ;dfof]hgdf hfg] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs' / /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf sd{rf/LaLr ;+u7gfTds Pstfsf nflu Ps d'Vo kIf /x]sf] atfPsf lyP .

g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L an h:tf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿ -pkNnf / tNnf b'a} txsf clws[tx¿_ n] s}of}+k6s ljz]if u/L dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf dfGotfnfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf dfGotftkm{ 9Nsfpg]] ;Gbe{df ;]t' tflnd(#(#sf] cfjZostf /x]sf] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf lyP . t/ o:tf] tflnd ;'/Iff lgsfosf Jofj;flostfdfly cfFr gk'¥ofpg] tyf ;dfof]hgnfO{ ;kmn t'Nofpg ;xh agfpg] vfnsf] x'g'kg]{ egfO{ lyof] .

� /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] nf]stfGqLs/0fsf] /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] nf]stfGqLs/0fsf]($ k|Zg k|Zg

gful/s ;dfhgful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw¿n] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿n] ;'/Iff If]qnfO{ nf]stfGqLs ljlwaf6 lgjf{lrt ePsf] ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf Nofpg / p;k|lt pQ/bfoL agfpg g]kfnL ;]gfn] a9L nf]stflGqs x'g' cfjZos /x]sf] / To;sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ tflnd lbg' lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ kIf /x]sf] eGg] ljrf/sf] ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . o;sf ;fy} sltko gful/s ;dfh, ;+u7gx¿n] vr{ / ah]6sf] ljlgof]hg a9L kf/bzL{ x'g'kg]{ / ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] cg'udg ug'{kg]{ egfO{ /fv] . Ps gful/s ;dfh k|ltlglw eGb} lyP M

æg]kfnL ;]gfsf] nf]stfGqLs/0fsf] cy{ ;+:yfleq kf/blz{tf / ;dfj]zLs/0f ug'{ xf] . g]kfnL ;]gfn] a9L tflnd kfpg'k5{ / u}/;}lgs gful/sk|lt lhDd]jf/ x'g] lzIff kfpg' k5{ . ljutdf pgLx¿n] /fhfk|lt lhDd]jf/ x'g] lzIff kfPsf lyP ======g]kfnL ;]gfn] sfg'g cg';f/ sfd ug'{k5{, sfg'geGbf dfly a;]/ sfd ug]{ xf]Og .Æ(%(%

sltko u}/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ -g]kfnL sf+u|];, g]skf Pdfn] tyf hftLo cfwf/sf /fhgLlts bnx¿_ n] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] kof{Kt dfqfdf ;LdfGtLs[t hflt / hghftLo ;d"xx¿ / dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj gu/]sf] x'gfn] ltgsf nf]stflGqs d"No dfGotfnfO{ ;'b[9 kfg'{kg]{ ljrf/sf] kIfdf cledt hfx]/ u/]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps dw];L /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfn] o;f] eg]sf lyPM

ædnfO{ nfU5, ;]gfdf nf]stfGqLs/0f clt g} cfjZos 5 . ;]gf /fi6«sf] uf}/j x'g'kg]{ xf] t/ ePsf] 5}g . pbfx/0fsf nflu dw]zL hgtf yf]/} dfq pRr hftsf ;d"xx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ul/cfPsf] g]kfnL ;]gfdflysf] cfˆgf] :jfldTjdf ljZj:t ePsf] 7fGb}gg\ . ;]gfsf] efiff clehft ju{;Fu 7\ofSs} ldN5 h'g dw];Lx¿n] af]Ng ;Qm}gg\ .Æ(^(^

o;sf ;fy}, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf Ps g]tfn] eg]sf lyPM

æ;dfof]hg lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] Ps d'Vo efu xf], of] ug}{ k5{, t/ Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] lsl;dn] dfq} x'g'k5{ . o;n] ;'/Iff lgsfodf plrt dfqfdf k|ltlglwTj x'g g;s]sf dlxnf, blnt / dw];LnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] x'g'k5{ .Æ(&(&

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(* g]kfnL ;]gfsf pkNnf] txsf k"j{ clws[t -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -@)!) d] !#_ (( Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf Ps jt{dfg k'?if n8fs';Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ !*_

sltko u}/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts tyf gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] ;dfof]hgsf lglDt lglZrt ;d"xx¿nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg'kg]{df ;d]t ;xdlt hgfP . o;f] eP klg o;sf jl/kl/ ljBdfg / o; k|lqmofdf cj/f]w Nofpg ;Sg] vfnsf /fhgLlts clglZrttfx¿sf] klxrfg u/]sf lyP . klxnf], Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;dfof]hgsf nflu dflg;x¿sf] k|fyldstf tf]Sg'k5{ lsgeg] o;n] gofF ;+o'Qm ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df 7"nf] k|efj lbnfpg ;S5 . w]/} dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf k;]b]lv g} aRrfx¿ 5g\ / clxn] cfP/ cGo k|fyldstfsf sf/0fn] dfcf]jfbLsf] rfxgfk|ltsf] pgLx¿sf] ;dk{0fnfO{ uf}0f agfpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5 . Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL ;LdfGtLs[t hflt hghfltnfO{ k|fyldstf lbP/ ;dfof]hgsf] kIfdf hfg ;Qm}g lsgeg] o;n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfleqsf cGo hfltsf n8fs'x¿aLr dfcf]jfbL lj?4 ljb|f]xnfO{ e8\sfpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf x'G5 eGg] 7flgPsf] ;d]t kfOPsf] lyof] . o; ljk/Lt, pgLx¿n] /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n], vf;u/L g]kfnL ;]gfn], ;'/Iff lgsfodf /x]sf] clxn]sf] dlxnf ;+VofnfO{ x\jfQ} a9fOlbg] ePsfn] dfcf]jfbL dlxnf n8fs'x¿nfO{ cTolws ;+Vofdf ;dfof]hg ug]{ s'/fdf ljdlt /fVg ;Qm5g\ eGg] cy{ nufPsf lyP . h] xf];\, s]xL gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw / u}/ Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf /fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] dlxnfx¿n] ;dfof]hg k"/f ePkl5 ;'/Iff lgsfosf lj?4 ljb|f]x ug]{ jf ltgnfO{ layf]Ng] ;Defjgf sd ePsfn] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] k'?ifeGbf a9L dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{ ;Sg] atfPsf lyP . lsg klg eg] ;'/Iff lgsfodf dlxnfx¿sf] ;+Vof a9]df To;n] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo zflGt ;]gfsf ld;gdf ;]jf ug{sf lglDt g]kfnL kmf}hk|ltsf] cfsif{0f klg a9\g hfg] pgLx¿sf] wf/0ff lyof] .

;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf clwsf+z sd{rf/Lx¿;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf clwsf+z sd{rf/Lx¿ -ljz]if u/L ;a} lgsfosf pkNnf] txsf clws[tx¿_ n] v'n]/} cfk"mnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 k"/f ug]{ qmddf ;fdflhs n}lËstf -h]08/_ / dfgj clwsf/af/] k|lzIf0fsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] atfP . s]xL] -;a} lgsfosf ;a} txsf_ n] cfkm"x¿ klxn]b]lv g} nf]stflGqs /x]sf], ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 zflGt ;]gfsf] ld;gsf nflu dfkb08 k"/f ug{ cGt/f{li6«o bafa y]Ug dfgj clwsf/ dfkb08 tyf n}ª\lus ;dfgtfsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ sbd rfln;s]sf] x'gfn] …nf]stfGqLs/0fÚsf] tflnd cfjZos gkg]{ ljjfb ;fd'Gg] NofP . pbfx/0fsf lglDt g]kfnL ;]gfsf Ps k"j{ d]h/ hg/nsf] egfO{ lyof] M

æPg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] nf]stfGqLs/0fsf] rfxgf unt 5 . g]kfnL ;]gfsf] g]t[Tj ;]gf hgk|ltlglwsf] nf]stflGqs lgoGq0f cGtu{t cfpg'kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; ub{5 . To;}n] nf]stfGqLs/0f ToxLF z'? x'G5, ToxLF ;lsG5 .Æ(*(*

;a} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ / s]xL k"j{ n8fs'x¿k"j{ n8fs'x¿ , /fhgLlts k|ltlglwx¿/fhgLlts k|ltlglwx¿ -;a} /fhgLlts bnsf_, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿ -s]Gb|Lo tyf lhNnf b'a} txsf_ clg ;d'bfosf ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] n}lËs ¿kn] ;+j]bgzLn ;dfof]hg gLltsf] th'{df ubf{ Vofn ug'{kg]{ k|d'v ljifox¿df rf;f] JoQm u/] . pgLx¿n] g]kfnL ;]gf jf cGo ;'/Iff lgsfosf eGbf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿n] n}lËstfsf ljifodf tflnd lnPsf] / åGå sfndf dlxnf clwsf/sf nflu n8]sf] atfP . pNn]vgLo ;+Vofdf dlxnf -osLg ;+Vof cem} lglZrt geO{ ;s] tfklg_ n8fs' /x]sf] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf nflu ;dfof]lht ;}lgsdf klg dlxnf clwsf/sf] /Iff eGg] s'/f] clt dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] atfOof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps hgf at{dfg k'?if n8fs'n] eg]sf lyP M

æg]kfnL ;dfhsf] lkt[;QfTds rl/qn] dlxnfx¿nfO{ oq tq ;j{q e]befj ul/Psf] 5 eGg] a'emfpF5 . hgd'lQm ;]gfdf h:tf] g]kfnL ;]gfdf dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ul/Gg . To;sf/0f ;dfof]hgdf dlxnfsf] clwsf/nfO{ k|Tofe"t ug{ Ps gLltsf] ljsf; ug'{ cfjZos 5 .Æ((((

;fy}, ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] cjlwdf / To;kl5 dlxnfsf] nflu s] s] Joj:yf ul/G5 eGg] af/] klg s'/f p7fOPsf lyP . ljz]if u/L logdf k|hgg :jf:Yo ;]jf, cfl>tx¿sf nflu :ofxf/ ;';f/ tyf of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;faf6 ;+/If0f h:tf ljifo ;d]l6Psf lyP . b[i6fGtsf nflu gful/s ;dfhsf Ps jl/i7 ;b:on] eg]sf lyPM

æxfd|f ;'/Iff kmf}hdf a9L dlxnf etL{ ug'{k5{ . t/ xfd|f cfwf/e"t ;'ljwfx¿ dlxnfsf cfjZostf x]/L l8hfOg ul/Psf 5}gg\ . g]kfnL ;]gfsf s]xL Aof/]s t SofG6f]Gd]06eGbf klg v/fa xfntdf 5g\ / a;fO{sf] cj:yf /fd|f] 5}g . dlxnfx¿nfO{ of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf] hf]lvd sd ug{ pgLx¿sf nflu 5'§} zf}rfno tyf g'xfpg] w'jfpg] sf]7fsf]

@=@=@=$ ;dfof]hgsf nflu ;dfof]hgsf nflu n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLn pkfon}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLn pkfo

;]km/jN8{ 1919

!)) s]Gb|Lo :t/sf gful/s ;dfhsf g]tf -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -@)!) d] @@_ !)! g]kfn k|x/Lsf dWod txsf clws[t -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, l;Gw'kfNrf]s -@)!) h"g &_ . !)@ g]kfnL ;]gfsf pRr txsf k"j{ clws[t -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+, -@)!) d] !#_ . !)# k"j{jt\ . !)$ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj !#@% n] åGåsf] /f]syfd, ;dfwfg, zflGt lgdf{0f tyf åGåf]Q/ ;d:ofsf ;dfwfg ;a}df n}lËs cjwf/0ffnfO{

;dfj]z ug{ cfJxfg u/]sf] 5 . !)% ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj !*@) n] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] g]t[Tj u/]sf] ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ tyf 8L8Lcf/ lqmofsnfkdf dlxnf ;+:yfx¿;Fu Jofks

dfqfdf k/fdz{ ug{ cfJxfg u/]sf] 5 . !)^ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj !*** n] åGå k|efljt d'n'sdf of}ghGo lx+;fsf] cGTo ug{'kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5 . !)& ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj !**( n] zflGt k|lqmofsf ;a} r/0fdf vf;u/L n}lËs d"n k|jfxLs/0fsf dfWodaf6 åGåsf] ;dfwfg, åGåf]Q/

of]hgf / zflGt lgdf{0f cflbdf dlxnf ;xeflutfdf ;'wf/ ug]{ pkfo ckgfpg cfx\jfg ub{5 . !)* g]kfn k|x/Lsf Ps pRr txsf clws[t -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{ -@)!) h"g ̂ _

Joj:yf u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . clxn]nfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfdf To:tf ;'ljwf / k"jf{wf/ 5}gg\ To;sf/0f o:tf k"jf{wf/ / ;'ljwfdf nufgL x'g' cfjZos 5 .Æ!))

;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L -;a} >]0fLsf_, vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/Lsf, n] /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf aLr Jojxf/, k|ltlglwTj tyf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn gLltx¿sf ;DaGwdf n}lËs leGgtf ljBdfg /x]sf] :jLsf/ u/]sf lyP . o;f] eP klg s]xL hgf - vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/Ldf_ n] n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ k|of;x¿ ul/;lsPsf] atfP . pbfx/0fsf nflu g]kfn k|x/Lsf Ps dWod >]0fLsf clws[tn] eg] M

æxfdLsxfF dlxnfsf nflu ;'ljwf 5, pgLx¿nfO{ b'O{ dxLgfsf] ;'Ts]/L ljbf lbOG5 / g]kfn k|x/Ldf k'?if hlQs} pxL k|sf/sf cj;/ dlxnfnfO{ pknAw x'G5g\ . dlxnf k|x/Lsf >Ldfg\ klg g]kfn k|x/Ldf ePsf v08df afa' ag]sf]df p;nfO{ klg !! lbgsf] 5'§L lbOG5 . dlxnfn] tflnd cjlwe/ ljz]if ljbf gkfP klg pgLx¿nfO{ s]xL vfnsf] h}ljs ;d:of k/]sf v08df cf}krfl/s gLlt geP klg xfdL 5'§L lbG5f}+ . xfdL kl/jf/ ePsf dlxnf k|x/LnfO{ Aof/]s aflx/ glhs} >Ldfg\;+Fu a:g cg'dlt lbG5f}+ . xfdL;Fu dlxnf k|x/Lsf nflu leGg} Aof/]s / zf}rfno h:tf ;'ljwf klg 5g\ . pgLx¿sf nflu pGglt ug]{ k|To]s cj;/ x'G5 / g]kfn k|x/Ldf pRr txsf kbdf w]/} dlxnfx¿ 5g\ .Æ!)!

cGo, vf;u/L g]kfnL ;]gfsf, n] dlxnfsf nflu ;+Vof / ;'ljwf yKg' cfjZos /x]sf] t/ ;/sf/L ;xof]usf] cefj x'g' g} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] cj/f]w /x]sf] atfPsf lyP .!)@ pbfx/0fsf nflu Pshgf pRr ;}lgs clws[t -cjsfzk|fKt_ sf] egfO{ o;k|sf/ /x]sf] lyof] M

æg]kfnL ;]gf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof yKg rfxG5 t/ ;/sf/ g} ;xof]uL 5}g . dlxnfsf nflu uf]kgLotf / 5'§} g'xfpg] w'g] sf]7f tyf zf}rfnosf] cfjZostf x'G5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 t/ ;/sf/n] g} of] dx;'; u/L gLlt g} agfP/ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg'k5{ .Æ!)#

oBlk s]xL gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿ / /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf k|:tfjx¿ !#@%+!)$, !*@)!)%, !***!)^ / !**(!)& af/] hfgsf/ /x] klg / :yfgLo :t/df, cg';Gwfgsf a]nf cGtjf{tf{ lnFbf ;a} geP klg clwsf+z jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿, ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿, /fhg}lts g]tfx¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgsf] k|;ª\udf oL k|:tfjaf/] cgle1 /x]sf] atfPsf lyP .

� ;'Ts]/L;DaGwL Joj:yf ;'Ts]/L;DaGwL Joj:yf

clwsf+z jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L dlxnf_ n] ;dfof]hg k|:tfjdf ;'Ts]/L ljbfsf] Joj:yf tyf ue{jtL cj:yfdf sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] Joj:yf ug'{ cfjZos ePsf] atfP .

s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿ -vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/Lsf_ o;sf ;dy{s lyP hals cGo s]xLn] ;'Ts]/L ljbf / dlxnfsf ;fF:s[lts bfloTjx¿sf] ljifonfO{ ;+:yfut ¿kdf lgjf{x ug}{kg]{ st{Josf ¿kdf lng'eGbf kl/jf/leqsf] lgodsf ?kdf lnO{ ;sf/fTds ?kdf cfTd;ft ug'{kg]{ ljrf/ /fv] . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps jl/i7 k|x/L clws[tn] eg]sf lyPM

æg]kfn k|x/Ldf k|j]z ug{ !* jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf] x'g'k5{ . o;sf] cy{ xf] k|x/Ldf k|j]z u/]sf] s]xL ;doleq} dlxnfn] ljjfx ul5{g\ / aRrf hGdfpFl5g\ . o;af6 dlxnfsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg Ifdtfdf c;/ k5{ . Psflt/ dlxnfn] cfkm"nfO{ k'?if a/fa/ x'F eGg] / cem csf]{lt/ pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] kfl/jfl/s bfloTjsf sf/0fn]] s'g} s'g} 8\o'6L ug{ ;St}gf}+ -h:t} ;GWofsfnLg 8\o'6L_ klg eGg] Û k|x/Ldf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof j[l4 ePdf xfdL To:tf k|fljlws r'gf}ltx¿sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;]jfdf k|j]z u/]kl5sf z'?sf s]xL jif{ ljx] ug{ lgif]w ug]{ gofF gLlt agfpg ;f]Rt}5f}+ .Æ!)*

20 ;femf ynf] <

!)( g]kfnL ;]gfsf Ps pRr txsf clws[t -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{ -@)!) h'nfO{ $_ !!) Ps hgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs', ;d"xdf cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf, Onfd -@)!) km]a|'c/L !(_ !!! g]kfn k|x/Lsf Ps pRr txsf k"j{ clws[t -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+, -@)!) d] !(_

o;sf ;fy} g]kfnL ;]gfsf Ps pRr txsf clws[tn] eg]sf lyPM

æxfd|f aRrfaRrL ePsfn] xfdL ;do kfpg'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf xfdL ;xdt x'g ;Qm}gf}+ . To;} sf/0fn] xfdL ue{jtL dlxnfnfO{ lnGgf}+ . aRrfaRrL ePsf dlxnfn] k'?ifsf t'ngfdf ;kmtntfk"j{s cfˆgf] st{Jo k"/f ug{ w]/} r'gf}lt em]Ng'k5{ .Æ!)(

o;n] n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ ;+:yfut txdf lsg PsLs[t t'Nofpg'k5{ eGg] s'/faf/]] /fd|} k|sfz kfb{5 M g]kfnL ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df sfd ubf{, tflnd / ;fdfGo sfo{ ;Dkfbg cflb ;]jfdf dlxnfsf cfjZostfnfO{ Vofn ul/Psf] 5 egL k|Tofe"t ug{' kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} g]kfn e/sf ;a} /f]huf/ If]q ;DalGwt >d P]g sfg'gdf ;dfg cj;/ / dfkb08nfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ qmddf ;'/Iff lgsfosf nflu agfOPsf ;]jf;DaGwL P]g sfg'gdf klg g]kfnL] kl/k|]Iodf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf emlNsPsf] x'g' cfjZos 5 .

� kl/jf/nfO{ ;xof]u kl/jf/nfO{ ;xof]u

jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf b'a}_ n] ;dfof]hg k|:tfjdf sfd ug]{ ;dodf cfl>tx¿sf] :ofxf/ ;';f/sf nflu ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfsf] dxTjdfly hf]8 lbPsf lyP . vf;u/L pNn]Vo ;+Vofsf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf nfu]sf sf/0f jf cGthf{tLo ljjfx u/]sf sf/0f kl/jf/;Fusf] ;DaGwaf6 6fl9g' k/]sf] jf c:jLs[t ePsf] ;Gbe{df o; s'/fnfO{ a9L dxTj lbOPsf] lyof] -x]g'{xf];\ k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL tnsf] v08 @=@=#_ / To;sf/0f kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] afnaflnsfsf] x]/rfx u5{g\ eGg] s'/fdf e/ kg{ g;s]sf] atfOPsf] lyof] . ctM sfd ug]{ ;dodf afnaflnsfsf] :ofxf/ ;';f/sf] nflu ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ ljifonfO{ /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfodf k'?if a/fa/ dlxnfn] ;dfg e"ldsf lgjf{x u5{g\ egL k|Tofe"t ug{sf nflu dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] lyof] . Jof/]sdf aRrf ePsf dlxnfx¿sf nflu kl/jf/ OsfO{ - cfdf jf afa'dWo] Ps dfq ePsf afnaflnsfsf nflu t'ngfTds ¿kdf a9L ;+Vofdf_ cfjf; u[xsf] Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ ;'emfj klg cfPsf] lyof] .

� cfl>tx¿nfO{ lzIff cfl>tx¿nfO{ lzIff

w]/} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a}_ n] ;dfof]hg k|:tfjdf afnaflnsfsf nflu ljz]if u/L kl/jf/af6 afnaflnsfsf] b]vefnsf] ;xof]u gkfpg] afa'cfdf -vf;u/L Psn_ x¿sf nflu lzIff ;]jfsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{ atfP . s]xL n8fs'x¿n] ;dfof]hg k|:tfjdf afnaflnsfnfO{ af]l8{ª :s"ndf k7fpg] jf Aof/]ssf] glhs} ;/sf/L :s"n gePsf v08df Aof/]sleq} lzIff ;'ljwf x'g'kg]{ k|fjwfg /fVg ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'n] eg]sL lyOg\M

æ/fHon] xfd|f 5f]/f5f]/Lsf nflu lgMz'Ns lzIff / sfkL lstfa pknAw u/fpg'k5{ / -pgLx¿_ nfO{ ;'/lIft jftfj/0fdf x'sf{pg cj;/sf] k|Tofe"lt ul/lbg'k5{ . xfdL ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg ePkl5 Aof/]sdf x'g] x'gfn] xfdLnfO{ afnaRrfsf] kl5 nfUg uf¥xf] kg{ ;S5, glhs} :s"n gx'g ;S5g\ To;}n] xfd|f afnaRrfnfO{ af]l8{ª :s"ndf lzIff lbg'k5{ .Æ!!)

yf]/} ;+Vofsf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] rflxF cfl>t afnaflnsf g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L an / g]kfn k|x/Ldf sfd ug]{ afa'cfdfsf afnaflnsf k9\g] /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfo;Fu ;Da4 :s"nx¿df hfg ;Sg] ;'emfj lbP . pbfx/0f:j?k, Ps k"j{ jl/i7 k|x/L clws[tsf] egfO{ o;k|sf/ lyof] M

æ;dfof]hg ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf cfl>t afnaRrfn] clxn] ePs} lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] k|of]u ug{ ;Qm5g\ . ;a} b/ ;x'lnotdf 5g\ / lgDg cfly{s k[i7e"ld ePsf of]Uo pDd]bjf/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] ul/Psf] 5 . oL sNof0fsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] d'Vo nIo ToxL g} xf] .Æ!!!

� tflnd tyf >]0fL / a9'jfdf n}lËs ;dfgtf tflnd tyf >]0fL / a9'jfdf n}lËs ;dfgtf

jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf_ n] ;dfof]hg k|:tfjdf dlxnfnfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfodf k'?if a/fa/ tx ldnfg -pRr >]0fLdf ;d]t_, a9'jf tyf tflnd lbg'k5{ eGg] k|Tofe"t ug]{ Joj:yf ;dfj]z ug{'kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm u/] . o;sf] ;dy{g ub}{ gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] o;af6 ;dfhsf] ;fdflhs ljsf;df ;xof]u k'Ug] atfPsf lyP .

;]km/jN8{ 2121

!!@ jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs', ;d"x 5nkmndf, ;'v]{t -@%÷)#÷@)!)_ !!# k|d'v hfgsf/ k"j{ pRr txsf clws[t, sf7df8f}+ -!#÷)%÷@)!)_

� ;'/Iff lgsfoleq} of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf] /f]syfd tyf To:tf dfldnf x]g]{ ;'/Iff lgsfoleq} of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf] /f]syfd tyf To:tf dfldnf x]g]{ ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf

w]/} jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L dlxnf_ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L -vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/L_ n] dlxnfx¿nfO{ of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf] hf]lvd sd ug{ / To:tf 36gf ePsf v08df x]g{ Ps gofF ;+oGq :yfkgf ug'[{kg]{ cfjZostfdf hf]8 lbPsf lyP . o:tf] ;+oGqn] ;'Tg] tyf ;/;kmfO{ ug]{ cfjf;x¿ leGgfleGg} agfpg] / Jof/]sleq} kL8fdf -6«pdf_ k/fdz{ ug]{ ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] h:tf Jofjxfl/s pkfo ckgfpg] sfd ug{'kb{5 . o;n] sfg'gL ;+oGqnfO{ klg ;d]6]sf] x'g'k5{ . Pshgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'sf] egfO{ lyof]M

æxfdLnfO{ nfU5, ;dfof]hgkl5 xfdLdfly of}ghGo lx+;f x'g ;S5 . To;sf/0f=====ToxfF -;'/Iff lgsfox¿leq_ of}ghGo lx+;fsf 36gfsf] ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ / ck/fwLnfO{ bl08t ug]{ Ps alnof] sfg'gL ;+oGq x'g}kb{5 .Æ!!@

;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L -;a} lgsfo / txsf_ n]] cfkm";Fu kof{Kt dfqfdf ;'ljwf gePsf] / a;fO{sf] cj:yf SofG6f]gd]06df eGbf klg -vf;u/L g]kfnL ;]gfsf Aof/]sdf_ v/fa ePsfn] o;nfO{ cfjZos 7fg] .

� ;'/Iff lgsfodf n}lËs ;dfgtf;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4 ;'/Iff lgsfodf n}lËs ;dfgtf;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4

n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn ;dfof]hg gLltsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg s]xL jt{dfg jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_, s]Gb|Lo / lhNnf :t/sf /fhgLlts g]tfx¿/fhgLlts g]tfx¿ -;a} bnsf_ / ;'/Iff ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Llgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] /fHon] tflnd, uf]i7L / cfd ;~rf/sf dfWodaf6 n}lËs ;dfgtf;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug{'kg]{ atfP . o;n] lkt[;QfTds ;fF:s[lts ljZjf;x¿nfO{ x6fpg d2t ug'{sf ;fy} ;dfhleq ;'/Iff lgsfodf dlxnfsf] e"ldsfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ cj:yf l;h{gf ug]{ / /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ tyf /fli6«o ;'/Iff;DaGwL gLltx¿df n}lËs ;dfgtfnfO{ k|j4{g ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] x'g;S5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps pRr txsf k"j{ ;}lgs clws[tsf] egfO{ lyof]M

æ;fdfGotof sfdsfhL dlxnfk|ltsf] ;dfhsf] dfgl;stf kl/jt{g geP;Dd g]kfnL ;]gf / To:t} k|sf/sf cGo ;+:yfx¿df kl/jt{g x'G5 eGg] ck]Iff ug'{ a]sf/ 5 . ;]gfdf SofK6]g eO;s]sL Ps dlxnf ha a]n'sf 3/ k'lU5g\, g]kfnL ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts cEof;n] tyf pgsf] kl/jf/n] pgn] vfgf ksfPsf]], efF8f dfe]msf] jf s'rf] a9f/]sf] b]Vg rfxG5, ta pgn] cGo k'?if l;kfxLh:t} cfkm"nfO{ dfly /flv/fVg d'lZsn k5{ . of] k/Dk/fut n}lËs e"ldsf lj:tf/} ljsl;t ePsf] xf] / kl/jt{g klg lj:tf/} x'G5 . h] eP klg of] ablng} k5{ .Æ!!#

� n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLntf ;DaGwL tflnd n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLntf ;DaGwL tflnd

s]xL jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / u}/ Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL u}/ Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿/fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf ;a} txsf sd{rf/Ln] ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] Ps efusf ¿kdf n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLntf tyf dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL tflnd lbg'kg]{ cfjZostf ;d]t klxrfg u/]sf lyP . ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] o;nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 k"/f ug{sf nflu eg]/ Totflt/ hf]8]sf lyP . o;n] n}lËs ;dfgtf a9fpg, k'?if / dlxnfsf km/s km/s cfjZostf klxrfg ug{ / ltgnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ tyf ;+:yfut Pj+ sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf txdf n}lËs ljifonfO{ d"n k|jfxLs/0fdf NofO;lsPsf] 5 egL k|Tofe"t ug{sf nflu pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf a9fpg ;Qm5 .

� n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn ;dfof]hgsf pQd b[i6fGtx¿nfO{ Wofgdf /fVg ;'emfj n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn ;dfof]hgsf pQd b[i6fGtx¿nfO{ Wofgdf /fVg ;'emfj

s]xL jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L dlxnf_ n] cGo d'n'sdf rln/x]sf pQd cEof;x¿ / l;lsPsf kf7x¿nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ xfd|f] d'n'ssf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn ;dfof]hg gLltx¿ ljsl;t ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsfx¿ dWo]sf w]/}n] Jojxf/df n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn ;'/Iff If]q gLlt / sfo{qmd s:tf x'G5g\ eGg] 1fg g} geO{sg s;/L ;dfof]hg k|:tfjx¿nfO{ cToflws dfqfdf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ;'emfj lbg sl7g x'g] atfP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Pshgf jt{dfg k'?if n8fs'n] eg]sf lyPM

æclxn] g]kfnL ;]gfdf sd dfq dlxnf 5g\ / ltgn] cfˆgf k'?if ;dsIfLx¿;Fu k|lt:k4f{ ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/fdf d 9'Ss 5' . dlxnf ;}lgsx¿ s]xL dfq If]qdf k'?ifeGbf sdhf]/ b]lvg

22 ;femf ynf] <

!!$ jt{dfg k'?if n8fs', Ps–Ps hgf;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{df, ;'v]{t -@%÷)#÷@)!)_ !!% ;+/f;+ ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf k|:tfj !#@% / !*@) cg'¿k !!^ /fli6«o :t/sf gful/s ;dfhsf g]tf -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -@)!) d] @@_ !!& Ps Ps hgf u/L lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps hgf k'?if n8fs', Onfd -@)!) km]a|'c/L @%_ !!* Ps Ps hgf u/L lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps hgf k'?if n8fs', l;Gw'nL -@)!) clk|n !)_

;S5g\ t/ pgLx¿ -g]kfnL ;]gf_ n] dlxnf egf{ u/]sf / ;kmn l;4 ePsf cGo d'n'ssf] ;}Go anx¿sf] ;dLIff ug'{kb{5 . pgLx¿n] dlxnfx¿nfO{ cj;/ lbg'k5{ / s;/L o:tf] ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f ;}Go ;+/rgfleq n}lËstf —d}qL gLltsf] cg'ej a6'n]sf cGo d'n'saf6 l;Sg'kb{5 .!!$

� ;dfof]hgsf nflu 5flgPsf k"j{ of]Uo dlxnf n8fs'nfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] zflGt ;]gfdf v6fpg] ;dfof]hgsf nflu 5flgPsf k"j{ of]Uo dlxnf n8fs'nfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] zflGt ;]gfdf v6fpg] ;'emfj;'emfj!!%!!%

s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L -vf; u/Lsg ;a} ;'/Iff lgsfosf pRr txsf clws[tx¿_, /fli6«o :t/sf /fhgLlts g]tfx¿/fhgLlts g]tfx¿ -;a} bnsf_ / gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] ;dfof]hgsf nflu 5flgPsf k"j{ of]Uo dlxnf n8fs'nfO{ /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf] Jofj;flostf tyf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf / ltgsf] lghL cg'ej lgdf{0f ug]{ pkfosf ¿kdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] zflGt ;]gfdf ;xefuL x'g ljb]zdf v6fpg] ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . b[i6fGtsf ¿kdf lncf}+ Ps gful/s ;dfhsf g]tfsf] egfO{M

æg]kfn ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] zflGt ;]gfdf Pp6f 7"n} v]nf8L xf] / o;df dlxnfnfO{ etL{ ug]{ s'/fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf kfl/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL ;]gfdf w]/} dlxnf 5}gg\, hgd'lQm ;]gfdf eg] 5g\ . To;}n] ;dfof]hg u/]kl5 xfdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ tL lgof]ux¿df k7fpg'k5{ . o;n] pgLx¿nfO{ Jofj;flos tflnd pknAw u/fpF5 / ha pgLx¿ kms{G5g\ oxfFsf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf nflu / o; b]zsf nflu w]/} zlQmzfnL ;DklQ aGg]5g\ .Æ!!^

cg';Gwfgaf6 vf]hL ul/Psf dxTjk"0f{ a'Fbfx¿nfO{ oxfF v08Ls/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;fd'bflos :t/df / JolQmsf dgf];fdflhs tyf :jf:Yo cfjZostfnfO{ x]b}{ k'g:yf{kgsf cfly{s kIf -/f]huf/L / hLljsf_ / ;fdflhs kIf -d]nldnfk_ df klxrfg ePsf ljleGg ljifonfO{ /]vfª\sg ug{sf nflu o;/L v08Ls/0f ul/Psf] xf] . cTolws lbuf] kl/0ffdlt/ n}hfg] clt ;kmn k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿n] ;du| ljlw -xf]lnl:6s Pk|f]r_ sf dfWodaf6 JolQm tyf ;dbfo b'a}nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5g\ eGg] vf]hdf of] cfwfl/t 5 .

� dfcf]jfbL ;}lgs n8fs'x¿sf] ;'xfpFbf] Kofs]h lbPsf v08df gful/s hLjgdf kms{g] rfxgf dfcf]jfbL ;}lgs n8fs'x¿sf] ;'xfpFbf] Kofs]h lbPsf v08df gful/s hLjgdf kms{g] rfxgf

dfly elgP em}+, cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf s/La ̂ ) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] JolQmut ¿kdf ;'xfpFbf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lbOPsf v08df gful/s hLjgdf kms{g] rfxgf JoQm u/] -o;df s] s] ;dfj]z x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/f tn x]g'{xf];\_ . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps jt{dfg k'?if n8fs'n] eg]sf lyPM

æ;/sf/n] xfdLnfO{ ufF;, af;, lzIff, Jofj;flos tflnd / cfly{s nfe pknAw u/fpg] Uof/]06L u5{ eg] w]/} hgd'lQm ;]gf /fli6«o ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df k|j]z ug'{eGbf ;dfhd} kms{g v';L x'G5g\ eGg] s'/fdf d ;sf/fTds 5' .Æ!!&

gful/s hLjgdf kms{g rfxg] ̂ ) k|ltztdWo]] $) k|ltzt k'?if lyP eg] ̂ ) k|ltzt dlxnf -w]/}h;f] afnaRrf ePsf dlxnf_ lyP . w]/}sf nflu gful/s hLjgdf kms{g] rfxgf jt{dfg /fhgLlts kl/l:yltsf] JolQmut d"Nofª\sg tyf ;dfof]hgsf nflu jf:tjdf t'ngfTds ¿kdf yf]/} dfq dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ of]Uo x'g ;Sg] wf/0ffdf cfwfl/t lyof] . kmn:j?k gful/s ;dfhdf kms{g' cfˆgf] k|fyldstf eP klg geP klg cfkm"n] ;dfof]hgsf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] dfkb08 k"/f ug{ g;Sg] dx;'; ug]{ 3fOt]÷ ckfª\u jt{dfg n8fs' nufot w]/} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf_ n] dfgl;s ¿kdf gful/s ;dfhdf kms{g] lg0f{o u/]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps jt{dfg k'?if n8fs'n] eg]sf lyPM

æxfdLnfO{ yfxf 5, xfdL ;a} hgf ;dfof]hgdf kg{ ;Sg] 5}gf}+, To;}n] j}slNks Joj:yf ug}{ k5{ . xfdLnfO{ /fHon] klxn] ljbf ul/Psf hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ u/]sf] Jojxf/ h:tf] gu/f];\ . xfdLnfO{ cfly{s ¿kn] cfTdlge{/ agfpg] vfnsf k};f of sfd rflxG5 .Æ!!*

c? s]xLsf nflu gful/s hLjgdf kms{g' pgLx¿sf] klxnf] 5gf]6 xf] . vf;u/L /fhgLltdf nfUg rfxg] k'?ifx¿ / ;dfof]hgkl5 cfˆgf afnaRrfsf] :ofxf/ ;';f/sf] lrGtf ug]{ dlxnfx¿df o;sf k|df0f b]lvPsf lyP . b[i6fGtsf nflu o; egfO{nfO{ x]/f}+M

@=@=#= k'g:yf{kgsf ljifodf k'g:yf{kgsf ljifodf klxrfg jf vf]h ul/Psf klxrfg jf vf]h ul/Psf

dxTjk"0f{ a'Fbf dxTjk"0f{ a'Fbf

@=@=#=!= ;fdfGo klxrfg jf = ;fdfGo klxrfg jf vf]hx¿ vf]hx¿

;]km/jN8{ 23

!!( Ps Ps hgf u/L lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps hgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs', ;'v]{t -@)!) dfr{ @^_ !@) Ps Ps hgf u/L lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps hgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs', gjnk/f;L -@)!) clk|n @@_ !@! Ps Ps hgf u/L lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps hgf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs', s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ *_

æd}n] hgd'lQm ;]gfdf d]/f] hLjgsf ̂ jif{ latfPF / dnfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg ul/Pnf eGg] lglZrt 5}g . xfdLh:tf dlxnfnfO{ ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg ug}{k5{ eGg] dnfO{ nfUb}g lsgeg] xfd|f afnaRrf 5g\ . s]xL dlxnf ue{jtL 5g\, s]xLsf aRrf w]/} ;fgf 5g\, ltgnfO{ d2t ug]{ sf]xL 5}g . t/ xfdLn] cfˆgf] cj;/ -hLljsf / lzIff_ nfO{ kf6L{ / ;du| ;dfhsf lglDt alnbfg u/]sf] x'gfn] xfd|f] kf6L{n] 7Ls 9ª\un] ;xof]u unf{ eGg] cfzf /fv]sf 5f}+ .Æ!!(

� ev{/}sf n8fs'x¿ cfkm" hxfFaf6 cfPsf] xf] To;} ;d'bfodf kms{g rfxGgg\ ev{/}sf n8fs'x¿ cfkm" hxfFaf6 cfPsf] xf] To;} ;d'bfodf kms{g rfxGgg\

s/La *% k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] cfkm" hGd]–x's]{sf] ufpF7fpFdf kms]{/ hfg ?rfPsf lyPgg\ . dWo / ;'b"/ klZrdsf kxf8L If]qsf w]/} b'u{d u|fdL0f Onfsfx¿af6 cfPsf n8fs'sf nflu d"n ynf]df kms{g grfxg'sf k5fl8 d'Vo ¿kdf ltgsf afnaRrfsf nflu lzIffbLIffsf] cj;/ gx'g' / cfˆgf lglDt /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ gx'g' h:tf sf/0fx¿ lyP . åGåsf a]nf cfˆgf kl/jf/ u'dfPsfx¿n] cfˆgf nflu ufpF3/ kms{g'sf] s'g} sf/0f klg b]v]sf lyPgg\ . cGosf nflu 3/ kms{g lxlRsrfpg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f …l/Qf] xftÚ lnP/ 3/ kms]{sf] efjgfn] u|:t x'g' jf ;d'bfon] / cfˆg} kl/jf/n] klg c:jLsf/ unf{g\ eGg] efjgf dgdf /xg' g} lyof] . o:tf] lxlRsrfx6 vf;u/L t/fO{ kms{g' kg]{x¿, åGåsf a]nf dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfaf6 cTolws k|efljt ePsf] If]qsf -tnsf] ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg v08 x]g'{xf];\_ / dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf ;Gbe{df ;xL lyof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps hgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'sf] egfO{ o:tf] lyof] M

æ3/ kms]{/ hfg' cem dlxnfsf nflu t emg\ uf¥xf] 5 . k'?if t sfd ug{ htf klg hfg ;S5g\ . t/ dlxnf sxfF hfg] < w]/}n] cfˆgf kl/jf/ / ;dfh;Fu ;DaGw tf]l8;s]sf 5g\ jf ltgsf] kl/jf/} 5}g . clg pgLx¿ kms{g} ;Qm}gg\ . ;f¥x} kL8fbfos cj:yf xf] of] .Æ!@)!@)

ljleGg ;d'bfodf kms]{/ o:tf gofF ;d'bfoaf6 dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfdf /x]sf] vf; u/L ltgsf] klxrfg / cg'ejnfO{ yftL g} /fv]sf] v08df o:tf] xLgtfaf]wsf] 8/ kG5fpg ;lsg] ljZjf; ul/Psf] lyof] . cfˆgf] d"n ufpF7fpFdf gkms]{sf t/ ljbf ul/;lsPsf n8fs'x¿n] o:t} lrGtf JoQm u/]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps hgf ljbf ul/Psf k'?if n8fs'n] eg]sf lyPM

æljbf lnPkl5 klg xfdL 3/ uPgf}+ lsgeg] ltgn] xfdLnfO{ luHofpnfg\ eg]/ xfdL xlRsof}+ ======3/ kms{g uf¥xf] 5 To;}n] xfdL ot} -ljleGg ;d'bfodf_ a;]sf 5f}+ .Æ!@!!@!

jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] gful/s hLjgdf kms{gsf nflu klxrfg u/]sf ;Defljt 7fpFx¿df /f]huf/Lsf nflu 7"nf] cj;/ ePsf] 7flgPsf ;x/L If]qx¿ -h:t} sf7df8f}+, g]kfnu~h, jL/u~h, lj/f6gu/ / SofG6f]gd]06 /flvPsf t/fO{sf cGo ;x/L If]qx¿_ lyP . w]/} jt{dfg dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿n] dWo, dWo klZrd / ;'b"/ klZrdsf t/fO{df cfˆgf] a;fO{ :yfkgf ug{ z'? ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o;f] eP klg s]xLn] vf;u/L /f]huf/Lsf cj;/sf] sdL ePsf]n] 3/ kms{g grfx]sf] t/ cfˆgf] d"n ynf]sf ;d'bfosf kl/jf/sf ;b:o tyf ;fyLefO;Fu ;DaGw agfO/fVg] rfxgf JoQm u/]sf lyP . o:tf] vf;u/L afh'/f, sflnsf]6 / d'u' nufotsf dWo tyf ;'b"/ klZrdsf kxf8L If]q d"n ynf] ePsf n8fs'x¿sf ;Gbe{df a9L ;xL lyof] .

� k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lbg s;nfO{ lhDdf lbOPsf] eGg] af/]sf] rf;f] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lbg s;nfO{ lhDdf lbOPsf] eGg] af/]sf] rf;f]

s]xL jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L k'?if_ n] lghL sDkgL, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ jt{dfg n8fs'x¿sf nflu k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf tflnd lbg] nufotsf ljleGg kIfsf nflu lhDdf lbPsf]df c;lhnf] JoQm u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿ lghL If]q jf To:t} d'gfkmfd"ns -pgLx¿n] 7fg]cg';f/_ n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf h] h] u/], jt{dfg n8fs'x¿nfO{ h] h] pknAw u/fP To:tf] rfx]sf lyPgg\ . o:t} lsl;dsf] efjgf s]xL c+zdf ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿ / /fhgLlts g]tfx¿/fhgLlts g]tfx¿af6 klg JoQm ePsf] lyof] . s]xL jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] o;sf] ;f6f] ;/sf/n] g} of] e"ldsf k"/f ug'{kg]{ / To;f] ubf{ pgLx¿sf] ;f]rfOdf dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfn] b]zsf] nflu u/]sf] alnbfgsf] C0f dfcf]jfbL hg;]gf;Fu hf]l8P/ r'Qmf u/]sf] x'g ;SYof] . Ps hgf k'?if n8fs'sf] egfO{ o:tf] lyof] M

æljbf ul/Psf n8fs'n] Gofok"0f{ Jojxf/ kfPgg\ . xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5, zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfnodf cof]Uo n8fs'sf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu k|z:t} k};f 5 . cem xfdL]n] ;~rf/ dfWodsf l/kf]6{af6 s] ;'g]sf 5f}F eg] cof]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ lbOPsf Kofs]hx¿ ;Gtf]ifhgs gb]lvPsfn] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;/sf/;Fu cof]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ kf6L{nfO{ cg'dlt lbg cfu|x

24 ;femf ynf] <

!@@ Ps Ps hgf u/L lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps hgf jt{dfg k'?if n8fs', ;'v]{t -@)!) dfr{ @%_ !@# ;d"x cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps hgf ljbf ul/Psf k'?if n8fs', afFs] -@)!) d] @!_ !@$ ;z:q k|x/L ansf pRr txsf clws[t -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -@)!) h'nfO{ %_ !@% g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tf -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -@)!) h"g $_

u/]sf] lyof] . o;f] eP klg ;/sf/ tyf lghL 7]s]bf/x¿n] To; cfu|xnfO{ c:jLsf/ u/] h'g unt lyof] . xfdLnfO{ :ki6 yfxf 5, pgLx¿ cfkm"nfO{ lghL ¿kdf dfq gfkmf lgsfNg rfxG5g\ . ljlgof]lht ah]6 xfdLnfO{ lbOPsf] eP xfdL cfkm}+n] Jjoj:yfkg ug]{ lsl;dn] ;xsf/Lx¿ :yfkgf ug]{ lyof}+ . To;f] ePsf] eP w]/} /fd|f] x'g] lyof] .Æ!@@!@@

ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf ljrf/n] klg oL lrGtfsf] ;dy{g ub{5g\ . afFs]sf Pshgf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'n] eg]sf lyPM

æo; kl/of]hgfdf sfd ug]{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 tyf cGo ;+:yfsf] xfdLdf ?lr 5}g . pgLx¿ t s]jn lkmN8df latfPsf k|To]s lbgsf] eQf rfxG5g\ . ToxfF tkfO{+h:tf w]/} hgf 5g\ hf] dfgj clwsf/ ;+u7gx¿ / cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglwTj u/]/ cfpF5g\ / xfd|f] x]/ljrf/ u5f}{+ eG5g\ . t/ ltgn] xfd|f nflu l;Gsf] klg efFr]sf 5}gg\ .Æ!@#!@#

o;f] x'Fbfx'Fb} klg jt{dfg n8fs'x¿sf nflu Kofs]hsf ljifox¿ pgLx¿sf kIfdf 5g\ eg] sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfosf] sd} dxTj x'G5 .

� k'g:yf{kgn] 3/ kms{g] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'nfO{ dfq xf]Og j[xQ/ ;dfhnfO{ nfe k'¥ofPsf] x'g'k5{ k'g:yf{kgn] 3/ kms{g] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'nfO{ dfq xf]Og j[xQ/ ;dfhnfO{ nfe k'¥ofPsf] x'g'k5{

s]xL gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:o, u}/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿n] a]/f]huf/ o'jfsf ;fy} ;d'bfodf kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ nfe k'¥ofpg'kg]{ 7fg]sf lyP lsgeg] olb cGo ;d"xx¿n] /f]huf/ tyf lbuf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf kx'Fr /fVg ;s]gg\ eg] oL b'a} ;d'bfosf ;'/Iffsf nflu ;dfg ¿kdf vt/f aGg hfG5g\ eGg] pgLx¿sf] 7DofO{ lyof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;z:q k|x/L ansf Ps jl/i7 clws[tn] eg]sf lyP M

æg]kfndf w]/} lzlIft o'jf cj;/sf] sdLn] ubf{ j]/f]huf/ 5g\, To;}n] tkfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg :yndf sf]rfsf]r eL8 b]Vg'x'G5 . tL hxfF eP klg sfd vf]Hg g]kfn aflx/ lxF8]sf x'g\ . To;sf/0f tkfO{+n] !( xhf/ dflg;nfO{ dfq} hf]8 lbg'eof] eg] afFsL a]/f]huf/ o'jfx¿nfO{ e'Ng'x'G5 hf] o:tf ;'ljwf jf nfe kfO/x]sf dflg;x¿k|lt ;lhn} Oiof{n' aGg ;S5g\ .Æ!@$!@$

o; egfO{;Fu hf]8]/ s]xLn] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofn] ;d'bfo tyf 3/ kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿aLr pTkGg x'g ;Sg] tgfjnfO{ kG5fpg ;fd'bflos ljlw cjnDag u5{ eGg] s'/f k|Tofe"t ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfdf hf]8 lbPsf lyP -tnsf] k'g:yf{kg v08 x]g'{xf];\_ . pbfx/0fsf nflu g]kfnL sf+u|];sf Ps g]tfn] eg]sf lyP M

æof}6f ;d:of s] 5 eg] x/]sn] hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ dfq} hf]8 lbPsf] 5 / ;a} k'g:yf{kg kl/of]hgf / sfo{qmdx¿ ltgLx¿d} s]lGb|t ul/Psf 5g\ . t/ Jofks ;d'bfonfO{ g} o; k|lqmofdf ;d]l6g' k5{ h;af6 pgLx¿ / ;d'bfosf aLr b"/L g/xf];\ / Oiof{ / å]if clg tgfj p7\g] ;DefjgfnfO{ klg /f]Sg ;lsof];\ .Æ+!@%!@%

tgfjsf] vt/f p7\g ;S5 eGg] s'/fsf] k|df0fsf ¿kdf ;d'bfosf s]xL ;b:ox¿;d'bfosf s]xL ;b:ox¿sf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h kms]{sf n8fs'x¿nfO{ dfq lbOG5 eGg] ;f]raf6 a'em\g ;lsG5 . s/La @) k|ltzt ;d'bfo ;b:ox¿ -vf;u/L k'?if_ n] åGåsf] ;dodf -pgLx¿sf] ;f]rfOdf_ ;d'bfodf cftª\s dRrfpg] k"j{ -of]Uo tyf ljbf ul/Psf_ n8fs'x¿nfO{ k};f, tflnd / /f]huf/sf cj;/ lbP/ k'/:s[t ug'{ c;n sfd gePsf] cg'e"lt JoQm u/]sf lyP . o:tf] ;f]r a9L dfqfdf åGå sfndf k|ToIf ¿kdf k|efljt ePsf ;'v]{t tyf emfkfsf ;d'bfox¿df b]lvPsf] lyof] . s]xL ;d'bfo ;b:ox¿n] d]nldnfk a9fpg] / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ tyf 3/ kms]{sf k"j{ -of]Uo / ljbf ul/Psf_ n8fs'x¿ b'a}nfO{ nfe k'¥ofpg] vfnsf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; h:tf /f]huf/sf cj;/x¿ l;h{gf ug]{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP -tnsf] l;kmfl/z v08 x]g'{xf];\_ .

;]km/jN8{ 25

!@^ …cfly{s k'g:yf{kgÚ zAbfjnLsf] JofVof dflysf] kl/efiff v08df x]g'{xf];\ . !@& lzlj/af6 ljbf ul/Psf afFs]sf Ps n8fs';Fu ;d"xdf lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{ -@$÷)%÷@)!)_ !@* g]kfnL ¿lkofF !))))).– -Ps nfv_ a/fa/ !@( gjnk/f;Lsf Ps jt{dfg k'?if n8fs';Fu Ps–Ps hgfsf cfwf/df lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{ -@@÷)$÷@)!)_

� kl/0ffdd'vL bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/Lsf] ;'lglZrttfdf e/ kg]{ Jofj;flos tflnddf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf kl/0ffdd'vL bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/Lsf] ;'lglZrttfdf e/ kg]{ Jofj;flos tflnddf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] cle?lr 5n8fs'x¿sf] cle?lr 5

;a} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] ;fdfGo g]kfnLsf nflu /f]huf/L kfpg' Psbd} sl7g 5 eGg] :jLsf/ u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] alnbfgsf sf/0f /fHo, Joj;foL ;d'bfo / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 cfˆgf] hLjgsf] k'glg{df{0f ug{sf nflu 5'§} lsl;dsf] Jojxf/ kfpg' kg]{ bfjL u/]sf lyP . gful/s hLjgdf kms{gsf nflu v'nf /x]sf ;a} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] klg k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ;dflxt x'gsf nflu bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/Lsf] ;'lglZrttf rfx]sf lyP . s]xL n8fs'x¿n] hd{g k|fljlws ;xof]u -lhl6h]8_ h:tf ;+:yfaf6 lgs} /fd|f] lsl;dn] Jofj;flos :jf:Yo ;]jf h:tf tflnd kfPsf] t/ To;n] s'g} /f]huf/lsf] cj;/lt/ eg] cl3 ga9fPsf] pbfx/0f k|:t't u/]sf lyP . To;} sf/0fn] ubf{ ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu egL tof/ ul/Psf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿sf] cfnf]rgf ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . ljbf ul/Psf Ps k'?if n8fs'sf] egfO{ o; k|sf/sf] lyof]M

æOlG:6Ro'6af6 xfdLn] rfnssf] tflnd klg kfPsf 5f}+ t/ xfdLn] rnfpg] uf8L s;n] lbg] <Æ!@&!@&

� clwsf+z dfcf]jfbL n8fs' Psd'i7 /sd rfxG5g\ t/ k|fyldstf bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/sf cj;/nfO{ clwsf+z dfcf]jfbL n8fs' Psd'i7 /sd rfxG5g\ t/ k|fyldstf bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/sf cj;/nfO{ lbG5g\lbG5g\

oBlk clwsf+z jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/sf cj;/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf] atfPsf eP klg s/La @% k|ltzt -vf;u/L k'?if_ n] cfkm"n] ;]jf u/]sf] jif{sf cfwf/df cfˆg} Joj;fo :yfkgf ug{, ljb]zdf bIf sfdbf/sf] sfd kfpg -x]g'{xf];\ v08 #=$_ jf /fhgLlts sl/o/ z'? ug{ ;xof]usf nflu % b]lv #) nfv!@*!@* ¿k}ofF;Dd Psd'i7 /sd kfpg rfxG5g\ . ;a} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿nfO{ lbOPsf] Psd'i7 gub -g] ¿ @@ xhf/_ clt g} sd ePsf] / sdhf]/ lsl;dn] Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] egL cfnf]rgf ub}{ cfkm"n] TolQ dfq gub /sd lng :jLsf/ gug]{ atfP .

s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / sltko ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿sltko ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] Ps k6sdf % b]lv #) nfv ?k}ofF lbg] eg]sf] cTolws a9L /sd ePsf] / o;n] ;d'bfodf ltQmtf pTkGg ug{ ;Sg] tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] klg kIfkftk"0f{ 7fGg] atfP . o;n] 3/ kms]{sf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿, ;d'bfosf ;b:o tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf aLr tgfjsf] vt/f a9fpg ;Sg] b]lvof] . o;f] eP klg s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] pgLx¿sf] cfˆg} Joj;fo z'? ug{ / hLljsfsf] k'glg{df{0f ug{sf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg b'O{ b]lv tLg nfv ;Ddsf] ;fgf] /sd lbg' d'gfl;a x'g ;Sg] ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . cem, s]xL u}/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts bnx¿n] Tof] /sd ljj]sk"0f{ lsl;dn] / lbuf]] x'g] u/L vr{ ul/Psf] 5 egL ;'lglZrt ug]{ pkfosf ¿kdf lgAof{hL C0f :j?k lbg'k5{ of t cfˆg} Joj;fo :yfkgf ug{ tflnd lnPkl5 dfq} To:tf] /sd lbg' k5{ egL ;'emfPsf lyP .

� dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ Jofj;flos tflnd tyf cbIf jf tNnf] txsf] If]qdf /f]huf/ lng OR5's dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ Jofj;flos tflnd tyf cbIf jf tNnf] txsf] If]qdf /f]huf/ lng OR5's 5}gg\5}gg\

;a} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ s[lifdf cfwfl/t pTkfbg jf cGo lgDg :t/sf Joj;fodf tflnd lng k6Ss} OR5's lyPgg\ / pgLx¿ ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿nfO{ lbOPsf h:tf tflnd :jLsf/ gug]{ kIfdf plePsf lyP . vf;u/L pgLx¿ nfdf] ;do;Dd cfly{s nfe gb]lvg] vfnsf Joj;fo jf j[lQsf nflu lbOPsf tflndk|lt cfqmfds b]lvPsf lyP .

pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps jt{dfg k'?if n8fs'n] eg]sf lyPM

æljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu lbOPsf Kofs]hdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf 8«fOleª, s[lif tyf s'v'/f kfng h:tf tflndsf cj;/x¿ xfd|f nflu :jLsfo{ 5}gg\ . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ :jo+ o:tf] Kofs]h;Fu l/;fPsf 5g\ .Æ!@(!@(

@=@=#=@ cfly{s cfly{s k'g:yf{kgk'g:yf{kg!@^!@^

26 ;femf ynf] <

!#) Ps Ps hgf u/L lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps hgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs', s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ !!_ !#) Ps Ps hgf u/L lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps hgf jt{dfg k'?if n8fs', l;Gw'nL -@)!) clk|n !)_ !#@ ;d"xdf cGtjf{tf{ ubf{ Ps k"j{ k'?if -:j]lR5s cjsfz lnPsf_ n8fs', l;Gw'kfNrf]s -@)!) h"g (_

h] xf];\, o:tf tflndsf cj;/x¿ -;d'bfosf ;b:o tyf k"j{ / jt{dfg n8fs'x¿af6_ o;/L cfnf]lrt x''g'sf k5fl8sf] sf/0f Kofs]hdf pknAw ljsNkx¿af/] w]/}h;f] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] k|df0fLs/0f k|lqmofsf a]nf / sdhf]/ ;~rf/sf sf/0f :yfgLo :t/df unt ;"rgf k'Ug' g} lyof] eGg] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg' cfjZos 5 .

;a} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] cfkm"n] lgDg :t/sf] sfd lnPdf, h;/L dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf e"ldsf lgjf{x ubf{ To; e"ldsfdf ;zQmLs/0fsf] cg'ej u/]sf lyP, To;sf] t]hf]aw x'g] wf/0ff JoQm u/]sf lyP . w]/}n] cfkm" u/LaL / v]tLkftLdf cfwfl/t hLljsfsf] lgjf{xaf6 plDsg dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] n8fs' ePsf] / ca km]l/ To;}df kms{g] rfxgf gePsf] atfP . To;sf] ;f6f] w]/}n] ;dfhdf lgs} ;Ddfghgs lzIf0f jf :jf:Yo ;]jf h:tf k]zfsf nflu tflnd lng OR5's ePsf] atfPsf lyP . klxn] pNn]v ul/Pem}+, sltko jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] SofG6f]Gd]06leq} /xFbf :jf:Yo tflnd lnO;s]sf / o:tf] vfnsf] sfd ug{ pT;'s klg b]lvPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Pshgf dlxnf n8fs'n] eg]sL lyOg\ M

æ:jf:YosdL{sf x}l;otn] ;dfof]hg ePkl5 d cem a9L :jf:Yo;DaGwL Jofj;flos tflnd lng rfxG5'=======xfdLn] hL6Lh]8af6 s]xL dlxgf cl3 sf]xnk'/ c:ktfndf Ps dxLg] tflnd kfof}+, b'O{ kN6 k/LIff lbof} / k|df0fkq klg kfO;s]sf 5f}+ .Æ!#)!#)

a9L ¿rfOPsf cGo :jLsf/of]Uo sfddWo] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, hnljB't\ ljsf; / /fHoleqsf] ljsf; lgdf{0f;Fu ufFl;Psf cGo sfdx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf lyP . /fli6«o / lhNnf :t/sf ;d'bfosf Joj;foL g]tfx¿n] o;nfO{ lgdf{0f sfo{n] xfnsf] >d ahf/df /x]sf] vf8nsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;Defjgf lbPsf] egL k'li6 u/]sf lyP . s/La #) k|ltzt jt{dfg tyf k"j{ jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L k'?if_ n] Ol~hgLol/ª, ;"rgf k|ljlw, KnlDaª / ljB't\ ;]jf h:tf cGo bIf >d Joj;fonfO{ /f]huf/Lsf nflu ;Gtf]ifhgs ljsNksf ¿kdf ;d]t pNn]v u/]sf lyP . w]/} jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfaf6 cfkm"n] ljsf; u/]sf ;Lkdf cfwfl/t ;fd'bflos kl/rfns / ;fdflhs sfo{stf{sf ¿kdf klg /f]huf/L x'g ;Sg] ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . s]Gb|Lo / :yfgLo :t/sf s]xL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿/fhgLlts g]tfx¿ -Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf_ n] Ps ljsNksf ¿kdf ko{6g If]qsf] /f]huf/LnfO{ klg ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] ;'emfj lbPsf lyP .

s]xL 3fOt]÷ckfª\u n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] ;dfhdf cfkm"nfO{ ;Ddfghgs :yfg lbnfpg ;S5 eg] cfˆgf] zf/Ll/s cfjZostf;Fu ;'xfpFbf] sfdsf] cj;/ kfPdf sfd ug]{ cGoyf cfˆgf cfjZostf k"lt{sf nflu cfhLjg k]G;g lbOg'kg]{ atfPsf lyP -v08 @=@=#=$_ .

� :j/f]huf/ tyf cfˆg} Joj;fo / ;xsf/L :yfkgf ug]{ tLa| rfxgf :j/f]huf/ tyf cfˆg} Joj;fo / ;xsf/L :yfkgf ug]{ tLa| rfxgf

s/La #) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ - k'?if / dlxnf b'a}_ n] :j/f]huf/ tyf cfˆg} Joj;fo / ;xsf/L :yfkgf ug]{ OR5f JoQm u/]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf Ps k'?if n8fs'n] eg] M

æd g]kfnL ;]gfdf hfg rfxGg, ltgsf sfg'g / txut k4lt dnfO{ dg kb}{gg\=======-jf cGo s'g}_ ;'/Iff lgsfod} hfg rfxG5' . d d]/f] hxfg kl/jf/ / hLljsf lbuf] x'g d2t ug]{ vfnsf] k'Ubf] k};fsf ;fy k'g:yf{lkt x'g] d]/f] dg 5========d}n] cfly{s Kofs]h kfPF eg] d lax] u5'{ / d]/f] cfˆg} Joj;fo z'? u5'{ .Æ!#!!#!

;a} bnsf /fhgLlts g]tfx¿/fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] w]/} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] jt{dfg cfly{s xfjfkfgL ;'xfpFbf s'g s'g vfnsf Joj;fox¿ :yfkgf ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifo;DaGwL tflnd tyf dfu{lgb]{zg kfpg'k5{ eGg] egfO{sf] ;dy{g u/]sf lyP .

dT:okfng tyf oftfoft Joj;fodf ;kmntfk"j{s cfˆg} ;xsf/L :yfkgf u/]sf k"j{ n8fs'x¿k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -vf; u/L :j]lR5s cjsfz lnPsfx¿_ sf] cg'ejsf cfwf/df jt{dfg -/ k"j{_ n8fs'x¿sf nflu agfOg] Kofs]hdf Ps dxTjk"0f{ j}slNks cfly{s k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf ¿kdf ;xsf/LnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;'emfpF5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps k"j{ k'?if n8fs' -:j]lR5s cjsfz lnPsf_ n] eg]sf lyP M

æxfdLn] df5f kfng pBf]udf Ps ;xsf/L :yfkgf u/]sf 5f}+ / clxn] kmfObf a6'Nb}5f}+ . ;fd'lxs ;xsf/L Joj;fon] k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf] cfly{s x}l;otnfO{ psf:5 / ;fd"lxs cfly{s nfe lbG5 . ;/sf/n] k'g:yf{kg ul/g]x¿sf nflu o:tf ;xsf/Ldf nufgL ug'{k5{ .Æ!#@!#@

;]km/jN8{ 2727

!## Ps Joj;foL ;d'bfosf g]tf -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ !%_ !#$ Ps Joj;foL g]tf -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -@)!) h'nfO{ &_ !#% Ps Joj;foL ;d'bfosf ;b:o -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, lrtjg -@)!) clk|n @#_

cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf /fli6«o tyf lhNnf :t/sf Joj;fo If]qsf g]tfx¿n] klg Joj;fo ;xsf/Lx¿sf] :yfkgf ug]{ ljrf/sf] ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . b[i6fGtsf nflu s}nfnLsf] Joj;foL ;d'bfosf Ps k'?if ;b:on] eg]sf lyP M

æxfdLsxfF df5f kfngsf nflu w]/} ;Defjgf -k|fs[lts kf]v/Lx¿_ 5g\ . ;/sf/n] ltgnfO{ -jt{dfg n8fs'x¿nfO{_ df}sf lbg] OR5f u5{ eg] =======/ ltgLx¿sf] cfˆgf] Ps ;d"x agfP/ sfg'gL ¿kd} btf{ u/L sfd ug]{ OR5f 5 eg] pgLx¿ To;df ;+nUg x'g'k5{ . d}n] ;'Gof 5', dflg;x¿ df}/L kfngsf nflu lrtjgaf6 oxfF cfpF5g\, To;f] x'gfn] o; Joj;fodf klg nfUg ;lsg] ;Defjgf 5 .Æ!##!##

o;sf ;fy} /fli6«o tyf lhNnf :t/sf s]xL Joj;foL g]tfx¿n] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] c+zsf ¿kdf 3/ kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ pBf]u Joj;fodf egf{ ug]{ cf}krfl/s ;Demf}tf ug'{sf] ;f6f] kms]{sf of]Uo n8fs'x¿;Fu pgLx¿n] :jtGq ¿kdf :yfkgf u/]sf Joj;fosf pTkfbgnfO{ 7]Ssfdf lng a9L ?rfOPsf] atfPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu, /fli6«o :t/sf Ps Joj;foL g]tfn] eg]sf lyP M

æxfdL pgLx¿ ;a}sf nflu Joj;fosf cj;/ clgjfo{ ¿kdf l;h{gf ul/lbg ;Qm}gf}+ . h] eP klg pgLx¿ cfˆgf] Joj;fo :yfkgf ug{ rfxG5g\ / To:tf Joj;fo sfg'gL ¿kd} btf{ ug{ rfxG5g\ eg] xfdL ltgnfO{ Jofj;flos sfd -lahg];_ lbg ;S5f}+ . t/fO{df k"j{ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿n] :jtGq ¿kn] :yfkgf u/]sf oftfoft sDkgLnfO{ Joj;fox¿n] ef8fdf lng] sfd eO/x]s}] 5 .Æ!#$!#$

/fhgLlts g]tfx¿/fhgLlts g]tfx¿ -g]skf Pdfn], Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL / g]kfnL sf+u|];_ n] 3/ kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;Fu} /xg–a:g / ;Fu;Fu} sfd ug{ ldNg] x'gfn] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿sf] c+zsf ¿kdf ;xsf/Lx¿sf] :yfkgf ug]{ ljrf/sf] ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . o;n] pgLx¿nfO{ cltl/Qm efjgfTds ;xof]u ldNg] / xLgtfaf]w tyf cnUofOPsf] cg'e"ltsf] vt/fnfO{ ;Lldt agfpg klg d2t ug{ ;S5 .

� g]kfndf pknAw ;Lldt sfdsf af/]sf] lrGtf tyf j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf nflu bIf >ldssf ¿kdf g]kfndf pknAw ;Lldt sfdsf af/]sf] lrGtf tyf j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf nflu bIf >ldssf ¿kdf tflnd lng] rfxgftflnd lng] rfxgf

s/La #) k|ltzt jt{dfg k'?if n8fs'x¿n] bIf >ldssf nflu g]kfndf pknAw sfddf kof{Kt dfu gePsf] cg'ej ul/Psfn] j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf nflu kx'Fr /fVg bIf >lds tflndnfO{ pkof]u ug{df ?lr /fv]sf] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf lyP . Joj;foL ;d'bfon] o; lrGtfsf] ;dy{g u/]sf] 5 . lrtjgsf Ps cu'jf Joj;foLsf] egfO{ lyof] M

æxfd|f] b]zdf hgd'lQm ;]gfdf gePsf w]/} dflg; a]/f]huf/ 5g\, clg s;/L k"j{ -of]Uo_ n8fs'x¿sf nlfu dfq} /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf ug{ ;lsG5 < o; b]zdf /f]huf/sf nflu s] s] ljsNkx¿sf] l;h{gf ug{ ;lsG5, nf} eGgf];\ t < slt w]/} sfdsf] l;h{gf ug]{ xf]nf t < clxn] klg oxfF dlxgfsf] % xhf/ g]kfnL ?lkofF tna yflk/x]sf 5g\ . To;sf/0fn] ltgnfO{ t oxfF ljsf;sf sfd / k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf kf] k|of]u ug{' kg]{ xf] . geP, xfdL ltgsf nflu /f]huf/Lsf] Uof/]06L lbg ;Qm}gf}+, To;}n] a? ltgnfO{ /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]zlt/ k7fpg ;lsGYof] ls < t/ dnfO{ yfxf 5}g, of] slQsf] ;Dej 5 .Æ+!#%!#%

s]xL dfcf]jfbL Ot/ /fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ sfdsf nflu ljb]z k7fpgfn] k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd Wj:t x'g] vt/f 5 / ;fd'bflos ;'/Iff klg sdhf]/ x'g ;S5 eGg] wf/0ff JoQm u/]sf lyP .

� lghL If]qsf] /f]huf/Lsf cj:yf lghL If]qsf] /f]huf/Lsf cj:yf

clwsf+z jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ lghL If]qdf ;'/Iffsf cj;/x¿ / k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sDkgLx¿sf] sfd ug]{ ;Defjgf klxrfg ub}{ lghL If]qdf sfd ug{df v'nf b]lvPsf lyP . o;f] eP klg lghL sDkgLx¿n] cfkm"x¿nfO{ :jLsf/ / ljZjf; unf{g\ eGg] s'/fdf eg] pgLx¿df zª\sf lyof] . pgLx¿n] k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -of]Uo / ljbf ul/Psf_ sf nflu /f]huf/sf cj;/ l;h{gf ug{df lghL If]qn] lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{ ;Defljt e"ldsfsf af/]df ;+j]bgzLn t'Nofpg] nufotsf]

28 ;femf ynf] <

k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] dxTjdf hf]8 lbPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps hgf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'n] eg]sf lyPM

æd lghL If]qdf sfd ug{ t tof/ 5' t/ 8«fOleªsf] tflnd kfP/ dfq k'Ub}g . dnfO{ t tflnd kfO;s]kl5 sfdsf] Uof/]06L rflxG5 . dnfO{ rnfpgnfO{ uf8L s;n] lbG5 < lghL If]qn] lbGg, pgLx¿ / ;dfhn] xfdLdfly ljZjf; ub}{gg\ .Æ!#^!#^

kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ cfkm"sxfF sfd lbg] ;Defjgfsf af/]df Joj;fo If]qsf g]tfx¿Joj;fo If]qsf g]tfx¿sf] ljrf/ ldl>t k|sf/sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . /fli6«o tyf lhNnf :t/sf w]/}n] k'g:yf{lkt x'g rfxg] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ olb s]xL zt{ k"/f u/]sf v08df lghL If]qn] :jfut ug]{ atfPsf lyP . klxnf], sfd ug]{ 7fpFdf /fhgLlts ljrf/ Nofpg gx'g] zt{ . of] zt{ ;'lglZrt ug{ Joj;fo If]qsf g]tfx¿n] >lds ;+u7gx¿ / /fhgLlts bnx¿n] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmof z'? ePkl5 lghL If]qdf /f]huf/L kfPsf, kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf /f]huf/Lsf ljifodf s'g} x:tIf]k ug]{ 5}gf}+ egL sfg'gL ¿kd} k|lta4tf hgfpg' kg]{ ;'emfj lbOPsf] lyof] . o;sf cltl/Qm pgLx¿n] kms]{sf n8fs'x¿nfO{ lghL If]qdf sfd ug{sf nflu vf;u/L cfˆgf] sfd ug]{ w]/} ;do dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf latfPsf] / clxn];dd klg /f]huf/Lsf cGo jftfj/0fdf sfd gu/]sf] cj:yfdf dxTjk"0f{ b]lvPsf] x'gfn] cfjZos k/]sf] 7fpFdf kL8f lgjf/0f k/fdz{ -6«fpdf sfplG;lnª_ sf ;fy} dfgl;s ¿kdf tof/ ug{ cled'vLs/0f tflnd lbg'kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . Joj;foL g]tfx¿n] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ sfddf egf{ ug{ Joj;fox¿nfO{ pTk|]l/t ug{sf nflu k|f]T;fxg sfo{qmd Nofpg' kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . o;df sfdaf6} -cg\ b ha\ _ tflnd klg ;dfj]z x'g ;S5 h;df kms]{sf n8fs'x¿n] vf; ;Lk klg kfpg] / tflndsf] sfo{ef/ ;lsPkl5 /f]huf/df kx'Fr /fVg d2t ug]{ / To;af6 Joj;fox¿n] >d ;|f]t / nrstf kfpg ;S5g\ .

s]xL Joj;foL g]tfx¿n] kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] d"n ynf]lt/} pgLx¿nfO{ /f]huf/ lbg cfkm"nfO{ a9L ;lhnf] x'g] atfpFb} To;af6 ;d'bfoleq sfdsf] lglDt k|lt:kwf{sf sf/0f pTkGg x'g ;Sg] tgfjnfO{ sd ug{ ;lsg] atfPsf lyP . o:tf] ;'emfjnfO{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] th'{df ubf{ Wofgdf /fVg'kg]{ pgLx¿sf] egfO{ /x]sf] lyof] .

csf]{lt/ vf;u/L lhNnf :t/sf s]xL Joj;foL g]tfx¿ kms]{sf of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] cfˆgf] sfdbf/ ju{nfO{ layf]Nnfg\ eGg] 8/n] pgLx¿nfO{ cfˆgf Joj;fodf lng c;lhnf] dx;'; ul//x]sf lyP . ;fy} s]xLn] cfkm"n] j]/f]huf/ tyf c;Gt'i6 /x]sf k"j{ -of]Uo, ljbf ul/Psf / :j]lR5s cjsfz lnPsf_ n8fs'x¿ cf}Bf]lus If]qx¿df kms]{/ cfP eg] ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iffdf cFfr cfpF5, aGb -x8tfn_ sf] vt/f a9\5 / cfly{s pTkfbgnfO{ Wj:t kf5{g\ To;}n] pgLx¿nfO{ leq\ofpg grfx]sf] atfPsf lyP . o;};Fu ufF;]/ clwsf+z pBf]uL Joj;foL g]tfx¿n] ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] cª\usf ¿kdf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfx¿sf] k|j]z u/fO{ cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff ansf] :yfkgf ug]{ ljrf/sf] lj/f]wdf b[9tfk"j{s plePsf lyP . o; b[li6sf]0fnfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf s]xL sd{rf/L;'/Iff lgsfosf s]xL sd{rf/Ln] klg ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;'/Iff lgsfosf;'/Iff lgsfosf Ps jl/i7 clws[tn] eg]sf lyP M

dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cem} klg vt/fsf ¿kdf x]l/G5 ========To;}n] xfdLn] ltgnfO{ cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff an jf ;Ldf ;'/Iff andf /fVof}}+ eg] pBf]uL Joj;foL ;d'bfon] ltgnfO{ l:jsfnf{g\ t < pBf]uL Joj;foL ;d'bfo / >ldsx¿ t dfcf]jfbL ;Da4 dhb'/ ;+u7gsf] lg/Gt/ aGb x8tfn / sf/vfgf aGbsf] sf/0fn] df/df k/]s} 5g\ . o:tf] b[li6n] klg a'em\g' h?/L 5 .Æ!#&!#&

� sfo{ ;dodf cfl>tx¿nfO{ /]vb]v ug{df ;xof]usf] cfjZostf sfo{ ;dodf cfl>tx¿nfO{ /]vb]v ug{df ;xof]usf] cfjZostf

dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf cfˆgf e"ldsfsf] dfWodaf6 ePsf] ;zQmLs/0fsf] cg'ejsf] kl/0ffd:j?k jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'x¿ /f]huf/L kfpg / Jofj;flos tflnd lng OR5's lyP .

h] xf];\, w]/} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L dlxnf_ n] Psn cfdf nufotsf dlxnfx¿nfO{ To:tf /f]huf/ / Jofj;flos tflndsf cj;/af6 nfe lngsf nflu ;d'bfodf lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb|h:tf ;xof]u ;'ljwfsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] pNn]v u/] . ljbf ul/PsL Ps dlxnf n8fs'sf] egfO o:tf] lyof]M

ætkfO{ Ps ;fgf] sfv] aRrf ePsL dlxnfnfO{ s;/L tflnddf cfpg eGg ;Sg'x'G5 < aRrfnfO{ sxfF /fVg] < s;n] x]5{ aRrfnfO{ < ;/sf/n] To:tf dlxnfsf nflu s]xL ;'ljwf pknAw u/fPsf] 5 < tflnd lbg] eg]/ dfq x'Gg of] xfd|f nflu ;'xfpFbf] klg t x'g'k¥of] ÛÆ!#*!#*

!#^ Ps Ps hgf u/L lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps hgf ljbf ul/Psf k'?if n8fs', s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ !@_ !#& ;'/Iff lgsfosf Ps pRr txsf clws[t -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -@)!) h'nfO{ %_ !#* Ps Ps hgf u/L lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps hgf ljbf ul/PsL dlxnf n8fs', bfª -@)!) d] !#_

;]km/jN8{ 29

!#( Ps Ps hgf u/L lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps hgf ljbf ul/Psf k'?if n8fs', s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ *_ !$) ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg zAbsf] k|of]usf] JofVof dflysf] kl/efiff v08df x]g'{xf];\ . !$! Ps Ps hgf u/L lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps hgf dlxnf n8fs', Onfd -@)!) km]a|'c/L !(_ !$@ ;d'bfosf Ps k'?if ;b:o, ;d"x 5nkmnsf qmddf, /f]Nkf -@)!) d] @)_

� lzIffdf kms{g] ;Defjgf lzIffdf kms{g] ;Defjgf

;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf lzIffnfO{ klg ;dfj]z ug'{ k5{ eGg] ;'emfj lbP tfklg s/La *) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if tyf dlxnf_n] cf}krfl/s lzIffdf kms{g'eGbf -Ps jf To;sf] ;§f csf]{ dfq 5gf]6 ug{ kfpg] ePsf v08df _ tflnd lnP/ bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/Lsf] Uof/]06LnfO{ a9L k|fyldstf lbPsf lyP . lsgeg] ltgsf] pd]/df -w]/}hgf @) b]lv @( jif{sf] pd]/leqsf 5g\_ cf}krfl/s lzIff k|0ffnLdf kms{g w]/}nfO{ nfh nfU5 / /f]huf/Ldf kx'Fr tyf hLljsfsf] ;'/Iff g} ltgsf] k|fylds nIo xf] eGg] pgLx¿sf] 7DofO lyof] . of] ;f]r ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'sf cg'ejx¿df k|ltlalDat ePsf] 5 . ljbf ul/Psf Ps k'?if n8fs'n] eg]sf lyP M

æxfdL xfd|f ;fyLx¿eGbf w]/} k5fl8 kl/;s]sf] x'gfn] pgLx¿ ;Fu;Fu} k9fO{ hf/L /fVg ;Qm}gf}+, pgLx¿n] k|df0fkq tx ;ls;s]sf 5g\ jf clxn]af6} :s"ndf k9fpg klg yfln;s] . pgLx¿;Fu} gx'g' t xfd|f nflu nfhdbf]{ x'G5 .Æ!#(!#(

h] xf];\, jt{dfg n8fs'jt{dfg n8fs'dWo] s/La #) k|ltztn] kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu To;sf] ;dfgfGt/ dflgg] Jofj;flos tflnd jf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ pknAw x'g] vfnsf :jtGq ljBfnox¿ :yfkgf ul/of] eg] pgLx¿ To;sf nflu v'nf /xg] atfP . w]/}sf nflu lzIfftkm{ s'g} cle?lr lyPg lsgeg] clwsf+z -cfwf b]lv b'O{ ltxfO{;Dd_ n8fs'x¿n] P;\Pn\;L u/]sf jf xfn ub}{ /x]sf / s/La !) k|ltztn] ul//x]sf jf pRr:t/Lo z}lIfs of]Uotf -k|df0fkq tx jf :gfts tx_ xfl;n u/]sf 5g\ .

� hGd btf{, gful/stf / ljjfx btf{ k|df0fkq kfpgdf ;xof]u hGd btf{, gful/stf / ljjfx btf{ k|df0fkq kfpgdf ;xof]u

cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf s/La ̂ ) k|ltzt jt{dfg / k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -clwsf+ztM dlxnf_n] /f]huf/L kfpg / ;DklQsf] clwsf/sf nflu cfkm"nfO{ gful/stf / cfˆgf afnaflnsfsf nflu hGd btf{ jf cfˆgf] ljjfx btf{sf] k|df0fkq kfpg ;xof]usf] cfjZostf /x]sf] atfPsf lyP .

� 3/ kmls{/x]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;d'bfon] l:jsfg]{ af/]] ;sf/fTds wf/0ff 3/ kmls{/x]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;d'bfon] l:jsfg]{ af/]] ;sf/fTds wf/0ff

JolQmut ¿kdf cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsfdWo] @) k|ltzt dfq jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_n] ;d'bfo;Fu cfˆgf] alnof] ;DaGw /x]sf cfwf/df cfkm"x¿ ljgf s'g} klg r'gf}lt -h:t} ;d'bfoaf6_ gful/s hLjgdf kms{g ;Sg] atfPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps dlxnf n8fs'n] eg]sL lyOg\ M

æxfdLn] hgtfsf clwsf/sf nflu n8]sf] x'gfn] ;d'bfo xfdLk|lt ;sf/fTds 5 . h:t} xfdLn] hftkft / >]0fLdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs k|yfnfO{ x'TofOlbg ;s]sf 5f}+ .Æ!$!

vf;u/L lhNnf :t/sf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL bnsf k|ltlglwx¿Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL bnsf k|ltlglwx¿n] kmls{/x]sf of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] cfˆgf] b]zsf nflu n8]sf] / /fh;+:yf ;dfKt ug{nfO{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'gfn] ;d'bfon] pgLx¿nfO{ :jfut ug]{ ljrf/ JoQm u/] . o; b[li6sf]0fnfO{ s]xL ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ -tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] klg, tn x]g'{xf];\_ ljz]if u/L åGåsf] ;dodf dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfaf6 sd k|efljt /÷jf /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿af6 a9L k|efljt If]qx¿ -h:t} /f]Nkf / s}nfnL_ n] klg ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . vf;u/L åGå k|efljt If]qsf -emfkf, l;Gw'nL, s}nfnL, ;'v]{t / bfª nufot_ ;d'bfosf clwsf+z ;b:ox¿n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ pgLx¿n] lx+;fTds Jojxf/tkm{ gkms{g] ePsf v08df ;d'bfodf :jLsf/ ul/Psf / ul/g] ;d]t atfPsf lyP . ;fy}, clwsf+z ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ -;a} 7fpFsf_ n] zflGt k|lqmofsf] Ps cljefHo cª\u ePsfn] k'g:yf{kgsf] ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;d'bfosf Ps k'?if ;b:on] eg] M

ædfcf]jfbL xfd|f] ufpFdf eP/ xfdLnfO{ s]xL ;d:of 5}g . xfdL pgLx¿nfO{ xfd|} g]kfnL bfh'efO{ lbbL alxgL x'g\ egL 7fGb5f}+ . To;}n] xfdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ gsf/fTds ¿kdf x]g'{x'Gg . !@ a'Fb] ;dembf/Lkl5 dfcf]jfbL d"n k|jfxsf] /fhgLltdf k|j]z ug{ ;kmn ePsfn] d]/f] ufpFdf t dfcf]jfbL cyjf dfcf]jfbL ;dy{ssf lj?4 sf]xL klg gsf/fTds 5}g . To;f] x'gfn] k'g:yf{kgdf jf ;fdflhs :jLs[lt kfpgdf s]xL ;d:of gxf]nf .Æ!$@

@=@=#=# ;fdflhs ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgk'g:yf{kg!$)!$)

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kmls{/x]sf of]Uo n8fs'x¿k|lt SofG6f]Gd]06 glhs}sf jf SofG6f]Gd]06 /x]sf lhNnfsf s]xL -;a} xf]Og_ ;d'bfosf] ;sf/fTds wf/0ff klg Wofgdf /fVg nfos 5 . o:tf] lsgeg] s]xL jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] SofG6f]Gd]06df k|j]z u/]b]lv g} tL ;d'bfodf ;DaGw / ldqtf :yflkt u/]sf 5g\ . ;fy} @) k|ltzt hlt ;d'bfo -vf;u/L SofG6f]Gd]06sf] glhs}sf] Onfsfleq /x]sf Onfd, ;'v]{t / l;Gw'nL_ sf ;b:ox¿n] dfcf]jfbL pkl:yltn] ubf{ To; If]qdf ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] / ;d'bfodf ;'ljwfx¿df kx'Fr a9]sf] -ljz]if u/L k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ePsf]_ atfP . pbfx/0fsf nflu OnfdsL Ps dlxnf ;d'bfo ;b:on] eg]sL lyOg\ M

æSofG6f]gd]06sf] pkl:ylt -oxfF_ x'gfn] åGåsf ;dodf eGbf clxn] a9L ;'/Iff 5 . klxn] dfcf]jfbLn] xfdLnfO{ hah{:tL uy]{, wDsL lbGy] / xfdL xfd|f] Hofgsf nflu 8/fpg' kYof]{ t/ clxn] xfdLn] a9L ;'/lIft dx;'; u/]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] dfcf]jfbL Sof06f]gd]06sf] pkl:yltn] ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iffdf s'g} gsf/fTds c;/ gk/]sf] cg'ej u/]sf 5f}+ . Sof06f]gd]06 / ;d'bfosf aLr lgs} sd cGtlqm{of x'G5 To;}n] xfdLn] s'g} vfnsf] qf; a]xf]g'{ k/]sf] klg 5}g .Æ!$#!$#

o;f] x'Fbfx'Fb} klg, cGon] Sof06f]gd]06sf] lgdf{0fn] ubf{ vfB tyf cGo cTofjZos j:t'sf] d"No Psbd} a9fPsf] / To;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k clwsf+z :yfgLo hgtfsf] kx'Fraflx/ k'u]sf] atfPsf lyP . clwsf+z ;d'bfosf hgtfsf nflu -5nkmn ul/Psf ;a} ;d'bfodf_ kms{g] of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ slt l:jsfl/G5 eGg] s'/f pgLx¿ cfly{s ¿kdf slt dfqfdf :jtGq 5g\ To;}df e/ kg]{ s'/f xf] . clwsf+z ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] To;sf/0f k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf cfly{s cj;/x¿;lxt cfPsf n8fs'x¿sf] ;dy{g u/]sf x'g\ -v08 @=@=#=%_ .

� jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] km]l/ gful/s hLjgdf kms{+bf sl7gfO{ a]xf]g'{kg]{ lrGtf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] km]l/ gful/s hLjgdf kms{+bf sl7gfO{ a]xf]g'{kg]{ lrGtf

…k'g:yf{kgÚ eGg] zAb;Fu ufFl;Psf] nf~5gfn] ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgnfO{ c;/ kfg]{

k"j{ tyf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿k"j{ tyf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -vf; u/L dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf sdf08/x_ / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] …k'g:yf{kgÚ -…ljbf ul/PsfÚ eGg] zAbfjnL h:t}, tn x]g'{xf];\_ eGg] zAbsf] k|of]un] gful/s hLjgdf kms{+bf ;d'bfo / kms{g nfu]sf of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf aLrsf] ;DaGw v/fa agfpg ;Sg] lrGtf JoQm u/]sf lyP . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] cg'ejsf cfwf/df k"j{ tyf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] cfkm"df s'g} klg k|sf/sf] uNtL sdhf]/L gePsfn] ;d'bfodf v/fa cfr/0faf6 c;n cfr/0fdf cfPsf] h:tf] k|efj lbg] …k'g:yf{kgÚ cfkm"x¿nfO{ cfjZos gkg]{ pgLx¿n] lhls/ u/]sf lyP . o;n] …k'g:yf{kgÚ k|lqmofdf ;+j]bgzLn zAnfjnLsf] k|of]usf] dxTjnfO{ /]vfª\lst ub{5 .

kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgdf xtf]T;flxt ul/g] vt/fsf] lrGtf

dfly elgP em}+, cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf w]/} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿, kl/jf/ / ;d'bfon] pgLx¿nfO{ c;kmn ePsf] egL c:jLsf/ ug]{ lrGtf ub{5g\ . kmn:j?k cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsfdWo] w]/}h;f]n] cfˆgf] d"n ynf]df kms{g grfx]sf] atfPsf lyP .

h] xf];\, k'?ifx¿ / dlxnfx¿n] kl/jf/ / ;d'bfoaf6 c:jLsf/ ul/G5 ls egL u/]sf lrGtfsf sf/0fx¿ km/s km/s 5g\ . s/La &) k|ltzt k'?ifx¿ …vfnL xftÚ kms]{sf] egL x]K5g\ ls egL 8/fPsf lyP . k'?ifx¿ cGo /fhgLlts bnx¿n] klg 3/ kms{g gdfg]sf] sf/0fn] lv;L unf{g\ egL 8/fPsf lyP . cem}+ cGtjf{tf{ lbPsf s/La *) k|ltzt dlxnfx¿ ;d'bfosf] dlxnf dfcf]jfbLk|ltsf] gsf/fTds wf/0ffsf sf/0f cfˆgf] kl/jf/ jf ;d'bfoaf6 c:jLs[t eOG5 ls eg]/ 8/fPsf lyP .

;+sf]r / c:jLs[ltsf oL ;d:ofx¿ ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejn] ;dy{g ub{5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu ljbfO ul/Psf -cfˆg} d"nynf] kms]{sf_ Ps k'?if n8fs'sf] egfO{ lyof] M

æ;d'bfon] xfdLlt/ x]nfsf] b[li6n] x]5{ / xfdLeGbf dflylt/af6 x]b}{ xfdL hgd'lQm ;]gfdf uP/ c;kmn ePsf] / ;]gf -g]kfnL ;]gf_ df etL{ x'g nfos gePsf] eg]/ s6fIf u5{ . pgLx¿ eG5g\ xfdLn] b]zsf lglDt n8\g] eg]/ ufpF3/ 5f8L hgd'lQm ;]gfdf uPsf] =======t/ cem} klg xfdLn] s]xL klg glnO{ kms]{ kl5 ÛÆ!$$!$$

!$# ;d'bfosf Ps dlxnf ;b:o, ;d"x 5nkmnsf qmddf, Onfd -@)!) km]a|'c/L @@_ !$$ Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf ljbf ul/Psf Ps k'?if n8fs', s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ *_

;]km/jN8{ 3131

!$% Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf Ps dlxnf -:j]lR5s cjsfz lnPsL_ n8fs', l;Gw'nL -@)!) clk|n (_ !$^ Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf Ps jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs', Onfd -@)!) km]a|'c/L @)_ !$& of] ;d'bfosf] b[li6sf]0fdf cfwfl/t 5 / cg';Gwfgsf a]nf :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfo, ;'/Iff lgsfo jf s'g} cf/f]lkt kl/jf/n] k'li6 u/]sf] xf]Og !$* ;d'bfosf Ps dlxnf ;b:o, ;d"x 5nkmnsf qmddf, Onfd -@)!) km]a|'c/L @#_ !$+(!$+( Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf ljbf ul/Psf Ps jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs', Onfd -@)!) km]a|'c/L @)_ !%) Ps dlxnf ;d'bfo ;b:o, nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsL ;xefuL, ;'v]{t -@@÷)#÷@)!)_

Ps csL{ k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' -:j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sL_ n] eg]sL lyOg\ M

æs]xL dflg; xfdLnfO{ s6fIf u/]/ x]5{g\ . ltgLx¿ eG5g\, …x]/ t ltgsf 5f]/L, dfcf]jfbLdf nfUof 5g\, h+undf 3'Dof 5g\, s]6fx¿ vf]Hof 5g\ ÛÚ eG5g\ …x]/ t, sfd ug{ uf yL, So} ug'{ gkg]{ clg df]6fP/ kms]{sL 5],=========sfd vf]Hg uf dfG5], df]6fP/ s;/L kmSof{ t ÛÆ!$%

kl/jf/ / ;d'bfoaf6 cGthf{tLo lax] u/]sf]df c:jLsf/ ul/g] lrGtf

s/La $) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] cfkm"n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfleq ;fdfGo dflgg] t/ Jofks hg;d'bfodf sd} :jLsf/ ul/g] cGthf{tLo lax] u/]sf] x'gfn] c:jLs[t eOG5 egL 8/fPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps dlxnf n8fs'sf] egfO{ lyof] M

æw]/}h;f] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿n] cGthf{tLo lax] u/]sf x'gfn] ltgLx¿ / ltgsf kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfosf aLr tgfj pTkGg ePsf] 5 . kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfo o:tf] lax] :jLsf/ ug{ tof/ 5}g .Æ!$^

;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿sf egfO{df ljx] u/]sf hf]8L -k"j{ / jf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿_ kl/jf/df kms]{sf -k"j{ n8fs'sf ;Gbe{df ;w}+sf lglDt kms]{sf jf jt{dfg n8fs'sf ;Gbe{df slxn]sfxLF 3/ cfpg] hfg] ug]{ u/]sf_ / ltgnfO{ 3/kl/jf/df c:jLsf/ ul/Psf] jf slyt tNnf]— dflyNnf] hftsf bDklQnfO{ hah{:tL 3/ 5f8\g afWo kfl/Psf] lyof] . s]xL dfldnfdf -cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf JolQmx¿sf wf/0ffdf_ o;/L kms]{sfx¿dfly ls t zf/Ll/s lx+;f eof], ls t ltgnfO{ dfl/Psf] -cfTdxTof u/]sf] elgPsf]_ lyof] .

æev{/} ;d'bfodf Ps k'?if n8fs'sf] kl/jf/n]] cfˆgL dlxnf n8fs' b'nxL;Fu bfOhf] dfu]sf] 36gf klg b]lvof] . bfOhf] lbg g;s]kl5 b'nfxf ToxfF gePsf] df}sf kf/L ltgnfO{ kl/jf/n] dfl/lbof] / To; d[To'sf] d'2fnfO{ cfTdxTof egL btf{ ul/of] . o; 36gfaf6 dlxnf n8fs'n] ;dfhdf kms]{kl5 s:tf] r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf ug'{ knf{ eGg] pbfx/0f lbG5 .Æ!$*

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs'x¿ efu]sf s}of}+ dfldnfsf pbfx/0fx¿ k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . tLdWo] sf]xL cfˆgf] cGthf{tLo lax] u/]sf] lgx'Fdf kltsf] kl/jf/n] c:jLsf/ u/]kl5 sfd vf]Hg egL ef/tlt/ nfu]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps dlxnf n8fs'n] cfˆgL ;fyL -klxn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf /x]sL_ sf] cg'ej atfOg\ M

æPs -blnt_ ;fyLn] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf Ps hgf /fO{ o'js;Fu lax] ul/g\ . /fO{ o'js b'nfxfn] pgnfO{ 3/df kl/ro u/fpg nu]sf] t kl/jf/n] pgnfO{ 3/leq k:g} kf] lbPg t Û 3/kl/jf/n] gl:jsf/]kl5 s]6L eflug\ . dnfO{ pgL stf uOg\ eGg] yfxf t 5}g t/ ljb]zlt/ nflug\ c/] .Æ+!$(!$(

o;sf/0f ;d'bfosf clwsf+z ;b:on] kms{g nfu]sf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ltgsf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf cfly{s cj;/x¿ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ s'/fnfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf lyP .

gful/s hLjgdf kms{+bf k'?ifeGbf a9L dlxnfn] r'gf}lt / nf~5gf ef]Ug' kg]{ lrGtf

ax';+Vos jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] gful/s hLjgdf kms{+bf dlxnf n8fs'x¿ cGthf{tLo lax] u/]sf] jf cfqmfds jf Pslgi7tf gePsf] dflgg] Jojxf/ b]vfPsf] egL ;d'bfon] ;fF:s[lts ¿kn] lgwf{l/t n}lËs e"ldsfsf lj?4 uPsf] 7fGg] x'gfn] k'?ifsf t'ngfdf a9L r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ egL 8/fPsf] b]lvof] . o:tf wf/0ff ;dfhdf dlxnfsf] k/Dk/fut e"ldsfsf] af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ ;a} ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿sf wf/0ff / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf a;]/ jiff}{+;Dd tflnd kfPsf dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf nflu xfn …jfXoÚ dflgPsf] h:tf wf/0ffx¿ k/:k/df h]lnP/ ag]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;d'bfosL Ps dlxnf ;b:on] eg]sL lyOg\ M

ædlxnf n8fs'x¿n] ;dfhdf kms{+bf a9L r'gf}lt v]Kg' kg]{ x'G5 . dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf nflu cGthf{tLo ljjfxn] ubf{ ;dfhdf :jLsf/ ug{ sl7g agfpg] x'G5=====ltgnfO{ SofG6f]gd]06df /xg a:gsf nflu Jofks ¿kdf 5fgaLgdf kfl/Psf]] xf]nf clg czflGtsf a]nf ltgLx¿ s}of}+ k'?ifsf] ;Dks{df cfP xf]nfg\ . xfd|f] ;d'bfon] oL dlxnf n8fs'lt/ 6]9f cfFvfn] x]g]{ t eOxfNof] .Æ!%)

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!%! Ps k'?if ;d'bfo ;b:o, nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf ;xefuL, gjnk/f;L -@^÷)$÷@)!)_ !%@ ljifosf ljz]if hfgsf/,g]kfn k|x/Lsf pRr :t/Lo clws[t;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -!(÷)%÷@)!)_ !%# ljifosf ljz]if hfgsf/, /fli6«o :t/sf] cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf sfo{stf{;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ -@)÷)%÷@)!)_ !%$ Ps dlxnf ;d'bfo ;b:o, nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsL ;xefuL, ;'v]{t -@@÷)#÷@)!)_ !%% Ps dlxnf ;d'bfo ;b:o, nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsL ;xefuL , s}nfnL -)*÷)#÷@)!)_

o;sf ;fy} ;d'bfosf Ps k'?if ;b:on] eg]sf lyP M

æhgd'lQm ;]gfsf dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf ljifodf ltgLx¿ h+undf k'?if -n8fs'_ x¿;Fu;Fu} nfu]sf ;'t]sf] / rl/q lau|]sf] egL xNnf rnfOPsf] lyof] . o:tf] xNnfn] ltgsf] 5lj wldNofpF5 .Æ!%!

o:tf] ;f]rfOnfO{ gful/s ;dfh, /fhgLlts bnx¿, :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfo / ;'/Iff gful/s ;dfh, /fhgLlts bnx¿, :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfo / ;'/Iff lgsfosf x]/fO{ tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejn] klg ;xof]u u/]sf lyP . ;fy}, ;'/Iff lgsfosf s]xL sd{rf/L / gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf /xFbf k'?ifsf] eGbf lgs} a9L /fhgLlts lzIff kfPsf] x'gfn] ltgn] a9L r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfpg ;Sg] atfPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps jl/i6 k"j{ k|x/L clws[tn] eg]sf lyP M

ædlxnfx¿ lgs} dfqfdf nf~5gfsf lzsf/ x'G5g\ / w]/} k'?if;Fu p7a; u/]sf] 7fg]/ ltgnfO{ Psbd a9L lx+;|s tyf lgs} a9L of}gfsfª\IfLsf ¿kdf x]l/G5 . dlxnfx¿nfO{ a9L dfqfdf l;sfOg] x'gfn] klg pgLx¿sf nflu a9L sl7g x'G5 . To;}n] ltgLx¿nfO{ a9L ;xof]usf] h?/t k5{ .Æ!%@

To:t} gful/s ;dfhsf Ps ;b:on] eg]sf lyP M

ævf;u/L k/Dk/fut ;f]r ePsf s]xL ;d'bfo oL dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf ljifodf a9L g} cflQPsf b]lvG5g\ . pgLx¿ ltgnfO{ k'?ifx¿;Fu ;'t]sf], cj}w ;Gtfg hGdfPsf] / cGo ;a} k|sf/sf v/faL ePsf] 7fG5g\ . dnfO{ nfU5, pgLx¿ ;d'bfodf kms{g'k5{ t/ ;dfhn] :jLsf/ ub}{g ls eGg] vt/f t 5 . dlxnf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;dfhdf k7fpg] k|lqmof ;+j]bgzLn tyf lqmofGd'vL x'g' cfjZos 5 .Æ+!%#

s]xL ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ -vf;u/L dlxnf_ n] ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf dlxnf n8fs'x¿k|lt Ps lglZrt :t/df ;xfg'e"lt JoQm u/]sf lyP . o;f] eP tfklg s/La #) k|ltzt ;d'bfo ;b:ox¿n] k"j{ of]Uo dlxnf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;d'bfodf k'?ifn] eGbf klg dlxnfx¿n] g} a9L dfqfdf pgLx¿n] ;fF:s[lts ck]Iff k"/f ug{ g;s]sf] x'gfn] c:jLsf/ ug]{ ;Defjgf b]v]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;'v]{tsL Ps ;d'bfo ;b:on] eg]sL lyOg\ M

æd}n] d]/L 5f]/LnfO{ d]/L sfsLsf 3/df k7fPsL t pgnfO{ o;f] eg]/ k7fOof] M …tF dfcf]jfbL xf];\, tFnfO{ t s's'/n] klg ;xof]u ub}{g .Ú ;d'bfosf dlxnf eG5g\, …ltd|L 5f]/L dfcf]jfbLdf uPsL lyO{, ca Tof] lalQmg, sNn] lax] u5{ ToNnfO{ < Tof] 3/af6 km'lTsP/ s}of}+ s]6fx¿;Fu ;'t]sL 5] , ca sNn] 5'G5 ToNnfO{ <Æ!%$

csL{ Ps dlxnf ;d'bfo ;b:on] eg]sL lyOg\M

æs'g} klg ;f;'n]] h+undf lx+8\b} 3'Db} x's]{sf x'gfn] 3/leqsf s]xL s'/f klg ug{ ghfGg] cfˆgL a'xf/Lsf af/]df ;f]Rg] g} eOg\ . To;f] x'gfn] cfˆgL a'xf/Lk|lt pgL Tolt a9L ;xof]uL gx'g ;lS5g\ .Æ!%%

o;}n] sltko jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿, ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿, ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, gful/s ;dfh tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/L k|ltlglwgful/s ;dfh tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/L k|ltlglwn] ;dfhdf dlxnfsf] ablnFbf] e"ldsfsf af/]df hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug{ k|of; ug'{ cfjZos ePsf] atfPsf lyP . ;fy;fy} s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / gful/s ;dfh, ;+:yfx¿n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] Ps c+zsf ¿kdf ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf dlxnfx¿nfO{ nlIft u/L Joj;fo, ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj k|:t't u/]sf lYP .

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s/La ̂ ) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿-k'?if / dlxnf_ n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf ePsf ljZjf;x¿ eGbf km/s k|sf/sf ljZjf;x¿nfO{ km]l/ cFufNg'kg]{ lrGtf JoQm u/]sf lyP . vf;u/L w]/} jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] ;dfh k':tf}+b]lv lkt[;QfTds /x]sf] / åGåeGbf cl3sf] ;dodf h:t} cfkm"x¿ kms]{kl5 ToxL ;dfhdf k"j{jt\ zlQmljxLg cj:yfdf a:g'kg]{ eGb}} kms{g] ljifodf lrGtfdf lyP .

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!%^ Ps dlxnf ;d'bfo ;b:o, nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsL ;xefuL, s}nfnL -)*÷)#÷@)!)_ !%& :j]R5fn] lzlj/ 5f8]sL OnfdsL Ps dlxnf -k"j{ n8fs'_ ;Fu Ps–Ps hgfsf cfwf/df lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{ -@%÷)@÷@)!)_ !%* :j]R5fn] lzlj/ 5f8]sL bfªsL Ps dlxnf -k"j{ n8fs'_ ;Fu ;d"xdf lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{ -!#÷)%÷@)!)_

;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] JoQm u/]sf ljrf/n] To; s'/fnfO{ k|dfl0ft u/]sf] kfOGYof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;d'bfosL Ps dlxnfn] eg]sL lyOg\ M

ædlxnfn] klg ;d'bfodf 3'nldn ug{ Psbd} sl7g dfGg]5g\, lsgeg] clxn] pgLx¿n] b'lgofFnfO{ x]g]{ tl/sf leGg} 5 . t/ ;do laTb} hfFbf pgLx¿ kms]{ eg] km]l/ pxL 3/]n' wGbfd} nfu]/ kfgL af]s]/ Nofpg] / ufO{j:t' x]g]{ sfd} t ug'{ k5{ .Æ!%^

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs'x¿k"j{ dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejn] klg ToxL s'/f k|dfl0ft u5{g\ . :j]lR5s tj/n] gful/s hLjgdf kms]{sf k"j{ dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] ;d'bfo / kl/jf/df 3'nldn ug{ / d"n ynf]sf] ;d'bfoaf6 :jLs[lt kfpg ltgnfO{ s}of}+ jif{ nfu]sf] atfPsf lyP . Ps dlxnfn] eg]sL lyOg\ M

ætkfO{+nfO{ d]/} pbfx/0f lbpmF . ;fdflhs hLjgdf 3'nldn ug{ dnfO{ b'O{ jif{ nfUof] . o;f] eP klg dnfO{ cem} klg d]/L cfdfn] ckgfpg] u/]sf] ;+:s[lt k6Ss} dg kb}{g . d klg a'xf/L x'F, t/ dnfO{ dg gkg]{ k/Dk/fsf k5fl8 d nflUbg . t/ d]/f] xsdf d cfkm} sdfpF5' . sdfpg] d]/f] ;|f]t ePg eg] d s/}n] lbglbg} d]/f] >Ldfg\sf] 3/ hfg' kg]{ x'G5 / a'xf/Lsf] k/Dk/fut e"ldsf v]Ng' kg]{ x'G5 . tkfO{ To:tf] sNkgf ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 <Æ!%&

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s]xL k"j{ n8fs'x¿k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -ljbf ul/Psf / :j]lR5s tj/n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gf 5f8]sf_ n] dfcf]jfbL Ot/sf /fhgLlts bnx¿n] gful/s ;dfhdf PsLs[t x'g] pgLx¿sf] IfdtfnfO{ lg?T;flxt u/]sf] atfP . lsgeg] o;n] ;d'bfosf ;x:ox¿, ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ / tL /fhgLlts bnx¿;Fu ;DalGwt jf ltgaf6 k|efljt x'g;Sg] :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿;Fusf] pgLx¿sf] ;DaGwnfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ kfg]{ pgLx¿sf] wf/0ff lyof] . vf;u/L åGåaf6 a9L k|efljt ;d'bfodf sltko dfdnfdf o:tf] xtf]T;fx ul/Psf] atfOPsf] lyof] .

o;sf ;fy} @) k|ltzt k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L :j]lR5s tj/n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gf 5f8]sfx¿ _ n] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gf kl/Tofu u/]sf]df b'?T;flxt u/]sf] atfP . Ps hgfn] ;ª\s]t u/] M

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jt{dfg n8fs'x¿dWo] kfFr k|ltztn] dfq cfkm"n] xLgtfaf]w tyf kL8f ef]u]sf] / k/fdz{ cfjZos /x]sf] af/] lj:tf/k"j{s /fv]sf lyP . x'g t k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ dgf];fdflhs kL8f tyf cGo k/fdz{ ;]jf lbO/x]sf ;+:yfx¿af6 k|fKt ;'emfj tyf cGo kl/k|]Iodf ul/Psf cg'ejx¿sf cfwf/df åGå ;DalGwt kL8f tyf xLgtfaf]waf6 kLl8t eO/x]sfx¿sf] cg'kft w]/} a9L /x]sf] b]lvG5 / cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf n8fs'x¿n] of o:tf] lgtfGt JolQmut ;"rgf aflx/ Nofpg ;xh 7fg]]gg\ of t cfkm"df To:tf dgf];fdflhs kL8f jf xLgtfaf]wsf nIf0f km]nf kfg{ ;s]gg\ . o:t}, yf]/} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L dlxnf_ n] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿nfO{ dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg' cfjZos 5 eGg] af/] s'/fsfgLsf qmddf JoQm u/]sf lyP .

s]xL jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿n] cfˆgf] vf; ;d:ofsf ¿kdf åGåsf] cjlwdf jf To;kl5 ef]u]sf of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf] kl/0ffd:j?k dgf];fdflhs kL8f ef]luPsf] af/] s'/f p7fPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' -:j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sL_ n] cGo vf; vf; jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'sf] ;Gbe{ lbFbf eg]sL lyOg\ M

æd]/L ;fyLn] hgd'lQm ;]gfs} csf]{ Ps hgf;Fu lax] ul/g\ . aRrf hGd]kl5 pgL SofG6f]Gd]06af6 aflx/ a:g yflng\ . t/ pgn] cfˆg} nf]Ug]af6 of}g b'Ao{jxf/ v]Kg'k¥of] . clxn] pgL dfgl;s, zf/Ll/s tyf cfly{s kL8fn] 56\kl6PsL 5g\ / ;w}+ /f]O{ s/fO{ u/L /xlG5g\ . xfdLn] kf6L{nfO{

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dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf hah{:tL ul/g] cGthf{tLo ljjfx -a]nf a]nf 3/]n' lx+;ftkm{ cu|;/ u/fpg]_ sf 36gf klg hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf 5g\ . o;sf sf/0f klg s]xL jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] dgf];fdflhs kL8fsf ;d:of ef]Ug' k/]sf] atfOPsf] lyof] . oLdWo] s]xL dlxnf cfkm"nfO{ cem} hf]lvddf kf/]/ cem} ljjflxt hLjgd} 5g\ eg] cGo s]xL efu] . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' -:j]lR5s cjsfz lnPsL_ n] eg]sL lyOg\ M

d hgd'lQm ;]gfdf x'Fbf dnfO{ klg k|:tfj cfPsf] lyof] t/ Totflt/ d]/f] vf;} cle?lr lyPg . d}n] -dfcf]jfbL ;]gfd} /x]sf] Ps hgfnfO{_ OGsf/ ul/lbPF t/ p;n] t sdf08/x¿;Fu s'/f u/]5 . pgLx¿n] d]/f] lax] l5g] . d sdf08/x¿;Fu s'/f ug{ 8/fpFy]+ . To; lbg gf} j6f ljx] lglZrt ul/Psf] lyof] . cGTodf, d SofG6f]Gd]06af6 efu]F / slxNo} lkmtf{ eOgF .Æ!^)

oL egfO{x¿ dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ lsgeg] dfcf]jfbL ;]gf k"0f{tof n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn 5 eGg] s'/f Jofks ¿kdf dflg;x¿n] 7fg]sf lyP, To;df k|Zg afFsL /x]5 . To;}n] ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/LnfO{ dfq xf]Og ls dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf nflu klg n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf ;DaGwL tflnd lbg' k5{ eGg] egfO{nfO{ oL egfO{n] k'li6 u5{g\ -x]g'{xf];\ v08 #=@=@=$ df l;kmfl/zx¿_ . gful/s hLjgdf kms{g] jt{dfg k'?if tyf dlxnf n8fs'x¿ b'a}n] xLgtfaf]w v]Kg' kg]{ cj:yf cfpg ;Sg] ePsfn] dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u ;]jfx¿ cfjZos kg]{ af/] w]/}h;f] kL8f tyf xLgtfaf]wsf] nIf0f b]vfpg] u/]sf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejaf6 l;lsPsf kf7x¿df klg pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu ljbf ul/Psf Ps k'?if n8fs'n] eg]sf lyP M

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æd 3/ kms]{kl5 SofG6f]Gd]06d} /x]sf d]/f ;fyLx¿sf] lrGtfn] /ftel/ ;'Tg ;lsgF=====w]/}hgf 3fOt] lyP, v'§f u'dfPsf jf d/]sf d]/f ;fyLx¿ Û d tL 36gf b'3{6gf ;DemGy]+ . d}n] y'k|} s'/f b]v]F M Ps hgf efOsf] xft} p8\of], Pshgf ;fyLsf] cg'xf/ lj:kmf]6n] l5ofl5of ePsf] Û o;f] ;DemFbf dnfO{ xLgtfaf]w x'G5 .Æ!^@

o:tf cg'ej s}of}+ jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] u/]sf 5g\ . ;d'bfodf kms]{kl5 w]/} dlxnf n8fs' clt ;Lldt cfly{s cj;/sf sf/0fn] xLgtf af]waf6 u|:t aGg ;S5g\, x]lkPsf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;S5g\ / ;d'bfoaf6 c:jLs[t x'g ;S5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu Pshgf k'?if jt{dfg n8fs'sf] egfO{ o;k|sf/ lyof] M

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k'?if tyf dlxnf n8fs'x¿ gful/s hLjgdf kms{+bf dgf]j}1flgs ?kdf kLl8t x'g ;S5g\ eGg] af/]sf] rf;f] r'lnFb} hfFbf s]xL gful/s ;dfh k|ltlglwgful/s ;dfh k|ltlglwn] ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿dWo]sf yf]/} hgfn] cfTdxTof u/]sf 36gfx¿ pNn]v u/]sf lyP t/ oL bfaL slt dfqfdf 7Ls x'g\ eGg] yfxf ePsf] 5}g .

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;]km/jN8{ 3535

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� ljBdfg :jf:Yo ;d:of / :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cfjZostf ljBdfg :jf:Yo ;d:of / :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cfjZostf

k|hgg :jf:Yo cfjZostf

s/La ̂ ) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] cfkm"x¿ :jf:Yo ;d:ofx¿af6 kLl8t /x]sf] / k'g:Yff{kg Kofs]hsf dfWodaf6 tL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ul/g'kg]{ atfPsf lyP . ltgdf vf;u/L dlxnf tyf 3fOt] jf ckfª\u ePsf n8fs'x¿ 5g\ . clw;+Vos -b'O{ ltxfO{_ dlxnf -/ ltgdf klg afnaRrf ePsf dlxnf_ n] åGåsf] cjlwdf 3fOt] ePsf sf/0fn] To;a]nf b]lv g} 3fp alNem/x]sf / :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr gePsf sf/0fn] cj:yf emg\ lau|]sf] atfPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'sf] egfO{ o:tf] lyof] M

æhgd'lQm ;]gfsf w]/}hgf jt{dfg tyf k"j{ dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] ltgsf] zf/Ll/s :jf:Yodf ljb|f]xsf] c;/ kg{ uPsf] u8a8Lsf] c;/n] ubf{ cfª v:g], leqL tyf aflx/L /Qm;|fj tyf cGo k|sf/sf k|hgg :jf:Yo ;d:ofsf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf 5g\ .Æ!^$

lzlj/leq k|hgg :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] k|of; ul/P tfklg cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf a9L ;+Vofdf dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] ToxfFleqsf] ;]jf kof{Kt ePsf] cg'ej eGg] u/]sf] kfOPg .

uDeL/ ¿kdf 3fOt] ePsf jf ckfª\u ePsf n8fs'x¿sf cfjZostf

;a} 3fOt]÷ckfª\u ePsf jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿3fOt]÷ckfª\u ePsf jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnf_ n] kof{Kt dfqfdf :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr gePsf] egL rf;f] JoQm u/]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Pshgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'n] eg]sL lyOg\M

æn8fO{+sf] cjlwel/ g} ;of}+ hgd'lQm ;]gf uf]nL / jdn] 3fOt] eP . xfdLdWo] w]/}sf] z/L/df cem}+ uf]nL jf 5/f{ 5Fb} 5g\ / v'§f u'dfOPsf] 5 . xfdL;Fu :jf:Yo ;]jf 5}g . o;n] ubf{ xfd|f] hLjg emg\ a9L si6s/ agfPsf] 5 . d ;/sf/;Fu pko'Qm :jf:Yo ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5' . o;f] eof] eg] xfdL ;lhnf] lsldn] afFRg ;S5f}++ .Æ!^%

Ps csf{ k'?if n8fs'n] eg] M

ædnfO{ a]gL, DofUbLsf] n8fO{+df uf]nL xflgPsf] lyof] . Tof] uf]nL clxn] klg d]/f] z/L/df 5Fb}5 . To;kl5 dnfO{ km]l/ alb{ofsf] n8fO{+df uf]nL xflgof] . d}n] uf]nL aflx/ lgsfNg ;lsg, lsgeg] To;f] ug'{ clt g} vt/gfs x'g] lyof] . clxn] d]/f b'a} uf]8f grNg] ePsf 5g\ . z'? z'?df ;/sf/n] xfd|f] x]/rfx u/]sf] lyof] t/ clxn] ub}{g . clxn] d]/f] kf6L{n] dnfO{ x]l//fv]sf] 5 .Æ!^^

w]/} 3fOt]÷ckfª\u n8fs'x¿3fOt]÷ckfª\u n8fs'x¿n] lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf, oftfoft ;'ljwf tyf cfhLjg k]G;g ;d]t ;dfj]z ePsf] cfly{s Kofs]h cfjZos ePsf] atfP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'n] eg]sL lyOg\ M

æxfdL zf/Ll/s ¿kn] ckfª\u ePsfx¿nfO{ -g]kfnL_ ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg ug{ ;Qm}gf}+ t/ ltgsf] plrt Joj:yfkg x'g'k5{ . ltgnfO{ ;fj{hlgs oftfoft, afnaflnsfsf] lzIffbLIff, :jf:Yo ;]jf / k]G;gsf] ;'ljwf lbg'k5{ . o;n] ;dfof]hgsf nflu a9L cg's"n jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug ;S5========.Æ!^&

7Ls o;} a]nf, w]/} 3fOt]÷ckfª\u n8fs'x¿n] cfˆgf] zf/Ll/s cfjZostfcg';f/ ;'xfpFbf sfdsf cj;/x¿ cfPdf sfd ug]{ cle?lr b]vfPsf lyP lsgeg] o;af6 ;dfhdf pgLx¿sf] a9L ;Ddfg ldNg ;StYof] . s]xL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ -Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL_ n] 3fOt] / ckfª\u n8fs'x¿nfO{ kl/ro kq lbg'kg]{ / SofG6f]gd]06 glhs}sf k'g:yf{kg s]Gb|x¿ -w]/}hgf cfjfudg ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf x'gfn]_ df /fvL ltgnfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf, oftfoft / z}lIfs nfedf kx'Fr /fVg d2t ug'{kg]{ atfPsf lyP .

;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n];d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf / ckfª\u ePsf n8fs'x¿sf cfjZostfx¿k|lt ;xfg'e"lt JoQm u/] . ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L -;a} tx / lgsfosf_ / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLOt/sf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLOt/sf /fhgLlts g]tfx¿/fhgLlts g]tfx¿ klg ;xfg'e"ltzLn lyP oBlk pgLx¿n] p7\g ;Sg] tgfjsf] Go"gLs/0f ug]{ qmddf ;'/Iff lgsfosf jt{dfg tyf k"j{ sd{rf/Lx¿n] clxn] klg v]lk/x]sf :jf:Yo ;d:ofx¿nfO{ klg k'g:yf{kgsf] cª\usf ¿kdf ;Daf]wg ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfdfly klg hf]8 lbO/x]sf lyP .

36 ;femf ynf] <

!^* …;fd'bflos ;'/IffÚ zAbfjnLsf] k|of]u;DaGwL JofVof dflysf] kl/efiff v08df x]g'{xf];\ !^( Ps Ps hgf;Fu lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps jt{dfg k'?if n8fs', Onfd -@)!) km]a|'c/L !(_ !&) Ps Ps hgf;Fu lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf ljbf ul/Psf Ps n8fs', s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ (_ !&! Ps Ps hgf;Fu lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf ljbf ul/Psf Ps k'?if n8fs', s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ *_ !&@ g]kfn k|x/Lsf Ps dWod >]0fLsf clws[t -ljifosf hfgsf/_, dWo klZrd t/fO{ -@)!) d] @%_

� k'g:yf{kgn] ;d'bfosf] ;'/IffnfO{ uf}0f t'Nofpg] / lx+;fsf] vt/fnfO{ a9fpg] ;d:ofsf ljifodf k'g:yf{kgn] ;d'bfosf] ;'/IffnfO{ uf}0f t'Nofpg] / lx+;fsf] vt/fnfO{ a9fpg] ;d:ofsf ljifodf

zflGtsf] k|fylds rfxgfsf afah'b kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ cfk/flws tyf lx+;fTds ultljlwdf nfUg ;Sg] vt/f

k|fylds ¿kdf zflGtsf] rfxgf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg, *) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -k'?if / dlxnfx¿_ n] cfDbfgLsf] :yfoL ;|f]tdf 9'Ss agfpg] plrt k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h gePsf v08df cfkm"x¿ xftxltof/ tyf lx+;fdf kms{g ;Sg] atfPsf lyP . w]/}n] To:tf] kl/l:yltdf jfO{;LPn -of]ª sDo'lgi6 nLu_ df nfUg] jf cfˆg} cfk/flws ;d"x u7g ug]{ / ;/sf/ lj?4 ljb|f]x ug]{ atfP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps k'?if n8fs'n] eg]sf lyP M

æxfdLnfO{ /fHon] jf:tf u/]g / cfly{s :jfwLgtfsf nflu /f]huf/Lsf] ;'/Iffsf nflu rflxg] kof{Kt k};f lbPg eg] c¿ ljsNk afFsL /xGgg\, afFsL /xG5g\ t n8fO{+ emu8f / /fHo;Fusf] o'4 km]l/ rnfpg] .Æ!^(

ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejx¿n] vt/f pkl:yt 5 eGg] s'/fsf] ;dy{g u5{g\ . t/fO{df -vf;u/L s}nfnL, emfkf / afFs]df_ cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf ljbf ul/Psf -kl5 etL{ ePsfx¿sf ljk/Lt vf;u/L gfafns k'?ifx¿_ / d"ntM ;'b"/ klZrd / dWoklZrd If]qsf -h:t} afh'/f, /f]Nkf, d'u'_ n8fs'x¿n] clxn] pgLx¿n] gful/s hLjgdf kms]{kl5 ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf r'gf}ltx¿sf] kmn:j?k cfˆg} cfk/flws ;d"x vf]Ng] jf cGo ;d"xdf nfUg]af/] ljrf/ ul//x]sf] atfPsf lyP . o:tf r'gf}ltdf pgLx¿sf cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ vfnsf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf ckof{Kttf, ;/sf/, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL :jo+af6 cnlUuPsf] cg'ej / cfˆg} d"n ynf]sf ;d'bfon] g:jLsfg]{ 8/ cflb kb{5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu ljbf ul/Psf Ps k'?if n8fs'n] eg]sf lyP M

æxfdL lgs} gfh's cj:yfdf afFlr/x]sf 5f}+ M xfdL;Fu sf]Nu]6 bGtd~hg lsGg] k};f klg x'Gg . d t lg/fz eO;s]sf] 5' . ;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg] xfdL;Fu b'O{6f ljsNk dfq} 5g\ M ls ljb|f]xdf hfg] ls dg]{ Û xfdL kGw| aL; hgfsf] ;d"x agfP/ n'6kf6 ug]{ / wgL / zlQmzfnLnfO{ dfg]{ sfddf nfU5f}+ . xfdL s'g} /fhgLlts bndf nfUg] 5}gf}+, s'g} k|flKtsf nflu n8\g] 5|}gf}+ . a;\, n'6kf6 / 8s}tLsf] p2]Zon] ;Lw} lx+;f ug]{ xf] .Æ!&)!&)

ljbf ul/Psf csf{ Ps k'?if n8fs' eGb} lyP M

æxfdLnfO{ km]l/ hah{:tL aGb's af]Sg nufOF{b}5 . aGb's, ad s;/L agfpg] / s;/L ;a} Wj:t kfg]{ eGg] s'/f] xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 . xfdL t /fd|f] eljiosf nflu ljZj:t kfl/G5 ls eg]/ kv]{/ a:of xf] . t/ xfdLNffO{ To:tf] s'g} ;xof]u lbOPg eg] xfdL km]l/ qmflGt z'? ul/xfNg] 5f}+ . xfdLn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nfO{ klg glhs}af6 lgofn]/ x]l//x]sf 5f}+ . s]xL klg ePg eg], ltgn] xfd|f] jf:tf u/]gg\ eg] / xfd|f nflu s]xL klg u/]gg\ eg] x]g'{xf]nf oL o'Pg\sf uf8L tn ;8sdf s;/L u'8\bf /x]5g\========of] ltgnfO{ xfd|f] r]tfjgL xf] . s[kf u/]/ of] ;Gb]z ;DalGwt ;a} lgsfox¿nfO{ lbg'xf]nf .Æ+!&!!&!

;d'bfosf ;b:o / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L;d'bfosf ;b:o / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L -vf;u/L afFs], dsjfgk'/ / s}nfnLsf lhNnf txsf clws[tx¿_ n] klg ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ -ljz]if u/L t/fO{ If]qdf_ c;'xfpFbf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lbPsf sf/0fn] s;/L lx+;fTds tyf cGo cfk/flws ultljlwdf nflu;s]sf 5g\ eGg] pbfx/0f lbPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu dWoklZrd t/fO{sf Ps jl/i7 clws[tn] eg]sf lyP M

æx]gf{];\ ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] xfnt s:tf] 5=======pgLx¿ cfkm"nfO{ aflx/ ̂ ofFlsPsf] x'gfn] o:tf] sfddf nfu]sf 5g\, ltgsf nflu hfg] 7fpF st} 5}g, afFlrvfg] / bfgfkfgL h'6fpg] ;Lk 5}g .Æ!&@!&@

;a} bnsf /fhgLlts g]tfx¿/fhgLlts g]tfx¿ -vf;u/L Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL_ n] klg o; ;d:ofnfO{ p7fpFb} 3/ kmls{/x]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ cfk/flws jf /fhgLlts lx+;fdf nfUgaf6 /f]Sg ltgsf cfjZostf tyf cfsf+Iffx¿nfO{ k"/f ug]{ vfnsf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h Nofpg'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+NofPsf lyP .

@=@=#=%= ;fd'bflos = ;fd'bflos ;'/Iff;'/Iff!^*!^*

;]km/jN8{ 37

!&# ;d'bfosf Ps k'?if ;b:o, ;d"x 5nkmnsf ;xefuL, Onfd -@)!) km]a|'c/L !*_ !&$ ;d'bfosf Ps k'?if ;b:o, ;d"x 5nkmnsf ;xefuL, l;Gw'nL -@)!) clk|n (_ !&% ;d'bfosL Ps dlxnf ;b:o, ;d"x 5nkmnsL ;xefuL, Onfd -@)!) km]a'c/L !* _ !&^ g]kfn k|x/Lsf Ps pRr >]0fLsf clws[t -ljifosf hfgsf/_, sf7df8f}+ -@)!) h'nfO{ !_

k'g:yf{kgsf sf/0fn] kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ / ;d'bfosf aLr tgfj a9\g] vt/f

;d'bfodf c;'/Iff al9/x]sf] af/]df rf;f] JoQm ul/Psf lyP . w]/} ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] ;d'bfodf v:sFbf] ;'/Iff cj:yfdfly k"j{ of]Uo -/ ljbf ul/Psf tyf :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_ n8fs'x¿sf] c;/ kg]{ 8/ /x]sf]n] pgLx¿nfO{ kmsf{pg lxlRsrfPsf] atfPsf lyP . hah{:tL k};f c;'n ug{df, wDsL, lk6fO{ / Hofg dfg]{ sfddf dfcf]jfbL ;+nUgtf a9\bf] 5 . of] b[li6sf]0f vf;u/L åGå sfndf dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfsf ultljlwaf6 g/fd|/L k|efljt -h:t} Onfd, emfkf, ;'v]{t, bfª, alb{of / l;Gw'nL_ ;d'bfox¿df k|df0fsf ¿kdf b]Vg ;lsGYof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu Onfdsf Ps ;d'bfosf ;b:on] eg]sf lyPM

æ;}4flGts ¿kdf xfdLn] o;nfO{ x]¥of}+ eg] Tolta]nfsf] k'g:yf{kg pQd ljsNk h:tf] b]lvG5 . t/ Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf ;a} n8fs'x¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg ug'{ ;Dej g} 5}g . klxn] ltgn] n'6kf6 u/]sf lyP, wDsL lbg] u/]sf lyP / dflg; df/]sf lyP . To;}n] ;d'bfodf ltgLx¿ km]l/ ;dfhdf kms]{sf] :jLsf/ ug]{ dflg; e]6fpg lgs} uf¥xf] 5 .Æ!&#!&#

o;sf ;fy} w]/} ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / u}/ Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts bnx¿n] k'g:yf{kgkl5 p7\g ;Sg] tgfj clxNo} z'? eO;s]sf] ;DaGwdf s'/f p7fPsf lyP . of] kL8fbfoL cleJolQm vf;u/L k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf :yfgLo ;'/Iff Joj:yfkgdf k|ToIf ¿kn] ;+nUg x'g] lhNnf :t/sf /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf, g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L ansf log} JolQmx¿sf ;Gbe{df a9L pNn]vgLo lyof] .

w]/} ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿ / gful/s ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿ / gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw;dfhsf k|ltlglw nufotsf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] cfly{s cj;/x¿sf] Joj:yf ul/of] eg] To;n] ;fd'bflos ;'/Iff tyf d]nldnfknfO{ /fd|f];Fu k|a4{g ug{ ;Sg] ljrf/ /fv] . o;f] x'g ;S5 lsgeg] o;n] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ Jo:t /fVg'sf ;fy} ltgLx¿ / ltgsf kl/jf/x¿nfO{ lbuf] agfpg] tyf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs' -k'?if / dlxnf b'a}_ x¿nfO{ ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿af6 ;fdflhs ;Ddfg lbOg] ;fwgsf] sfd ug{ ;S5 . To;sf/0f clwsf+z ;d'bfo ;b:ox¿n] ;d'bfodf kms{g] n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf cfly{s cj;/x¿ pknAw u/fpg'k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;d'bfosf Ps k'?if ;b:on] eg]sf lyP M

æljbf ul/Psf / of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] ca s] ug]{ t< pgLx¿ a]/f]huf/ 5g\, clt sdn] dfq sfd kfPsf 5g\ . o; kl/l:yltdf pgLx¿n] h] hfGb5g\ ToxL t ug'{ kg]{ ef] -aGb's rnfpg_ . o;sf/0f ltgsf] lbdfu l:y/ x'Gg, ltgn] lx+;fsf af/] ;f]Rg] df}sf gkfpg\ eGg] ljrf/ u/]/ ;/sf/n] ltgnfO{ sfd lbg' k5{ .Æ!&$!&$

3/ kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu a9\bf] c;'/Iffsf af/]df klg k|Zg p7fOPsf] lyof] . s]xL jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L k'?if_, ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw, ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿n] 3/ kmls{/x]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿dfly ;d'bfo:t/df x'g] k5fl8af6 cfqmd0f ug]{ k|j[lQaf/] klg rf;f] JoQm ul/Psf] lyof] . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf Ps dlxnf ;d'bfo ;b:on] eg]sL lyOg\ M

æ;d'bfodf To:tf dflg; klg 5g\ hf] ltgLx¿ kms]{kl5 abnf lnG5' eg]/ klv{a;]sf 5g\ .Æ!&%!&%

o;f] eP klg, w]/} ;d'bfosf ;b:o tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] o;/L k5fl8kl§af6 3ft ug]{ k|j[lQsf] vt/f 3/ kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'sf] cfr/0fdf lge{/ ub{5 eGg] ljrf/ k|:t't u/]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu g]kfn k|x/Lsf Ps jl/i7 txsf clws[tn] eg]sf lyP M

æcfˆgf] klxn]sf] / clxn]sf] Jojxf/ kl/jt{g gu/]sf] v08df pgLx¿nfO{ ;'/Iff ;d:of x'g ;S5 . ;dfhn] cfkm"nfO{ :jLsf/ u/f];\ / ;Ddfg u/f];\ eGg] rfxG5g\ eg] pgLx¿n] cg'zf;g sfod u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . ltgn] ;dfhlj/f]wL / lx+;fTds tl/sfsf] Jojxf/ u/] eg] ;dfhn] klg ltgnfO{ e]befj t /fV5 g} . ;dfhn] s;/L x]5{ eGg] s'/f pgLx¿sf] Jojxf/df e/ kb{5 .Æ!&^!&^

kmn:j?k, ;d'bfosf ;b:o / k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'aLr åGåsf] vt/f -;DejtM lx+;fTds_ 5 . o;};Fu hf]8]/ ;d'bfosf ;b:o, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L, jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿, gful/s ;dfh / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] 3/ kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'sf nflu hgr]tgf clej[l4, cled'vLs/0f tyf ;fdflhsLs/0f ;DaGwL tflnd lbg / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ / k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'sf aLrdf ;+jfb tyf d]nldnfk a9fpg] vfnsf sfo{qmd nfu' ug{sf nflu k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmddf bL3{sfnLg ;+oGq ;dfj]z ug{'kg]{ cfjZostfsf] klxrfg u/]sf lyP .

38 ;femf ynf] <

!&& ;d'bfosf Ps k'?if ;b:o, ;d"x 5nkmnsf ;xefuL, /f]Nkf -@)!) d] @)_ !&* Ps Ps hgf;Fu lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf Ps jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs', gjnk/f;L -@)!) clk|n @!_ !&( ljbfO ul/Psf Ps k'?if n8fs', Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf, s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ *_

:yfgLo :t/df ;'/Iff lgsfo / kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ aLr tgfj pTkGg x'g] vt/f

kRrL; k|ltzt ;d'bfo ;b:ox¿ / g]kfn k|x/L tyf ;z:q k|x/L ansf tNnf] txsf s]xL clws[tx¿n] åGåsf] cj:yfdf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf lj?4 n8]s} ;d'bfox¿df kms{+bf ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iffdf cfFr cfpg ;Sg] wf/0ff JoQm u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] vf;u/L dfcf]jfbLsf] alnof] ks8 ePsf / /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿k|lt a9L g} cljZjf; /x]sf -h:t} /f]Nkf, s}nfnL, bfª / ;'v]{t_ 7fpFx¿df a9L o:tf] vt/f x'g ;Sg] atfPsf lyP . o; rf;f]sf] ;dy{gdf o; cg';Gwfgn] ;'/Iff lgsfok|lt dWo klZrdsf kxf8L If]qdf s]xL :t/df cljZjf; /x]sf] kQf nufPsf] lyof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;d'bfosf Ps k'?if ;b:on] eg]sf lyPM

æxfdL g]kfn k|x/Ln] ;+/If0f unf{ eGg] ljZjf; ug}{ ;Qm}gf}+ . åGåsf a]nf ltgn] s}of}+ lgbf]{if ufpFn]nfO{ df/]sf lyP, xfd|L r]nLa]6LnfO{ anfTsf/ u/]sf lyP .Æ!&& !&&

� ljsNksf ¿kdf eljiodf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf ljleGg c+udf ;fd]n x'g v'Nnfkg -k'g:yf{kg / ljsNksf ¿kdf eljiodf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf ljleGg c+udf ;fd]n x'g v'Nnfkg -k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgsf ;fy;fy}_;dfof]hgsf ;fy;fy}_

w]/} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] cem} klg ;dfof]hgsf] ljsNknfO{ k|fyldstf lbP klg s/La ̂ ) k|ltzt jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L dsjfgk'/ / l;Gw'kfNrf]saf6 cfPsf_ n] cfˆgf] eljiosf nflu ;Defljt ljsNksf ¿kdf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf ljleGg cª\ux¿df k|j]z ug]{ atfPsf lyP . w]/}n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lng'eGbf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf ljleGg cª\ux¿df k|j]z ug'{nfO{ a9L pQd ljsNksf ¿kdf lng'sf] cy{ s] nufPsf lyP eg] o;af6 pgLx¿nfO{ a9L ;'/Iff x'G5, ;dfg /fhgLlts cf:yf ePsf ;fyLx¿ ;Fu;u} sfd ug{ kfOG5, cfˆgf] /fhgLlts klxrfg sfod ug{ ;lsG5 / gful/s hLjgdf kms{+bf em]Ng'kg]{ ;d:ofx¿ klg kG5fpg ;lsG5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu Pshgf jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs'n] eg]sL lyOg\M

ædnfO{ cfkm" ;dfof]hgdf k?Fnf h:tf] nfUb}g . d gful/s eP/ klg b]zsf] ;]jf ug{ ;S5' . dnfO{ nfU5, ;]gfnfO{ xf]Og, /fhgLltnfO{ d]/f] a9L cfjZostf 5 .Æ!&*!&*

cGo -vf; u/L afnaRrfsL cfdfx¿_ n] cfˆgf afnaflnsfsf nflu ;'/lIft ljsNksf ¿kdf cGo gful/s hLjg j[lQx¿nfO{ cFufNg a9L OR5's b]lvPsf lyP .

� k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejaf6 l;Sg'kg]{ kf7 k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejaf6 l;Sg'kg]{ kf7

clxn];Ddsf k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejx¿n] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ gful/s hLjgdf kmls{;s]kl5 slt;Dd Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;DalGwt eO/xnfg\ eGg] s'/fsf] 5gs lbG5g\ . h] xf];\, k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejx¿n] o; ljifodf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf b[li6sf]0f em}+ jt{dfg -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] k|df0fLs/0f u/]sf_ n8fs'x¿;Fu leGg x'g ;S5g\ / ltgn] …cof]UoÚ 3f]lift x'g'k/]sf] / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] k|df0fLs/0fsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k dfcf]jfbL ;]gfaf6 aflxl/g' k/]sf] JolQmut cg'ej Jofks dfqfdf k|ltlalDat x'G5 h'g jt{dfg n8fs'x¿sf ;Gbe{df nfu' xF'b}g / /fhgLlts kl/b[Zo klg ablnPsf] 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg' klg h?/L 5 .

k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L ljbf ul/Psf_ n] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;Dks{ sfod ug]{

ljbf ul/Psf clwsf+z n8fs'x¿n] cfˆgf] dfcf]jfbL klxrfg sfod} /fVg] qmddf / kf6L{n] ;xof]u unf{ / ;+/If0f b]nf egL Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;Dks{ sfod} /fv]sf] atfP . To:tf Pshgf k"j{ n8fs'n] eg]sf lyPM

æd dfcf]jfbL kf6L{d} a;]sf] 5' lsgeg] pgLx¿n] g} xfd|f] cfly{s kIfdf x]/ljrf/ u5{g\ . xfdL clxn]nfO{ cof]Uo agfOP/ SofG6f]gd]06af6 aflx/ /x] tfklg xfdL dfcf]jfbLs} ;b:o aGg] xf] / hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ htfaf6 klg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] xf]======d}n] a'em];Dd -kf6L{n]_ vfg] a:g] cflb s'/fdf xfd|f] x]/ljrf/ u5{ / To;f] u/]g eg] clGtd pkfosf ¿kdf ljb|f]x ug{ afWo x'g'knf{ .Æ!&(!&(

s]xLn] lhNnfdf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf ljleGg cª\udf ;b:otf lng cfx\jfg ul/Psf] atfP eg]] cGon] cfkm" klxNo}b]lv ;b:o /x]sf] jf rfF8} ;b:otf lng nfu]sf], jfO;LPn\sf ultljlwdf nfu]sf] atfPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Pshgf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'n] eg]M

æcGo /fhgLlts bn jf ;z:q ;d"xdf hfg] ;Defjgf g} 5}g . xfdLn] b]z / hgtfsf nflu n8\of}+ / oxL dfq} -cfˆgf] nIosf nflu n8\g] _ kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLs} cGtu{t /x]/ sfd ul//xg] 5f}+ .

@=@=#=^= /fhgLlts = /fhgLlts k'g:yf{kg k'g:yf{kg

;]km/jN8{ 3939

!*) ljbfO ul/Psf Ps k'?if n8fs', Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf, Onfd -@)!) km]a|'c/L @%_ !*! Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf /fli6«o :t/sf Ps g]tf -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, sf7df8f}+ --@)!) h"g @(_ !*@ ljbf ul/Psf Pshgf k'?if n8fs', Ps Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf, s}nfnL -@)!) dfr{ (_ !*# Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, ;'b"/ klZrd t/fO{ -@)!) dfr{ (_ !*$ lnDa'cfg :jo+;]jssf k|ltlglw -ljifosf hfgsf/_ ;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, Onfd -@)!) km]a|'c/L !&_

rfF8} xfdL jfO;LPn jf dfcf]jfbLsf cGo cª\udf nfU5f}+ .Æ!*)!*)

;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿ -vf;u/L lhNnfdf /x]sf ;z:q k|x/L an tyf g]kfn k|x/Lsf tNnf] txsf clws[tx¿_ / /fli6«o :t/ / lhNnf :t/sf u}/ Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] jt{dfg tyf k"j{ b'a} k|sf/sf n8fs'x¿ jfO;LPndf nfu]sf 36gfx¿af/] atfPsf lyP . pgLx¿ Totf nfUg] lg0f{o ug'{sf] cy{ s] lyof] eg] jfO;LPnn] pgLx¿nfO{ / pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/nfO{ klg ;+/If0f lbG5 . vf;u/L åGå sfndf cfˆgf] 3/af/,hUufhldg / kl/jf/ u'dfPsfx¿sf] a'emfO{ o:tf] lyof] , pbfx/0fsf nflu Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf Ps g]tfn] eg]sf lyP M

æo'4sf a]nf w]/} dflg;n] cfˆgf] kl/jf/ / 3/af/ u'dfP / -To;sf/0f_ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf k"j{÷ jt{dfg n8fs' jf jfO;LPn;Fu ;d"xdf a:g' afx]s cGo ljsNk 5}g . pgLx¿nfO{ kfl/jfl/s ;xof]u g} 5}g eg] c¿ ljsNk s] 5 t < pgLx¿ ;d"xdf a:5g\, a:g} klg t k¥of] .Æ!*!!*!

h] eP klg o;af6 k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -/ ;DejtM k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ h;n] jfO;LPndf nfUg] lg0f{o u/]sf v08df To;sf] l;sf] ug{ ;S5g\_ nfO{ ;d'bfon] c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg] vt/f a9\g] h:tf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

k"j{ n8fs'x¿ cfkm"x¿nfO{ /fHo, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6 kl/Tofu ul/Psf] 7fG5g\

x'g t clwsf+z k"j{ n8fs' kf6L{n] ;xof]u unf{ / ;+/If0f b]nf egL s]xL c+zdf kf6L{;Fusf] ;Dks{d} /x]sf lyP k/Gt' ljbf ul/Psf ax';+Vos n8fs'x¿ ljbf ul/Psf ax';+Vos n8fs'x¿n] s]xL xb;Dd Pg]skf dfcf]jffbLn] pgLx¿nfO{ kl/Tofu u/]sf] jf /fhgLlts df]ndf]nfOdf cfkm"x¿nfO{ xltof/sf ¿kdf k|of]u u/]sf] cg'ej u/]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu ljbf ul/Psf Ps k'?if n8fs'n] eg]sf lyP M

æxfdLnfO{ /fHo / kf6L{ b'a}n] em'SofPsf] cg'ej x'G5 . /fHo xfd|f] /]vb]vdf OdfGbf/ ePg t/ To;eGbf t -Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLn]_ xfdLnfO{ x]k]sf] / xfd|f] /]vb]vdf c;kmn ePsf]n] p;n] a9L em'SofPsf] cg'ej ePsf] 5 .Æ!*@!*@

o:tf cg'ejx¿sf] :yfgLo gful/s ;dfh / ;/sf/L k|ltlglw tyf yf]/} dfqfdf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnf :t/sf g]tfx¿;Fu lnOPsf cGtjf{tf{n] ;dy{g hgfPsf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnf :t/sf Ps g]tfsf] egfO{ lyof] M

ædnfO{ lrGtf t cof]Uo agfOPsf n8fs'x¿sf] af/]df nfu]sf] 5 . ltgn] s] unf{g\, sxfF a:nfg\ < /fHon] ltgnfO{ unt agfof], / jf:tjdf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] klg ltgnfO{ tn} kf¥of] / pm klg o;sf nflu lhDd]jf/ 5 . o;n] lgs6 eljiodf l56} 7"nf] / uDeL/ k|sf/sf] åGå lgDTofpg] 5 . ltgLx¿n] w]/} jif{ n8] / clxn] s]xL klg glbP/ l/Qf] xft 3/ kmsf{OPsf] 5 .Æ!*#!*#

gful/s hLjgdf kms]{kl5 Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ 5f8\b} k"j{ n8fs'x¿

ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿dWo] s/La $) k|ltztn] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL;Fusf] ;DaGwnfO{ oyfjt\ sfod /fv]gg\ . o:tf] x'g'sf] sf/0f lyof] pgLx¿nfO{ Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLn] em'SofPsf] jf tn kf/]sf] cg'ej x'g' . cGo s]xLsf nflu ;fdfGotof pgLx¿sf] /fhgLltk|ltsf] e|d 6'6\g' xf] . / cGo s]xLsf nflu gofF cfk/flws ;d"x v8f ug]{ jf To:tf ;d"xdf nfUg] cle?lr x'g' lyof] -dfly x]g'{xf];\_ . jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿n] :ki6 ¿kdf cGo hftLo /fhgLlts ;d"xdf nfUg] jf nflu;s]sf eg]/ atfPgg\ t/ oL kf6L{sf g]tfn] s]xL k"j{ n8fs' -w]/}h;f] ljbf ul/Psf n8fs' tyf :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf n8fs'x¿_ n] cfˆgf] ;d"xdf cfpg ;Dks{ /fv]sf] atfPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps lnDa'cfg :jo+;]js g]tfn] eg]sf lyPM

æljbfOdf k/]sf y'k|} hgd'lQm ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿n] xfd|f] ;d"xdf cfpg / xfd|f dfu k"/f u/fpg d2t ug]{ OR5f u/]sf 5g\ .Æ!*$!*$

h] xf];\, o:tf] x'g'sf k5fl8 c?sf nflu Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLdf ;dlk{t ePkl5 k"/f ug{ gkfPsf] cfˆgf] kfl/jfl/s bfloTj k"/f ug'{ klg Pp6f sf/0f lyof] .

#l;kmfl/zx¿

!*%!*%

tn k|:t't ul/Psf l;kmfl/zx¿tn k|:t't ul/Psf l;kmfl/zx¿ cg';Gwfgsf qmddf cGtjf{tf{ lnFbf jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿, ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿, /fhgLlts bnx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿, :yfgLo clwsf/Lx¿ / gful/s ;dfh nufotsf nlIft ;d"xx¿n] lbPsf ;'emfjx¿af6 lnOPsf x'g\ -x]g'{xf];\ v08 ! / cg';"lr #_ . l;kmfl/zdf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿n] u/]sf cg'ejx¿nfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /flvPsf] 5 -x]g'{xf];\ cg';"lr !_ . oL l;kmfl/zdf klxrfg ul/Psf ljifox¿sf] ;+Zn]if0f tyf s;/L åGå tyf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn tl/sfn] k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ cfZj:t kfg{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fsf] ljZn]if0fdf cfwfl/t eO{ ;]km/jN8{n] tof/ u/]sf ;'emfj klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . ;]km/jN8{n] klg sfof{Gjogsf] ;do;Ldf tyf lhDd]jf/ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{x¿ klxrfg ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

cg';Gwfgn] jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgsf ;fy;fy} t];|f] ljsNksf ¿kdf /fhgLlts hLjg lgdf{0f -sl/c/_ df k|j]z ug]{ ;DaGwdf ljleGg b[li6sf]0fx¿df Wofg s]lGb|t u/]sf] 5 / o;df k|ltj]bgn] hf]8 lbPsfdf eGbf aflx/sf k/]sf x'gfn] To:tf l;kmfl/z oxfF o; v08df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g . l;kmfl/z tof/ ug]{ / sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfd ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg cfof]ux¿ -tn x]g'{xf];\_ n] ug'{kb{5 / To:tf cfof]ux¿ cl:tTjdf gePsf] cj:yfdf ljz]if ;ldlt / k|fljlws ;ldltn] ug'{kb{5 .

� /fhgLlts ;xdlt / n]gb]g /fhgLlts ;xdlt / n]gb]g

k|efjsf/L lsl;dn] ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg xf]cf];\ / zflGt k|lqmofsf] ;kmn cg'e"lt aGg ;sf];\ eGg] b[li6n] / cem ;du|d} /fhgLlts ;xdlt / n]gb]g clt dxTjk"0f{ kIf x'g hfG5g\ . ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿n] d'Vo ljjfbf:kb ljifox¿df cfˆgf] c8fgnfO{ lglZrt :t/df nlrnf] agfpg' kb{5 . o;df ;xdltdf k'Ugsf] nflu ;dfof]hg ul/g] n8fs'sf] ;+Vof, tx ldnfg÷;b\efj agfpg], dfcf]jfbL ;]gfnfO{ Jojf;flos agfpg tflnd, ;dfof]hgsf] vfsf -JolQmut :t/df jf ;d"xut ¿kdf_ tyf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ldl>t jf leGg} ;}Go ;+/rgfdf k|j]z u/fpg] h:tf ljifo kb{5g\ .

� åGå tyf n}lËs ;Dj]bgzLn k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hgsf] lj:t[t gLlt tof/ ug]{ åGå tyf n}lËs ;Dj]bgzLn k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hgsf] lj:t[t gLlt tof/ ug]{

Psflt/ k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofnfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ sfg'g / gLltx¿ ljBdfg 5g\, csf]{lt/ xfn dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg ug]{ :ki6 /0fgLlt agfpg] clg oL k|lqmof 7\ofSs} s;/L ;DkGg x'G5g\ eGg] k|fljlws kIf;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} sfg'g 5}gg\ .!*^!*^ To;sf/0f dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] ljBdfg tyf -;+efljt_ gofF ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df

#=! k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg b'a};Fu

;DalGwt l;kmfl/zx¿

!*% o; k|ltj]bgdf ePsf ;a} l;kmfl/z ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] PsLs[t lgMz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g;{dfof]hg dfkb08 -8L8Lcf/_, @))%, cg'?k tof/ ul/Psf x'g\ . x]g'{xf];\ M http://unddr.org/iddrs/framework.php

!*^ k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg;Fu ;DalGwt ljBdfg sfg'g tyf gLltx¿sf] lj:t[t ljZn]if0f tyf ltgnfO{ s;/L ;'b[9 t'Nofpg'k5{ eGg]af/]sf l;kmfl/zsf nflu x]g'{xf];\ cg';"lr @ .

;]km/jN8{ 41

!*& k'g:yf{kgnfO{ 8L8Lcf/sf] …k'gP{sLs/0fÚ ‘reinsertion’ r/0fsf sfo{qmdx¿sf] ;Gbe{df lnOPsf] 5 .

;dfof]hg / gful/s hLjgdf k'g:yf{kg ug]{ ;DaGwL gLlt agfpg /fhgLlts ;xdlt u/L :ki6;Fu oL k|lqmof s;/L sfof{Gjog ug'{k5{ eGg] ls6fg ug]{ u/L k|fyldstfdf /fVg'k5{ .

;f] gLltdf o; v08df /]vfª\lst ul/Psf l;kmfl/zx¿ sfof{Gjog ug]{ Joj:yf ;dfj]z ul/g'k5{ / kl/l:ylt cg's"n ;+j]bgzLn x'g'kb{5 . o;df k'?if / dlxnf -dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ nufot_ sf leGg–leGg cfjZostfnfO{ ;dfg ¿kdf Wofg lbO{ ;Daf]wg ul/g'kb{5 . o;sf nflu ;'/Iff lgsfox¿, ;d'bfo, gful/s ;dfh / ;/sf/ nufotsf d'Vo d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu 5nkmn u/L gLlt lgdf{0f ug{ lhDd]jf/ k|fljlws ;ldlt pkl:yt 5Fb}5 . lj:t[t gLlt lgdf{0f ul/Pkl5 o;nfO{ cjfl~5t 9ª\un] ljnDa gu/L cg's"n agfpg] sfd ul/xfNg'kb{5 .

� k"j{ tof/L tyf of]hgf;DaGwL lqmofsnfk sfof{Gjog ug'{k5{ eGg] cfjZostf af]w ug'{ kg]{ k"j{ tof/L tyf of]hgf;DaGwL lqmofsnfk sfof{Gjog ug'{k5{ eGg] cfjZostf af]w ug'{ kg]{

k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg Psbd l56f] x'g ;s] klg o;n] k|lqmofsf] k|efjsfl/tf -åGå tyf n}lËs ;Dj]bgzLntf nufot_ nfO{ lglZrt ub}{g -tn x]g'{xf];\_ . t;y{ sfof{Gjogsf] k|f/lDes r/0fnfO{ nfdf] k|lqmofsf] z'?jftsf ¿kdf dfq lnOg'kb{5 . o;df k"j{ tof/L tyf of]hgf klg kb{5 t/ o;df t6:y k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg cfof]ux¿n] k|ToIf lgu/fgL /fVg' kg]{ sfof{Gjogsf] oyfy{jfbL ;do;Ldf klg /x]sf] x'g'k5{ -tn x]g'{xf];\_ .

k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg klqmofsf] clwstd k|efj ;'lglZrt ug{ sDtLdf klg 5 dxLgfsf] sDtLdf klg 5 dxLgfsf] ;do k"j{ tof/L tyf of]hgf r/0fsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu 5'6\ofpg'kb{5 ;do k"j{ tof/L tyf of]hgf r/0fsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu 5'6\ofpg'kb{5 . o:tf ultljlwdf cled'vLs/0f, ;+j]bLs/0f, hgr]tgf clej[l4, ;~rf/ / d"Nofª\sg tyf 5nkmn k/fdz{ cflb kb{5g\ -v08 #=@=! / #=#=*_.!*&!*&

k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofx¿n] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf jt{dfg k'?if / dlxnf n8fs'x¿, /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ nufot :yfgLo kl/j]znfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ltgsf leGg–leGg cfjZostfnfO{ ;d]6L ltgsf] ;du| k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ ;'b[9 t'NofPsf] x'g' cfjZos 5 .

ljbfO{ ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;fdgf ul/Psf r'gf}ltx¿af6 l;lsPsf kf7x¿n] o; k"j{ tof/Lsf] r/0fsf] cfjZostf / dxTjdfly hf]8 lbG5g\ . ltgdf /fhgLlts n]gb]g / k|lta4tfsf] cefjsf sf/0fn] ubf{ kof{Kt ;ª\qmd0f tyf cled'vLs/0fsf] r/0f ;dfj]z ul/Psf] lyPg / Psbd} 5f]6f] ;do;Ldf leq sfof{Gjog ul/;Sg'kg]{ bafa /x]sf] lyof] . kmn:j?k tL sfo{qmddf o:tf r'gf}lt cfPsf lyP . o; k"j{ tof/L tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fdf, ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg ug{ afFsL /x]sf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ xfnsf lzlj/df -;ª\qmd0fsfnLg s]Gbsf ¿kdf_ /flvg'kb{5 hf] ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgeGbf klxn] k/fdz{, cled'vLs/0f tyf ;+j]bLs/0f tflnd lbg] sfo{sf] cfwf/ aGg ;sf];\ .

� k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hgsf] sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udgsf nflu t6:y ;+oGqx¿sf] :yfkgf ug]{ k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hgsf] sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udgsf nflu t6:y ;+oGqx¿sf] :yfkgf ug]{

b'O{j6f /fli6«o :t/sf /fhgLlts ¿kn] t6:y tyf ;/sf/L :jfldTjdf /xg] ;+oGqx¿ :yfkgf ug'{ kb{5—Pp6f, k'g:yf{kgsf] sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udgsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ ;+oGq / csf]{ ;dfof]hgsf] sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udgsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ ;+oGq . oL ;+oGq /fhgLlts ¿kn] t6:y 5g\ egL ;'lglZrt ug{ ltgdf /fhgLlts bnx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{ x'Gg . o;sf] ;f6f] k|To]s ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿ -k"j{ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;d]t k|ltlglwTj ePsf]_, /fli6«o ;'/Ifflj1x¿ - / ;DalGwt ljifodf cfjZos jfXo ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] Ps hgf cGt/f{li6«o ;'/Iff lj1 t/ h;n] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ sfddf /fli6«o ;dsIfL;Fu ldn]/ sfd ug'{k5{_, /Iff dGqfno, u[x dGqfno, :jf:Yo dGqfno, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf dGqfno / zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfnosf k|ltlglw ;lDdlnt ;Nnfxsf/ 6f]nL ;lxtsf] Ps ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf] /fli6«o :t/sf] ;dfof]hg cfof]u;dfof]hg cfof]u :yfkgf ug'{kb{5 . o; ;Nnfxsf/ 6f]nLsf ;b:ox¿ /fhgLlts ¿kdf t6:y /xg'kb{5 / ltgn] ;dfof]hgsf ljleGg cª\ux¿sf nflu k|fljlws ;Nnfx lbg'sf ;fy} sfof{Gjogsf] 9fFrf Pj+ lgu/fgL /fVg] ;+oGqx¿nfO{ k/fdz{ lbg'kb{5 -v08 #=!_ . ;Nnfxsf/ 6f]nLsf ;b:ox¿ / ;dfof]hg cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx¿ ;a} ;LdfGtLs[t ;d"xx¿ ;dfj]zLd"ns -ljz]if u/L dlxnf, o'jf / ;LdfGtLs[t hfthfltsf ;d"xaf6 cfPsf_ x'g' kb{5 .

of] ;dfof]hg cfof]usf] ;x—cWoIftf /Iff dGqfno / u[x dGqfnon]] -/ ef}lts cjl:yltsf lx;fan] oL b'O{dWo] s'g} Ps dGqfnodf /xg' kg]{_ ug'{ kb{5 . ;f] cfof]u ;dfof]hgsf] ¿k/]vf

42 ;femf ynf] <

tyf ljlwx¿sf] sfof{Gjog -;+Vof / k|lqmofdf ;xdlt eO;s]kl5 _ sf nflu lhDd]jf/ x'g'kb{5 / p;n] g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L an -gofF ;'/Iff lgsfo v8f ul/Psf v08df yk To;nfO{ klg_ nfO{ cfjZostf k/]sf] v08df k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . o:tf] ;xof]u vf;u/L lgDgfg';f/sf If]qdf x'g]5M

k/fdz{bftfsf x}l;otn] tflnd, hgr]tgf clej[l4df ;xhLs/0f, gful/s— ;}lgs / k|x/L— ;d'bfo ;DaGw, k|To]s lgsfosf gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf sd{rf/L :t/df n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn ;'g'jfO{, k|To]s lgsfoleq ;b\efj a9fpg lgsfout gLlt tyf cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] d"nk|jfxLs/0f . o; k|ltj]bgdf lbOPsf cGo l;kmfl/zx¿ klg cfof]usf] sfo{;~rfngdf nfu' x'G5g\ . cfof]un] k|lqmofsf] k|efjsfl/tf af/]df klg cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ug'{kb{5 . ljz]if ;ldltn] o; cfof]usf] :yfkgfsf nflu l;kmfl/z ug'{ kb{5 .

o;sf ;fy}, /fhgLlts ¿kdf t6:y / ;/sf/L :jfldTj k|fKt u/]sf] /fli6«o :t/sf] k'g:yf{kg k'g:yf{kg cfof]ucfof]usf] :yfkgf ul/g'kb{5 / of] cfof]u k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog tyf Joj:yfkgdf lhDd]jf/ x'g' kb{5 . o;df zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno, u[x dGqfno, >d tyf oftfoft dGqfno, lzIff dGqfno, :jf:Yo dGqfno, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf dGqfno, / k'g:yf{kg ;daGwL /fli6«o lj1 -;a} bnx¿n] ;xdlt hgfPsf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 / cGo s'g} cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yf / /fli6«o ;dsIfL;Fu ldn]/ sfd ug]{ cGt/f{li6«o ;Nnfxsf/x¿_, kfFr ljsf; If]q k|To]saf6 -k"j{_ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf Ps Ps hgf k|ltlglw -h:t}M cfof]usf] lhNnf :t/sf k|ltlglwaf6 klxNofOPsf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf /x]sfx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj_ / k"j{ / jt{dfg ;'/Iff lgsfo sd{rf/L -d'Vo ¿kdf k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd k|lqmofdf pTkGg x'g] tgfj Joj:yfkgdf k|ToIf ¿kdf ;+nUg x'g] g]kfn k|x/L tyf ;z:q k|x/L anaf6 tfg]/_ ;dfj]z u/]sf] ;Nnfxsf/ 6f]nLsf] Joj:yf x'g' kb{5 . o;df klg :jf:Yo ;]jf, cfo cfh{g / k]zfut tflnd, sfg'gL ;]jf, n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf tyf lzIff h:tf k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL k|f;ª\lus If]qdf sfd ug]{ lghL If]q / gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 . k|ltlglwx¿ /fhgLlts ¿kdf t6:y x'g' kb{5 / k'g:yf{kgsf k|fljlws kIfx¿df of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] vfnsf x'g' kb{5 . ;Nnfxsf/ 6f]nLn] cfof]usf] ;+/rgf / To;leq lhDd]jf/Lsf] afF8kmfF8 ug{df l;kmfl/z ug'{sf ;fy} sfof{Gjogdf ;fdfGo lgu/fgL ug]{ / lgu/fgL /fVg] ;+oGqx¿nfO{ ;'emfj lbg] sfd klg ug'{kg]{ 5 .

k'g:yf{kg cfof]u ;/sf/sf] dGqfnosf] :jfldTjdf x'g' kb{5 / /fhgLlts ;xdltsf cfwf/df v8f ePsf] x'g' kb{5 . cfof]usf] sfd k'g:yf{kgsf tf]lsPsf ;DalGwt ljifout sfo{x¿ h:t} lzIff, dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{, :jf:Yo ;]jf / Joj;fo ;DaGwL tflndsf sfd ug]{ ljleGg l6dx¿;Fu ;dGjo ug'{ klg xf] . l6dsf ljz]if e"ldsfx¿, ;+Vof / ;+/rgfaf/] ;Nnfxsf/ 6f]nLn] lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 t/ To;df lgDg cª\ux¿ eg] ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g' k5{ M cfly{s tyf k|zf;g ljefu -n]vf, ah]6, ;fdfg v/Lb, k|zf;g, sd{rf/L / ;"rgf k|ljlw_, sfo{ ;Def/ ljefu -:jf:Yo tyf dgf];fdflhs, cfly{s k'g:yf{kg, ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg, n}lËs tyf lhNnf ;Dks{ l6dx¿_ / ;"rgf, cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ljefu -;"rgf tyf hg ;Dks{sf ;fy} Joj:yfkg, ;"rgf k|0ffnL tyf cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg OsfO{ ;d]t_ ;Nnfxsf/ 6f]nLsf ;b:ox¿ / k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf sd{rf/Ldf ;a} ;LdfGtLs[t ;d"xx¿ -ljz]if u/L dlxnf, o'jf / ;LdfGtLs[t hfthfltsf ;d"xaf6 cfPsf_ ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g' kb{5 . ljz]if ;ldltn] o; cfof]usf] :yfkgf ug{ l;kmfl/z u/L o;} cfof]unfO{ k'g:yf{kgsf] sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udgsf] lhDd]jf/L ;'Dkg' k5{ . k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf] k|:tfljt ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf cg';"lr $ df x]g'{xf];\ .

lhNnf :t/df k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf] pkl:yltlhNnf :t/df k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf] pkl:ylt M lhNnf :t/df k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg sfo{sf] ;dGjo ug{ lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tx¿ -l8cf/cf]_, lhNnf cg'udg clws[tx¿ -l8Pdcf]_ / dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{bftf -lkP;;L_ sf] dfWodaf6 :yflkt / sfod ug'{ kb{5 . cfof]usf] lhNnf :t/sf] pkl:yltnfO{ /fli6«o :t/sf cfof]ux¿n] hf]8\g] / Joj:yfkg ug]{5g\ tyf dfly pNn]v ul/Pem}+ /fli6«o :t/df agfOPsf] :t/Ls[t sfo{;~rfng ljlw lgb]{lzsf -P;cf]kL_ cg'?k g} sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 .

lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tx¿ -l8cf/cf]_ n] lhNnf :t/df k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yfkg, ;dGjo tyf ;xof]udf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kb{5 . pgLx¿sf] k|fylds sfo{ eg]sf] :yfgLo :t/df k'g:yf{kg eO/x]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿;Fu} JolQmut / ;fd"lxs ¿kdf ldn]/ pgLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg', :yfgLo clwsf/Lx¿;Fu ;Dks{ ;dGjo /fVg' ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt -uflj;_ / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt -lhlj;_ tyf ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldlt -v08 #=#=*=#_, Jofj;flos tflnd lbg]x¿, :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfosx¿, lzIff ;]jf k|bfosx¿, dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{bftfx¿, cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ljleGg sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{df ;l/s u/fpg' xf] . o;n] lgoldt sfo{If]q lj:tf/ u/fpg'sf ;fy} ;d'bfonfO{ lg/Gt/ ;+j]bgzLn t'Nofpg] / cGtl/d ;ª\qmd0f sfndf n8fs'x¿b]lv gful/sx¿;DdnfO{ sfd ug{ ;lhnf] kfb{5 -v08

;]km/jN8{ 43

!** x]g'{xf];\ v08 #=#=! . nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf lgDgfg';f/sf If]q ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g'kb{5 !_ t/fO{ / kxf8sf ;a} 7"nf ;x/L If]q –h:t} sf7df8f+}, g]kfnu~h, lj/f6gu/, jL/u~h, ljtf{df]8 cflb_, @_ SofG6f]gd]06 /x]sf / SofG6f]gd]06df k|j]z u/]b]lv g} ;d'bfodf n8fs'x¿n] ldqtf ufF;]sf jf ;DaGw agfPsf clg o;} If]qdf /xg] a:g] OR5f u/]sf If]q -vf;u/L dWodf~rn, dWo klZrd / ;'b"/ klZrdsf t/fO{_ / #_ clwsf+z dfcf]jfbLx¿ hGd]sf jf Totfaf6 cfPsf / vf;u/L ToxfF /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ ePdf eljiodf s'g} g s'g} lx;fan] kms]{/ hfg ;Sg] If]q -h:t} /f]Nkf, sflnsf]6, d'u', ?s'd / afh'/f h:tf dWo klZrd / ;'b"/ klZrdsf kxf8L If]q_ . pgLx¿ kms{g] :yfg lglZrt ug{sf nflu ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ kfbf{, ;+sng ubf{sf tYofª\snfO{ pkof]u ug'{kg]{ x'G5 -v08 #=#=*=!

#=#=*=# / #=#=(=@_ .

lhNnf cg'udg clws[tx¿ -l8Pdcf]_ n] cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ;Da4 ;+:yfsf ¿kdf /x]sf ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldlt;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L lhNnf :t/df k':yf{kg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ubf{ k|fKt ;kmntfx¿ / ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf r'gf}ltsf af/]df tYofª\s ;+sng ug]{ lhDd]jf/L jxg ug'{ kb{5 - v08 #=#=*=# _ . o:tf tYofª\s cfof]usf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg k|0ffnLdf k'Ug' kb{5 .

dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{bftfx¿ lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tx¿ -l8cf/cf]_, lhNnf cg'udg clws[tx¿ -l8Pdcf]_ tyf ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldlt;Fu lgs6 /xL sfd ug]{ / k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ / ;d'bfox¿nfO{ k/fdz{ ;]jf lbgdf lhDd]jf/ /xg'sf ;fy} pgLx¿n] k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf] :jf:Yo tyf dgf];fdflhs l6dsf] Ps c+zsf] lgdf{0f ug'{kb{5 -dfly / cg';"lr $ x]g'{xf];\_ .

lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tx¿ -l8cf/cf]_ nlIft ef}uf]ns If]qsf :yfgx¿df!**!** -vf;u/L lhlj; h:tf ljBdfg lhNnf :t/Lo ;+/rgfdf_ a:g' kb{5 . x/]s lhNnfdf Ps lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[t / Ps dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{bftfsf] k|aGw x'g'kb{5, k"j{ n8fs'sf] ;+Vof @ ;o gf3]sf] v08df k|To]s @ ;o hgfsf] b/n] Ps Ps hgf yk lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[t / yk Ps hgf dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{bftfsf] k|aGw x'g' kb{5 . o;n] k|To]s @ ;o k"j{ n8fs' a/fa/ Ps Ps hgfsf] b/n] l8cf/cf] / lkP;;L eGbf a9L x'g hfFb}g . k|To]s l8Pdcf]nfO{ kfFr lhNnf -nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf_ df cg'udg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lbOg' kb{5 .

oL cfof]ux¿n] ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;fy} sfof{Gjog r/0fsf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ;dGjo ug'{ kb{5 -oL ljleGg r/0fx¿sf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f tn x]g'{xf];\_ . of] xfl;n ug{ oL cfof]ux¿ clt g} h?/L ePsfn] :yflkt ug'{ kb{5 .

oL cfof]ux¿sf] sfof{jlw ljz]if ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd x'g'k5{ / ;/f]sf/jfnx¿sf aLrdf kof{Kt ;dGjo tyf ;ª\qmd0f sfn Pj+ sfof{Gjog b''a} r/0fsf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog / cg'udgsf nflu hlt ;do cfjZos x'G5, oyfy{jfbL lsl;dn] TolQs} nfdf] / kof{Kt ;do tf]Sg' kb{5 . cGo kl/l:yltaf6 kf7 l;s]sf cfwf/df ltgsf] sfof{jlw cfjZos k/]sf v08df hDdf kfFr jif{;Dd lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsg] u/L clxn]nfO{ tLg jif{sf nflu tf]Sg' plrt x'G5 . o;f] eP tfklg cfof]usf] cfsf/ / If]q ;do laTb} hfFbf cfjZostf cg';f/ 36\t} hfg] x'g ;S5, pbfx/0fsf nflu a9\bf] cg'udgn] k|lt:yfkg ub}{ uPkl5 tflnd ultljlwx¿ 36\g ;S5g\ .

� cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg

dfly /]vfª\lst ul/Pem}+ ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ug{sf nflu lj:t[t cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg k|0ffnL :yfkgf ug'{ kb{5 / tL k|0ffnL ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg cfof]ux¿leq cfwfl/t /xL ltgLx¿af6} ;+of]hg ul/Psf] x'g' kb{5 . k|efjsf/L ¿kdf cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ To;nfO{ kof{Kt dfqfdf dxTj lbOg' kb{5 . o;sf nflu b'a} cfof]udf Ps l6dsf] :yfkgf ug'{kb{5 / Tof] ljz]if u/L cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sgsf lqmofsnfk ;dGjo ug]{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{df k"0f{tof ;dlk{t x'g' kb{5 . To;df k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf] xsdf dfq lhNnf :t/df l8Pdcf]sf] dfWodaf6 ;dlk{t cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg sd{rf/L /x]sf] x'g' cfjZos 5 -dfly x]g'{xf];\_ .

cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg sd{rf/Lx¿ ;"rgf ;+sng, ljZn]if0f / k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ k|lqmofdf sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogdf t6:y / lg:kIf 5g\ egL cfZj:t t'Nofpg pgLx¿n] sfo{qmd sfof{GjognfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ cg'udgnfO{ g]t[Tj ug{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ sd{rf/L;Fu k|efjsf/L lsl;dn] ;xsfo{ ug'{ clt g} dxTjk"0f{ sfd xf] . k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg cfof]ux¿ cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg lj1x¿sf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sgsf 9fFrf tyf ;kmntf gfKg] ;"rsx¿ tof/ ug{ / ltgdf ;xdt agfpg lhDd]jf/ x'g' kb{5 . k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hgsf ;kmntfnfO{ gfKg] ;"rsx¿n] sfo{qmdsf p2]Zox¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf ;kmntf gfKgdf / sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf ;Daf]wg ug}{ kg]{ sdL sdhf]/L klxrfg ug{df dfq hf]8 lbg] xf]Og clkt' ltgn] åGå tyf ;'/Iffsf] Jofks ;Gbe{df sfo{qmdn] kf/]sf c;/sf] d"Nofª\sg ;d]t u/]sf] x'g' k5{ .

44 ;femf ynf] <

� k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg JolQmut k|fyldstfsf ;"rgfdf cfwfl/t x'g'k5{ k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg JolQmut k|fyldstfsf ;"rgfdf cfwfl/t x'g'k5{

k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hgn] JolQmut k|fyldstf -sf ;fy;fy} ;'/Iff If]qsf cfjZostf, ;fdflhs cfly{s cj;/x¿ / sl7gfO{ tyf ef/ jxg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf_ s] s] /x]5g\ eGg] ;"rgfnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 . To;f] t x/]s jt{dfg n8fs'nfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfodf hfg rfxG5g\ ls gful/s hLjgdf kms{g rfxG5g\ eGg] s'/fdf p;sf] k|fyldstf a'em\gsf nflu ;f]Wg} k5{, tyflk oL 5gf]6nfO{ /fli6«o ;'/Iff cfjZostfleq ;d]6\g] k|of; klg ug'{ kb{5 . jt{dfg n8fs'x¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] eljiosf af/]df ;';"lrt lg0f{o ug{ ;xof]u ug{sf] nflu jf:tjdf ;'/Iff lgsfodf jf gful/s If]qdf s] s:tf /f]huf/L pknAw x'g ;S5g\, tna slt 5, e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/L s] x'g] / sfd ug]{ cj:yf s] s:tf] 5 eGg] af/] ;"rgf pknAw u/fPsf] x'g'k5{ . k|To]s SofG6f]gd]06df Ps xKtfsf] ;do lnO{ o:tf ljifodf ;"rgf k|;f/ ug{ / ;DalGwt ljifodf hfgsf/L lbg] krf{ k'l:tsf ljt/0f ug{ x/]s @)) hgf ;xefuLnfO{ Ps k6sdf -Ps 306]_ ;d"x k|jrg lbg' kb{5 . of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{dfnfO{ o;af/]df ;"lrt ug{ k|jrgkl5 ;a} ;xefuL;dIf s;}sf dfWodaf6 jf uf]Ko dtbfg k|0ffnLaf6 cfˆgf] 5gf]6df k/]sf] If]q af/]sf] ;+s]t pknAw u/fpg cg'/f]w ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf 5nkmn ;ª\s|d0fsf] tof/L tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0f z'? ug'{ cufj} ug'{kb{5 / k|fljlws ;ldltn] ;+of]hg u/]sf] x'g' k5{ . o;af6 ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgdf hfg rfxg]x¿sf] ;+Vof yfxf kfpg Pp6f ;"rssf] sfd klg ub{5 .

� nfut ljZn]if0f / sf]if v8f ug]{ ljifodf nfut ljZn]if0f / sf]if v8f ug]{ ljifodf

jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ / /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L nufotsf cGo d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿_ sf cfjZostf, ck]Iff tyf rf;f]x¿ cg';f/sf] ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmof th'{df ubf{ To:tf of]hgf g]kfnsf Jofks -;'/Iff tyf cfly{s_ cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ vfnsf / cem wfGg ;lsg] vfnsf x'g' h?/L 5 . o;y{ of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf] d'Vo c+zsf ¿kdf ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg of]hgfx¿sf] - ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg cfof]ux¿ gx'Fbfsf] cj:yfdf k|fljlws ;ldltåf/f_ Ps lj:t[t nfut ljZn]if0f, sf]if v8f ug]{ sfd -;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg cfof]ux¿ gx'Fbfsf] cj:yfdf k|fljlws ;ldltsf] ;+of]hgdf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo / 3/]n' k|flwsf/åf/f_ tyf ck]Iff Joj:yfkg -;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿åf/f_ x'g' kb{5 . cfly{s ;|f]tsf] pknAwtf / ah]6sf sl7gfOn] of]hgfa4 lqmofsnfkdf c;/ ug]{ x'gfn] cufl8 g} eO{ kl/cfpg ;Sg] l:yltsf nflu ;d]t of]hgfx¿ tof/ ul/g' kb{5 .

� cfly{s ;|f]t tyf ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf cfly{s ;|f]t tyf ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf

;DkGg x'g' kg]{ k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf nflu cfly{s ;|f]t ;Dej eP;Dd ;/sf/n] g} pknAw u/fpg' k5{{ / ;/sf/n] To:tf] cfly{s ;|f]t Aoxf]g{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . o:tf sf]ifx¿ pTs[i6 7xl/Psf cGt/f{li6«o cEof;x¿ cg'?k kof{Kt clg plrt dfqfdf ;d]t x'g' cfjZos x'G5 . sDtLdf klg, ;/sf/n] u}/ cfly{s ;|f]tx¿ 5'6\ofpg' kb{5 / ;DalGwt ljBdfg ;/sf/L lgsfox¿nfO{ oL k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g tyf ;xof]u ug{ ;Ifd agfpg' kb{5 . o;df ;/sf/sf :jf:Yo ;]jf tyf lzIff ;]jf / uflj; tyf /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf kg{ ;Qm5g\ . o;df tflnddf ;xof]u ug{ ;|f]t pknAw u/fpg], of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f;DaGwL sfd ug]{]{, kL8f lgjf/0f k/fdz{ tyf d]nldnfk / kl/jf/ OsfO{x¿ :yfkgf ug]{, cfl>tx¿sf lglDt ;xof]uL ;+oGq tyf pko'Qm ePdf ;dfof]hg cfof]usf dfWodaf6 ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn gLlt agfpg] h:tf ljifox¿ klg kg{ ;Qm5g\ .

;/sf/n] sf]if pknAw u/fpg g;Sg] 7fpFdf klg tL k|lqmofsf nflu /fhgLlts k|lta4tf lng] sfd ug'{ kb{5 / cfof]ux¿sf] t6:ytfdf ;Demf}tf gu/Lsg} ;/sf/n] cfkm"n] ug]{ u/]sf] k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg cfof]ux¿sf] ;+of]hgsf dfWodaf6 tL k|lqmofdfly cfˆgf] :jfldTj xfl;n ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;/sf/n] Jofks hgtfdfem cem vf;u/L :yfgLo ;/sf/L lgsfox¿nfO{ cfof]ux¿leqsf lj1 6f]nLx¿n] d~h'/ u/]sf / pko'Qm dfg]sf ;xof]u / ;xsfo{sf nflu cg'/f]w ub}{ k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] af/]df ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ e"ldsf v]Ng' kb{5 . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdn] ;fdgf u/]sf r'gf}ltx¿n] /]vfª\lst u/]em}+ k|lqmofdflysf] ;/sf/L :jfldTj -/fhgLlts/0fsf ljk/Lt_ k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] ;kmntf / Kofs]hx¿ lngsf nflu clt dxTjk"0f{ ljifo xf] -cg';"lr !_.

åGå ;+j]bgzLn ljlw ckgfOPsf] 5 / k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] kl/0ffd:j?k ;d'bfoleq tgfjx¿ emg\ lau|Fbf] cj:yflt/ nfu]sf 5}gg\ egL cfZj:t t'Nofpg k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿df ;xefuL ePsf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ pknAw u/fOPsf] lgjf{x eQf pgLx¿sf] hLjg lgjf{x ug{df

;]km/jN8{ 45

!*( dfu{lgb]{zgsf nflu ;fdflhs Pj+ cfly{s k'g;{dfof]hgsf af/]df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3, PsLs[t lgz:qLs/0f,ckl/rfng / k'g;{dfof]hg dfkb08 -cfO8L8Lcf/P;_ sf] OsfO{ $=#) x]gf]{;\ .

nfUg] vr{sf nflu k'Ubf] dfqfdf t/ g]kfnsf] :yfgLo kl/l:ylt ;'xfpFbf] -h:t} :yfgLo cf};t Hofnf b/df ga9\g] u/L_ tyf pTs[i6 cGt/f{li6«o cEof; cg'?k x'g' cfjZos 5 .

� ck]Iff Joj:yfkg ck]Iff Joj:yfkg

k|f/lDes k/fdz{ / r]tgf clej[l4 kl/of]hgfx¿sf] c+zsf ¿kdf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿nfO{ ltgsf ck]Iff Joj:yfkg ug]{ qmddf ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿ / ltgsf k|fyldstfdf c;/ kfg]{ sf/s tTjx¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg' kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu oL sf/s tTjx¿df wfGg ;Sg] Ifdtf, ;'/Iff If]qsf cfjZostf / cy{tGqdf ePsf ljsf; cflb kg{ ;S5g\ . of]] klg nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf n8fs'nfO{ leq\ofpg] ;d'bfo;Dd lj:tf/ x'g' kb{5 .

vf;df, pQd 36gfsf] kl/b[ZonfO{ x]bf{, ;dfof]hgsf] of]hgf agfpFbf /fli6«o ;'/Iff tyf k|lt/Iff cfjZostfsf] ljZn]if0fsf] glthfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg' kb{5 . clg klxrfg ul/Psf sdL sdhf]/L tyf r'gf}ltnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{] pkfosf ¿kdf o;nfO{ k|ltlalDat ug{ / ljBdfg pks/0fx¿nfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] /fli6«o ;'/Iff If]qsf] c+zsf ¿kdf gofF ;'/Iff pks/0f :yfkgf ug{sf nflu ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 .

o;n] cGttf]uTjf a9L sfo{tTk/, k|efjsf/L / bIf ;'/Iff If]qsf] ljsf;tkm{ pGd'v u/fpg ;S5 / jt{dfg /fhgLlts ult/f]weGbf k/sf] cfGbf]ngsf nflu pTk|]/s aGb} g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts tyf ;fdflhs ;b\efjsf] hu v8f ub{5 . o:tf] ;dLIffeGbf klxNo} ;dfof]hg ePsf v08df o;n] ;'/Iffsf ljifox¿n] eGbf a9L /fhgLltn] xfFs]sf] clglZrt kl/l:yltleq ;dfof]hg ;DkGg x'g]5 . o;n] eljiodf sl7gfO{lt/ ws]Ng]5 . ljBdfg ;+/rgfd} lgdf{0f ePsf] /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ tyf /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] ;lrjfnon] o; ;dLIff k|lqmofsf] ;+of]hg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lng' kb{5 lsgeg] logLx¿sf] :yfkgf cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @+))@ -/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\_ / @))& -/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] ;lrjfno_ af6 ePsf] xf] / ltgLx¿ /fli6«o ;'/Iff /0fgLlt tof/ ug{ lhDd]jf/ x'G5g\\ .

h] xf];\, zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpgsf nflu ;dfof]hg k|lqmof k|fylds ;/f]sf/sf] ljifoj:t' ePsfn] olb /fli6«o ;'/Iff /0fgLlt kv{g'sf] dtna ;dfof]hg k|lqmofnfO{ cem} s]xL jif{ l9nf] u/fpg' xf] eg] -oBlk ;dfof]hgsf] ljifo /fli6«o ;'/Iff /0fgLlt tof/ ug{df l9nfO{ u/fpg] Ps dfq sf/s tTj xf]Og, g]kfnn] xfn ;fdgf ul//x]sf ;DalGwt ;'/Iff vt/fx¿nfO{ kof{Kt dfqfdf Wofg glbg] h:tf cGo sltko gsf/fTds kIfx¿ ljBdfg 5g\_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff /0fgLltdflysf] ;DdltnfO{ klv{/fVg' x'Gg . sDtLdf klg, ;dfof]hgdf ;'/Iff tyf k|lt/Iff cfjZostfsf] ljZn]if0fnfO{ ;dflxt ul/g' kb{5 / kQf nufOPsf sdL sdhf]/L 5f]6f] cjlwdf ;Daf]wg ug{ ;lsG5 eg] ;Daf]wg ug{ vf]Hg' kb{5 t/ o;nfO{ nfdf] ;dodf dfq xn ug{ ;lsg] cj:yfdf klv{g' x'Gg . ;'/Iff tyf k|lt/Iff cfjZostfsf] d"Nofª\sg ;dfof]hg z'¿ ePkl5 ug]{ xf] eg] o;n] cem} klg ;dfof]hg k|lqmofnfO{ ;';"lrt ug{ ;S5 . ;'/Iff tyf k|lt/Iff cfjZostfsf] d"Nofª\sgdf k|To]s ;'/Iff lgsfodf ljBdfg sd{rf/L ;+Vofsf] ljZn]if0f / sd{rf/L ;+Vofdf cfjZos kg]{ kl/jt{g -5'§f5'§} ;'/Iff lgsfosf tx, / n}lËs_, efjL lgo'lQmsf nflu >]0fL tf]Sg] dfkb08, k"jf{wf/ut, ;fdfu|Lut ;xof]u, pks/0f / tflnd cfjZostf tyf hu]8f, ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf / r]g ckm sdf08, d'n'sdf xft xltof/sf] df}HbftL, gofF ;'/Iff lgsfosf] :yfkgf / ljBdfg tyf ;Defljt efjL ;'/Iff r'gf}lt nufot cfGtl/s tyf jfXo vt/f cflb ljifo ;d]t ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 .

� ;dfof]hgsf k|fljlws ljifox¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfx¿sf] e"ldsf;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4 ;dfof]hgsf k|fljlws ljifox¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfx¿sf] e"ldsf;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ ug]{

;dfof]hgaf/] hgr]tgf a9fpg / c;dembf/Lsf sf/0f pTkGg x'g hfg] tgfjx¿nfO{ kG5fpg ;dfof]hg k|lqmof z'? ug'{ cl3 cyjf sfof{Gjog cjlwdf :yfgLo / /fli6«o :t/df hg r]tgf cleofgx¿ ;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf ;fy;fy} ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df n}lËs ;dfgtfsf nflu hg;fwf/0fsf dfux¿nfO{ alnof] agfpg ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfx¿sf] ;dfg e"ldsf ;DaGwL ljifodf hgr]tgf clej[l4sf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 . cGttM ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] Ps c+zsf ¿kdf o;n] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿dfly n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn gLltx¿ agfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpgsf nflu bafa lbg ;S5 .

#=@ ;dfof]hg M

#=@=! ;ª\s|d0f tyf of]hgf ;ª\s|d0f tyf of]hgf th'{df tof/Lsf] r/0f M th'{df tof/Lsf] r/0f M

46 ;femf ynf] <

b'j} ljifodf hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ lqmofsnfkx¿df nlIft /]l8of] sfo{qmdx¿, ;dfrf/kqx¿df n]v /rgf, hfgsf/Ld"ns krf{ k'l:tsf, ;8s gf6s, ;fj{hlgs ;+uf]i7L / To:t} cGo sfo{qmd ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 . ;fj{hlgs ;+uf]i7L vf;u/L d'Vo d'Vo ;x/x¿df / glhssf Aof/]sx¿df 7"nf] ;+Vofdf ;}Go 6's8Lx¿ /x]sf If]qdf z'? ug'{kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu k|To]s sfddf k'?if / dlxnf b'a} / ;a} pd]/sf tyf hft hfltsf dflg;x¿nfO{ jlxis/0fdf k/]sf ;d"xx¿nfO{ nlIft u/L dlxnf k'?if / cGo ;a}sf] ;+nUgtf / ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt x'g ;Sg] ;do tyf :yfgdf ug'{kb{5 . To:tf sfo{qmd 7"nf d~rsf ¿kdf hf];'s} klg ;xefuL x'g ;Sg] aflx/L v'nf :yfgdf cfof]hgf ug'{ kb{5 . /]l8of] sfo{qmd b]zJofkL ¿kdf / lhNnf :t/df -;a} lhNnfdf_ g]kfnL efiff af]Ng g;Sg] dflg;x¿sf nflu :yfgLo efiffdf k|;f/0f ug'{kb{5 . o:tf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;dfof]hg cfof]usf] ;+of]hgdf :yfgLo clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfox¿ tyf gful/s ;dfh nufot u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, ;fd'bflos ÷dlxnf ;d"x, ;+rf/ ;+:yfx¿ / kqsf/x¿;Fu ldn]/ sfof{Gjog ug'{ kb{5 clg sfof{Gjog r/0fdf klg lg/Gt/ hf/L /fVg' kb{5 .

;dfof]hgsf nflu hg r]tgf clej[l4 sfo{qmdn] ;dfof]hg k|lqmofdf d'Vo ¿kdf pTs[i6 cGt/f{li6«o cEof;sf cfwf/df Wofg lbg' kg]{ ljifox¿ tyf ;Defljt r'gf}ltx¿ nufot ;dfof]hgsf k|fljlw kIfx¿df s]lGb|t /xL g]kfnsf nflu ;j{;Ddt ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf ljleGg cª\u–k|Toª\ux¿sf] emns lbg' kb{5 . ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfx¿sf] e"ldsf;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4 lqmofsnfkn] ;'/Iff lgsfodf n}lËs ;dfgtf / ;+j]bgzLntfsf] dxTj / vf;u/L of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf dfldnfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;Gbe{df :yfgLo ;'/Iff Joj:yfnfO{ s;/L alnof] agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] af/] ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . clg o;n] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj g+ !#@%, !*@), !*** / !**( sf] ;fGble{stf tyf To;k|ltsf] pQ/bfloTj af/] hfgsf/L lbg' kb{5 .

� jt{dfg n8fs' tyf /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L;Fu k/fdz{ ug]{ jt{dfg n8fs' tyf /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L;Fu k/fdz{ ug]{

;dfof]hg k|lqmof / gLlt;daGwL ljlzi6 tyf lj:t[t ljj/0fsf ljifodf -;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofx¿ l56f] l56f] sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ / ltgLx¿;Fu ufFl;Psf a'Fbfx¿df ;Demf}tf ug]{ k|of; ug}{ kg]{ eP tfklg_ xtf/df lg0f{o ug'{ x'Gg . ;ª\qmd0f sfndf, ;dfof]hgsf k|fljlws kIfx¿ dflysf ;xdltn]] pgLx¿sf lghL cfjZostf k|ltlalDat ub{5g\ eGg] s'/f a'emfpg ;dfof]lht x'g ;Sg] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu k/fdz{ ug'{ kb{5 . ljz]if u/L dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf k'?if / dlxnf n8fs'x¿ /÷jf o; k|lqmofdf plQs} k/fdz{ ug'{ kg]{ /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lsf km/s km/s cfjZostfsf ;Gbe{df o:tf] k/fdz{ a9L dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . ;dfof]hg cfof]ux¿ g} o:tf] k/fdz{sf] ;+of]hg ug{ lhDd]jf/ x'g' kb{5 .

� ;dfof]lht x'g ;Sg] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ / /fHosf] ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dfof]hg ;dfof]lht x'g ;Sg] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ / /fHosf] ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf af/]df leGgfleGg} cled'vLs/0f ug'{ kg]{ k|lqmofsf af/]df leGgfleGg} cled'vLs/0f ug'{ kg]{

;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L tyf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ b'a}sf nflu lbOg] tflndn] b'a} kIfaf6 b]lvg] jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf s]lGb|t /xL g]kfnsf gful/sx¿sf clwsf/ tyf lhDd]jf/L b'a}sf af/]df hf]8 lbg' kb{5 . o;df zflGt k|lqmof;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgf ;dfj]z ul/g' kb{5 / dfgj clwsf/ tyf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf ;DaGwL tflnd lbg' kb{5 . o;n] ;dfof]hg x'Fbf k'?if / dlxnfn] ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{ ;Defljt r'gf}lt / s;/L ;+j]bgzLn 9ª\un], lqmofzLntfk"j{s / clx+;fTds t/Lsfaf6 To:tf r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf ug]{ eGg] af/]df Jofjxfl/s dfu{bz{g lbg ;Sg' k5{ .

o;sf ;fy} ;dfof]hg x'g ;Sg] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf nflu lbOg] tflndn] ;'/Iff If]qsf ljBdfg sfg'g / gLltx¿, e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/L tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf ;+/rgfut 9fFrfaf/] hfgsf/L lbg'kb{5 . ;'/Iff lgsfosf ljleGg txsf sd{rf/L -dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf ;a} n8fs'x¿ hxfF ;dfof]hg ul/g] lgsfo_ / ;dfof]lht x'g] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf ;a} n8fs'x¿ nufotsf x/]s ;xefuL tof/Lsf] ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fdf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿sf nflu leGgf leGg} cfof]hgf ul/g] sfo{zfnfdf ;xefuL u/fpg' kb{5 . o:tf lqmofsnfk pko'Qm lsl;dn] of]hgfa4 agfOg'sf ;fy} ;xefuL ;+Vof / sfo{zfnfx¿sf] cjlw ;dfof]hg cfof]un] lgwf{/0f ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . o:tf lqmofsnfk cfof]un] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 t/ o:tf lqmofsnfk ug{ s'g} aflx/L ;+:yfnfO{ lhDdf lbg] xf] eg] k|fljlws lj1x¿, gful/s ;dfh–;+:yfx¿ nufotsf t6:y e"ldsfsf/x¿sf] vf]hL ug'{ kb{5 / ;a} kIfsf] ;xdlt cg'?k To:tf ;+:yfx¿sf] pkof]u / ;+j]bgzLntf k|Tofe"t u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 .

;]km/jN8{ 47

!() cgldg k|df0fLs/0f tYofª\s -@))& df lnOPsf]_ sf] glthfaf/] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf cfGtl/s b:tfj]h tyf o'PgcfOcf/kLsf sd{rf/Låf/f lbOPsf] df}lvs hfgsf/L cg';f/

� e}k/L cfpg] kl/l:yltsf nflu of]hgf tof/ ug]{ e}k/L cfpg] kl/l:yltsf nflu of]hgf tof/ ug]{

;dfof]hg k|lqmof sfof{Gjogsf qmddf pTkGg x'g ;Sg] gofF kl/l:ylt jf r'gf}ltx¿;DaGwL qf;nfO{ sd ug{ ;a} k|sf/sf ;Defljt kl/b[Zodf e}k/L cfpg] kl/l:yltut of]hgf tof/ ul//fVg' kb{5 -h;df anldRofO{ ug]{x¿sf] klxrfg ug]{, ;Defljt efjL kl/b[Zosf] ;fdflhs cfly{s tyf /fhgLlts ljsf;sf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ / kl/of]hgfx¿sf] k|fyldsLs/0fsf nflu km]l/ cufl8 cfpg g;Sg] u/L kof{Kt cfly{s cg'bfg lbg] h:tf ljifo ;dfj]z x'g ;S5g\_ .

o;sf ;fy} k|To]s ;'/Iff lgsfosf] sfo{ ;~rfng Ifdtfdfly ;dfof]hgn] kfg]{ c;/nfO{ klg b[li6ut u/L s'g} klg ;Defljt gsf/fTds c;/x¿sf] Go"gLs/0f ul/Psf] x'g' kb{5 . e}k/L cfpg] kl/l:yltut of]hgf tof/ ug{] sfd ;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 .

� pRr /fhgLlts :t/df ePsf k/fdz{sf] k|ltkmndfly 5nkmn, ;+jfb tyf k|ltlaDagsf nflu ;do pRr /fhgLlts :t/df ePsf k/fdz{sf] k|ltkmndfly 5nkmn, ;+jfb tyf k|ltlaDagsf nflu ;do 5'6\ofpg] 5'6\ofpg] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿, ;d'bfo tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu 5nkmn k/fdz{ u/]kl5 ;ª\qmd0f cjlwsf] cGTodf kof{Kt ;do 5'6\ofpg' kb{5 . kQf nufPsf s'/fx¿ krfpg, ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfox¿, ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ / cGo d'Vo d'Vo lg0f{ostf{x¿;Fu 5nkmn ug{ ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf dfWodaf6 ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf n8fs'x¿, ;d'bfo tyf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf km/s km/s cfjZostf ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5 egL ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu of] ;do cfjZos x'G5 . ;dfof]hg cfof]un] pRr gLltut :t/df o:tf 5nkmnx¿sf] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 .

� ;dfof]hg k|lqmofdf dlxnf, jlxis/0fdf k/]sf hftLo ;d"xx¿ tyf ;LdfGtLs[t hfthfltnfO{ ;dfj]z ;dfof]hg k|lqmofdf dlxnf, jlxis/0fdf k/]sf hftLo ;d"xx¿ tyf ;LdfGtLs[t hfthfltnfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ ug]{ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ u/La k[i7e"ldaf6, If]qLo ;d'bfox¿af6 / Ps k~rdf+z!()!() hlt dlxnf ju{af6 cfPsf lyP . ;dfof]hg k|lqmofdf /fHosf] ;'/Iff If]qsf] k|hftfGqLs/0f, ;dfj]zLs/0f, k|ltlglwTjd"nstf tyf tL ;d'bfosf] ;lxi0f'tfnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg dlxnf, hghftLo / hftLo ;d"xnfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 . cGttM o;n] ;'/Iff lgsfodf o:tf ;d"xx¿sf] ljZjf; / cfTdljZjf; a9fpg ;Qm5 / tL lgsfox¿sf] k|efjsfl/tf / sfo{ tTk/tf ;d]t a9fpg] sfd u5{ . kmn:j?k jt{dfg n8fs'x¿sf OR5f cfsfª\Iff, ;'/Iff If]qsf cfjZostfsf ;fy;fy} cGo ;d"xsf aLr dgdf b'ef{jgf pTkGg x'g ;Sg] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ;dfof]hgsf nflu sf]6f k|0ffnL ckgfpg' kb{5 .

� 3fOt]÷ckfª\u k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;'/Iff If]qsf u}/n8fs' k|s[ltsf 3fOt]÷ckfª\u k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;'/Iff If]qsf u}/n8fs' k|s[ltsf ;]jfdf nufpg k|fyldstf lbg] ;]jfdf nufpg k|fyldstf lbg] /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df y'k|} u}/n8fs' ;]jfsf sfdx¿ 5g\ . b[i6fGtsf nflu k|zf;lgs / ;xof]uL sfo{sf ;fy} u'Ktr/, cfly{s, sd{rf/L k|zf;g, ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw h:tf If]qnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . o:tf :yfgx¿df kbk"lt{ ubf{ 3fOt]÷ckfª\u k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ k|fyldstf / k|foMh;f] e]befjsf] lzsf/ agfOPsf, ;LdfGtLs[t / pTkLl8t dflg;x¿nfO{ cfTdlge{/ x'g ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] qmddf ltgsf nflu ;dfg cj;/ lbg' kg]{ cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 k"/f ug{ k|fyldstf lbg' kb{5 . p7\g ;Sg] tgfj kG5fpg tyf ;b\efjsf] k|j4{g ug{ /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf 3fOt]÷ckfª\u ;b:ox¿ / k"j{ ;b:ox¿nfO{ klg k|fyldstf lbg'k5{ . ;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿nfO{ s;/L 3fOt]÷ckfª\u k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf k"j{ sd{rf/Lsf] k|ltlglwTjnfO{ cy{k"0f{ 9ª\un] a9fpg ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df pkfo kQf nufpg ;xof]u ug'{ kb{5 . To;kl5, ;dfof]hg cfof]un] o;;DaGwL :jLs[t l;4fGt tyf dfkb08 cg'?k cg'udg ug'{ kb{5 .

� /fHosf ;'/Iff sd{rf/L / ;dfof]lht k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf aLr d]nldnfk a9fpg ;dfof]hg /fHosf ;'/Iff sd{rf/L / ;dfof]lht k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf aLr d]nldnfk a9fpg ;dfof]hg cfof]usf] k|fljlws ;xof]u / dfu{ lgb]{zgdf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] cfGtl/s gLlt agfpg] / ;+oGq cfof]usf] k|fljlws ;xof]u / dfu{ lgb]{zgdf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] cfGtl/s gLlt agfpg] / ;+oGq :yfkgf ug]{ :yfkgf ug]{ k|To]s ;'/Iff lgsfodf ljBdfg >]0fLx¿nfO{ åGå ;dfwfgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg Ps cfGtl/s ;b\efj tyf ;+jfb gLlt agfO{ :jLs[t u/fpg' kb{5, pko'Qm gLltx¿sf] lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjogsf] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5, cGt/ lgsfo v]ns'b lnu h:tf kf/:kl/s ljZjf; lgdf{0f ug]{ dgf]/~hgfTds lqmofsnfkx¿sf] cfof]hgf ug'{ kb{5, -k"j{_ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs' / ljBdfg ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/LaLr pTkGg x'g] s'g} klg k|sf/sf tgfjx¿sf] l:yltdf tTk/tfsf ;fy dWo:ytf ug'{ kb{5, / k|To]s 36gflkR5] Ps Ps dfdnfdf k/fdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . dWo:ytf ug]{ sfo{bn -tn x]g'{xf];\_ sf] dfWodaf6 dWo:ytf ug]{ ;DaGwL k|lzIf0f kfPsf / k|To]s ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;+u7gfTds cGt;{DaGw ;'lglZrt ug{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf clws[tx¿;Fu

#=@=@= sfof{Gjog r/0f= sfof{Gjog r/0f

#=@=@=!= ;fdfGo

48 ;femf ynf] <

lgs6 /xL sfd ug]{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L :jfefljs ¿kd} o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu 5gf]6df kg{ ;S5g\ .

uDeL/ kL8fdf k/]sfx¿sf nflu o; OsfO{;Fu ;Da4 t/ :jtGq ljz]if1x¿n] yk k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg' kb{5 . k|To]s ;'/Iff lgsfodf o; ;+oGqdf k/fdz{bftfx¿ / ;+u7gfTds cGt;{DaGw ljsf;sf nflu lhDd]jf/ clws[tx¿ ÷ ;fdflhs sfo{stf{x¿ /x]sf] Ps ;fgf] l6d x'g' kb{5 / o;n] clws[tx¿;Fu lgs6 /xL ltgLx¿sf] åGå ;dfwfg ug]{ Ifdtf a9fpg] sfd ug'{ kb{5 . ;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿nfO{ o; ;DaGwL cfGtl/s gLlt lgdf{0f ug{ / ;+oGq :yfkgf ug{sf nflu k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .

� ;dfof]hgsf nflu 5flgPsf k"j{ dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo zflGt ;]gfdf ;xefuL ;dfof]hgsf nflu 5flgPsf k"j{ dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo zflGt ;]gfdf ;xefuL agfpg] af/] Wofg lbg] agfpg] af/] Wofg lbg]

o;n] ltgsf] cGt/f{li6«o dfgs cg'?ksf] JolQmut Jofj;flos cg'ejnfO{ alnof] agfpg d2t ug]{5 / pgLx¿ kms]{kl5 cGttf]uTjf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] IfdtfnfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] 5 . of] k|lqmof n}lËs tyf åGå ;+j]bgzLn 5 / o;n] ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L tyf zflGt ;]gfaf6 kms]{sfx¿sf aLr pTkGg x'g ;Sg] tgfjsf] vt/fnfO{ emg\ laufg]{ 5}g egL ;'lglZrt ug{ k"j{ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf k'?if / dlxnf n8fs'sf ;fy;fy} ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/LnfO{ klg zflGt ;]gfdf ;xefuL u/fpgsf nflu Wofg lbg' kb{5 . o;sf ;fy}, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj !#@%, !*@), !*** / !**( cg'?k x'g] u/L To:tf ld;gx¿df dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;lqmo ¿kn] nlIft ug]{ / 5fGg] sfd ug'{ kb{5 . ;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;DalGwt ;'/Iff lgsfo / JolQmx¿;Fu 5nkmn u/L o; ljsNknfO{ cl3 a9fpg] /0fgLlt :jLs[t u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L lng' kb{5 / o;sf nflu k|j]z u/fpg] dfkb08 ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] zflGt :yfkgf sfo{qmd -o'Pg8LkLs]cf]_ sf] lgoddf e/ kg]{5 .

� gful/s ;}lgs tyf ;d'bfo / cGo ;'/Iff lgsfosf aLrsf] ;DaGw ;'b[9 agfpg] gful/s ;}lgs tyf ;d'bfo / cGo ;'/Iff lgsfosf aLrsf] ;DaGw ;'b[9 agfpg]

�� :yfgLo :t/df ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf d'Vo d'Vo ;d:ofx¿ klxrfg u/L ltgnfO{ k|fyldstf qmddf /fVg nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf k"j{ -of]Uo, ljbfO{ ul/Psf / :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_ n8fs'x¿sf] k|ltlglwTj nufot ;d'bfosf ;b:o, ;a} hghftLo / hftLo ;d"xx¿ tyf k'?if / dlxnf ;dfg ¿kdf Ps} 7fpFdf Nofpg] ;fd'bflos ;'/Iff ;+jfb ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ug'{ kb{5 . :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfo tyf ;'/Iff lgsfo -vf; u/L g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an nufot ;dfof]lht k"j{ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L_ aLrsf] ;xsfo{df o:tf ;+oGqx¿n] ljBdfg ;DalGwt sfo{qmd;Fu ;DaGw /fv]/ tL ;'/Iff ;d:ofsf] ;+o'Qm ;dfwfg kQf nufO{ ltgsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Qm5g\ . o;df g]kfn k|x/Låf/f ;~rflnt ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k|x/L ;]jf sfo{qmd klg kb{5 . o; k|lqmofnfO{ ;dfof]hg cfof]usf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf / gful/s ;dfh, :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfo / ;d'bfox¿sf] ;xsfo{df g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L an -:yfgLo :t/df k|ToIf ¿kdf ;]jf lbg] lgsfo ePsf sf/0f_ n] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} oL ;+oGqx¿ k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf ;fdflhs pkfª\usf] dfWodaf6 v8f ePsf x'gfn] ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdaf6} lgld{t x'g'kb{5 / To;;Fu} ufFl;Psf] x'g' kb{5 -v08 #=#=*=#_ . o;n] ;d'bfo / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ -vf;u/L ;z:q k|x/L an / g]kfn k|x/L_ sf aLr ;b\efj / ljZjf; a9fpg'sf dfq a9fpg] xf]Og, o;f] ul/Psf v08df a9L sfo{tTk/ / k|efjsf/L ;'/Iff lgsfosf] ljsf;nfO{ ;d]t ;xhLs/0f ub{5 .

�� lhNnfsf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ -vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L an_ sf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lhNnfsf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ -vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L an_ sf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ dWo:ytf tflnddWo:ytf tflnd o:tf] tflndn] ;Defljt tgfj sd ug{ tyf /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ / kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf aLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ alnof] agfpg] sfd ub{5 . åGåsf] kl/0ffd:j?k, s'g} s'g} If]qdf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿ / k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf aLr klxn] Wofgdf g/flvPsf / leqleq} /x]sf tgfjsf] vt/f /xg] x'G5 . tflndn] ljBdfg l:yltnfO{ ;a} sf]0faf6 x]l/Pem}+ s] s:tf] 5 To;sf] kl/b[Zo pknAw u/fpg], dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿ -vf; u/L dlxnf_ sf af/]df /x]sf k"jf{u|x / ;Defljt -unt_ cjwf/0ff tyf xNnf nfO{ lg:t]h kfg]{, / ljZjf; agfpgsf nflu ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4nfO{ ;xh agfpg], Ifdfbfgsf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ a9fjf lbg] tyf ;d'bfodf åGåsf a]nf ltgn] b]vfpg] tTk/tfdf t6:y, ;+jbgzLn Pj+ clx+;fTds ljlw cjnDag ug]{ ljifodf vf;u/L k"j{ -of]Uo, ljbf ul/Psf / :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_ n8fs'x¿sf] ;+nUgtfdf hf]8 lbPsf] x'g' kb{5 . dWo:ytf tflnd sIffx¿ nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf ;'/Iff lgsfosf -vf;u/L ;d'bfodf sfo{/t ;'/Iff lbg] sfddf k|ToIf e"ldsf v]Ng] ;z:q k|x/L an tyf g]kfn k|x/Lsf clws[t txsf_ sd{rf/Lsf nflu ;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf tflndsf ;xefuLx¿n] ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf]

;]km/jN8{ 49

glthf:j?k ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df ljjfbdf dWo:ytf ug{sf nflu lhDd]jf/L lng] …dWo:ytf sfo{bnÚ agfpg] 5g\ . o:tf dWo:ytf ;DaGwL tflnd sIffx¿ ;dfof]hg cfof]usf] ;+of]hgdf / t6:y ;'/Iff lj1x¿, pko'Qm ;Lk ePsf gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfx¿ tyf :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{ u/L ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 . o:tf tflnd k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] c+zsf ¿kdf ;'emfj ul/Psf ;'/Iff lgsfosf nflu lbOg] ;+j]bLs/0f tyf dWo:ytf tflndd} vlK6g] u/L sfof{Gjog r/0fdf lg/Gt/ hf/L /fVg'kb{5 -v08 #=#=*=# / #=#=(=@_ .

gful/s / ;]gfaLrsf] ;DaGwaf/]sf o:tf ultljlw k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] cª\usf ¿kdf k'g:yf{kgsf nflu clwsf+z k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ kms{g ;Sg] 7fpFsf ¿kdf 5gf]6 ul/Psf pxL nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfof{Gjog ul/g' kb{5 .

� egf{ tyf >]0fL lgwf{/0f÷tx ldnfgsf nflu dfkb08df ;xdltegf{ tyf >]0fL lgwf{/0f÷tx ldnfgsf nflu dfkb08df ;xdlt M ;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;dfof]hgdf hfg] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿sf] egf{ tyf >]0fL lgwf{/0f÷tx ldnfgsf nflu dfkb08df ;xdlt u/fpg' kb{5 . of] xfl;n ug{sf nflu ;a} kIfn] ;xdltdf k'Ug] / nlrnf] x'g' h?/L x'G5 . zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg tyf ;dfof]hgsf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ;xdlt clgjfo{ x'G5 . ;dfof]hg cfof]un] /fhgLlts :t/df ;xdlt h'6]kl5 ;'/Iff lgsfo / dfcf]jfbL ;]gf;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L egf{ tyf >]0fL lgwf{/0f÷tx ldnfgsf nflu tf]lsPsf dfkb08x¿sf] sfof{Gjog kIf x]g'{kb{5 .

� ;xdt eO;s]sf] dfkb08 cg'?k kbsf >]0fL jf tx tf]Sg] k|lqmofdf k'?if / dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg kbsf >]0fL jf tx tf]Sg] k|lqmofdf k'?if / dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ug'{ kb{5 Jojxf/ ug'{ kb{5 . ;a} ;'/Iff lgsfoe/ ;a} If]q / ;a} >]0fL tyf txdf dlxnfx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g' clt g} cfjZos x'g hfG5 . csf]{ zAbdf eGg] xf] eg] ltgsf] k|ltlglwTj cy{k"0f{ /xg' kb{5 M k/Dk/fut ¿kdf k'?ifsf] e"ldsf egL b]lvPsf, n8fs'sf] e"ldsfdf ;d]t -dlxnfx¿sf] b[li6sf]0fdf cfwfl/t_, dlxnfx¿nfO{ pRr >]0fL tyf Joj:yfkgsf kbx¿df lgo'Qm ug'{ kb{5 . ;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;'/Iff lgsfo;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L dlxnfx¿sf] lgo'lQmsf ;DaGwdf pko'Qm lsl;dn] sfd ePsf] k|Tofe"t ug'{kb{5 .

� ;'/Iff tyf k|lt/Iff cfjZostfx¿sf] ljZn]if0fsf] glthfsf ¿kdf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] clwstd ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] clwstd ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf lgwf{/0f ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ . jt{dfg n8fs'x¿sf OR5f, cfsfª\Iff / IfdtfnfO{ s'g} k'g;{+/rgf jf ;'wf/ of]hgf tof/ ubf{ g} Wofg lbg' kb{5 t/ k|fylds ¿kdf g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff cfjZostf / pknAw ;|f]tdf eg] Wofg hfg' kb{5 .

� ;dfof]hgsf nflu 5flgPsf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ tyf /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ cled'vLs/0f / tflnd r/0f ;dfKt ePkl5 g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfn k|x/L jf :yfkgf x'g ;Sg] -/fhgLlts ;xdltdf e/ kg]{_ cGo s'g} gofF ;'/Iff lgsfosf /]lhd]06, o'lg6, Knf6'g, / la|u]8 h:tf ;'/Iff ;+/rgfleq ldl;Psf];'/Iff ;+/rgfleq ldl;Psf] x'g'kb{5 -tn x]g'{xf];\_ . o;n] ;b\efj tyf ;+u7gfTds ;fxro{ pTkGg ug]{ x'gfn] o;f] ug'{ clt dxTjk"0f{ x'g hfG5 . ;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ tyf dfcf]jfbL -k"j{_ ;]gf;Fusf] ;xdltdf tyf pgLx¿;Fus} ;xsfo{df o;sf] sfof{Gjog tyf cg'dgsf] /]vb]v ug'{kb{5 .

� /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df ;]jf u/]sf v08df To;n] /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o aGg /f]S5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ dfGotf lbg ;'/Iff If]qsf] t6:ytfnfO{ ;'/Iff If]qsf] t6:ytfnfO{ k|j4{g ug'{ kb{5 .

� ;'/Iff If]qsf] k'g;{+rgf jf ;'wf/sf xsdf / ænf]stfGqLs/0f tflndÆ eGg] ul/Psf] ;Gbe{df kf/blz{tf tyf pQ/bfloTjaf/] cfZj:t t'Nofpg ;'/Iff If]qnfO{ /fhgLlts x:tIf]kaf6 d'Qm /fVg] ;fwgsf ¿kdf ;'/Iff lgsfodfly nf]stflGqs lgu/fgL;'/Iff lgsfodfly nf]stflGqs lgu/fgLnfO{ k|a4{g ug'{ kb{5 . o;df cGo cª\usf ;fy} /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb tyf /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ ;lrjfno h:tf nf]stflGqs lgu/fgLsf nflu xfn ljBdfg ;+oGqx¿nfO{ alnof] agfpg' kb{5 .

� dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ tyf /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿ b'a}nfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfo ljz]ifnfO{ lbOPsf] sfof{b]z cg'?k ;+o'Qm tflnd sfo{qmd;+o'Qm tflnd sfo{qmd lbg' kb{5 . 5'§f5'§} cled'vLs/0f tyf ;+j]bLs/0f tflnd lbPkl5 ;a} gofF egf{ ePsf -;dfof]hg ul/Psf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ ;d]t_ n] IfdtfnfO{ s]lGb|s[t ul/ Ps} 7fpFdf Nofpgsf lglDt dfcf]jfbL ;]gf / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ b'j}df klxrfg ul/Psf sdL sdhf]/Lsf If]qdf ;+o'Qm 6\oflS6sn tyf P8\efG:8 tflnd lng' kb{5 . ;+o'Qm tflnd sfo{qmx¿n] d]nldnfksf] efjgfnfO{ a9fpg d2t ug'{sf ;fy} ;'/Iff

#=@=@=@ ;+/rgf ;+/rgf

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lgsfox¿ leq ljzjf;sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ sfd ug'{k5{ kmn:j?k;fdflhs /;fognfO{ a9LeGbf a9L dha't tyf ;]jfnfO{ a9L k|efjsf/L agfpg] sfd ug{ ;S5 . Jofj;flos ;Lk tyf Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug]{ ;Gbe{df ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] tflnd cfjZostfx¿ lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfdnfO{ lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s lg/Gt/tf lbg'k5{ . w]/} åGåf]Q/ kl/l:yltdf b'j} kIfk|lt ;+j]bgzLn x'Fb} ;b\efj a9fpgsf nflu sDtLdf klg k|f/lDes cj:yfdf t6:y ;'/Iff lj1x¿ o:tf ;+o'Qm tflnd sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ug{ lhDd]jf/ x'G5g\ . o; pbfx/0fnfO{ g]kfndf lbOg] ;+o'Qm tflndx¿sf] ;Gbe{df klg Wofg lbOg'kb{5 .

� ;]t' tflnd;]t' tflnd!(!!(! ;+j]bLs/0f tyf cled'vLs/0f tflnd, pkNnf] tflnd / klxn]sf tflndx¿n] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df ;dfof]hg ul/Psf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf of]Uotf / ;Lkdf /xg k'u]sf sdL k"/f ug{sf nflu ;]t' tflnd lbg' kb{5 . o;df zf/Ll/s ;'u7g, xltof/ Joj:yfkg tyf cf}krfl/s lzIff kg{ ;Qm5g\ . ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] ;dfof]hg cfof]u;Fu k/fdz{ u/L o:tf tflndsf] k|s[lt tyf cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]tx¿sf] lgwf{/0f ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf tflnd t6:y ;'/Iff lj1x¿n] åGå ;+j]bgzLn / ;b\efj a9fpg] vfnsf 5g\ egL ;'lglZrt ug]{ lsl;dn] lbg' kb{5 .

� nf]stfGqLs/0f tflndnf]stfGqLs/0f tflndaf6 ;xefuLx¿n] cfw'lgs ;}Go tyf nf]stflGqs/0fsf cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08x¿sf af/]df /fd|/L a'em\b5g\ . ljz]if u/L o;n] dfgj clwsf/, n}lËs ;dfgtf, åGå ;+j]bgzLntf / ;dfj]zLs/0fsf ;fy} ;}Go ;+/rgfx¿nfO{ nf]stflGqs ljlwåf/f lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] dftxtdf Nofpg' kg]{ cfjZostfsf af/]df /fd|/L k|sfz kf/]sf] x'g' kb{5 . ufEg] k|f/lDes k|lqmofkl5 ;'/Iff lgsfosf ;a} :t/sf ;a} ;b:ox¿n] o:tf] tflnd kfpg' kb{5 . of] tflnd ;dfof]hg cfof]un] tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 . o;df cfjZos k/]sf v08df jfXo /fli6«o lj1, cGt/f{li6«o jQmf÷k|lzIfs / yk ;xof]u klg lng ;lsG5 .

o; cg';Gwfgn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gf / /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfo -vf; u/L g]kfnL ;]gf_ sf aLr pNn]vgLo dfqfdf n}lËs leGgtf /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . ljBdfg ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf t'ngfdf dlxnfx¿ w]/} a9L cg'kftdf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf /x]sf 5g\ . ;d'bfo / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿åf/f ;'/Iff lgsfox¿nfO{ egf{ tyf ;]jf cjlwe/ b'a} ;dodf dlxnfx¿dfly e]befj ul/Psf] eg]/ ;d]t cfnf]rgf ul/Psf] 5 . o;f] eP tfklg s]xL ;'/Iff lgsfo -vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/L_ n] dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf a9fpg k|f]T;flxt ug]{ / ltgsf nflu ;]jfdf ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ sbd rfNg z'? u/]sf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu g]kfn k|x/Ldf k'?if / dlxnfsf nflu k|j]zsf dfkb08 -dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{_, g'xfOw'jfO{ / ;'tfO{sf nflu leGg} ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] / dlxnfsf nflu b'O{ dxLgfsf] ;'Ts]/L ljbf lbg] h:tf k|fjwfgnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . h] xf];\, ;du|df, ;a} ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] n}lËs ;Dj]bgzLntfnfO{ kof{Kt dfqfdf ;'b[9 t'Nofpg' kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . gofF ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df klg n}lËs ;Dj]bgzLntfnfO{ k|Tofe"t ug'{ kb{5 . o;n] cGttM n}lËs ;Dj]bgzLn ;dfof]hg ug{nfO{ g} d2t k'Ug hfG5 . of] xfl;n ug{ lgDgfg';f/sf sfd ug'{ kb{5 M

� ;dfof]hgsf nflu ckgfOg] k|efjsf/L n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn pkfo /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf pRr:t/Lo sd{rf/Lx¿ b'a}sf] k|lta4tfdf e/ kb{5 .

� k|To]s ;'/Iff lgsfodf n}lËs gLlt agfP/ nfu' ug'{ kb{5 .

o;df lgDgfg';f/ kIf ;dfj]z x'G5g\ M

�� tflnd, >]0fL tf]Sg] tyf a9'jfdf ;dfg cj;/ lbg] . cem o:tf lg0f{o ug{ tyf cGo sd{rf/L ;DaGwL ljifo kf/bzL{ x'g'k5{ / ;d:ofsf] ;'g'jfO{sf nflu k|efjsf/L ;+oGq tof/L cj:yfdf /x]sf] x'g'k5{ . vf;df ;a} ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf ;a} >]0fLx¿df k|j]z ug]{ sf]6fsf] Ps ltxfO{ kbx¿ dlxnfx¿sf nflu 5'6\ofpg' kb{5 .

�� cf}ifwf]krf/ / ljbfsf] Joj:yf, kof{Kt dfqfdf ;'Ts]/L tyf afa'sf] ljbf tyf ue{jtL x'Fbf / ;'Ts]/L ePkl5 ;]jfsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] Uof/]06L h:tf k|hgg :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ :jLs[t ljlw tyf k|lqmof nfu' ug'{ kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu, g]kfnL ;]gfn]] ljjflxt dlxnfnfO{ ;]jfdf glng] gLltnfO{ kl/Tofu ug'{ kb{5 .

�� k|To]s ;'/Iff lgsfosf nflu n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf e]befj/lxttfsf] l;4fGt cg'?k ug'{ kg]{ cfr/0fsf nflu Ps cfrf/ ;+lxtf agfpg' k5{ .

�� k|To]s ;'/Iff lgsfosf nflu e]befj, hf]/h'n'd / hah{:tL tyf dlxnf -tyf cGo_ dfly x'g] lx+;f lj?4 sdf08 ug]{ cg'zf;gsf ;+lxtf agfpg]

#=@=@=$ n}lËs n}lËs ;Dj]bgzLntf;Dj]bgzLntf

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;]km/jN8{ 51

�� o:tf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf;Da4 kIfx¿ cg'?ksf ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug]{�� k|To]s ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf n}lËs ;dtf ;Da4 JolQm -kmf]sn KjfO06_

tf]Sg' kb{5 / To; OsfOn] n}lËs ;dtf / ;+j]bgzLntf k|j4{g;DaGwL sfo{ of]hgfsf] ;dGjo / sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lhDd]jf/ x'g' kb{5 .

�� ;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿nfO{ n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn gLlt agfpg tyf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xof]u ug{'kb{5

� ;'/Iff lgsfox¿nfO{ ltgsf n}lËs ;dfgtf, k'?if tyf dlxnfsf leGg cfjZostf ;Daf]wg ug]{ tyf ltgnfO{ ;+:yfut / sfo{qmdut :t/df d"n k|jfxdf NofOPsf] 5 egL k|Tofe"t ug{sf nflu ljBdfg Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ . o;n] ;d'bfo;Fu ;'/Iff lgsfosf] ;DaGwnfO{ /fd|f] agfpg ;S5 . jf:tjdf o; tflndn] lgDgfg';f/sf kIfdf Wofg lbg'' h?/L 5 M

�� cflbjf;L, hghflt tyf dlxnf clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ dfkb08x¿sf af/]df lzIff lbg] sfdnfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] . ;a} ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf clws[t txsf sd{rf/LnfO{ dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL tflnd lbg] ul/Ps} 5 tyflk o; tflndnfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{ ;a} >]0fL / txsf sd{rf/LnfO{ lbOg'kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} lgoldt ?kdf kmnf]—ck tflnd lbOg' kb{5 / o; tflnddf cfh{g u/]sf] 1fgnfO{ ;a} gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf dfgj clwsf/sf] d"n k|jfxLs/0fsf] dfWodaf6 Jojxf/df ptfg]{ k|of; ul/g' kb{5 .

�� of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f tyf JolQm, kl/jf/ / ;d'bfodfly o;n] kfg]{ c;/af/] r]tgf hufpg] . ;}lgs tyf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfx¿n] lgjf{x ug]{ n8fs' tyf u}/ n8fs' e"ldsf;DaGwL ;+j]bgzLn t'Nofpg] tyf k|efjsf/L ;'/Iff Joj:yfdf, vf;u/L dlxnfsf ;'/Iff -of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf dfdnfdf dfq ;Lldt g/fvL_ cfjZostfsf] ;+j]bgzLn lsl;dn] ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ ljifodf dlxnfx¿sf] dxTjaf/] /fd|f];Fu cfTd;ft\ u/fpg' kb{5 .

�� zflGt ;'Joj:yf sfod ug{] / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ljsf; tyf ;'/Iff h:tf kIfx¿df cfw'lgs ;}lgs tyf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] e"ldsf

�� ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf k|:tfj !#@%, !*@), !*** / !**( k|lt g]kfn ;/sf/sf] pQ/bfloTj

o; tflndn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf Ph]G;Lx¿sf] ;xof]udf xfn g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an / g]kfnL ;]gfdf lbg] ul/Psf n}ª\lus ;Dj]bgzLntf ;DaGwL tflndx¿sf] k"/ssf ¿kdf -pxL g} gbf]xf]¥ofO{_ sfd ug'{ kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;+:yfJofkL n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf -gLltut, sfo{qmdut tyf sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut :t/df_ / of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf] ;'g'jfO{ eGbf klg dfly dlxnfx¿sf] Jofks e"ldsf;DaGwL tflnd lbg], xfnsf ultljlwnfO{ nlIft gu/L zflGt ;]gf afx]s g]kfnL ;]gfsf sd{rf/L nufotsf lhNnf :t/df ;a} txsf ljefux¿sf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ s]lGb|t u/L tflnd lbg' kb{5 .

;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿;Fu ldn]/ o:tf] tflnd lbg] sfo{sf] ;+of]hg ug'{kb{5 . ljz]if u/L, n}lËstf tyf ;'/Iff;DaGwL t6:y /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o lj1x¿n] o:tf] tflnd lbg' kb{5 t/;DalGwt ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ / -k"j{_ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;xdlt tyf ;xsfo{df tflndsf] kf7\oqmd tof/ ul/Psf] x'g' kb{5 .

;dfof]hgsf] k|lqmofel/ g} g]kfnsf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df ev{/} k|j]z u/]sf ;a} sd{rf/LnfO{ lbOg] cfwf/e"t tflnddf n}++lustf / åGå ;+j]bgzLntf tyf dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ltg} ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 . o;n] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] lg/Gt/ nf]stfGqLs/0f ug]{ 5 / bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf cfw'lgs ;'/Iff ;]jfbftfsf ¿kdf sfd ug{] ltgsf] IfdtfnfO{ a9fpg] 5 -v08 #=@=@=$_ .

� dlxnfx¿sf] hf]lvd sd ug{ k"jf{wf/ut / ;fdu|Lut Joj:yfdlxnfx¿sf] hf]lvd sd ug{ k"jf{wf/ut / ;fdu|Lut Joj:yf ug]{ / ltgsf] sfd ug]{ ;du| jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ ug]{ . ;/sf/n] oL p2]Zosf nflu ls6]/} /sd 5'6\ofpg' kb{5 . o;df lgDgfg';f/sf kIf ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 M

�� k'?if / dlxnfsf nflu leGgfleGg} ;'Tg] cfjf; �� k'?if / dlxnfsf nflu leGgfleGg} g'xfO{w'jfO{ tyf zf}rfno ;'ljwf �� of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf 36gf x'g glbg Aof/]sdf kof{Kt k|sfz Joj:yf

;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿nfO{ o:tf ;'ljwf / Joj:yfsf] :yfkgf tyf ;'b[9 ug{] sfddf k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .

52 ;femf ynf] <

� k|To]s ;'/Iff lgsfodf of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] ;'g'jfOsf k|To]s ;'/Iff lgsfodf of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] ;'g'jfOsf nflu ;+oGq -cyjf n}lËstf;DaGwL OsfO{_ :yfkgf ug]{nflu ;+oGq -cyjf n}lËstf;DaGwL OsfO{_ :yfkgf ug]{ . oL cfGtl/s OsfOx¿ ;z:q k|x/L ansf k|To]s /]lhd]06 / g]kfn k|x/Lsf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf :yfkgf ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf OsfOx¿n] kLl8tsf] kl/rosf] uf]Kotf sfod u/L of}ghGo, zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s x]kfO{, anfTsf/ tyf cGo k|sf/sf b'/frf/sf d'2f x]g'{ kb{5 . oL OsfO{el/ g} cf}ifwf]krf/ ;]jf, uDeL/ kL8fsf dfldnfdf k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf sfg'gL ;]jf h:tf ph'/Lsf ljlw pknAw u/fOg' kb{5 . o:tf OsfO{x¿ g]kfn k|x/Ldf -dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|_ xfn} g]kfnL ;]gfdf klg :yfkgf ul/Psf 5g\ / o:tf ;+oGqsf] Ifdtf a9fpg, ef}uf]lns If]q lj:tf/ ug{ / OsfO{x¿sf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ug{ k|fyldstf lbg' kb{5 . ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] ;dfof]hg ;ldltsf] dfu{ bz{g Pj+ k|fljlws ;xof]u lnO{ o:tf OsfOx¿sf] :yfkgf ug'{ kb{5 .

� cfl>tx¿nfO{ ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] , ;fy} o;df– cfl>tx¿nfO{ ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] , ;fy} o;df–

�� Aof/]sdf /flvPsf kl/jf/ ;lxtsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf nflu kl/jf/ OsfO{ cfjf; u[xsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

�� Aof/]sdf ePsf afnaflnsfsf nflu /fHosf ljBfno glhssf 7fpFdf gePsf] cj:yfdf lzIff ;]jfsf] Joj:yf jf af]l8{+u :s"ndf k7fpg cfjZos /sdsf] Joj:yf ug]{ h:t} ;fFufsf] bLk]Gb| k|x/L ljBfno, aL/]Gb| ;}lgs ljBfno / 1fg]Gb| ;z:q k|x/L an ljBfno . ;/sf/n] o;sf nflu a9L /sdsf] Joj:yf ug]{ jf bft[ ;+:yfx¿sf] ;xof]u vf]Hg] .

�� sfdsf] ;dodf ;;fgf afnaflnsfnfO{ -ljBfno hfg ;Sg] pd]/ geO;s]sfx¿sf nflu_ Aof/]sdf -jf Aof/]sdf geP ;d'bfodf_ lbjf :ofxf/ s]Gb|x¿sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

;/sf/n]] o; k|of]hgsf nflu a9L /sdsf] Joj:yf ug]{ jf bft[ ;+:yfx¿sf] ;xof]u vf]Hg] sfd ug'{ kb{5 / o:tf Joj:yf :yfkgf tyf ;'b[9 ug{sf nflu ;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿nfO{ k|fljlws ;xfotf pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . åGå ;+j]bgzLntfsf nflu tgfjx¿ kG5fpFb} hfg] / t6:ytfnfO{ a9fpFb} hfg] ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf ;]jf /fHosf ;a} ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ -;dfof]lht eO;s]sf_ sf nflu lgwf{l/t dfkb08 -h:t} Psn dftf lktf ePsf, afnaflnsfsf] :ofxf/ ;';f/df kfl/jfl/s ;xof]u gkfpg]x¿, ljjflxt sd{rf/L / o:t} cGo_ k"/f x'g] u/L ;dfg lsl;dn] pknAw x'g' kb{5 .

� ;dfof]hgsf nflu n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{ pTs[i6 cGt/f{li6«o cEof;x¿af6 ;dfof]hgsf nflu n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{ pTs[i6 cGt/f{li6«o cEof;x¿af6 kf7 l;Sg]kf7 l;Sg] . s]xL jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ / gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] ;dfof]hg k|:tfjdf s;/L n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn ljlwsf] ;kmn d"n k|jfxLs/0f x'g ;Qm5 eGg] hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{ pTs[i6 cGt/f{li6«o cEof;sf] l;+xfjnf]sg ug]{ / dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;}lgs÷;'/Iff ;+/rgfdf ;dfj]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . w]/}n] g]kfndf xfn o; ljifosf] 1fg kof{Kt gePsf] dx;'; u/]sf] x'gfn] klg pTs[i6 cGt/f{li6«o cEof;sf] l;+xfjnf]sg ug]{ ;'emfj cfPsf] lyof] . vf; u/L blIf0f clk|msf / pQ/L cfo/Nof08 h:tf b]z p:t} ;dfof]hg k|lqmofaf6 u'h|]sfn] / n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn ljlwnfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s ckgfPsf x'gfn] ToxfFsf pTs[i6 cEof;nfO{ Wofg lbg ;lsG5 . o;sf ;fy} o:tf] ;dfof]hg k|lqmofaf6 gu'h|]sf t/ n}lËs ;dfgtf / n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf a9fpg] ;'/Iff ;+/rgf ljBdfg /x]sf d'n'sx¿af6 klg l;Sg ;lsG5 . o; cltl/Qm, hf]lvd sd ug]{ / k'?if / dlxnf b'a}sf ljlzi6 cfjZostfx¿nfO{ :yfg lbg] Joj:yf ul/;s]sf o:tf b]zx¿af6 klg kf7 l;Sg ;lsG5 .

;dfof]hg cfof]un] ;fGble{s cg'ejx¿ cfbfg —k|bfg ug{sf nflu pTs[i6 cGt/f{li6«o cEof; lvRg / g]kfndf cGt/f{li6«o lj1x¿ lemsfpg] k|lqmofnfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug'{k5{ clg To:tf pTs[i6 cGt/f{li6«o cEof;nfO{ lvr]/ g]kfnsf ;Gbe{df pko'Qm x'g] lsl;dn] Jojxf/df ptfg{sf nflu ;'/Iff lgsfox¿nfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u tyf dfu{bz{g ug'{ kb{5 .

;]km/jN8{ 53

!(@ ;fd'bflos ;'/Iff;DaGwL kQf nfu]sf ljifox¿nfO{ Wofg lbg] ljifodf ul/Psf l;kmfl/zx¿ -v08 @=@=%=%_ cfly{s k'g:yf{kg - v08 #=#=*=@ / #=#=(=!_ ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg - v08 #=#=*=# / #=#=(=@_ _, dgf];fdflhs ÷:jf:Yo ;]jf -v08 #=#=*=$ / #=#=(=#_ nufot k'g:yf{kg;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} ;fGble{s kIfx¿df kQf nufOPsf ljifox¿df ul/Psf l;kmfl/zdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ -v08 #=#_ .

k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf af/]df ul/Psf l;kmfl/zx¿ -;d'bfo / :yfgLo :t/df nfu' x'g]_ sf] sfof{Gjogn] w]/}h;f] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ kms{g ;Sg] vf; ef}uf]lns If]qdf -cg';Gwfgsf ;dodf n8fs'x¿n] JoQm u/]sf ljrf/sf cfwf/df_ hf]8 lbg' kb{5 . o;df kg]{ If]q o;k|sf/ 5g\M

� t/fO{ / kxf8L If]qsf ;a} 7"nf ;x/L If]q -h:t} sf7df8f}+, g]kfnu~h, lj/f6gu/, jL/u~h, ljtf{df]8 cflb_

� Sof06f]gd]06 /x]sf / n8fs'x¿n] SofG6f]gd]06df k|j]z u/]b]lv g} :yfgLo ;d'bfodf ;DaGw tyf ldqtf :yfkgf u/L To;} :yfgdf a:g] rfxgf u/]sf If]q -vf;u/L dWodf~rn, dWo klZrdf~rn tyf ;'b"/ klZrdf~rnsf t/fO{_

� clwsf+z dfcf]jfbL hGd]sf / vf;u/L Totf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ pknAw ePsf v08df eljiodf klg Tot}lt/ kms{g ;Sg] If]q -h:t} dWo klZrdf~rn tyf ;'b"/ klZrdf~rnsf /f]Nkf, sflnsf]6, d'u', ?s'd / afh'/f_,

o;f] eP tfklg oL nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qx¿ cGo sltko kIfsf ;fy} kms{g'k"j{sf] ;ª\qmd0fsfn tyf of]hgf th'{df ug]{ r/0fdf tof/ ul/g] ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0fsf glthfdf e/ kg]{ ePsfn] kms{g] :yfg s'g s'g x'g' egL lglZrt ug{ ;Sg'kg]{ x'G5 -v08 #=#=*=!_.

k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿n] lzIff / tflnd h:tf cfjZostfnfO{ dfq ;Daf]wg gu/L dgf];fdflhs, sNof0fsf/L / :jf:Yo cfjZostfnfO{ klg ;Daf]wg ug'{ h?/L 5 . ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ aLr kf/:kl/s ;b\efj x'g' klg Wofg lbg} kg]{ Ps k|d'v ljifo xf] .

cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf w]/} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejsf cfwf/df jf:tjdf s'g rflxF -;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qsf_ ;+:yf jf lgsfonfO{ k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf ljleGg kIfx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDdf lbg] xf] eGg] ljjfbd"ns k|Zg p7fPsf lyP -cg';"lr !_ . w]/}n] cfkm"x¿n] dfcf]jfbL hg ;]gfdf nfu]/ b]zsf nflu alnbfg u/]sf] x'gfn] ;/sf/n] g} To;sf] u'g ltg'{ kg]{ e"ldsf v]Ng' kg]{ atfPsf lyP .

;/sf/n] ;fdgf ul//x]sf clxn]sf dfux¿n] p;sf] Ifdtf w]/} tGsfOlbPsf 5g, / k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf ;a} kIfx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug{df ;/sf/nfO{ lgs} sl7g agfOlbPsf 5g\ . o; sf/0fn] g} lghL If]q tyf gful/s ;dfhn] ;/sf/;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf ;]jf lbgdf k|d'v e"ldsf v]Ng'k5{ eGg] s'/f kG5fpg} g;lsg] ljifo alg;s]sf] 5 / pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf klg ;'b[9 t'Nofpg' kb{5 . o;f] eP tfklg lnOg] clGtd lg0f{ox¿ ;d'bfodf kms{g] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ tyf ;d'bfosf k|fyldstfk|lt ;+j]bgzLn x'g] ePsfn] k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu s] s:tf] ;+/rgf x'g] / jf:tjdf sfof{Gjogsf nflu s;n] s'g k|sf/sf] lhDdf kfpg] eGg] af/] lgs} xf]lzof/Lk"j{s Wofgdf /fVg' h?/L 5 .

j:t'tM k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] aLrsf -cf}krfl/s ¿kdf …k|d'v ;]jf k|bfosÚ elgPsf cnfoG; g]kfn / o';]km nufotsf lghL ;+:yf_ s;}nfO{ Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkg'sf] ;§f k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ alnof] kfg{ / ;dGjo tyf ;~rf/nfO{ r':t b'?:t /fVg k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf ljleGg kIf sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;]jf k|bfosx¿;Fu ;Lw} ;xsfo{ ug'{ kb{5 . k|d'v ;]jf k|bfosx¿n] ;]jf k|bfosx¿nfO{ 5fg]/ :yfgLo :t/df ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] nflu ;]jf lbg] sfo{df ;+of]hg u/]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ ljjfb p7fOP / s]xL dfldnfdf ;]jf k|bfossf sfdsf] k|efjsfl/tf tyf lbuf]kgnfO{ r'gf}lt lbb} tL :jo+n] lgs} nfe lnPsf] 7flgPsf] lyof] . o;f] eP tfklg ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] oL Kofs]hx¿ cfˆgf nflu ;'xfpFbf / :jLsfo{ dfg]sf v08df k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h ;]jf lbg s;nfO{ lhDdf lbOG5 eGg] vfnsf ljjfbd"ns k|Zg p7\g] lyPgg\ . To;}n] ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu pko'Qm / :jLsfo{ x'g] lsl;dsf Kofs]hx¿ agfpg] sfdnfO{ k|fylds dxTj lbOg' kb{5 .

#=#=! nlIft ef}uf]lns nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf k'g:yf{kg;DaGwL If]qdf k'g:yf{kg;DaGwL

l;kmfl/zx¿sf] l;kmfl/zx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug{df hf]8 sfof{Gjog ug{df hf]8

lbg'kg]{ lbg'kg]{

#=#=# k'g:yf{kg k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf ljleGg Kofs]hsf ljleGg

kIfx¿sf] sfof{Gjog kIfx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ lhDd]jf/ ;+:yf lnFbf ug{ lhDd]jf/ ;+:yf lnFbf

;+j]bgzLn x'g'kg]{ ;+j]bgzLn x'g'kg]{

#=#=@= k'g:yf{kg of]hgfsf] = k'g:yf{kg of]hgfsf] th'{df / sfof{Gjog th'{df / sfof{Gjog

ljlwut ¿kdf ;du|tfd'vL x'g' kb{5 ;du|tfd'vL x'g' kb{5

#=# k'g:yf{kg!(@!(@

54 ;femf ynf] <

!(# …/fhgLlts ;b\efjÚ eGg] zAbfjnLsf] k|of]usf] JofVof dflysf] kl/efiff v08df x]g'{xf];\ !($ cgldg k|df0fLs/0f k|lqmof -@))(_ eGbf cl3 tyf To; otf, k|df0fLs/0f k|lqmofdf cof]Uo ju{df -o;cl3 @)!) sf] km]a|'c/Ldf cf}krfl/s ¿kdf ljbf

ul/Psf lyP_ / of]Uo ju{df kfl/Psf lyP .

k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h ;]jf lbg jf:tjd} s;nfO{ lhDdf lbOG5 eGg] vfnsf] k|Zgaf6 pTkGg x'g] tgfj / k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofaf6 sf]xL s;}n] c¿eGbf a9L kmfObf lnFb}5g\ eGg] a'emfO{nfO{ kG5fpg af:tjd} s;nfO{ ;]jf k|bfossf ¿kdf s/f/df lnOPsf] 5, ltgsf lhDd]jf/L s] s] x'g\, ltgnfO{ lsg s/f/df lnOPsf] xf] eGg] af/]df k"j{ dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿n] hfGg rfx]sf v08df hfgsf/L lbg' kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} k'g:yf{kgaf6 kmfObf lnPsf] eGg] ;]jf k|bfosx¿sf af/]df ljBdfg unt wf/0ff x6fpg k'g:yf{kgsf] ah]6 s;/L vr{ ul/Psf] 5 eGg] hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf pknAw x'g'kb{5 / ;d'bfodf kms]{sf k"j{ dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿ tyf ;d'bfon] hfgsf/L lbg cg'/f]w u/]df pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .

k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿ kof{Kt dfqfdf cfsif{s 5g\ / ;d'bfodf b'ef{jgf of Oiof{ pTkGg x'g glbg] lsl;dn] cfjZostfx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu ;Gt'lnt 9ª\uaf6 tof/ ul/Psf 5g\ eGg] ljifodf ljZjf; lbnfpg' h?/L x'G5 . Oiof{ kG5fpg / ;fdflhs tyf /fhgLlts ;b\efj!(#!(# j[l4 ug{ k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ ltgsf cfˆgf ;dsIfL hf]8fx¿eGbf dfly x'g] u/L cfly{s ;xfotf lbg' x'Fb}g / To;n] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ leq\ofpg] ;d'bfonfO{ ;d]t nfe k'¥ofPsf] x'g' kb{5 . åGå ;+j]bgzLn pkfo ckgfOPsf] 5 egL ljZjf; lbnfpg lgDgfg';f/sf sfd ug'{ kb{5M

� k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿ ;d'bfo s]lGb|t 5g\ / tL ;d'bfodf kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'sf ;fy} k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿ ;d'bfo s]lGb|t 5g\ / tL ;d'bfodf kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'sf ;fy} ;d'bfonfO{ klg nfe k'¥ofpg] vfnsf 5g\ egL ljZj:t kfg]{ ;d'bfonfO{ klg nfe k'¥ofpg] vfnsf 5g\ egL ljZj:t kfg]{ . vf;u/L /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf, Jofj;flos tflnd, :jf:Yo ;]jf, afnaflnsf :ofxf/ ;]jf, dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{, lzIff ;]jf / sfg'gL k|df0fkqx¿ kfpgsf nflu kx'Fr k'¥ofpg Jofks ;d'bfonfO{ ;d]t ;xof]u k'u]sf] x'g' kb{5 .

� s] s] s'/fn] …;d'bfoÚ aGb5 eGg] ls6fg ug{ uf¥xf] x'g] / ;d'bfox¿sf aLrsf] ;Ldf eTs]sf ;x/L If]qdf ;x/L If]qdf ToxfFsf lgjf;Lx¿;Fu 5nkmn u/L …;d'bfoÚ eGgfn] pgLx¿ s] 7fGb5g\ ;f]xL cg';f/ ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k'g:yf{kg sfof{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog ug'{ kb{5 . ;fy}, a9L dfqfdf ;x/ ahf/sf u/La If]qdf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ a:g ;Sg] -a9L cfjZostf ePsf :yfg ;d]t_ ;:tf] ef8f b/ ePsf 7fpFnfO{ nlIft ug'{ kb{5 .

� b]zsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / lgdf{0f h:tf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ tyf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ tyf ;d'bfosf ;b:o b'a}nfO{ nfe k'Ug] u/L cfo cfh{gsf ultljlw :yfkgf ug]{;d'bfosf ;b:o b'a}nfO{ nfe k'Ug] u/L cfo cfh{gsf ultljlw :yfkgf ug]{ . /f]huf/L tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ / ;d'bfosf aLrdf ;xof]u a9fpg] cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ vfnsf cfo cfh{gsf ultljlwn] a]/f]huf/Lsf] cj:yfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{sf ;fy} ;b\efj, kf/:kl/s ljZjf; / ;fdflhs cGt/+utf j[l4 ug]{ ;fd'bflos pkfonfO{ k|j4{g ug{ ;Qm5g\ . o;n] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;/sf/L ;xof]unfO{ ;d]t b]vfpg ;Qm5 .

� :yfgLo :t/df k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdnfO{ ;';"lrt ug{ nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf :yfgLo kl/l:yltsf] :yfgLo :t/df k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdnfO{ ;';"lrt ug{ nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf :yfgLo kl/l:yltsf] ;dLIff ug]{ ;dLIff ug]{ . k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd kl/l:yltnfO{ k|ltlalDat ug{ :yfgLo :t/;Fu ldNg] u/L cg's"n agfpg' kb{5 / k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdn] ;d"x ;d"xaLr pTkGg tgfjnfO{ cem lau|Fbf] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpFb}g egL ljZj:t t'Nofpg' kb{5 . o:tf] ;dLIffn] :yfgLo :t/df tgfjsf l

o; cg';Gwfgn] cfˆg} OR5fn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gf kl/Tofu u/]sf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L dlxnfx¿_!($!($ sf] pNn]vgLo ;+Vof km]nf kf/]sf] lyof] / ltgLx¿dWo] of cGthf{tLo ljjfxsf sf/0fn] c:jLsf/ ul/Psf jf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;b:o ePsf] egL nf~5gf nufOPsf jf of}ghGo / n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf] lzsf/ ePsf jf b'Jo{jxf/ v]k]sfx¿ lyP . tL dlxnf, sf]xL sf]xL t afnaRrfsL cfdf ;d]t, sfd vf]Hgsf nflu ;DejtM of}g pBf]udf sfd ug{ ef/tlt/ jf g]kfns} ;x/L If]qlt/ nfu]sf] atfOPsf] lyof] . dlxnfx¿sf tL ;d"x -/ ltgsf afnaRrf_ lgs} hf]lvdo'Qm cj:yfdf 5g\ g ltgnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ s'g} ;~hfn 5 g t ltgn] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h g} kfpF5g\ .

o:tf dlxnfx¿nfO{ Psbd} ;+j]bgzLn tl/sfn] kQf nufpg] / ;Dks{ /fVg] k|of; ug'{ kb{5 . pgLx¿nfO{ /f]huf/L kfpg / vt/fd'Qm lsl;dsf] af;sf] Joj:yf ug{, kL8f sd ug{ k/fdz{ / ltgLx¿sf afnaRrf tyf :jo+ ltgsf nflu lzIffsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . g]kfndf ;fdfGotof dlxnfsf] hf]lvd / of}ghGo tyf n}ª\lustfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf] If]qdf

#=#=$ k'g:yf{kgsf nflu k'g:yf{kgsf nflu k|fKt ah]6sf] vr{df k|fKt ah]6sf] vr{df

kf/blz{tf kf/blz{tf

#=#=%= k'g:yf{kg = k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿ åGå Kofs]hx¿ åGå

;+j]bgzLn 5g\ eGg] ;+j]bgzLn 5g\ eGg] ljifodf cfZj:t kfg]{ ljifodf cfZj:t kfg]{

#=#=^= ;~hfnaf6 ;~hfnaf6 r'Fl8Psfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u r'Fl8Psfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u

;]km/jN8{ 55

sfd ug]{ cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] klg vf;u/L k'g:yf{kg ;xof]u c:jLsf/ ug]{ dlxnfx¿sf] o; ;d"xnfO{ nlIft ug{ vf]Hg' kb{5 .

dfcf]jfbL ;]gfnfO{ :j]lR5s lsl;dn] kl/Tofu u/L gful/s hLjgdf kmls{;s]sf dlxnfx¿nfO{ klg ;xof]u ug]{ k|of; ug'{ kb{5 . s;} s;}n] cfˆgf] hLljsf km]l/ z'? u/] klg, pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf Joj;fo z'? u/]/ w]/} hgf sfd kfpg ;+3if{ ul//x]s} 5g\ / ;d'bfo / kl/jf/af6 c:jLsf/ ul/Pkl5 e'Qmdfg vlk/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf JolQmx¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;l/s u/fpg] k|of; x'g' h?/L 5 . o;f] ug{sf nflu oL JolQmx¿nfO{ vf]hL ug{, pgLx¿;Fu Ps Ps u/]/ ;Dks{ /fvL k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmddf pknAw ljsNkx¿sf] 5gf]6sf nflu ljz]if lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . o;f] eP tfklg :j]lR5s lsl;dn] 5f8]sf JolQmx¿ xfn sxfF sxfF a;]sf 5g\ vf]Hg' / kQf nufpg' sl7g x'g] ePsfn] k'g:yf{kg af/] hg r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 / :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ nlIft u/L pgLx¿ cem} klg k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h kfpgsf nflu of]Uo xsbf/ 5g\ / s;/L kfpg] sfd cl3 a9fpg ;lsG5 eGg] -h:t} k'g:yf{kg cfof]u;Fu ;Dks{ /fVg] dfWod _ af/] hfgsf/L lbg' kb{5 .

k'g:yf{kg cfof]u o:tf JolQmx¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z u/fpg] ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{ / To;sf] sfof{GjognfO{ ;+of]hg ug{ lhDd]jf/ x'g' kb{5 .

;~hfnaf6 5'6]/ zf/Ll/s sl7gfOsf sf/0f k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ;xefuL x'g g;s]sf ckfª\u÷3fOt] k"j{ -of]Uo, ljbf ul/Psf / :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_ n8fs'x¿nfO{ klg ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .

ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdnfO{ sdhf]/ t'Nofpg] clxn];Ddsf] d'Vo r'gf}lt eg]sf] ;]jf lbg] dfldnfdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] cefj /xg' xf] . k'g:yf{kg ;]jf kfFrj6f If]qLo s]Gb|x¿af6 dfq lbgfn] ;xeflutfnfO{ lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf s]xL vf; k|sf/sf tflnd sfo{qmdx¿ w]/}h;f] s'g} vf; If]q ljz]ifdf dfq lbOg'sf] cy{ xf] dflg;n] cfˆgf] kl/jf/ 5f8]/ hfg' k5{{, ;xefuL x'gsf nflu nfdf] b"/Lsf] ofqf to ug'{ k5{{ / a:g vfgsf nflu -;x/L If]qdf_ a9L k};f ltg'{ k5{ . cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿n] o:tf kl/l:yltn] ubf{ tflnd 5f8\g]x¿sf] b/ pRr x'g k'u]sf] xf] -cg';"lr !_ .

/fli6«o k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf] :yfkgf;DaGwL v08 #=! cg'?k ;xeflutfnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg k'g:yf{kgsf ;a} sfo{qmd :yfgLo :t/d} lbg' kb{5 . o;f] eP klg k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf ljleGg kIfx¿sf nflu sfof{Gjogsf] :t/ km/s km/s x'g ;Qm5g\ . vf;u/L ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ubf{ yf]/} sfo{ef/sf nflu t'ngfTds ¿kdf a9L nfut kg]{ tYonfO{ b[li6ut u/L Jofj;flos / n3' pBd;DaGwL tflndx¿ b]zel/sf ljleGg :yfgdf / ;xefuLx¿ a9L cfpg] / pgLx¿nfO{ kfos kg]{ -nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf sDtLdf lhNnf :t/df_ :yfgdf pknAw x'g' kb{5 . lzIff / :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] xsdf, oL ;]jfdf ;xeflutfsf nflu :yfgLo :t/ -j:t'tM uflj; :t/_ df :yfgLo ;/sf/sf lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf;Fu ldn]/ pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . k|efjsf/L glthf xfl;n ug{sf nflu bL3{sfnLg ;xeflutf cfjZos kg]{ uDeL/ k|s[ltsf kL8fdf k/fdz{, ;fdflhs ;b\efj tyf kf/:kl/s ljZjf; lgdf{0f ug]{ ultljlwx¿ :yfgLo :t/d} -;s];Dd j8f :t/df g;s]df sDtLdf klg uflj; :t/df_ ;~rfng ug'{ cTofjZos x'G5 . o;f] ePsf v08df dfq ;d'bfodf kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] cfˆgf] b}lgs sfddf s'g} k|sf/sf] c;lhnf] dx;'; gu/Lsg} o:tf ;]jfdf kx'Fr /fVg ;St5g\ / o:tf ;]jf ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldlt;Fusf] ;+of]hgdf pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 -v08 #=#=*=#_ .

o; r/0fdf lgDgfg';f/sf lqmofsnfk ug'{ kb{5M

� gful/s hLjgdf kms{g rfxg] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿nfO{ ltgsf ;d:of / cfjZostf a'emL gful/s hLjgdf kms{g rfxg] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿nfO{ ltgsf ;d:of / cfjZostf a'emL ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug{ ;Dks{ /fvL 5nkmn ug]{;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug{ ;Dks{ /fvL 5nkmn ug]{ . k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿ k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf ljlzi6 -cfly{s÷/f]huf/L, ;fdflhs, ;b\efj, dgf];fdflhs / :jf:Yo ;]jf_ cfjZostfx¿nfO{ b[li6ut u/L tof/ ul/Psf 5g\ egL cfZj:t kfg{ bf];|f] k6s o; ;ª\qmd0fsf] r/0fdf e]6L pgLx¿;Fu 5nkmn ug'{ kb{5 . o;df k'g:yf{kg k|lqmof n}lËs b[li6n] ;+j]bgzLn t'NofOPsf] 5 egL ljZj:t kfg{ k'?if / dlxnfsf km/s km/s cfjZostf ;d]6\g' kb{5 . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgsf qmddf ;fdflhs, cfly{s cfjZostfx¿ ;DaGwL hfgsf/L glnOsg} sfo{qmdsf] tof/L u/]sf sf/0fn] a]xf]g'{ k/]sf r'gf}ltx¿nfO{ b[li6ut u/L n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLn k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd tof/ ug{sf nflu ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug{'

#=#=&= k'g:yf{kg k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdnfO{ :yfgLo sfo{qmdnfO{ :yfgLo

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#=#=* ;+qmd0f tyf of]hgf ;+qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{dfsf] tof/Lsf] r/0f th'{dfsf] tof/Lsf] r/0f

#=#=*=! ;fdfGo

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h?/L 5 -cg';"lr !_ . vf;u/L, JolQmut ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f lng] sfd ;d'bfodf kms{g ;Sg] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿;DaGwL ;"rgf lng] k|lqmofsf] cª\usf ¿kdf ;d]t hf/L /fVg'kb{5 h;df n}lËstf, pd]/, hg ÷hftLo ;d"x, j}jflxs l:ylt, cfl>tx¿, ;Lk, lzIff, tflnd, cg'ej, :jf:Yo÷ zf/Ll/s tGb'?:tL÷dgf];fdflhs tyf cGo sf/s tTjx¿n] ;'/Iff lgsfodf egf{sf] dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug{ d2t ug{ / ÷jf /f]huf/sf] ;Defjgf ePsf If]q /÷ jf pknAw tflnd klxNofpg pkof]uL x'g ;St5g\ . o:tf] ljj/0f lnFbf kms{g nfu]sf SofG6f]gd]06sf ;a} n8fs'x¿;Fu Ps Ps hgf;Fu #) lbgsf] ;dodf 5nkmn -k|To]s JolQm;Fu #) ldg]6_ ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf] 5nkmn k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] ug'{ kb{5 / lgwf{l/t ;dodf clg s] slt ;|f]t cfjZos knf{ eGg] kIf ;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]sf] x'g' kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿;Fusf 5nkmn :jo+df a9L eGbf a9L dfqfdf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h u|x0f ug{] dfldnfdf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿n] l9nf] u/L sdhf]/ 9ª\un] Kofs]h lnP eg] Ps lsl;dn] ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿;Fu cToGt ;Lldt ;Dks{ / 5nkmn tyf ;~rf/ ul/Psf] lyof] eGg] s'/f b]lvg] 5 .

� nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf ;d'bfo;Fu ltgsf ljleGg ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhgLlts, jftfj/0fLo nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf ;d'bfo;Fu ltgsf ljleGg ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhgLlts, jftfj/0fLo tyf ;'/Iff cfjZostf Pj+ k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL ltgsf ;d:of jf rf;f] s] s:tf 5g\ egL kQf tyf ;'/Iff cfjZostf Pj+ k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL ltgsf ;d:of jf rf;f] s] s:tf 5g\ egL kQf nufpg 5nkmn ug]{ nufpg 5nkmn ug]{ . o;n] k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdn] ;d'bfo s]lGb|t åGå ;+j]bgzLn ljlw ckgfO{ ;d'bfo tyf ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf km/s km/s cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]sf] 5 egL ljZjf; lbnfpg d2t ug]{5 . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdaf6 l;lsPsf kf7df /]vfª\lst eP em}+ k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdnfO{ a9L k|efjsf/L 5 egL cfZj:t kfg{ of] kIf clt g} dxTjk"0f{ 5 -cg';"lr !_ . ;dfg ¿kdf ;d"xut 5nkmn, k'?if / dlxnf;Fu 5'§f5'§} tyf pgLx¿nfO{ ;Fu} /fv]/ / a/fa/ /fv]/ o:tf lqmofsnfk ug'{kb{5 . o:tf 5nkmn k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[t -l8cf/cf]_ n] sfo{qmddf ;/sf/sf] :jfdLTj a9fpgsf nflu s]Gb|sf] ;xof]udf gful/s ;dfh, s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/ / :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfo;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 .

� pRr gLltut txdf 5nkmn / k/fdz{sf glthf b]vfpg 5nkmn tyf ;+jfbsf nflu ;do pRr gLltut txdf 5nkmn / k/fdz{sf glthf b]vfpg 5nkmn tyf ;+jfbsf nflu ;do 5'6\ofpg] 5'6\ofpg] . ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ / ;d'bfo;Fu 5nkmn k/fdz{ u/]kl5 ;ª\qmd0f r/0fsf] cGTolt/ kQf nfu]sf ljifo ;'kfRo agfpg, ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfox¿, /f]huf/ If]q, lghL If]q / cGo d'Vo d'Vo gLlt lgdf{tfx¿;Fu ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ / ;d'bfosf ljleGg cfjZostfnfO{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf dfWodaf6 ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] -h:t} ;DalGwt sfd ug{ ;lsg] pko'Qm If]qdf /f]huf/Lsf] Uof/]06L ePsf] cflb_ 5 egL ljZjf; lbnfpg 5nkmn ug{sf nflu kof{Kt ;do 5'6\ofpg' kb{5 . pRr gLltut txdf ul/g] o:tf 5nkmnsf] ;+of]hg k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] g} ug'{ kb{5 .

� Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;xof]u tyf k|lta4tf lng] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;xof]u tyf k|lta4tf lng] . cg';Gwfg tyf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs', ;]jf k|bfos, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw, ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿;Fusf] 5nkmn k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] ;kmntf / k|efjsfl/tfsf nflu Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] jrga4tf lng' kg]{ ljifodf hf]8 lbPsf lyP . cg';Gwfgn] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] k|lta4tf gcfPsf sf/0fn] s;/L k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ;xeflutf / ;du| k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] k|efjsfl/tf cj?4 x'g ;S5 eGg] pbfx/0fx¿df k|sfz kf/]sf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf lglDt s]xL ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnf g]tfx¿n] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;'b"/ klZrdsf] t/fO{df pgLx¿nfO{ Kofs]hdf ;xefuL x'g lgif]w u/]sf] atfPsf lyP . To;}n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] ;+of]hg tyf sfof{Gjog ug{ lhDd]jf/L lnPsfx¿n] sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{ r/0fd} Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo / lhNnf :t/df o; k|lqmofk|lt k|lta4tf lng 5nkmn / k/fdz{ ug'{ kb{5 . ;fy}, ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿;Fu /fli6«o / lhNnf b'a} :t/df sfof{Gjog qmddf k|lta4tf lng k|efjsf/L ;~rf/ / ;xsfo{sf nflu lgoldt 5nkmn ug'{ kb{5 .

� ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ / nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf ;d'bfox¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf /x]sf 5fGg ;lsg] s] s] ljsNkx¿ pknAw 5g\ eGg] af/] hfgsf/L lbg k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf /x]sf 5fGg ;lsg] s] s] ljsNkx¿ pknAw 5g\ eGg] af/] hfgsf/L lbg ;~rf/ /0fgLlt agfP/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;~rf/ /0fgLlt agfP/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ . o;sf] dxTjnfO{ ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿df ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf r'gf}ltx¿df hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 -cg';"lr !_ . Kofs]hsf ;DaGwdf :ki6 hfgsf/L lbg' ;d'bfo tyf ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf aLrsf] ljZjf;nfO{ ;'b[9 agfpgsf nflu geO{ gx'g] s]Gb|Lo ljifoj:t' xf] .

�� ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿;+Fu j:t'tM k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf /x]sf ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿;+Fu j:t'tM k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf /x]sf ljsNkx¿df ;xdlt eO;s]kl5 t];|f] 5nkmn z[ª\vnfsf] dfWodaf6 ;~rf/ ug'{ pko'Qm ljsNkx¿df ;xdlt eO;s]kl5 t];|f] 5nkmn z[ª\vnfsf] dfWodaf6 ;~rf/ ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5x'G5 . k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf pknAw 5gf]6x¿ / s;/L ltgLx¿df kx'Fr /fVg ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df lj:t[t hfgsf/L lbgsf nflu kms{g nfu]sf SofG6f]gd]06sf ;a} n8fs'x¿;Fu Ps

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Ps hgf;Fu #) lbgsf] ;dodf -k|To]s JolQm;Fu #) ldg]6_ 5nkmn ug'{ kb{5 . x'g t k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf s;/L kx'Fr /fVg ;lsG5 eGg] ;Nnfx lbgsf nflu Ps lgMz'Ns 6]lnkmf]g -6f]n k|mL gDa/_ ;'ljwf 5 t/ ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu Koffs]h lngsf nflu cj/f]w v8f ug]{ d'Vo r'gf}lt eg]sf] s] lyof] eg] pgLx¿ k|To]snfO{ s]jn !) ldg]6 dfq ;do lbP/ hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] / Tolt yf]/} ;do lj:t[t hfgsf/L Pj+ ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ug{sf nflu kof{Kt lyPg . o;sf cltl/Qm, o:tf 5nkmn / k/fdz{sf a]nf k|To]s n8fs'nfO{ pknAw 5gf]6sf ljsNkx¿ / tL kfpg sxfF hfg' k5{ eGg] lj:t[t hfgsf/L /flvPsf] ;"rgfd"ns ;fdu|L pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . o:tf lqmofsnfk k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tsf] dfWodaf6 ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 .

�� k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tn] ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldlt;Fusf] ;xsfo{df -v08 #=#=*=#_ nlIft /]l8of] sfo{qmdx¿, ;dfrf/kqdf n]v /rgf, ;"rgfd"ns krf{ k'l:tsf, ;8s gf6s, ;fj{hlgs uf]i7L / To:t} -v08 #=#=! cGtu{t ;dfof]hgsf ;Gbe{df hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ ;Gbe{df pNn]v ul/P adf]lhd_ vfnsf cGo sfo{qmdsf dfWodaf6 ;d'bfox¿ / Jofks ;dfh;Fusf] ;~rf/ sfod ug'{ kb{5 . oL lqmofsnfkx¿ klg gful/s ;dfh, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, ;fd'bflos÷dlxnf ;d"xx¿, ;~rf/ k|lti7fgx¿ / kqsf/x¿ tyf :yfkgf ul/Psf ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿;Fu ;dGjo u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g' kb{5 . oL lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog r/0fdf klg hf/L g} /fVg' kb{5 / logn] gful/s hLjgdf kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf ljsNkx¿sf] 5gf]6sf nflu hfgsf/L lbg d2t k'¥ofpF5g\ .

� ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0fsf] d"Nofª\sg ug]{ sfdsf] efusf ¿kdf JolQmut /f]huf/Lsf ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0fsf] d"Nofª\sg ug]{ sfdsf] efusf ¿kdf JolQmut /f]huf/Lsf cfjZostf tyf g/fd|f];Fu 3fOt] ePsf÷ckfª\ux¿ tyf dlxnfx¿sf nflu sl7gfOsf] cfjZostf tyf g/fd|f];Fu 3fOt] ePsf÷ckfª\ux¿ tyf dlxnfx¿sf nflu sl7gfOsf] d"Nofª\sg ug]{ d"Nofª\sg ug]{ -dflysf] v08 #=#=*=! x]g'{xf];\_ . o;n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ;dfj]z ul/g] 3fOt]÷ckfª\u n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;'xfpFbf] vfnsf Jofj;flos tflnd tyf /f]huf/Lsf ljsNk kQf nufpg / dlxnfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿n] rfx]sf lqmofGd'vL cfly{s hLjg ofkg ug{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ pko'Qm tflnd sfo{qmdx¿sf] ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 .

� :yfgLo ahf/sf cfjZostfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug{] :yfgLo ahf/sf cfjZostfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug{] . nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf :yfgLo ahf/df ljBdfg cfjZostf tyf vf8n kQf nufpgsf nflu o:tf sfd ug'{ kb{5 . o;n] sfo{qmdnfO{ Jofj;flos tflnd tyf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ -jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] cfˆgf nflu :jLsfo{ egL hf]8 lbPsf Joj;fosf k|sf/ cg'?k / dlxnfx¿ tyf 3fOt]÷ckfª\ux¿sf cfjZostf cg's"n_ sf] l;h{gf ug{df hf]8 lbg nufpg ;S5 . of] ljZn]if0f ;/sf/n] -vf;u/L >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfno / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un]_ k'g:yf{kg cfof]u -vf; u/L lhNnfsf k|ltlglwx¿_, /fli6«o :t/sf Joj;foL ;d'bfosf g]tfx¿, cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox¿ -vf;u/L cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g—cfOPncf] / cGo ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo Ph]G;Lx¿_, ;DalGwt :yfgdf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ / :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿sf] ;xof]udf ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 .

� /fli6«o :t/sf] >d ahf/sf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ /fli6«o :t/sf] >d ahf/sf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ . of] sfd klg k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ;xefuL ePkl5sf] glthfsf ¿kdf /f]huf/ vf]Hg] l;nl;nfdf w]/} ?rfpg] sfddf s]lGb|t ug{sf nflu /fli6«o :t/sf] >d ahf/ / ljz]if If]qx¿÷Joj;fo jf k]zfsf aLrdf /x]sf] vf8n kQf nufpgsf nflu ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf] ljZn]if0f ;/sf/ -vf;u/L >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfno / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u_ n] k'g:yf{kg cfof]u, /fli6«o :t/sf Joj;foL ;d'bfosf g]tfx¿, cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox¿ -vf;u/L cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g—cfOPncf] / cGo ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo Ph]G;Lx¿_, ;DalGwt :yfgdf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ;xof]udf ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 .

� k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu /f]huf/sf cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ ;Defjgfsf nflu lghL If]qnfO{ k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu /f]huf/sf cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ ;Defjgfsf nflu lghL If]qnfO{ ;+j]bgzLn agfpg] ;+j]bgzLn agfpg] . k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu ;Defljt bL3{sfnLg sfdsf cj;/x¿sf af/]df lghL If]q;Fu 5nkmn tyf k/fdz{ ug'{ kb{5 . x'g t jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] kQf nufPsf cfkm"nfO{ :jLsfo{ x'g] sfd ;/sf/L - :jf:Yo sfo{stf{, lzIfs / ;fd'bflos kl/rfns h:tf_ ;]jf 5g\, kQf nufPsf s]xL cGo k]zf Joj;fo -OlGhgLo/, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, lghL ;'/Iff sDkgL cflb_ a9L dfqfdf lghL If]qleq pknAw x'g ;Sg] vfnsf 5g\ . jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] cj;/ cfPdf lghL If]qdf /f]huf/ vf]Hgsf nflu v'nf /x]sf] atfPsf lyP . cg';Gwfgn] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;a}eGbf d'Vo sl7gfO{sf ¿kdf g]kfnsf] >d ahf/leq ;'xfpFbf] vfnsf] /f]huf/L gx'g' g} xf] eGg] klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . To;f] x'gfn] zflGtk"0f{ k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf nflu ljleGg If]qdf /f]huf/Lsf ljsNkx¿ pknAw u/fO{ o; sl7gfO{nfO{ ;Daf]wg

#=#=*=@= cfly{s k'g:yf{kg cfly{s k'g:yf{kg

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ug{ lghL If]qsf] kl/rfng ug'{ cTofjZos 5 . k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] /f]huf/L;DaGwL lghL If]qdf ;d:of / rf;f] ljBdfg 5g\ vf;u/L ltgn] cfˆgf] /fhgLlts cf:yfnfO{ sfd ug]{ 7fpFdf Nofpnfg\ eGg] 8/ ljBdfg 5 . o:tf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{ h?/L 5 . lghL If]qdf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] /f]huf/L a9fpg lgDgfg';f/sf] sfd ug'{ kb{5 M

�� kms{g nfu]]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ dfgl;s ¿kdf ;fj{hlgs / lghL If]qdf sfd ug{ tof/ agfpgsf nflu ;+j]bgzLn t'Nofpg] / >lds cfrf/ ;+lxtf kfng ug]{ ;DaGwL ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ . ljz]if u/L kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿;Fu Ps Ps u/L 5nkmn tyf k/fdz{ Pj+ ;fd"lxs uf]i7L cfof]hgf ug'{ k5{ .

�� kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ lghL If]q -;fj{hlgs If]qdf ;d]t_ sf] /f]huf/sf nflu Jofj;flos tflndsf dfWodaf6 ;Lkd"ns tflnd lbg] -tn x]g'{xf];\_ .

�� kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ >dsf] ;f6f] sfdåf/f tflnd lbg] h:tf Joj;fosf nflu k|f]T;fxg lbg] vfnsf sfo{qmd ljsf; ug]{ .

�� vf; u/L lghL If]qn] pgLx¿sf To:tf ;xsf/LnfO{ s/f/df lng] jf ltgLx¿;Fu Joj;fodf ;fem]bf/L lgdf{0f ug]{ cle?lr b]vfPsf ;Gbe{df kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu ltgsf] cfˆg} Joj;fo ÷;xsf/L :yfkgf ug{ tflnd lbg] . o;f] ug{sf nflu o:tf Joj;fon] /fli6«o jf :yfgLo :t/df lghL If]qsf]] dfu klg /x]sf] x'gfn] cfˆgf] pTkfbgnfO{ lglZrt pBf]udf s]lGb|t ug'{ cfjZos 5 . o;y{ o:tf Joj;fon] :yfgLo / /fli6«o >d ahf/ ljZn]if0fdf klxrfg ul/Psf sdL -Uofk_ nfO{ nlIft ug'{ h?/L x'G5 . o:tf ultljlwsf] ;+of]hg /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, Joj;foL ;d'bfo, gful/s ;dfh, cfly{s k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL k|fljlws lj1x¿ / :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿sf] ;xof]udf k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] ug'{ kb{5 .

� ljBdfg Jofj;flos tflnd tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ ;+:yfgx¿ / ;'ljwfx¿sf] Ifdtf ljBdfg Jofj;flos tflnd tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ ;+:yfgx¿ / ;'ljwfx¿sf] Ifdtf d"Nofª\sg ug]{d"Nofª\sg ug]{ . of] sfd :yfgLo :t/df -vf;u/L :yfgLo lgsfox¿, u};;, ;fd'bflos ;d"xx¿ / ;/sf/L jf lghL k|lzIf0f ;+:yfgx¿_ s]s:tf tflnd ;+:yfgx¿ / ;]jfx¿ ljBdfg 5g\ egL gfKg] qmddf nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf ug'{ kb{5 . o;n] k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] c+zsf ¿kdf s] s:tf gofF ;]jf / tflnd ;'ljwfsf] :yfkgf ug{ ;lsG5 egL lgSof}{n ug{ d2t k'Ug] 5 . o;n] sfof{Gjog r/0fdf k"/f ug'{ kg]{ Ifdtf clej[l4sf cfjZostf klxrfg ug{ klg d2t k'¥ofpg] 5 . o:tf] d"Nofª\sg :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿, Joj;foL ;d'bfo / gful/s ;dfh;Fusf] ;dGjodf k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 .

� j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg rfxg] jf kx'Fr /fVg rflx/x]sfx¿nfO{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/df b]lvPsf hf]lvd sd ug{ dfu{ lgb]{z ug]{ . w]/} jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L k'?if_ n] bIf >lds Jofj;flos tflnd kfO;s]kl5 ljb]zdf sfd ug{ hfg] OR5f JoQm u/]sf lyP . kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ cf}krfl/s k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] sfof{Gjog r/0fsf] Ps efusf ¿kdf sfdsf nflu ljb]z hfg ;Sg] jf g;Sg] ljifo ;/sf/sf lg0f{o / ljb]zL d'n'sx¿;Fusf] s"6gLlts ;DaGwdf e/ kg]{5 . h] xf];\, s]xL n8fs'x¿ Sof06f]gd]06 5f8]kl5 cfˆg} thaLhn] ljb]zdf sfd vf]Hg hfg t ;S5g\ -h:t} cf}krfl/s k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] dfWodaf6 geO{_ / Jofj;flos tflnd kfpg'cl3 / kfPkl5 k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofaf6 pgLx¿ st} g7luo"g\ / ltgn] ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{ hf]lvd sd xf];\ eGg] x]t'n] tof/Lsf] ;+qmd0f tyf of]hgf th{'df r/0fdf ;xof]u lbg' kb{5 . k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf l8cf/cf]x¿n] ;o hgf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu k|To]s Sof06f]gd]06df Ps k6s u/L b'O{ xKtfsf] ;dodf -tof/Lsf] ;+qmd0fsfnLg tyf of]hgf th'{dfsf] r/0f cjlwdf Sof06f]gd]06df ul/g] rf}yf} r/0fsf] 5nkmn k/fdz{ lqmofsnfk_ ;fd'lxs k|jrg -k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ b'O{ 306f_ sf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 . o;df pko'Qm lsl;dn] bIf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿, :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿, ;fd'bflos ;d"xx¿ / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;xof]udf j}b]lzs /f]huf/;Fu ;DalGwt hf]lvd / emd]nfsf af/]df r]tgf hufpg' kb{5 / pko'Qm tyf j}w sDkgLx¿sxfF lgj]bg s;/L lbg], hf]lvd s;/L sd ug]{ / cfˆgf] xsbfjL s;/L ug]{ eGg] ljifodf dfu{ lgb]{z ug'{ kb{5 .

cg';Gwfgdf kQf nfu]sf ljifox¿df /]vfª\lst ul/P h:t}, dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgn] zflGt k|lqmofsf] Ps d'Vo r'gf}ltsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 / pko'Qm lsl;dn] Joj:yfkg ul/Pg eg] To;n] ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iffdf r'gf}lt yKg] ;Defjgf 5 . jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ gful/s hLjgdf kms{g' cl3 ;ª\qmd0f sfnd} k'g:yf{kgsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf pTkGg x'g ;Sg] tgfjx¿sf ;Defjgfx¿nfO{ sd ug{ ;d'bfodf ;b\efj, ljZjf; lgdf{0f / ;fdflhs /;fogsf nflu ;xof]usf k|of; ug'{ clt g} cfjZos x'G5 . o; k|lqmofsf] Ps c+zsf ¿kdf

#=#=*=# ;fdflhs ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgk'g:yf{kg

;]km/jN8{ 59

lgDgfg';f/sf sfd ug'{kb{5 .

� k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdfly ;d'bfosf] :jfldTjnfO{ a9fpg ;d'bfo / ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf aLr ;+jfb, ;b\efj / ljZjf; lgdf{0f ug]{ nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf k|To]s nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf k|To]s lhNnfdf uflj; :t/df ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿ :yfkgf ug]{ lhNnfdf uflj; :t/df ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿ :yfkgf ug]{ . vf;u/L, ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿n] l8cf/cf]x¿ / l8Pdcf]x¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf ;fdflhs, dgf];fdflhs, ;~rf/ tyf cg'udg h:tf kIfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;3fpg] 5g\ . ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿df ;d'bfosf k|ltlglw, ;'/Iff lgsfosf k"j{ sd{rf/L, kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs' -a/fa/ ;+Vofdf k'?if / dlxnfsf ;fy} :yfgLo :t/df ;dfg'kflts 9ª\un] ljleGg hftLo hghftLo wfld{s tyf pd]/ ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L_, gful/s ;dfh, k/Dk/fut÷;d'bfosf g]tf tyf :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfosf k|ltlglw /xg' kb{5 . ;d'bfosf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ :yfgLo :t/df k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg / k|lqmofnfO{ lgs} /fd|f];Fu xfFSg cfˆgf] k|efjnfO{ pkof]u ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{ kb{5 . ;ldltx¿nfO{ :yfgLo :t/df ljBdfg ;+/rgfd} v8f ug{sf nflu uflj;sf] ;+/rgfleq cfwfl/t x'g' kb{5 / :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfo / ;/sf/sf] :jfdLTjnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{ kb{5 . t/ ;ldltx¿n] /fhgLlts k|efjaf6 d'Qm / t6:y eP/ :jtGqtfk"j{s sfd ug'{ kb{5 . ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ j8f:t/df sfo{qmd lj:tf/sf nflu lhDd]jf/ /xg] 5g\ . ;/sf/n] cfjZos /sd pknAw u/fpg] jf bft[ ;+:yfsf] ;xof]u lnP/ cfly{s k|aGw ldnfpg' kb{5 . ;ldltsf lhDd]jf/L o; k|sf/ x'g' kb{5 M

�� k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf l8cf/cf]x¿ / l8Pdcf]x¿;Fu lgoldt ;Dks{ / ;dGjodf /xL ;d'bfo :t/df k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf] ;Dks{ ljGb'sf ¿kdf sfd ug]{ / sfof{Gjogsf] k|ult tyf s'g} k|sf/sf] r'gf}lt b]lvP To;af/] hfgsf/L lbg] / sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ug]{ d'Vo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ . k|To]s ;ldltsf nflu ;ldlts} Ps hgf ;b:onfO{ cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ;Da4 JolQm tf]Sg' kb{5 .

�� k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿, k"j{ ;'/Iff lgsfo sd{rf/L / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿sf aLr ;+o'Qm v]n jf cGo dgf]/~hgfTds lqmofsnfkx¿ cfof]hgf u/L ljZjf; a9fpg] sfddf e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ .

�� ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿, k"j{ ;'/Iff lgsfo sd{rf/L / k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf aLr s'g} k|sf/sf] u}/;}lgs k|s[ltsf] ljjfb pTkGg ePdf dWo:ystf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ / cf}krfl/s ;'/Iff tyf Gofo If]qsf clwsf/Lx¿;Fu ;DaGw /fVg] . o;sf ;fy} ;ldltx¿n] 3/ kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf kl/jf/x¿ leq 3/]n' ljjfb pTkGg ePsf v08df To;nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{df ;d]t e"ldsf v]Ng' kb{5 . kl/jf/leq :jLsf/ ug{df r'gf}lt cfpg] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] x'gfn] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿ kof{Kt gePsf v08df vf; u/L k'?ifx¿df xLgtfaf]w, a]/f]huf/L tyf ulx/f] kL8faf]wsf sf/0f of}ghGo jf n}++lustfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f / dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg ug]{ hf]lvd x'g] x'gfn] o:tf] e"ldsf v]Ng' lgs} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . ;fy}, ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿n] ljjfbsf] dWo:ytf ubf{ /fHosf ;'/Iff tyf Gofo If]qsf -k|x/L / cbfnt h:tf_ ;+/rgfnfO{ ;a} k|sf/sf ljjfbaf/] hfgsf/L lbg] / cfk/flws d'2fx¿ pko'Qm clwsf/jfnf lgsfodf k7fpg] sfddf ;xof]u ug'{ kb{5 .

�� ljjfbf:kb ;fdflhs ljifox¿df ;+jfb / jftf{ cl3 a9fpg] sfd ug'{ kb{5 . ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿n] ;d'bfox¿, k"j{ ;'/Iff lgsfo sd{rf/L / 3/ kmls{/x]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ ljjfbf:kb ;fdflhs ljifox¿dfly v'Nnf ¿kdf 5nkmn ug{, cfˆgf ljrf/ JoQm ug{ / pko'Qm 9+un] r'gf}ltx¿nfO{ kf/ nufpg] vfnsf ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿nfO{ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf d~h'/ ug{ u/fpgsf nflu d~r tyf uf]i7Lx¿ cfof]hgf ug'{ kb{5 . ;d'bfosf dlxnf ;b:ox¿ / 3/ kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿n] 3/ kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf af/] pgLx¿ …hf];'s};Fu klg ;xjf; ug]{Ú jf …k'jf{u|xLÚ 5g\ egL km}nfOPsf xNnf / ltgsf af/] ul9Psf ldyx¿ nufotsf ljjfbf:kb ljifodf v'Nnf ¿kn] 5nkmn ug{ / o:tf unt -;f]rfO{_ nfO{ ;dfKt ug{] pkfox¿df ;xdt x'g tyf kf/:kl/s ljZjf; agfpg leGg} vfnsf d~rx¿sf] cfof]hgf ug'{ kb{5 .

� nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf ;d'bfox¿df k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] lkmtL{sf af/]df ;d'bfonfO{ ;+j]bgzLn agfpg] / 8/qf; sd u/fO{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] dfWodsf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] dfWodsf ¿kdf hf/L /flvPsf ;fdflhsLs/0f tyf cled'vLs/0f lqmofsnfk sfof{Gjog ug{ z'? ug]{¿kdf hf/L /flvPsf ;fdflhsLs/0f tyf cled'vLs/0f lqmofsnfk sfof{Gjog ug{ z'? ug]{ . hgr]tgf clej[l4 ultljlwx¿df nlIft /]l8of] sfo{qmd, kqklqsfdf n]v /rgf, ;"rgfd"ns krf{ k'l:tsf, ;8s gf6s, ;fj{hlgs uf]i7L, / o:t} cGo sfo{qmd -tof/Lsf] ;+qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0f Pj+ ;dfof]hgsf nflu hgr]tgf clej[l4 cGtu{t v08 #=@=! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd_ cflb kb{5g\ . hgr]tgf a9fpg] ;DaGwL ljifoj:t' -;Gb]zx¿_n] b'a} kIfaf6 b]lvPsf jt{dfg kl/l:ylt, ;a} g]kfnL gful/sx¿sf] clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L b'a}, / k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf af/]df / cem ljz]if u/L dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf af/]df …hf];'s};Fu klg ;xjf; ug]{Ú / …k"jf{u|xLÚ 5g\ eGg] xNnf, cfz+sf / cljZjf;nfO{ lg:t]h kfg{df hf]8 lbPsf] x'g' kb{5 . o:tf

60 ;femf ynf] <

lqmofsnfkx¿ :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfo tyf pko'Qm ;Lk ePsf ;fd'bflos ;d"xx¿, u};;, kqsf/ ;+3x¿ / kqsf/x¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{df k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ l8cf/cf]x¿n] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 . oL lqmofsnfk sfof{Gjog r/0fdf klg hf/L g} /fVg' kb{5 / logn] bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgnfO{ g} k|j4{g ug{ ;3fpF5g\ . ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿sf] :yfkgf ePkl5 ltgLx¿n] l8cf/cf]sf] ;xof]udf o:tf lqmofsnfkx¿ ul//fVgdf k|d'v e"ldsf v]Ng' kb{5 .

� kms{g nfu]sf ;a} k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu pgLx¿nfO{ kms{gsf nflu dfgl;s ¿kn] tof/ kms{gsf nflu dfgl;s ¿kn] tof/ kfg{ / ;fdflhs /;fog alnof] kfg{df clg ;d'bfodf a9L :jLsfo{ agfpgdf lqmofGd'vL kfg{ / ;fdflhs /;fog alnof] kfg{df clg ;d'bfodf a9L :jLsfo{ agfpgdf lqmofGd'vL Pj+ g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf lngdf Ifdtf a9fpg] vfnsf hf/L ;fdflhsLs/0f tyf cled'vLs/0f Pj+ g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf lngdf Ifdtf a9fpg] vfnsf hf/L ;fdflhsLs/0f tyf cled'vLs/0f tflndsf] sfof{Gjog z'? ug]{ tflndsf] sfof{Gjog z'? ug]{ . ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;dfof]hg ul/g] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'nfO{ lbOPsf tflndx¿ h:t} oL tflndn] zflGt k|lqmofsf ;DaGwdf kl/l:ylt;Fu 7\ofSs} d]n vfg] pko'Qm ;"rgf pknAw u/fPsf] x'g' kb{5 . kms{g nfu]sf k'?if / dlxnfn] ;d'bfodf kms{+bf ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{ ;d'bfosf ljleGg ;+:s[lt, ltgsf /fhgLlts cf:yf / k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf af/]df ;Defljt -unt_ ;f]rfO;Fu ;DalGwt ;Defljt r'gf}ltx¿nfO{ lqmofGd'vL, ;+j]bgzLn tyf clx+;fTds tl/sfn] s;/L ;Daf]wg ug]{ eGg] af/]df Jofjxfl/s dfu{ lgb]{zg lbg' kb{5 . k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] -l8cf/cf]sf dfWodaf6_ k|To]s SofG6f]gd]06df Ps ;dodf tL; hgf k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ u/L rf/ xKtfsf] ;dodf -tof/Lsf] of]hgf th'{df tyf ;ª\qmd0fsf] r/0fdf 3/ kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿;Fusf] e]63f6, 5nkmn / k/fdz{÷tflndsf] kfFrf}+ >[+vnf x'g] u/L_ ;fd"lxs ;+j]bLs/0f tflnd -k|To]snfO{ tLg 306f_ sf] sfof{Gjog sfo{sf] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 . oL tflndx¿sf] sfof{Gjog pko'Qm ;Lk ePsf u};;,:yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿, ;fd'bflos ;d"xx¿ / dfcf]jfbL ;]gf;Fu ;xsfo{df ug'{kb{5 .

� ;d'bfo / 3/ kmls{/x]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf aLr pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt tgfj Joj:yfkg ;d'bfo / 3/ kmls{/x]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf aLr pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt tgfj Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu :yfgLo lgsfo / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ -vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/L tyf ;z:q k|x/L an_ ug{sf nflu :yfgLo lgsfo / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ -vf;u/L g]kfn k|x/L tyf ;z:q k|x/L an_ nfO{ hf/L ;+j]bLs/0f tyf dWo:ytf ug]{ ;DaGwL tflndsf] sfof{Gjog k|f/De ug]{ nfO{ hf/L ;+j]bLs/0f tyf dWo:ytf ug]{ ;DaGwL tflndsf] sfof{Gjog k|f/De ug]{ . o;sf ;fy} ;d'bfonfO{ k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] lkmtL{ ;DaGwdf tof/L cj:yfdf /fVgsf nflu k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf sf/0fn] ;d'bfodf pTkGg x'g ;Sg] tgfjsf nflu :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿nfO{ klg tof/L cj:yfdf /fVg' cfjZos x'G5 . x'g t ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf ljk/Lt ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿n] g} ljjfbdf dWo:ytf ug'{ plrt x'g ;S5, tyflk kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ n8fs'x¿s} aLrdf s]xL 7fpFdf tgfj x'g ;Sg] b]lvPsfn] s'g} s'g} dfdnfdf tL d'2f ;DxfNgdf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] e"ldsf ckl/xfo{ xG5 . To;f] ePsf] x'gfn] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿nfO{ pTkGg x'g ;Sg] tgfjx¿sf k|sf/ / ltgsf] ;'g'jfO s;/L ;+j]bgzLntfk"j{s, clx+;fTds / t6:y ¿kdf ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df tflnd lbg' kb{5 .

dWo:ytf;DaGwL tflndsf sIffx¿ nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf k|ToIf ¿kdf ;'/Iff ;]jf lbg] / ;d'bfodf sfo{/t ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf sd{rf/L -ljz]if u/L g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L ansf clws[t tx_ sf nflu lbOg' kb{5 . ;dfof]hg cfof]un] lg:kIf ;'/Iff lj1x¿ tyf pko'Qm ;Lk ePsf gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfx¿ / :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{df o; tflndsf] ;+of]hg ug'{kb{5 . sfof{Gjog r/0fdf klg o:tf] ;+j]bLs/0f tyf dWo:ytf ;DaGwL tflnd lg/Gt/ hf/L /fVg'kb{5 / ;dfof]hg sfo{qmdsf] Ps c+zsf ¿kdf ;'emfj lbOP cg';f/ of] tflnd dWo:ytf ;DaGwL tflnddf vlK6g klg ;Qm5 -v08 #=@=@=!_ .

� k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ kmls{g'cl3 åGå sfndf ;d'bfon] u/]sf cg'ejx¿sf] klxrfg ug{ / ;d'bfodf clxn];Dd Wofg glbOPsf uDeL/ kL8f ef]lu/x]sf dflg;x¿ slt 5g\ / kL8fsf] ulx/fO{ slt;Dd 5 egL kQf nufpg' kb{5 . o;n] k'g:yf{kgsf] Ps kIfsf ¿kdf, kmls{/x]sf k"j{ n8fs'x¿k|ltsf] ;d'bfosf] s] s:tf wf/0ff tyf k"jf{u|x ljBdfg 5g\, åGåhGo kL8fsf] k|sf/ tyf :t/ clg ;b\efj a9fpg] ultljlwsf] sfof{Gjog s;/L ug]{ To;tkm{ ;+s]t ub{5 . o;sf ;fy} o;n] sfof{Gjog r/0fdf JolQmut tyf ;d"xut ¿kdf lbOg] k/fdz{ ;]jf :yfkgf ug{sf nflu rflxg] k[i7e"ld;DaGwL ;"rgfx¿ klg pknAw u/fpF5 -tn x]g'{xf];\_ . k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] -lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[t, dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{bftf / lhNnf cg'udg clws[tsf dfWodaf6_ o:tf d"Nof+sgnfO{ pko'Qm ;Lk ePsf gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfx¿ -u};;, ;fd'bflos ;d"xx¿ nufot_ tyf :yflkt ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿sf] ;xof]u lnP/ ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug{] sfo{qmdsf] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 .

� n8fs'x¿nfO{ dgf];fdflhs kL8faf/] af]w u/fpg] M ;d'bfodf kmls{g'cl3 g}, vf; u/L] dgf];fdflhs kL8fsf nIf0fx¿ b]vfpg]] k'?if n8fs'x¿;Fu ufFl;Psf nf~5gfnfO{ sd ug{]

#=#=*=$ dgf];fdflhs dgf];fdflhs k'g:yf{kg tyf :jf:Yo k'g:yf{kg tyf :jf:Yo

;]jf;]jf

;]km/jN8{ 61

!(% åGåf]Q/ kl/l:yltdf k'?if k"j{ n8fs'x¿ efj'stfk"0f{ cleJolQm tyf k'?iffy{ b]vfpg] vfnsf ;f+:s[lts dfGotfsf sf/0f cBflk Wofg glbOPsf dgf];fdflhs kL8faf6 a9L dfqfdf u'lh|/x]sf 5g\ . vfnL xft ;d'bfodf kmls{g' k/]sf] x'gfn] / ;fF:s[lts ¿kn] /f]6L sdfpg] / kl/jf/ kfNg] lgwf{l/t] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ …c;kmnÚ ePsfn] pgLx¿df xLgtfaf]wsf sf/0f To:tf] kL8fnfO{ cem} b'bf{Gt agfOlbG5 . k'?ifsf, ljz]if u/L 3/ kms]{sf gjo'jsx¿sf, dgf];fdflhs cfjZostfx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ g;s]sf v08df To;n] of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f, dlb/f ;]jg tyf nfu' cf}ifw b'Jo{;gsf] dfqf cem g/fd|f];Fu a9\g] ;Defjgf /xG5 . k|sf/fGt/n] o;n] ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iff / kfl/jfl/s cv08tfnfO{ r'gf}lt v8f ub{5 .

tyf ;dembf/L a9fpg] qmddf, ;+j]bgzLn t'Nofpg] Pj+ r]tgf a9fpg] vfnsf sfo{qmd tof/ ul//fVg' h?/L x'G5 .!(%!(% o;n] sfof{Gjog r/0fdf k'g:yf{Kg Kofs]hsf] c+zsf ¿kdf pgLx¿nfO{ JolQmut tyf ;d"xut k/fdz{ ;]jfdf ;xefuL x'gsf nflu tof/L cj:yfdf /xg dbt k'¥ofpF5 . lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tx¿n] tof/Lsf] ;ª\qmd0f sfn tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fdf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ lbOg] ;fdflhsLs/0f tyf cled'vLs/0f tflndsf] Ps cª\usf ¿kdf pko'Qm ;Lk ePsf gful/s ;dfhsf sfo{stf{ -u};;, ;fd'bflos ;d"xx¿ tyf dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ s]Gb|x¿_ tyf dfcf]jfbL ;]gf;Fu ldn]/ o:tf ;+j]bLs/0f lqmofsnfksf] ;+of]hg ug'{kb{5 -dflysf] v08 #=#=*=$ x]g'{xf];\_ . k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu sfd ug]{ lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tx¿ / dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{bftfx¿n] dgf];fdflhs kL8f klxrfg ug]{ tflnd lnPsf] x'g' kb{5 / dgf];fdflhs kL8fsf] klxrfg tyf pkrf/sf nflu k'g:yf{kg cfof]usf] :jf:Yo tyf dgf];fdflhs l6d;Fu lgs6 /xL sfd ug'{ kb{5 .

� :jf:Yo;DaGwL cfjZostfsf] klxrfg ug]{ M clxn];Dd Wofg glbOPsf t/ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ kg]{ k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL cfjZostfx¿ klxrfg ug'{ kb{5 . ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f ;+sng sfo{sf] Ps c+zsf ¿kdf jt{dfg n8fs'x¿;Fu 5nkmn u/]/ o:tf cfjZostfx¿sf] klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 -x]g'{xf];\ dflysf] v08 #=#=*=!_ . o:tf] klxrfgsf] sfd :jf:Yo dGqfno;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L ;+of]hg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L k'g:yf{kg cfof]u cGtu{tsf] :jf:Yo tyf dgf];fdflhs l6dn] -lhNNff k'g:yf{kg clws[t, dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{bftf / lhNnf cg'udg clws[tsf] dfWodaf6_ lng' kb{5 . o;df :jf:Yo ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf nflu s] s] sdL 5 egL kQf nufpg nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf /x]sf :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] Ifdtfsf] cfsng / sfof{Gjog r/0fdf :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] Ifdtf a9fpg s] s] ug'{ k5{ egL klxrfg ug]{ sfd klg kb{5g\ . cfly{s k'g:yf{kgsf nflu dfly pNn]v ul/Psf / cg';Gwfgaf6 kQf nfu]sf jt{dfg k'?if / dlxnf n8fs'x¿ b'a}sf ljleGg OR5f cfsf+Iffx¿ k|ltlalDat ug]{ vfnsf ljleGg ljsNkx¿ lbOg' kb{5 .

/f]huf/df kms{g rfxg]x¿sf nflu

� ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgsf a]nf tNnf] :t/sf k]zfsf nflu dfq Jofj;flos tflndtflnd lbOPsf] eGg] ;f]rfO{ b]lvPsf] r'gf}ltaf6 l;Sb} -cg';"lr !_, tof/Lsf] ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fdf /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo >d ahf/sf cfjZostfsf] klxrfgsf dfWodaf6 kQf nufOPsf cfly{s cj;/x¿ cg';f/ Jofj;flos tflnd lbOg' kb{5 . o:tf tflnd ;Dej eP;Dd jt{dfg k'?if / dlxnf n8fs'x¿ b'a}nfO{ :jLsfo{ x'g] u/L pRr :t/sf / ;Ddfghgs -xfnnfO{, k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf ck]Iffx¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L lsl;dn] Jojl:yt ul/Psf]af/] dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] tof/Lsf] ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fdf ul/Psf 5nkmn ubf{ jt{dfg cly{s ahf/ tyf ah]6sf] sdLaf/] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ /fd|/L hfgsf/L u/fpg' kb{5_ /f]huf/sf nflu lbOg' kb{5 . logdf OlGhgLol/ª, KnlDaª / ljB't\;DaGwL sfd -k'?ifsf] vf; cle?lr b]lvPsf] x'gfn]_, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, lzIf0f tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf -k'?if tyf dlxnf b'a}sf] cle?lr b]lvPsf] x'gfn]_, / ;fd'bflos kl/rfng tyf ;fdflhs sfo{ - dlxnfsf] vf; cle?lr b]lvPsf] x'gfn]_ df bIf >lds pTkfbg ;DaGwL tflnd kb{5g\ . o;sf ;fy}, Jofj;f;os tflndn] s]lGb|t ug'{ kg]{ s'g s'g ljz]if k]zfut Joj;fo tyf If]q 5g\ egL kQf nufpg :yfgLo ahf/sf cfjZostf klxrfg, /fli6«o >d ahf/sf cfjZostf klxrfg tyf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ / ;d'bfox¿;Fu ;ª\qmd0f tyf of]hgf tof/L r/0fdf ul/Psf 5nkmnx¿n] dbt u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 . ;xefuLx¿nfO{ /f]huf/L gePsf] cj:yfdf Jofj;flos tflnd lnO/x]sf] cjlwe/sf nflu pgLx¿ -/ pgLx¿sf]] kl/jf/ wfGgsf nflu lgjf{x j[lQ/sd pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgsf a]nf v]Kg' k/]sf] r'gf}ltaf6 l;Sg'kg]{ csf]{ Ps s'/f xf], clxn] lbg] ul/Psf] k|lt dxLgf ¿= # xhf/df a9fP/ dfl;s j[lQ /sd lbg' kb{5 -/ To;eGbf sd ePdf /xg] a:g / vfgkLg tyf hLljsf rnfpgsf nflu eQf yk]/ lbg' kb{5_ . k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] -k'g:yf{kg clws[tsf] dfWodaf6_ u};;x¿, :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿, Joj;foL If]q / lghL Jofj;flos tflnd k|lti7fgx¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{df Jofj;flos tflnd lbg] sfdsf] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 .

� bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/Lsf] Uof/]06L lbg] k|of; ug'{kg]{bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/Lsf] Uof/]06L lbg] k|of; ug'{kg]{ M j:t'tM tflnd ;lsO;s]kl5 a]/f]huf/Lsf] vt/f, xLgtfaf]w tyf ;z:q ;d"xdf hfg] vt/fnfO{ kG5fpgsf nflu k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf

#=#=(= sfof{Gjogsf] r/0f sfof{Gjogsf] r/0f

#=#=(=!= cfly{s k'g:yf{kg cfly{s k'g:yf{kg

62 ;femf ynf] <

cfsfª\Iff;Fu ldNbfh'Nbf /f]huf/Lsf If]qsf lglDt Uof/]06L lbg] u/L Jofj;flos tflnd pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgsf] cg'ejn] Psftkm{ o; l;kmfl/zsf] sfof{Gjog ug'{sf] dxTjnfO{ hf]8 lbG5g\ eg] csf]{tkm{ pgLx¿nfO{ :jfanDaL aGg k|f]T;flxt ug'{sf ;fy} /fHon] pgLx¿nfO{ ;a} s'/f lbg ;Qm}g eGg] s'/faf/] ;r]t u/fpF5g\ . ;d'bfodf kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] Jofj;flos tflnd k"/f ePkl5 k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] pgLx¿sf nflu /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ kQf nufpg] k|lqmofsf] ;xhLs/0f ug'{ kb{5 -;s];Dd pgLx¿nfO{ :jLsf/ x'g] vfnsf egL klxrfg ul/Psf_ / o:tf] k|lqmof :yfgLo tyf /fli6«o >d ahf/ ljZn]if0f Pj+ lghL If]q / s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf ;DalGwt dGqfnox¿÷ ljefux¿;Fu s—s;n] /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf ug{ / pknAw u/fpg ;S5g\ egL ul/Psf 5nkmn / k/fdz{df cfwfl/t x'g' kb{5 .

� cfjZos k/]sf 7fpFdf ;]jf k|bfosx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ cfjZos k/]sf 7fpFdf ;]jf k|bfosx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ clxn]sf Jofj;flos tflnd lbO/x]sf ;+:yfx¿ tyf tof/Lsf] ;+qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df cjlwdf ul/Psf] nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf /x]sf Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ :yfgLo :t/sf ;+:yfx¿sf] d"Nof+sgsf] glthfsf cfwf/df ljBdfg tflnd k|bfos tyf Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ ;+:yfx¿nfO{ yk k"/s tflnd tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostf kg{ ;S5 / pgLx¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h cGtu{t Jofj;flos tflnd÷ cfo cfh{g sfo{qmd ;DaGwL ;Lk lbg' kg]{ x'g ;Qm5 . :yfgLo :t/df ljBdfg tflnd ;+:yfx¿;Fu Jofj;flos k|lzIf0f lbg ;Sg] Ifdtf gePsf] cj:yfdf gofF Jofj;flos k|lzIf0f s]Gb| jf k|lti7fgx¿sf] :yfkgf ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] -k'g:yf{kg clws[tsf] dfWodaf6_ Jofj;flos k|lzIf0f ÷Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ ;+:yfg jf k|lti7fgx¿sf] nflu Ifdtf ljsf; lqmofsnfksf] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 / ÷ jf cfjZos k/]sf] v08df pko'Qm ;Lk ePsf gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfx¿ tyf lghL If]q;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L gofF Jofj;flos k|lzIf0f s]Gb|÷ k|lti7fgx¿sf] :yfkgf ug'{ kb{5 .

� s}of}+ jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] cfˆgf] cle?lr JoQm u/]em}+ pgLx¿nfO{ cfˆg} Joj;fo yfNg jf cfˆg} Joj;fo yfNg jf ;xsf/Lx¿ :yfkgf ug{ tflnd lbg] ;xsf/Lx¿ :yfkgf ug{ tflnd lbg] gful/s hLjgdf kmls{;s]sf s]xL k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_ sf ;sf/fTds cg'ejx¿sf cfwf/df, pgLx¿n] ;kmntfk"j{s cfˆg} ;xsf/Lx¿ :yfkgf ul/;s]sf] x'gfn], o; ljsNknfO{ klg cl3 a9fpg' kb{5 . tflnddf Joj;fonfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf :yfkgf ug{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ Jofjxfl/s ;Lk lbg' kb{5 . tof/Lsf] ;ª\qmd0f sfn tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fdf ;DkGg ul/Psf] :yfgLo ahf/sf cfjZostfx¿sf] klxrfgsf] glthfsf cfwf/df :yfgLo ÷ /fli6«o ahf/df s:tf s:tf Joj;fosf] dfu /x]sf] 5 / lghL If]qn] s:tf vfnsf pBf]ux¿sf] dfu ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] af/] af6f] b]vfpg] sfd klg ug'{ kb{5 -v08 #=#=*=@_ . k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] -k'g:yf{kg clws[tsf] dfWodaf6_ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿, :yfgLo lgsfox¿, Joj;foL If]q / lghL Jofj;flos k|lzIf0f s]Gb|÷ k|lti7fgx¿;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L tflnd lbg] sfo{sf] ;+of]hg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lng' kb{5 .

� afnaflnsf ;fy} Psn dlxnf jf ljjflxt k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ cfly{s k'g:yf{kgsf afnaflnsf ;fy} Psn dlxnf jf ljjflxt k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ cfly{s k'g:yf{kgsf ljsNkx¿df kx'Frsf nflu ;xfotf k'¥ofpg ;+oGq :yfkgf ug]{ ljsNkx¿df kx'Frsf nflu ;xfotf k'¥ofpg ;+oGq :yfkgf ug]{ Jofj;flos tflnd k'g:yf{kg ljsNkdf kfl/jfl/s ;xof]u ;]jf ;dfj]z gul/Psf sf/0fn] -cg';"lr !_ ljbf ul/Psf dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf] ;xeflutfdf b]lvPsf] r'gf}ltnfO{ b[li6ut u/L dlxnfx¿nfO{ cfly{s hLjgdf a9L g} lqmofzLn tyf ;Ifd agfpg o:tf ;'ljwf :yfkgf ug'{ kb{5 . k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf ;a} ljsNkdf lognfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 . kfl/jfl/s :yfoLTj;Fu s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ;Demf}tf ljgf afnaflnsfsL cfdf Psn dlxnf tyf ljjflxt k"j{ -of]Uo / ÷ jf ljbf ul/Psf_ n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 /, pgLx¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿af6 lbOPsf tflnd tyf /f]huf/sf cj;/x¿df ;xefuL x'g lbOg' kb{5 . ljbf ul/Psf dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] n3' pBdsf] ljsNk /f]Hg ;sf/fTds b]lvPsf] x'gfn] p:t} ;xof]u pknAw u/fOPsf :yfgdf, ljBfno hfg] pd]/ geO{;s]sf afnaflnsfx¿sf nflu ;d'bfodf afn :ofxf/ s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf, b'w] lzz'x¿sf nflu ljz]if vfgf, ue{jtL dlxnf / ;'Ts]/L dlxnfx¿sf nflu yk -kf]if0fo'Qm vfgf_ ;xof]u tyf pgLx¿ / pgLx¿sf afnaflnsfx¿sf nlfu cf}ifwL ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿k|ltsf] Oiof{ / /f]ifsf] efjgf x6fpg Jofks ;d'bfonfO{ ;d]t nfe k'¥ofpg] ePsfn] oL s]Gb|x¿ dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . ;a} k|sf/sf k'g:yf{kgsf ljsNkdf ;xefuL eO;s]sf afnaflnsf ;lxtsL Psn dlxnfx¿ tyf ljjflxt k"j{ -of]Uo /÷jf ljbf ul/ ;lsPsf_ n8fs'x¿ / ltgsf ;a} kl/jf/nfO{ hLjg wfGgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ vr{ :j?k kof{Kt dfqfdf kl/jf/ eQf lbg' kb{5 . If]qLo s]Gb|df /x]sf tflnd s]Gb|x¿;Dd hfg nfdf] b"/Lsf] ofqf ug{sf nflu kl/jf/x¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ cem a9L eQfsf] Joj:yf klg ug{'kb{5 . o:tf ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ug{sf nflu gful/s ;dfhsf sfo{stf{ tyf :yfgLo lgsfox¿;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L ;+of]hg ug{{ k'g:yf{kg cfof]u lhDd]jf/ x'g' kb{5 .

;]km/jN8{ 63

� ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL If]qdf sfd ug{sf nflu cled'vLs/0f ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL If]qdf sfd ug{sf nflu cled'vLs/0f k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL If]qdf /f]huf/Lsf nflu dfgl;s ¿kdf tof/ kfg{ cled'vLs/0f -pbfx/0fsf nflu ;xefuLx¿nfO{ Jofj;flos ;+u7gsf] cfrf/ ;+lxtfaf/] hfgsf/L lbg_ tflnd lbOg' kb{5 . k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] o:tf lqmofsnfk pko'Qm ;Lk ePsf gful/s ;dfhsf sfo{stf{:yfgLo lgsfox¿ tyf lghL If]q;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L lgu/fgL ul//fVg' kb{5 .

Jofj;flos tflnd jf /f]huf/L grfxg]x¿sf nflu

� s]xL jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] cfˆg} Joj;fo z'? ug{, ljb]zdf sfd ug{ jf /fhgLlts hLjg z'? ug{ rfx]sf] / To;sf nflu pgLx¿nfO{ d2t ug{ Psd'i7 gub /sdPsd'i7 gub /sd rflxPsf] atfP tfklg o; k|ltj]bgdf o:tf] ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg l;kmfl/z ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}gk|ltj]bgdf o:tf] ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg l;kmfl/z ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g . cGo kl/l:yltaf6 k|fKt k|df0fx¿n] s] b]vfPsf 5g\ eg] Psd'i7 /sd lbgfn] k'g:yf{kgsf] ;kmntfdf sl7gfO{ pTkGg ub{5 . lsgeg] k"j{ n8fs'x¿n] To:tf] Psd'i7 gub /sd lnPkl5 cfˆgf cfl>tx¿nfO{ a/fa/ kmfObf gk'¥ofpg] clek|fon] bL3{sfnLg kmfObf k'Ug] sfddf d'lZsn}n] nufgL u/]sf] b]lvPsfn] o;n] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofnfO{ 5Nglt/ pGd'v u/fpg ;Sg] x'G5 . o;sf ;fy}, gub /sd lbgfn] k"j{ n8fs'x¿ kms{g] ;d'bfox¿dfem k|foMh;f] ljefhg / ltQmtf l;h{gf ub{5 eg] c?nfO{ lx+;f / ck/fw ug{df ;xefuL ePkl5 k};f kfOG5 eGg] vt/gfs ;Gb]z klg lbG5 . kmn:j?k, gub /sd lbPdf To;n] g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ vt/f pTkGg x'g] hf]lvd x'G5 . o;sf] ljsNkdf o; v08df ul/Psf] l;kmfl/zdf elgP em}+ Jofj;flos tflnd, /f]huf/ / ÷jf lzIffdf kx'Fr a9fpg ;lhnf] kfg{sf nflu ;fdflhs tyf dgf];fdflhs ;b\efj / d]nldnfk k'g:yf{kg ug'{ kb{5 .

g/fd|f];Fu 3fOt] jf ckfª\u ePsfx¿sf nflu

� bL3{sfnLg k]G;gsf] Kofs]h pknAw u/fpg]bL3{sfnLg k]G;gsf] Kofs]h pknAw u/fpg] . k|ltj]bgdf /]vfª\lst ul/P em}+ cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf a]:;/L 3fOt] ePsf jf ckfª\u ePsf clwsf+z jt{dfg n8fs'x¿n] /f]huf/df kx'Fr /fVg cfkm"x¿ ;Ifd gePsf] x'gfn] cfhLjg k]G;gsf] Joj:yf ug{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP . ;/sf/, dfcf]jfbL ;]gf / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] ;xdlt hgfPsf] of]Uotfsf] dfkb08sf cfwf/df o; ljsNknfO{ klg Wofgdf /fVg' kb{5 . tgfj pTkGg x'g glbgsf nflu ;'/Iff lgsfosf k"j{ sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ klg o:tf] ;xof]usf nflu of]Uo dflgg' kb{5 . k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tsf dfWodaf6 gful/s ;dfh, ;/sf/sf ;DalGwt dGqfnox¿, :yfgLo lgsfox¿, dfcf]jfbL ;]gf / /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L k]G;g Kofs]h tof/ ug]{ tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfdsf] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 . ;/sf/n] k]G;g Kofs]hsf nflu cfly{s rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfpg' kb{5 of t bft{ lgsfox¿sf] ;xof]u vf]Hg' kb{5 .

� g/fd|f];Fu 3fOt] jf ckfª\u ePsfx¿sf nflu /f]huf/Lsf ljsNkx¿sf] l;h{gf ug]{g/fd|f];Fu 3fOt] jf ckfª\u ePsfx¿sf nflu /f]huf/Lsf ljsNkx¿sf] l;h{gf ug]{ x'g t s]xL ckfª\u ePsf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu /f]huf/L kfpg zf/Ll/s sf/0fn] lgs} sl7g x'g]5 tyflk cGo k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu /f]huf/Lsf ljsNk x'g]5g\ . 3fOt] / ckfª\u k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿df cfkm" sfd gnfUg] ePsf] cg'e"lt x'g uO{ xLgtfaf]w x'g] ;Defjgf b]v]/ dfq To:tf] ;DefjgfnfO{ kG5fpgsf nflu geO{ ;Dej eP;Dd /f]huf/ g} lbg' h?/L 5 . :yfgLo :t/df JolQm JolQmsf ;d:ofnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ n8fs'x¿;Fusf] k/fdz{ lnO{ /f]huf/sf cj;/ tyf Jofj;flos tflndsf] pko'Qm ->dsf] :yfgLo dfu cg';f/_ ljsNk pknAw u/fpg' k5{ . /f]huf/sf ljsNkx¿ ;d'bfosf] /;fognfO{ b[li6ut u/L -h:t} ;xsf/L_ :yfgLo ckfª\ux¿sf cfjZostfx¿;Fu hf]8]/ l;h{gf ug'{ kb{5 . o;n] ;d'bfonfO{ k/:k/df cfa4 ug{ dbt k'¥ofpF5 . o:tf] k/fdz{ lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tn] pko'Qm ;Lk kfPsf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿, ;fd'bflos ;d"xx¿, :yfgLo lgsfox¿, Joj;fo If]qsf g]tfx¿ / Jofj;flos k|lzIf0f ;+:yfgx¿;Fu ldn]/ ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 . /f]huf/df kxF'r a9fpg / clzlIft k"j{ n8fs'x¿df cfTd ;Ddfg a9fpg pgLx¿nfO{ lzIffdf kms{g] / -P;\Pn\;L h:tf]_ of]Uotf xfl;n ug{] cj;/ pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .

lzIffdf kms{g rfxg]x¿sf nflu

� lzIff sIffx¿sf ljsNk pknAw u/fpg] / vf; vf; of]Uotfsf nflu sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ lzIff sIffx¿sf ljsNk pknAw u/fpg] / vf; vf; of]Uotfsf nflu sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿dWo] w]/}n] cf}krfl/s lzIffdf kms{gdf xLgtfaf]w u/]sfn] To:tf] cg'e"ltnfO{ lrg{sf nflu nlrnf] z}lIfs df]8fln6Lx¿ pknAw u/fpg' k5{ . pbfx/0fsf nflu lzIff dGqfno;Fu ;DGjo u/L ;fo+sfnLg -/fqL _ sIff jf n8fs'x¿sf nflu dfq leGg} sIff ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿df ul/Psf] lzIffsf] Joj:yfaf6 l;Sg] xf] eg] To;n] /fd|} sfd u/]sf] b]lvG5 / cfkm"n] 5fg]sf] -;/sf/L jf lghL _ ljBfnodf sIff lng ;Sg] u/L lzIff pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] -lhNnf

64 ;femf ynf] <

!(^ ;fd'bflos ;'/Iffsf] klxrfgdf hjfkmb]xL 9ª\un] ePsf l;kmfl/zx¿ -v08 @=@=#=%_ ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgfsf] klxrfgdf pQ/bfoL ;r]ttfsf nflu ePsf l;kmfl/zx¿ -v08 @=@=#=#_ df vlK6g] kl/0ffdsf] ?kdf ;dflji6 jf ;+of]lht ePsf 5g\ ..

k'g:yf{kg clws[tsf] dfWodaf6_ lzIff sIffx¿ pknAw u/fpg] sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L lng' kb{5 / o;sf nflu lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tn] :yfgLo lgsfox¿, lzIff dGqfno, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿, ;fd'bflos ;d"xx¿ / ;/sf/L ÷ lghL ljBfno ÷ z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;xsfo{ tyf ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 .

hGdbtf{ k|df0fkq, gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq tyf ljjfx btf{ k|df0fkq kfpgdf ;xof]u rflxg]x¿sf nflu

� ;a} k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ -ljbf ul/Psf, :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf n8fs'x¿, k"j{ ;'/Iff lgsfo sd{rf/L tyf ;du| ;d'bfo _ nfO{ hGd, gful/stf, tyf ljjfx btf{sf] k|df0fkq kfpg bvf{:t lbgsf nflu ;xof]u ug{ ;+oGqx¿sf] :yfkgf ug]{ . cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf clwsf+z jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿n] cfkm";Fu o:tf k|df0fkq gx'Fbf hUff hldg ÷;DklQ tyf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/df kx'Fr /fVg g;s]sf]n] ;f¥x} sl7gfO{ k/]sf] atfPsf lyP . k|To]s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf Pshgf tflndk|fKt sd{rf/LnfO{ vf;u/L o:tf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ -ljbf ul/Psf tyf :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf n8fs'x¿, k"j{ ;'/Iff sd{rf/L tyf ;du| ;d'bfo_ nfO{ k|df0fkq kfpgsf nflu bvf{:t lbg] k|lqmof / bvf{:t kmf/fd eg{df ;xof]u ug]{ u/L v6fpg' kb{5 . o; sfdsf nflu cfly{s ;|f]t h'6fpg], kbsf] b/aGbL l;h{gf ug{] / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf o:tf] ;]jfsf] :yfkgf ug{] lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/n] lng' kb{5 . k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] -lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[t / lhNnf cg'udg clws[tsf] dfWodaf6_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx¿df o:tf] ;]jf :yfkgf ug{ :yfgLo lgsfox¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ / ;]jfsf] cg'udg ug{sf nflu ;Lko'Qm gful/s ;dfhsf sfo{stf{;Fu ;xsfo{ ug'{ kb{5 . ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿, jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ tyf gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] ;b\efj / d]nldnfksf sfo{qmdx¿sf] bL3{sfnLg dxTjdfly hf]8 lbPsf lyP . ax';+Vosn] ;d'bfox¿ -vf;u/L åGå sfndf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfaf6 a9L k|efljt ePsf_ / ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ -ljbf ul/Psf, :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf / of]Uo_ n8fs'x¿sf aLrdf åGåhGo k"jf{u|xaf6 d'Qm x'g / k|efjsf/L lsl;dsf] kf/:kl/s ljZjf; lgdf{0f ug{ sDtLdf b; jif{ nfUg] atfPsf lyP . o; k|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ lgDgfg';f/sf l;kmfl/zdf Wofg lbg' clt cfjZos 5 .

� kf/:kl/s ;b\efj ÷ ljZjf; lgdf{0f ÷ dWo:ytf ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿ ug{]{ Ifdtf a9fpg kf/:kl/s ;b\efj ÷ ljZjf; lgdf{0f ÷ dWo:ytf ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿ ug{]{ Ifdtf a9fpg ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿nfO{ cled'vLs/0f tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿nfO{ cled'vLs/0f tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ tof/Lsf] ;ª\qmd0f sfn tyf of]hgf th'{dfsf] r/0fdf ul/Psf] d"Nofª\sgsf cfwf/df sxfFlg/ s] s:tf] Ifdtfsf] sdL klxrfg ul/Psf] lyof], cfjZostf cg';f/ kf/:kl/s ;b\efj ÷ ljZjf; lgdf{0f ÷ dWo:ytf ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿ ug{]{ Ifdtf a9fpg ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿sf] cled'vLs/0f tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug'{ kb{5 . vf;u/L To:tf ;ldlt :yfkgf ePkl5 ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltsf ;a} ;b:ox¿ cled'vLs/0f tflnddf ;xefuL x'g' kb{5 . o; tflndn] ;ldltsf p2]Zo, ;ldltx¿ Jofks k'g:yf{kg k|lqmof tyf /fli6«o / lhNnf k'g:yf{kg cfof]ux¿;Fu s;/L hf]l8G5g\, ltgsf e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/L s] s] x'g\ / tL s;/L ;~rflnt x'G5g\ eGg]af/] hfgsf/L lbg' kb{5 . k|To]s ;ldltnfO{ tLgj6f cled'vLs/0f tflnd sfo{zfnf cfof]hgf ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} ;ldltsf ;a} ;b:ox¿nfO{ dWo:ytf, ljZjf; lgdf{0f tyf d]nldnfk sfod ug]{ cEof; tflnd klg lbg' kb{5 . o;sf nflu ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ b'O{ dxLgfsf] ;doleq tflnd / sfo{zfnfsf] z[ª\vnfdf ;xefuL x'g' kb{5 . ;ldltsf ;a} ;b:ox¿n] ;dfg Jofj;flos dfkb08 tyf ltgsf] ;~rfngdf Ps¿ktfsf nflu pxL tflnd lng' kb{5 . k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] -lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tsf dfWodaf6_ pko'Qm ;Lk kfPsf gful/s ;dfhsf sfo{stf{ tyf :yfgLo lgsfox¿;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L Ifdtf clej[l4 tyf cled'vLs/0fsf lqmofsnfksf] ;dGjo ug{] lhDd]jf/L lng' kb{5 .

� ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ tyf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿÷:yfgLo lgsfox¿sf ;d'bfodf kms{g nfu]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ tyf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿÷:yfgLo lgsfox¿sf nflu ;+qmd0fsf] cjlwdf z'? ul/Psf ;fdflhsLs/0f tyf cled'vLs/0f lqmofsnfkx¿ nflu ;+qmd0fsf] cjlwdf z'? ul/Psf ;fdflhsLs/0f tyf cled'vLs/0f lqmofsnfkx¿ ;d'bfodf lg/Gt/ hf/L /fVg' kb{5;d'bfodf lg/Gt/ hf/L /fVg' kb{5 . sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fdf o:tf lqmofsnfk vf; u/L k"j{ of]Uo n8fs' kms{]kl5 pTkGg ePsf ljjfbd"ns ljifox¿df s]lGb|t ug'{ kb{5 . logdf ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] c:jLsf/ u/]sf v08df, ljZjf;sf] lgdf{0f ug{df / ;+j]bgzLn tl/sfn] ljBdfg dtleGgtfx¿nfO{ ;dfKt ug]{ h:tf ljifo kg{ ;Qm5g\ . sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fdf o:tf dfdnf lng] sfdsf] g]t[Tj ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldlt, :yfgLo lgsfo tyf pko'Qm ;Lk kfPsf gful/s ;dfhsf sfo{stf{ nufot u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ / ldl8of ;+u7gx¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{df lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tn] ug'{ kb{5 .

#=#=(=@ ;fdflhs ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgk'g:yf{kg!(^!(^

;]km/jN8{ 6565

� ;d'bfodf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu ;xfotf ;d"xx¿sf] u7g ;d'bfodf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu ;xfotf ;d"xx¿sf] u7g u/]/ klg ;fdflhsLs/0f tflndsf nflu k"/s sfd ug'{ kb{5 . :yfgLo kl/l:ylt tyf dfusf cfwf/df k'?if, dlxnf tyf g/fd|/L 3fOt] ÷ckfª\u ePsfx¿sf nflu 5'§f5'§} ;xfotf ;d"xx¿ :yfkgf ug'{ kb{5 . ;xfotf ;d"xx¿sf] a}7s lgoldt ¿kdf a:g' kb{5 / To;n] ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg Pj+ kf/:kl/s ;xof]usf] jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ug{df cf—cfˆgf cg'ejsf] cfbfg —k|bfg tyf ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf r'gf}ltx¿af/] 5nkmn u/L Ps —csf]{nfO{ dbt ug]{ pkfox¿ kQf nufpgsf nflu d~r pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . o:tf ;d"xx¿n] ;d'bfodf kms]{sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ dgf];fdflhs / efjgfTds ;xof]u pknAw u/fpgdf ;d]t dbt k'¥ofpg ;Qm5g\ . ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿n] o:tf ;d"xsf] :yfkgf ug{ lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tx¿, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿, ;fd'bflos ;d"xx¿ tyf :yfgLo lgsfox¿sf] ;xof]u lng' kb{5 . ;d"xsf p2]Zo k|i6 kfg{, a}7s a:g] :yfgsf] ef8f Aoxf]g{, oftfoft tyf o:t} cGo cTofjZos sfdsf nflu z'? z'?df k|f/lDes cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . To;kl5 o:tf ;d"x a9LeGbf a9L dfqfdf :jo+ sfd ug{ ;Ifd x'g' k5{ . dlxnfx¿sf nflu ;xfotf ;d"xx¿ ;xeflutf a9fpgsf nflu pgLx¿sf cGo kfl/jfl/s tyf 3/]n' ljifo;Fu gaflemg] u/L Ps} k6s ;+ul7t ug'{ kb{5 . lhNnf cg'udg clws[tx¿n] ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿;Fu ldn]/ o:tf ;d"xx¿sf] cg'udg ug'{ kb{5 .

� ;d'bfo, ;'/Iff lgsfosf k"j{ sd{rf/L tyf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf lglDt dgf];fdflhs ;d'bfo, ;'/Iff lgsfosf k"j{ sd{rf/L tyf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf lglDt dgf];fdflhs kL8f;DaGwL k/fdz{ ;d"xx¿ pknAw u/fpg] kL8f;DaGwL k/fdz{ ;d"xx¿ pknAw u/fpg] . ;xefuLx¿n] o:tf ;]jfx¿ kfpg lgs} 6f9f hfg' gkg]{ u/L ;d'bfod} pknAw ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{ :yfgLo :t/df JolQmut tyf ;d"xut k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg' kb{5 . ljbfO{ ul/;lsPsf n8fs'x¿sf nflu k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿af6 lbOPsf dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;]jf ;]jf lng]x¿n] kfFr If]qLo s]Gb|dWo] Ps s]Gb|df hfg' kg]{ ePsfn] w]/}n] pkof]u gu/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;d"xut tyf JolQmut k/fdz{ ;]jf lhNnf :t/df a:g] dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{bftfx¿n] pknAw u/fpg] 5g\ t/ pgLx¿n] j8f :t/;Dd k'u]/ ;]jf lbg' kg]{5 . ;]jfsf k|of]ustf{x¿n] cfkm" nf~5gf jf x]lkPsf] cg'e"lt gxf];\ eGgfsf nflu ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldlts} kl/;/df k/fdz{ lng] ls dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{bftfx¿nfO{ 3/d} af]nfpg] egL 5fGg kfpg' kb{5 . k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] cg'udg lhNnf cg'udg clws[tx¿n] :yfgLo lgsfo, ;fd'bflos ;d"xx¿, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ / ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿;Fu ldn]/ ul/g] 5 .

� s'g} JolQmsf cufl8 a;]/ k/fdz{ ;]jf lng cK7\of/f] dx;'; ug]{ JolQmx¿sf nflu uf]kgLotf uf]kgLotf sfod ug{ jf s'g} k|sf/sf] dgf];fdflhs kL8f;DaGwL k/fdz{sf nflu Ps lgMz'Ns 6]lnkmf]g sfod ug{ jf s'g} k|sf/sf] dgf];fdflhs kL8f;DaGwL k/fdz{sf nflu Ps lgMz'Ns 6]lnkmf]g nfOg :yfkgf ug]{ nfOg :yfkgf ug]{ . o:tf] ;]jf vf; u/L k'?iffy{ b]vfpg} kg]{ vfn] ;fF:s[lts sf/0fn] sdhf]/Lsf ;fy;fy} efjf]b\j]un] pQ]lht b]lvg] t/ kL8fsf] klxrfg gePsf] hf]lvddf k/]sf k'?ifx¿nfO{ nlIft u/L pgLx¿sxfF k'Ug / ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf nflu clt g} h?/L x'G5 . o:tf ;Daf]wg ug{ g;lsPsf dgf];fdflhs ;d:ofn] :yfgLo :t/df a9\bf] of}ghGo tyf n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f, dfbs kbfy{ljgf afFRg} g;Sg] cj:yf, 3/]n' lx+;f, ck/fw tyf hf]lvdk"0f{ tyf ljvl08t jftfj/0fdf k/L ;fdflhs k"FhL vl:sg] h:tf JolQmsf ljWj+zsf/L Jojxf/lt/ n}hfg ;S5 . k'g:yf{kg ;ldlt cGtu{tsf] :jf:Yo tyf dgf];fdflhs l6dn] o:tf] kmf]g nfOg /fVg'sf ;fy} kmf]g nfOgdf sfd ug]{ dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{bftfx¿sf] egf{, tflnd tyf cg'udgsf] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 / o;sf nflu p;n] pko'Qm ;Lk kfPsf gful/s ;dfhsf sfo{stf{, ;/sf/sf ;DalGwt dGqfnox¿ -dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf dGqfno / zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno nufot_ / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf Ph]G;Lx¿sf] ;xof]u lng' kb{5 / pgLx¿;Fu ;xsfo{ ug'{ kb{5 .

� ;d'bfodf kms{]sf ;a} k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿, ;d'bfox¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf k"j{ sd{rf/Lx¿sf ;d'bfodf kms{]sf ;a} k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿, ;d'bfox¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf k"j{ sd{rf/Lx¿sf nflu dgf];fdflhs kL8faf/] ;+j]bgzLn t'Nofpg] lqmofsnfkx¿ sfof{Gjog hf/L /fVg] nflu dgf];fdflhs kL8faf/] ;+j]bgzLn t'Nofpg] lqmofsnfkx¿ sfof{Gjog hf/L /fVg] . ;ª\qmd0f sfndf yflnPsf ;d'bfodf kms{]sf ;a} k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ / ;d'bfox¿nfO{ dgf];fdflhs kL8faf/] ;+j]bgzLn t'Nofpg] nIo lnP/ ;~rfng ul/g] lqmofsnfkx¿ sfof{Gjog r/0fdf klg lg/Gt/ hf/L /fVg' kb{5 . ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿n] lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tx¿sf] ;xof]udf o:tf ;+j]bgzLn t'Nofpg] vfnsf uf]i7L tyf ;8s gf6s cflb cGo k|sf/sf ;"rgf cfbfg—k|bfg ug]{ vfnsf sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug'{ kb{5 . o;n] ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿, ;d'bfodf kms{]sf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf k"j{ sd{rf/Ldf /x]sf] nHhf / ;+sf]rsf] efjgf sd x'gfsf ;fy} dgf];fdflhs kL8fsf af/]df r]tgf a9fpg] sfd u5{ . o:tf sfo{qmdn] dgf];fdflhs kL8fsf nflu sxfF ;xof]u kfOG5 eGg] -h:t} ;ldltdf /x]sf k/fdz{bftf / lgMz'Ns tyf uf]Ko kmf]g nfOg;DaGwL_ hfgsf/L klg lbg' kb{5 . ;fy} dgf];fdflhs ;d:ofaf/] ;+j]bgzLn agfpg] sfdnfO{ ;d'bfo tyf 3/ kms{g] k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kgsf ljsNkaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg] ;~rf/ /0fgLltsf] Ps efusf ¿kdf

#=#=(=#= dgf];fdflhs dgf];fdflhs k'g:yf{kg tyf k'g:yf{kg tyf

:jf:Yo ;]jf :jf:Yo ;]jf

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sfof{Gjog r/0fdf ul/g] hg r]tgf clej[l4;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿;Fu PsLs[t t'Nofpg klg ;lsG5 . lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[t / lhNnf cg'udg clws[tn] ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿, :yfgLo lgsfox¿, gful/s ;dfhsf sfo{stf{x¿, ;fd'bflos ;d'xx¿ tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ;xsfo{ o:tf ;+j]bLs/0f lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ;+of]hg ug'{ kb{5 .

� nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfof{Gjog r/0fdf ;+qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fdf ;DkGGf ul/Psf] k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f ;+sngaf6 klxrfg ul/Psf :jf:Yo;DaGwL cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;]jfx¿nfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg' kb{5 :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;]jfx¿nfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg' kb{5 -v08 #=#=*=@_ . k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ cNksfnLg k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] Ps efusf ¿kdf ltgsf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ljz]if ;]jf pknAw u/fPsf v08df ;d'bfodf tgfj / Oiof{sf] efjgf a9fpg] x'G5 . To;}n] j:t'tM o;sf] d'Vo ceLi6 :yfgLo :t/df ef]luPsf ;a} k|sf/sf :jf:Yo ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ /fli6«o :jf:Yo If]qsf] Ifdtf alnof] t'Nofpg' g} xf] . o;f] eP tfklg åGåsf] kl/0ffd:j?k bL3{sfnLg :jf:Yo ;d:ofn] lk/f]lnPsf k"j{ -of]Uo, ljbf ul/Psf / :j]lR5s tj/n] 5f8]sf_ n8fs'x¿sf] lgs} 7"nf] ;+Vof 5 / ltgsf] :jf:Yo ;d:ofnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ ;Daf]wg ug'{ cfjZos 5 . / pgLx¿, o:tf :jf:Yo ;d:ofx¿nfO{ xn ug]{ / dfu k"/f ug{ nfdf] ;do nfUg ePsfn] Tolt~h];Dd klv{/xg ;Qm}gg\ . To;f] x'gfn] åGå;Fu ;DalGwt bL3{sfnLg :jf:Yo ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+/rgfdf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿åf/f ;+of]hg ul/Psf tyf ;xof]u k|fKt x'g] ljz]if1tf k|fKt :jf:Yo ;]jfx¿sf] :yfkgf ug'{ kb{5 . k'g:yf{kg cfof]uleq /x]sf] :jf:Yo tyf dgf];fdflhs l6dn] nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qsf :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿df To:tf ljz]if1tf k|fKt :jf:Yo ;]jfx¿sf] :yfkgfsf] ;+of]hg tyf cg'udg sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L lng' kb{5 . o;df p;n] :jf:Yo dGqfno, lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[tx¿ tyf lhNnf cg'udg clws[tx¿sf] ;xof]u lng' kb{5 .

� 3fOt]÷ckfª\u ePsf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf k"j{ sd{rf/Lx¿sf nflu 3fOt]÷ckfª\u ePsf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf k"j{ sd{rf/Lx¿sf nflu k'g:yf{kg s]Gb|x¿ :yfkgf ug]{k'g:yf{kg s]Gb|x¿ :yfkgf ug]{ . s]xL 3fOt] ÷ ckfª\u n8fs'x¿ cfkm" a;]sf Sof06f]gd]06eGbf 6f9f hfg g;Sg] ePsfn] o:tf s]Gb|x¿ vf; u/L Sof06f]gd]06 /flvPsf lhNnfx¿df / ;fdfGotof nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qdf :yfkgf ug'{ kb{5 . oL s]Gb|x¿df /xg]a:g], hLjg lgjf{x ug]{, :jf:Yo ;]jf tyf ;'xfpFbf] /f]huf/Ldf kx'Fr /fVgsf nflu dfu{ lgb]{zg ug]{ h:tf ;'ljwf pknAw x'g'kb{5 . oL s]Gb|x¿n] pTkGg x'g;Sg] tgfj kG5fpg / åGå ;+j]bgzLn /x]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ 3fOt] / ckfË ePsf ;'/Iff lgsfosf k"j{–sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ klg plQs} nfe k'¥ofPsf] x'g'kb{5 . k'g:yf{kg cfof]uleq /x]sf] :jf:Yo tyf dgf];fdflhs l6dn] -lhNnf k'g:yf{kg clws[t tyf dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{bftfsf] dfWodaf6_ o:tf s]Gb|x¿sf] :yfkgf sfo{sf] ;+of]hg ug'{kb{5 . o;df ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfox¿, :jf:Yo dGqfno, ;DalGwt gful/s ;dfhsf sfo{stf{ nufot u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ / ;dfd'bflos ;d"xx¿;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/g'kb{5 . ;/sf/n] o:tf s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{sf nflu /sd pknAw u/fpg'k5{ jf bft[ ;+:yfx¿sf] ;xof]usf] vf]hL ug'{ kb{5 . oL s]Gb|x¿af6 d"ntM 3fOt] ÷ ckfË, labf ul/Psf tyf :j]R5fn] 5f8]sf n8fs'x¿nfO{ nfe k'¥ofOPsf] x'g'kb{5 .

� g/fd|f];Fu 3fOt] ePsf ckfª\u ePsf n8fs'x¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf k"j{ sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ g/fd|f];Fu 3fOt] ePsf ckfª\u ePsf n8fs'x¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf k"j{ sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ kl/ro kq pknAw u/fpg' k5{ kl/ro kq pknAw u/fpg' k5{ . o;af6 pgLx¿ oftfoft tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'ljwfdf 5'6 kfpg ;Qm5g\ . o:tf ;]jfdf 5'6 kfpg] of]Uotf ;/sf/, ;'/Iff lgsfox¿, / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;xdltdf ag]sf dfkb08df cfwfl/t x'g' kb{5 . kl/ro kqsf] Joj:yf / o:tf ;]jfsf] cg'udg sfo{ s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/, :yfgLo clwsf/k|fKt lgsfox¿ / gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfx¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{df l8cf/cf] / l8Pdcf]n] ug'{ kb{5 .

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of] k|ltj]bg xfnsf / k"j{ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfof] k|ltj]bg xfnsf / k"j{ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs', ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿, gful/s ;dfh, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / /fhgLlts v]nf8Lx¿sf] g]kfndf ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmof;DaGwL ;f]r, cjwf/0ff tyf b[li6sf]0fsf] lj:t[t ljZn]if0f dfq xf] . o; k|ltj]bgn] Psbd} ;+j]bgzLn / hl6n ljifoaf/] /x]sf] wldnf] ;f]rnfO{ k|:t't u/]sf] 5 / To;}n] g]kfnsf] clt dxTjk"0f{ /fhgLlts kl/b[Zosf] ;dodf o:tf k|lqmofx¿sf] th'{df ug{sf lglDt ;"rgfx¿ pknAw u/fpg] ;Gbe{df o;sf] lgs} 7"nf] dxTj /x]sf] 5 . o;df vf]hL jf klxrfg ul/Psf ljifox¿n] cGtjf{tf{ lbg]x¿sf] b[li6sf]0fsf] k|ltlglwTj u5{g\ / o;nfO{ pgLx¿s} ljrf/sf ¿kdf x]l/g'kb{5 . klxrfg ul/Psf ljifox¿n] ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kgsf pko'Qm ;+oGqx¿;DaGwL ldl>t ljrf/ /x]sf] ;+s]t ub{5g\ t;y{ ltgn] o:tf k|lqmofsf] nflu k|efjsf/L /fhgLlts b]vefn x'g'kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ /]vf+lst u/]sf 5g\ / o:tf] s'/f /fhgLlts ;xdlt / d]nldnfktkm{ cl3 a9\bf dfq ;Dej x'g] s'/f xf] .

o; cg';Gwfgaf6 kQf nfu]sf s'/faf6 o; k|ltj]bgn] Ps la6f] l;kmfl/zx¿ lems]sf] 5 / ltgn] p7]sf ;jfnx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ qmddf oL k|lqmofsf] ¿k/]vf lgdf{0f, Joj:yfkg Pj+ sfof{Gjogsf] clt g} k|efjsf/L pkfox¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L oL l;kmfl/zx¿n] To:tf of]hgf th'{df, ¿k/]vfsf] lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjogdf n}lËs Pj+ åGå;+j]bgzLn ljlw cl3 ;fg{ vf]h]sf 5g\ .

dlxnf dfcf]jfbL ;}lgs n8fs'x¿sf] ;+Vof lbFbf, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj g+ !#@%, !*@), !*** / !**( tyf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj g+ !#@% sf cfwf/df xfn} tof/ ul/Psf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf cg's"n x'g' kg]{ cfjZostf 5 / gLltsf] k[i7e"lddf sfo{qmdsf] ¿k/]vf lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog ubf{ oL n}lËs Pj+ åGå ;+j]bgzLn l;kmfl/zx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{ clt g} h?/L 5 . o;sf nflu ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿sf ;fy} k'?if tyf dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] -k"j{ tyf xfnsf_ JoQm u/]sf km/s km/s / ;femf cfjZostf, ;/f]sf/ jf rf;f] tyf k|fyldstfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/g'kb{5 .

o;n] k'?if tyf dlxnf n8fs'x¿ -k"j{ tyf xfnsf_ n] JoQm u/]sf ;fy} ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L Pj+ ;d'bfox¿sf km/s–km/s tyf ;femf cfjZostf, ;/f]sf/ jf rf;f] / k|fyldstfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ vf]Hg'kb{5 . l;kmfl/zx¿ o;nfO{ Jojxf/d} ;xhLs/0f ug{ / ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofx¿n] nfe kfpg] egL ls6fg ul/Psf ju{x¿dfly k|efjsf/L ¿kdf c;/ kf5{g\ eGg] s'/fsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg] 9ª\un] clg zflGt k|lqmofsf] dxTj / /fhgLlts tyf ;fdflhs :t/df d]nldnfkdf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf lsg rflxof] egL a'em\gdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] u/L tof/ ul/Psf 5g\ . tLg d'Vo l;kmfl/zx¿ -lhNnf :t/df k|ltlglwTj /xg] u/L /fhgLlts ¿kdf t6:y / ;/sf/L :jfldTj /xg] /fli6«o ;dfof]hg cfof]u tyf /fhgLlts ¿kdf t6:y / ;/sf/L :jfldTj /xg] /fli6«o k'g:yf{kg cfof]u / ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt :t/df ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltx¿sf] :yfkgf_ nfO{ cGo l;kmfl/zx¿n] ;dy{g u/]sf 5g\ . ltgn] klxrfg ul/Psf ljleGg d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf ljlzi6 cfjZostf, ;/f]sf/ jf rf;f] / k|fyldstfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ vf]Hb5g\ clg ;du| ;dfof]hg tyf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofx¿nfO{ ;sf/fTds lsl;dn] of]ubfg ub{5g\ .

cg';"lr !

ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgaf6 l;lsPsf kf7ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgaf6 l;lsPsf kf7

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ljsf; sfo{qmd -o'Pg\8LkL_, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 afnsf]if -o'lg;]km_ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo hg;+Vof sf]if -o'PgPkmkLP_ / cgt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g -cfOPn\cf]_ /x]sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo cGt/–Ph]G;L k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd -o'Pg\cfOcf/kL_ @)!) sf] km]a|'c/L dxLgfdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] lyof] . o;n] ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿sf] Joj:yfkg tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿n] @)!! sf] km]a|'c/L & tf/Lv leq;Dd Kofs]hx¿sf nflu b:tvt ul/;Sg' cfjZos 5 . o'Pg\cfOcf/kLn] n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd -d]8]k_, ;'ljwfjl~rt afnaflnsfsf nflu lzIff sfo{qmd -o';]k_, k|fljlws cg'b]zsf nflu k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg -6LcfO{6LcfO{_ nufotsf :yfgLo ;]jfbftfx¿ -gfkmfd"ns tyf u}/gfkmfd"ns b'a} k|sf/sf_ tyf ;+:s[ltkf/ dgf];fdflhs ;+u7g -6LkLcf]_ / oftgfkLl8t ;/f]sf/ s]Gb| -l;leS6_ nufotsf ;fem]bf/;Fu ldn]/ Kofs]hsf z}lIfs ;xof]u, Jofj;flos tflnd, n3' pBd yfNg ;xof]u, :jf:Yo lzIff / tflnd tyf dgf];fdlhs ;xfotf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . o'Pg\Pkm\kLPn] Kofs]hsf] :jf:Yo tyf n}lËs sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog, o'lg;]kmn] dgf];fdflhs / lzIff sfo{qmd, cfOPn\cf]n] ;]jf k|bfosx¿sf] Ifdtf ljsf; tyf o'Pg\8LkLn] n3' pBd tyf Jofj;flos tflnd / sfo{qmdsf] ;du| Joj:yfkgsf] g]t[Tj u/]sf 5g\ .!(& !(&

cof]Uo dflgPsfx¿sf nflu :j]lR5s 5gf]6 ug]{ u/L rf/ k|sf/sf lzIff tyf tflnd k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h pknAw 5g\M Jofj;flos ;Lk tflnd, n3' tyf ;fgf Joj;fo ljsf;, z}lIfs ;xof]u / :jf:Yo ;]jf tflnd . @)!) sf] ;]K6]Da/ !^ tf/Lv;Dd, o'Pg\cfOcf/kLdf oL ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿dWo] cfwfeGbf yf]/} a9L n8fs' -@,!%$ hgf cyf{t\ nueu %$ k|ltzt_ n] ;Dks{ /fv]sf lyP . tLdWo] !,%^# hgffO{ j[lQ ljsf; k/fdz{ lbO{ ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfx¿sxfF k7fOPsf] 5, h;dWo] ($! hgfnfO{ rf/j6f k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdWo] Psdf egf{ ul/Psf] 5 -@#$ hgfn] tflnd ;ls;s]sf 5g\ / ltgdWo] @) k|ltztn] /f]huf/L kfO;s]sf 5g\_ .!(*!(*

!= Jofj;flos ;Lk tflnd != Jofj;flos ;Lk tflnd

;]jf k|bfossxfF k7fOPsfM %@^ -$ k|ltzt dlxnf_, $$$ gfafns / $@ l9nf] etL{ ePsfx¿

egf{ ePsfM ##^ -@ k|ltzt dlxnf_, @(% gfafns / !!@ l9nf] etL{ ePsfx¿

@= n3' tyf ;fgf Joj;fo ljsf; @= n3' tyf ;fgf Joj;fo ljsf;

;]jf k|bfossxfF k7fOPsfM ^)$ -%@ k|ltzt dlxnf_, $&@ gfafns / !#@ l9nf] etL{ ePsfx¿

egf{ ePsfM #&( -%^ k|ltzt dlxnf_, #!( gfafns / ̂ ) l9nf] etL{ ePsfx¿

#= z}lIfs ;xof]u #= z}lIfs ;xof]u

;]jf k|bfossxfF k7fOPsfM #%@ -$! k|ltzt dlxnf_, #)^ gfafns / $^ l9nf] etL{ ePsfx¿

egf{ ePsfM !&@ -$$ k|ltzt dlxnf_, !^! gfafns / !! l9nf] etL{ ePsfx¿

$= :jf:Yo ;]jf tflnd $= :jf:Yo ;]jf tflnd

;]jf k|bfossxfF k7fOPsfM *! -@^ k|ltzt dlxnf_, &! gfafns / !) l9nf] etL{ ePsfx¿

egf{ ePsfM %$ -@^ k|ltzt dlxnf_, $* gfafns / ̂ l9nf] etL{ ePsfx¿

!(& o; v08df lbOPsf tYofª\sx¿ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo cGtP{h]G;L k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd - o'Pg\cfOcf/kL_ sf] …k|f]u|]; :6f6; ckm o'Pg\ O06/–Ph]G;L l/xfljln6]zg k|f]u|fdÚ zLif{ssf] k|:t'tLs/0f -!^ ;]K6]Da/ @)!) sf] ;+:s/0f_ / o'Pg\cfOcf/kL ljSnL l/kf]6{ -g+ @*M )#–)( ;]K6]Da/ @)!) _ af6 lnOPsf x'g\ .

!(* Wofgdf /fVg'xf];\, o; tYofª\sdf Kofs]haf6 aflx/ lg:s]sfx¿sf] ;+Vof ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g .

;]km/jN8{ 6969

!(( o'Pg\cfOcf/kLsf] (÷(÷@)!) sf] ljSnL l/kf]6{ cg';f/, lghL ¿kdf ljbf ul/Psf $,))* hgfsf] %$ k|ltzt, Sof06f]gd]06df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ljbfO ;df/f]xaf6 ljbf ePsf @,#($ hgfsf] &^ k|ltzt / Sof06f]gd]06df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ljbfO ;df/f]xdf pkl:yt gePsf !,^!$ hgf -gb]lvPsf_ x¿n] 6f]n–k|mL 6]lnkmf]g gDa/af6 klxnf] ;Dks{ /fv]sf lyP ÷ ljbf ul/Psf $,))* hgfsf] #( k|ltzt, Sof06f]gd]06df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ljbfO ;df/f]xaf6 ljbf ePsf @,#($ hgfsf] %^ k|ltzt, / ljbfO ;df/f]xdf pkl:yt gePsf -gb]lvPsf_ !,^!$ hgfsf] !$ k|ltztn] j[lQ ljsf; k/fdz{ lnPsf / tflnd jf lzIffsf nflu k7fOPsf lyP ÷ ljbf ePsf $,))* hgfsf] @# k|ltzt, Sof06f]gd]06df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ljbfO ;df/f]xaf6 ljbf ePsf @,#($ hgfsf] ## k|ltzt, / ljbfO ;df/f]xdf pkl:yt gePsf -jf gb]lvPsf elgPsf_ !^!$ hgfsf] ( k|ltztn] of t tflnd of lzIff ;DkGg ul/;s]sf 5g\ of lnb}5g\ ÷

o; cg';Gwfgaf6 ljbf ePsf s]xL n8fs'n] lsg k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lng rfx]gg\ eGg] sf/0f;Fu ;DalGwt sltko r'gf}ltx¿sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] lyof] .!((!(( oBlk s]xL n8fs'n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lng grfxg' kl5sf sf/0fsf] ljZn]ifaf6 oL /rgfTds kf7x¿ ljsl;t ePsf x'g\, tyflk logn] ev{/} ev{/} dfq sfof{Gjog k|f/De ePsf] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf] eG7fGg' x'Gg . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo cGt/–Ph]G;L k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdn] To:tf r'gf}ltsf] ;dfwfg ug{] qmddf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug{] sbd rfln;s]sf] tYonfO{ Wofgdf /fVg'k5{ / klxrfg ul/Psf s]xL r'gf}ltx¿ t Kofs]hsf] l8hfOgdf ePsf ljz]iftfsf] ljk/Lt /fhgLlts kl/l:yltleq ljBdfg /x]sf sl7gfOx¿ lyP . clxn];Dd b]lvPsf d'Vo d'Vo kf7x¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

ckof{Kt ;~rf/ ckof{Kt ;~rf/

;d'bfox¿ / jt{dfg÷k"j{ n8fs'x¿n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu pknAw u/fOPsf ljsNkx¿sf] af/]df ;~rf/sf] sdL -/ slxn]sfxL+ unt tyf cg'ko'Qm lsl;dn] lbOPsf hfgsf/L_ sf ;+s]tx¿nfO{ b]vfPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu jt{dfg n8fs'x¿ / ;d'bfox¿n] s[lifdf tflnd dfq} -h'g x'Fb} xf]Og_ lbg], Jofj;flos tflnd h:tf yk ;xof]u glbOsg} @@ xhf/ g]kfnL ¿lkofF dfq} lbg] -of] klg ;xL xf]Og_ / tLg dlxgfsf nflu cNksfnLg tflnd dfq pknAw u/fpg]

-w]/}h;f] tflnd # dlxgfb]lv ( dlxgf ;Dddf ;lsg] vfnsf 5g\_ h:tf hfgsf/Lsf sf/0f Kofs]hsf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;Lldt k|ToIf ;Dks{ tyf gful/s hLjgdf kmls{g' cl3 / kl5sf ljbf ePsf n8fs'x¿;Fusf] ;d:ofd"ns kx'Frsf sf/0f sdhf]/ ;"rgfsf] cfbfg k|bfg x'g uPsf] xf] . o;n]] cGtjf{tf{ ul/Psf ljbf ePsf w]/} n8fs'x¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf ;Dks{ / kx'Fr g/fVg lg0f{o ug{ cu|;/ t'Nofof] . o;n] g]kfnsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ld;g -cgldg_ k|lt klg g}/fZosf] efjgf a9fpg dbt u¥of] .

o;n] ljbf ePsf w]/} n8fs'x¿nfO{ clxn] g} / jt{dfg n8fs'x¿nfO{ eljiodf pknAw x'g] ljsNkx¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg] ;+oGqx¿nfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg cfjZos /x]sf]df hf]8 lbG5 . o:tf ;"rgfdf xNnfx¿ x6fpg, d]nldnfk a9fpg, nf~5gf sd ug{{ tyf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;d'bfosf] :jfdLTj a9fpg ;d'bfo nufotsf cGo ;/f]sf/ jfnfx¿;Dd k'Ug'kg]{ cfjZostf klg x'G5 . ljbf ePsfx¿sf] cg'ejn] klg Kofs]hdf klxnf] ;Dks{ ug{ kms]{sf k"j{ n8fs'x¿dfly e/ kg{ -h:t} cgldgåf/f ljbfO ;df/f]xdf afFl8Psf]] krf{÷k'l:tsfdf lbOPsf] 6f]n–k|mL gDa/af6 kmf]g ubf{_ sl7gfO k/]sf] b]vfpF5 . ljbf ul/Psf w]/}h;f] n8fs'x¿nfO{ Kofs]haf/] hfgsf/L lngsf lglDt ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfsxfF k'Ug'kg]{ ePsf] sf/0fn];~rf/ ;+oGqdf ;Nnfxsf/ Ao"/f] / k/fdz{ s]Gb|x¿sf] :yfkgf h:tf] lgs} alnof] ;~rf/ ;+oGqsf] vfFrf] /x]sf] b]vfpF5 . o; cltl/Qm cGo k"j{ n8fs'x¿ tyf Jofks ;d'bfo;Dd k'Ug] qmddf nlIft /]l8of] sfo{qmdx¿, ;8s gf6s / 5fkf dfWodaf6 hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug'{ kb{5 .

;+ª\s|d0f sfnsf] sdL ;+ª\s|d0f sfnsf] sdL

kms{g'k"j{sf] ;+qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df sfnsf] Joj:yf gul/g' k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ j]jf:tf ug]{ Ps d'Vo r'gf}ltsf ¿kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . k|efjsf/L ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg tyf Kofs]h lng] sfdnfO{ ;'b[9 kfg{sf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg, ;d'bfo tyf 3/ kms{g nfu]sf n8fs'x¿nfO{ pknAw /x]sf k'g:yf{kgsf ljleGg ljsNkx¿af/] kms{g'cl3sf] cled'vLs/0f tyf ;fdflhsLs/0f tflnd Pj+ k/fdz{af a]nf s'/f p7fOPsf] lyof] . o;n] k'g:yf{kgsf] kmn:j?k pTkGg x'g ;Sg] r'gf}ltx¿ tyf ltgnfO{ lqmofzLntfk"j{s tyf ;+j]bgzLn 9+un] ;Daf]wg ug{] pkfox¿sf] canDag ug{sf nflu b'a} kIfnfO{ tof/ ub{5 . o;sf ;fy} k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] glthfsf ¿kdf ;d'bfo :t/df cfpg ;Sg] r'gf}ltx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/ /fVgsf nflu ;'/Iff lgsfox¿nfO{ cled'vLs/0f tflnd lbg'kb{5 . tof/Lsf] ;+qmd0f tyf of]hgf th'{df r/0fsf] tof/Lsf ultljlw sDtLdf klg ̂ dxLgf;Dd sfof{Gjog ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 .

70 ;femf ynf] <

;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0fsf] sdL ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0fsf] sdL

k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hn] ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf k|fyldstf / cfjZostfnfO{ k"/f u5{ / pgLx¿;Fu ePsf ;Lk tyf ;dembf/L Pj+ Ifdtfdf /x]sf sl7gfO{ cg'?k Kofs]hnfO{ df]l8Psf] 5 eGg] ;'lglZrt ug{ pgLx¿nfO{ SofG6f]gd]06af6 ljbf ug'{cl3 ltgsf JolQmut ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0fsf] gSzf+sg ug'{ kb{5 . o;n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] ;Defljt k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ cem alnof] agfpg ;S5 t/ /fhgLlts txdf, vf;u/L Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] tkm{af6, of] sfd /f]lsPsf] lyof] .

/fli6«o tyf :yfgLo >d ahf/ ljZn]if0f gul/g' /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo >d ahf/ ljZn]if0f gul/g'

k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hn] :yfgLo ahf/df /x]sf]] dfunfO{ s]lGb|t u/L Jofj;flos ;Lksf] ljsf; ul/Psf] ;'lglZrt u/L /f]huf/Ldf cu|;/ u/fpg] -/ Kofs]h lng]_ lsl;dn]:yfgLo tyf /fli6«o >d ahf/sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf ljZn]if0f ug]{ sfd klg /fhgLlts txd} /f]lsP .

u}/;+j]bgzLn zAbfjnL– …cof]UoÚ zAb;Fu ufFl;Psf] nf~5gf u}/;+j]bgzLn zAbfjnL– …cof]UoÚ zAb;Fu ufFl;Psf] nf~5gf

…cof]UoÚ zAbsf] k|of]u ul/Psf]df jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ Pj+ ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] s8f cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . o; zAbn] clt g} gsf/fTds lgot /x]sf] cy{ lbG5 / lsg s'g} n8fs'nfO{ cof]Uo :t/df /flvof] eGg] sf/0faf/] klg a'emfO{sf] sdL /x]sf] kfOof] . cGtjf{tf{ ul/Psf ljbf ePsf s]xL n8fs'x¿n] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf ljsNkx¿sf af/]df hfgsf/ eP klg cfkm"nfO{ …cof]UoÚ eGg] zAbsf] n]an klg 6fFl;lbPsf] x'gfn]] nf~5gfsf] 8/ tyf Kofs]h lnOPsf] sf/0faf6 ;fdflhs cnufjdf kl/g] 8/n] ubf{ Kofs]hdf ;xefuL x'g grfx]sf] atfP .

o; ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] xfn} …cof]UoÚ zAbsf] ;f6f] lePd\Pn\cf/ -gfafns tyf kl5 egf{ ePsf_ eGg] ;+lIfKt ¿ksf] k|of]u ug{ z'? u/]sf] 5 . o;f] eP tfklg …cof]UoÚ eGg] zAbn] ulx/f];Fu h/f ufl8;s]sf] / o; cg';Gwfgsf] ;dodf cGtjf{tf{ ul/Psf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] clwsf+z ;+Vof, ;d'bfo, / ;]jf k|bfosx¿n] :jo+ Jofks ¿kdf k|of]u ul//x]sf] kfOPsf] x'gfn] k|lqmofsf] o; r/0fdf cfP/ abNg' lgs} sl7g b]lvPsf] 5 . o;n] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmof -jf To;sf sfo{qmd_ sf k|;ª\udf lkmtf{ x'g nfu]sf k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ juL{s/0f ug]{ ;dodf z'?d} zAbsf] rog ubf{ ;+j]bgzLn x'g' kg]{ lyof] eGg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbG5 / gLltut txdf o:tf zAb s]xL dfqfdf cy{k"0f{ b]lvP klg :yfgLo :t/df ltgsf] ljleGg cy{ nfUg] / nf~5gf ufFl;g] ;Defjgf x'Fbf] /x]5 eGg] a'em\g' kg]{ b]lvof] .

k'g :yf{kg k|lqmofaf6 ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 / u};;n] a9\tf / ljbf ePsf n8fs'n] sd nfe kfPsf] k'g :yf{kg k|lqmofaf6 ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 / u};;n] a9\tf / ljbf ePsf n8fs'n] sd nfe kfPsf] wf/0ff

jt{dfg tyf k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf ;fy} Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿n] ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu yflnPsf] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]haf6 -pgLx¿n] a'em] cg';f/_ lghL ;+:yfx¿ / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ -d'Vo ;]jf k|bfos / ;]jf k|bfossf] e"ldsfdf /x]sf_ Pj+ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿nfO{ nfe gk'¥ofO{ cfkm"n] kmfObf lnPsf]df cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . o; k|sf/sf] wf/0ffn] ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿df kof{Kt /f]if pTkGg u/]sf] 5 . o;n] pko'Qm sfof{Gjogstf{ ;+:yfx¿ kQf nufpg] sfddf xf]lzof/L ckgfpg' kg]{ s'/f t cf}+NofPs} 5 ;fy}] hg;fwf/0fnfO{ xNnf km}ng] / tgfj p7\g] ;DefjgfnfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu k'g:yf{kg sf]ifsf] /sd s;/L ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 eGg] kf/bzL{ tl/sfn] :ki6 lsl;dn] hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ tYodf ;d]t hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .

ljrf}lnofsf] k|of]udf b]lvPsf] r'gf}lt ljrf}lnofsf] k|of]udf b]lvPsf] r'gf}lt

ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hdf Jofj;flos tflnd lbg] sfddf ;+nUg s]xL ;]jf k|bfosx¿n] k'g:yf{kgsf lqmofsnfk ug]{] ;]jf k|bfos 5fGg] tyf ltgsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;+of]hg ug]{ d'Vo ;]jf k|bfosx¿ -o';]k tyf PnfoG; g]kfn nufotsf_ sf af/]df o:t} rf;f] JoQm u/]sf lyP . vf; u/L /sd e'QmfgLdf lanDa ePsf], ;~rf/ sdhf]/ ePsf] / d'Vo ;]jf k|bfosx¿n] k|lqmofaf6 a9L kmfObf lnPsf] ljifodf k|Zg p7fOPsf lyP . o;sf ;fy} ;]jf k|bfosx¿n] cfkm"n] Jofj;flos ;~rfng ubf{ s]xL dfdnfdf yf]/} dfq ljbf ePsf n8fs'n] Kofs]h lnPsf] x'gfn] To;df nfUg] oyfy{ vr{ klg wfGg g;s]sf] / kof{Kt /sd kfpg g;s]sf] ljifodf rf;f] JoQm u/]sf lyP . jf:tjdf k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;+of]hg ug{ lhDd]jf/L lnPsf -ltgdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, låkIfLo bft[ ;+:yf, k'g:yf{kg cfof]u cflb x'g

;]km/jN8{ 7171

@)) @)) Ps k'?if cof]Uo n8fs', s}nfnL -)*÷)#÷@)!)_

;S5g\_ x¿n] aLrsf dflg; jf ;+:yfx¿nfO{ Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf ;'lDkg'eGbf ;+of]hg / ;~rf/sf] k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ ;'b[9 tyf b'?:t agfpg l;w} ;]jf k|bfosx¿;Fu ;xsfo{ ug'{ k5{ .

tflnddf ;xefuL x'g tyf oftfoftsf nflu kof{Kt j[lQ /sd pknAw gx'g' tflnddf ;xefuL x'g tyf oftfoftsf nflu kof{Kt j[lQ /sd pknAw gx'g'

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] sfo{qmdn] Jofj;flos tyf n3' pBd tflnddf ;xefuL ePsf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿nfO{ dfl;s g]=¿= # xhf/ / lbgsf] tLg 5fs vfgf pknAw u/fpg] u/]sf] 5 . oL tflnddf ;xefuL ePsf ljbf ul/Psf s]xL n8fs'x¿n] dWo tyf ;'b"/ klZrd kxf8L If]qsf dflg;x¿sf nflu t/fO{df tflnd s]Gb| /x]sf 7fpF;Dd ofqf ug{ kof{Kt /sd glbOPsf] egL Kofs]hx¿sf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . ;fy}, cGtjf{tf{ ul/Psf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿n] tflnd s]Gb| /x]sf t/fO{sf zx/L If]qsf nflu /xg a:g vr{ k'Ug] u/L kof{Kt /sd pknAw gu/fOPsf]df Kofs]hsf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] vf;u/L dfl;s j[lQeGbf a9L vr{ Joxf]g'{ kg]{ ePsfn] bl/b| cj:yfdf /xg' a:g' k/]sf]df hf]8 lbFb} Kofs]hn] /xg a:g yk ;xof]u pknAw gu/fPsf] egL cfnf]rgf u/] . ;fy;fy}, s'g} ;xefuL lj/fdL k/]sf v08df jf To;afx]s cGo a]nf klg j[lQ /sd kfpg sl7g ePsf] b]lvG5 . of] tYo Jofks ¿kdf hfgsf/Ldf 5}g t/ o;df ;+nUg ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿n] eg] lgs} s8f cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . o;f] eP klg of] ljifo /fhgLlts :t/df x]g'kg]{ ePsfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] j[lQ /sd a9fpg ;s]sf] 5}g .

lbOPsf Jofj;flos tflndsf] k|sf/ / nfdf] cjlw;DaGwL c;Gt'li6 lbOPsf Jofj;flos tflndsf] k|sf/ / nfdf] cjlw;DaGwL c;Gt'li6

ljbf ul/Psf w]/} n8fs'x¿n] Kofs]hsf ljsNksf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/ /x]sf] t/ Jofj;flos tflnd lgDg :t/sf] Joj;fosf nflu ePsf] 7fgL ltgdf ;xefuL x'g grfx]sf] atfP . To:tf sfdaf6 cfkm"x¿n] ;dfhdf ;Ddfg kfpg g;Sg] pgLx¿sf] wf/0ff lyof] . h;/L k|ltj]bgn] hf]8 lbPsf] 5, cfkm"n] vf]h]sf] ;dflhs ;Ddfg ;'/lIft /flv/fVg w]/}hgf ;z:q ;d"xdf nfUg ;S5g\ . o;sf ;fy} ljbf ePsf s]xL n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L k'?ifx¿_ n] tflndsf] cjlw Psbd} 5f]6f] ePsf] egL cfnf]rgf u/] . cGo sltko cj/f]wsf ;fy} /fhgLlts cj/f]w / vf;u/L ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug{ g;Sgfn] pknAw tflndsf] ;+Vof / ljsNkx¿nfO{ -h'g To;otf lj:tf/ ul/Psf 5g\_ klg tof/ x'gaf6 /f]Sof] . k'g:yf{kgsf] ;kmntf eGg] s'/f] cy{tGqsf] dfu, Jofks ;d'bfo tyf tflnd lng]x¿sf cfjZostf / dfunfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ vfnsf kof{Kt tflnddf e/ k5{ .

;Lldt /fhgLlts tyf ;/sf/L] ;+sNk ;Lldt /fhgLlts tyf ;/sf/L] ;+sNk

k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] sfof{Gjogn] v]k]sf] d'Vo r'gf}lt eg]sf] ;/sf/n] jt{dfg n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] :jfdLTj lng'sf] dxTjdf hf]8 lbg] k|lqmofnfO{ g} ;3fpg ;/sf/df ;+sNksf] cefj x'g' xf] . s]xL n8fs'x¿n] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL tL Kofs]hdf v';L gePsfn] k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h lng rfx]gg\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu ljbf ul/Psf Ps k'?if n8fs'n] o:tf] eg]sf lyPM

æ/fHon] lzIff h:tf] lglZrt Kofs]hsf af/]df s]xL s'/f elg/x]sf] lyof] t/ d o;df ;xdt 5}g lsgeg] vf;u/L o;df xfd|f] kf6L{sf]] klg ;xdlt 5}g .Æ@))@))

ljbf ePsf s]xL n8fs'x¿ / lhNnfsf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿n] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;'b"/ klZrdsf t/fO{df Kofs]hdf ;xefuL x'g /f]s nufPsf] atfPsf lyP . o;n] ;kmn k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf lglDt of]Uo n8fs'sf lglDt agfOPsf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] af/]df Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6 lsg k|lta4tf lng' kYof]{ eGg] s'/fsf] dxTjdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] ;+of]hg tyf sfof{Gjogsf] lhDd]jf/L lnPsfx¿n] k|lqmofdf Kofs]h tof/ ug]{ r/0fd} Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] k|lta4tf tyf ;+sNk k|Tofe"t ug]{ qmddf Kofs]h tof/ ug]{ r/0fd} /fli6«o tyf lhNnf :t/df Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL;Fu k/fdz{ ug{ sbd rfNg' kg]{ xf] . o; cltl/Qm, k|lta4tf tyf ;+sNk / k|efjsf/L ;~rf/ tyf ;xsfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 egL k|Tofe"t ug{ sfof{Gjogsf qmddf ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿sf /fli6«o tyf lhNnf b'a} txdf lgoldt ¿kdf 5nkmn u/]sf] x'g'k5{ .

72 ;femf ynf] <

k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;d'bfosf] :jfldTj tyf ;+nUgtfsf] sdL k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;d'bfosf] :jfldTj tyf ;+nUgtfsf] sdL

gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿ / ;d'bfosf s]xL ;b:ox¿n] ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf ;+nUg gu/fOPsf]df cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP / ;+nUg u/fOPsf] eP ;d'bfo klg ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu lbOPsf] ;]jf tyf k|lqmofaf6 a9L nfeflGjt x'g ;Sy] eGg] cg'ej JoQm u/]sf lyP . s]xLn] o;af6 ;d'nfosf] :jfdLTjnfO{ alnof] kfg'{sf ;fy} kms{g nfu]sf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿nfO{ :jLsf/ ug{nfO{ ;lhnf] kfg]{ / cGttf]uTjf o;n] :yfgLo :t/df;fdflhs d]nldnfknfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpgd} ;xof]u k'Ug] lyof] eGg] ljrf/ k|s6 u/]sf lyP . o;n] ;d'bfonfO{ pQd tl/sfn] s;/L ;+nUg u/fpg] eGg] k|Zg v8f u5{ . ;DejtM clxn] /x]sf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿nfO{ g} ;+nUg u/fpg], gofF ;ldltx¿ v8f ug]{ jf sDtLdf klg ;d'bfo;Fu 5nkmn ug]{ h:tf dfWod ckgfpg ;lsG5 .

o;sf ;fy}, pknAw x'g] ;Defljt nfesf af/]sf ;"rgfsf] sdL sdhf]/Lsf cfwf/df s]xL cfnf]rgf ul/Psf] x'gfn] ;d'bfon] kfpg] kmfObfsf af/]df kof{Kt dfqfdf ;~rf/ ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu xfnsf Kofs]hx¿af6 k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ z}lIfs ;xof]u pknAw u/fpFbf ljBfno k"jf{wf/ kl/of]hgfx¿ / ;d'bfosf hf]lvddf /x]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ klg ;xof]udf ;d]6\g ;lsG5 .

k'?if / dlxnfsf km/s–km/s cfjZostf af/]sf] ;dembf/L / ;Daf]wgdf sdL k'?if / dlxnfsf km/s–km/s cfjZostf af/]sf] ;dembf/L / ;Daf]wgdf sdL

o'Pg\cfOcf/kL xfn} k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf n}lËs ;++j]bgzLntfnfO{ yKg] / dlxnfx¿sf ljlzi6 cfjZostfsf cfwf/df cfl>tx¿sf] /]vb]v nufotsf ;xof]usf ljsNkx¿ l;h{gf ug]{ k|lqmofdf 5 . ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ cEof; -dfly x]g'{xf];\_ gx'g'sf] cy{ xf] o'Pg\cfOcf/kLsf nflu k|f/lDes r/0fdf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf k'?if / dlxnfsf km/s km/s cfjZostf / k|fyldstfx¿ sfo{¿kdf NofO;lsPsf] 5 egL ;'lglZrt ug'{ ;Dej lyPg .

cem ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ljbfO{ ;df/f]xsf a]nf pknAw u/fOPsf krf{ k'l:tsfn] dlxnfsf nflu tflnddf ;xefuL x'Fbf cfl>tx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ / kl/jf/ eQfsf] Joj:yf nufotsf pknAw ljleGg ;xof]u / ljsNkx¿af/] kof{Kt hfgsf/L lbb}gg\ . h] eP klg o'Pg\cfOcf/kLn] o; sl7gfO{nfO{ dx;'; u/L o:t} hfgsf/Lsf] cefjsf sf/0f clxn]sf ldlt;Dd k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf dlxnfx¿sf] sdhf]/ ;xeflutf /x]sf] eGg] k|i6 a'em]sf] 5 . pgLx¿ clxn] o; ;d:ofnfO{ lgjf/0f ug{ cfˆgf] /0fgLltnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug{ vf]Hb} 5g\ / dlxnfx¿åf/f Kofs]hx¿ lng] sfdnfO{ alnof] agfpg vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ .

ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ -vf;u/L dlxnfx¿_ n] w]/} k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿df ;xefuL dlxnf cof]Uo n8fs'x¿ -ljz]if u/L dlxnf_ n], k'g:yf{kgsf Kofs]hx¿df ;xefuL clwsf+z dlxnfx¿n] ;xof]ufTds ;'ljwf k|fKt x'g] 7fGb} n3' ljQsf] ljsNknfO{ 5fg]sf lyP . o; Kofs]hdf pgLx¿ lge{/ x'g ;S5g\ eGg] lyof], h'g Jofj;flos tflnd h:tf cGo Kofs]hdf pknAw 5}g .

o;n] ;Dk"0f{ k'g:yf{kgsf ljsNkx¿;Fu ;DalGwt ;xof]uL lqmofsnfkx¿sf] dxTjdfly hf]8 lbG5 . afnaRrf ;lxtsf dlxnfnfO{ k'g:yf{kgsf] Kofs]h cGtu{t xfnsf] k|fjwfg cg';f/, h;n] lzIff /f]h]sf 5g\ / cfˆg} ;d'bfodf lzIff xfl;n ug{ c;dy{ 5g\, pgLx¿sf] xsdf vfg / a:g k|ltdlxgf cltl/Qm @ b'O{ xhf/ @ ;o ?k}of b'O{ aif{sf nflu lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} n3' pBd cGtu{t /x]sfnfO{ lzz':ofxf/ ;]jf, b"w] jfns / ue{jtL tyf ;'Ts]/L dlxnfsf nflu kf]if0fo'Qm vfg] s'/f / cf}iflw pkrf/sf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . Aofj;flos k|lzIf0fsf] ljsNkdf klg To:t} lsl;dsf ljsf;x¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ .

labf ul/Psf dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] kl/jf/ eQfsf] sdL klg w]/} dlxnfx¿ Kofs]hdf ;xefuL x'g g;Sg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f ePsf] egL cf}+NofPsf lyP . / ;fy} pgLx¿n] n3' pBd / Aofa;flos k|lzIf0f h:tf -/ c? klg_ ljsNkx¿ cGtu{t /x]sf jfnjRrf ;lxtsf Psn dlxnfx¿nfO{ dfl;s kfl/>ldsdf a[l¢ ul/g'kg]{ / k|lzIf0f ;+rfng ul/Psf] :yn;Dd hfg nfUg] vr{ lzz':ofxf/ ;fy} cfl>tsf nflu e/0fkf]if0fsf] ;'lglZrttfsf] dxTjdfly hf]8 lbPsf lyP . cg';Gwfgsf vf]h jf klxrfgx¿n] k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofdf k'?if / dlxnfsf ;fy} klxn]sf / xfnsf n8fs'x¿ km/s–km/s x'G5g\ eGg] cfwf/nfO{ klxrfg u/]sf] lyof] . k'g:yf{kgsf k|ls|ofx¿ n}ª\lus ?kn] ;+j]bgzLn 5g\ egL a'‰bf of] s'/f klg a'‰g cfjZos 5 ls of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf nflu k'g:yf{kgsf Kofs]hx¿ tof/ ubf{ n8fs'x¿sf km/s–km/s cfjZostf / k|fyldstfx¿nfO{ Wofgdf /fVg' kb{5 .

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@)! :j]R5fn] 5f8]sL Ps k"j{ n8fs' - dlxnf_ , l;Gw'nL -)$÷)(÷@)!)_

:jf:Yo ;]jf / dfgl;s ;fdflhs kL8f -6«pdf_ ;DaGwL k/fdz{sf] sdL :jf:Yo ;]jf / dfgl;s ;fdflhs kL8f -6«pdf_ ;DaGwL k/fdz{sf] sdL

ljbfO{ ul/Psf w]/} h;f] n8fs'x¿n] ;Djf]wg gul/Psf :jf:Yo ;]jf leqsf k|hgg :jf:Yosf d'2fx¿ - ljz]if u/L dlxnf _ / åGåsfnn] lbPsf 3fpx¿Aff6 -dlxnf÷k'?if _ cem kLl8t /x]sf] atfP . k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h cGtu{t :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw gu/fOPsf]df u'gf;f] kf]lvPsf] lyof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu :j]R5fn] lzlj/ 5f8]sL Ps k"j{ dlxnf n8fs'n] elgg\ M

æToxfF w]/} cof]Uo ;fyLx¿ 5g\ hf] cem} zf/Ll/s ?kdf czQm 5g\ / cem} pgLx¿sf] z/L/ leq uf]nLx¿ 5g\ . ltgLx¿ xfdLx¿ eGbf a9L kL8fdf 5g\ t/ b'ef{Uo, s;}n] klg of] ljifonfO{ uDeL/ eP/ ;f]r]sf 5}gg\ .Æ@)!@)!

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 cGt/–lgsfo -Ph]G;L_ k'g:yf{kg sfo{s|d -o'PgcfO{cf/kL_ n] xfn} k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h cGtu{t ljbg ul/Psf n8fs'x¿nfO{ :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] ?kdf s]xL yf]/} yk /sdsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . 36gf–cj:yf cg';f/ 5'6\6f5'6\6} j:t'l:yltsf] cfwf/df of]hgf NofOof] , cGtjf{tf{df cfPsf yf]/} dfq n8fs'x¿, 7"nf ;+Vofdf /x]sf n8fs'x¿df o; Joj:yfaf/] :ki6 hfgsf/Lsf] cefj /x\of], åGåsfndf ePsf] cª\ueª\u nufotsf lbuf] :jf:Yo;]jf ;/f]sf/x¿ ;Daf]wg ug]{ Joj:yf Kofs]hdf ;dflxt ePg . lbuf] :jf:Yo;]jfnfO{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿df ;dflxt ug'{ ;f]rgLo 5 h;n] ljbf ul/Psf k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ cfˆgf] cfjZostf k"lt{ ePsf] dx;'; ;'lglZrt u/fpF5 . o:tf] :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] Joj:yf km/flsnf] tj/af6 ;d'bfodf NofOg' k5{ h;n] a9\bf] tgfjnfO{ /f]S5 . d}qLk"0f{ aftfj/0fnfO{ a9fjf lbG5 . o; lsl;dsf ;]jf ;DaGwL ;"rgfx¿ alnof] ;~rf/ /0fgLlt cGtu{t ;+:yfut ul/g' k5{ .

o;sf cltl/Qm ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿df lg/fzffkg / dfgl;s kL8fsf :ki6 ;ª\s]tx¿ b]lvPsfn] ljbf ul/Psf / jt{dfg ;a} lsl;dsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h cGtu{t dgf]j}1flgs k/fdz{ ;]jf Ps dxTjk"0f{ cª\usf] ?kdf pknAw u/fOg'kg]{ s'/f dggLo 5 . h'nfO{ @)!) af6 k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h cGtu{t dgf]j}1flgs k/fdz{ ;]jf yk ul/Psf] 5 / If]qLo sfof{nox¿df /lxcfPsf k/fdz{bftf ;fy} o; lsl;dsf ;]jfsfo{sf nflu xfn} k|lzIf0f lnPsf ;]jfk|bfosx¿åf/f dfgl;s kL8f ;DaGwL k/fdz{ ;]jf ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h cGtu{tsf :jf:Yo ;]jf / dgf]j}1flgs cª\ux¿;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg]

;"rgfx¿ k|efjsf/L tj/af6 ;~rf/ ul/g'k5{ . cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsfx¿dWo] w]/} o:tf yk sfo{qmdx¿k|lt cgle1 /xg'n] of] oyfy{nfO{ yk :ki6 kf5{ .

cgf}krfl/s lzIff ljsNk Joj:yf;Fu /x]sf r'gf}ltx¿ cgf}krfl/s lzIff ljsNk Joj:yf;Fu /x]sf r'gf}ltx¿

cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf sIffx¿ kfl/>lds lnOsg P]gskf dfcf]jfbLsf lqmofsnfkx¿df ;+nUg x'g] / sfo{stf{ kl/rfng ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/Psfn] ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf nflu k'g:yf{kg Kofs]h cGtu{t /x]sf] cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] ljsNk x6fOPsf] 5 . o; lsl;dsf sfo{x¿n] cgf}krfl/s lzIff ljsNk cGtu{t /x]sf] r'gf}ltnfO{ :ki6 kf5{ . t/ cfˆgf] 5gf}6sf] ;/sf/L ljBfnodf cf}krfl/s lzIff lng] ljsNk eg] vf;u/L ;fd'bflos kx'Fr cGtu{t kl/rfng ePsfn] k|efjsf/L b]lvPsf] 5 .

:yfgLo txdf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] ;Lldt k|jfx M :yfgLo txdf k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] ;Lldt k|jfx M

kfFrcf]6f d'Vo If]qLo s]Gb|x¿af6 k'g:yf{kg ;]jfx¿ k|jfx ul/g'n] ;xeflutfdf sdL cfPsf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu eGg'kbf{ , s]xL k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx¿ w]/}h;f] lglZrt If]qx¿df dfq ;+rfng ul/g'n] ;xefuLx¿ nfdf] b"/L lxF8\g afWo 5g\ . cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf dWoklZrd -b}n]v_ sf n8fs'x¿ cfˆgf] 5gf}6sf] k|lzIf0f pQm If]qdf ;+rflnt geO{ k"jL{ g]kfnsf] lj/f6gu/df ;+rflnt k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g' o;sf] pbfx/0f xf] . aLrdf sfo{qmd 5f]8\g]x¿sf] ;+Vof pRr /xg' o;} cj:yfsf] glthf /x]sf] ljbf ul/Psfx¿ atfpF5g\ . k|efjsf/L ;xeflutfsf nflu b]zleqsf c? w]/} 7fpFx¿df, sd;]sd lhNnf txsf nlIft ef}uf]lns If]qx¿df k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd pknAw u/fOg' k5{ . dfl;s kL8f -6«pdf_ k/fdz{ ;Gbe{sf] k|efjsf/L kl/0fdsf nflu b"/ufdL ;xeflutfsf] cfjZostf kg]{ x'gfn] o; lsl;dsf ;]jfx¿ :yfgLo txdf pknAw u/fOg' k5{ hxfF kmls{Psf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ cfˆgf] b}lgs hLjgdf c;/ gx'g] u/L of] ;]jfaf6 nfeflGjt x'g ;S5g\ .

74 ;femf ynf] <

a}wflgs k|df0fkqsf nflu ;xf/fsf] cefj M a}wflgs k|df0fkqsf nflu ;xf/fsf] cefj M

cGtlq{mofdf ;xefuL clwsf+z ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿n] ljjfx , hGd / gful/stf k|df0fkq h:tf cfjZos sfuhft gx'gfn] /f]huf/sf nflu ;d:of ef]Ug' k/]sf] atfP . ljbf ul/Psfx¿nfO{ nlIft k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hx¿df o; lsl;dsf a}wflgs sfuhftsf nflu ;xof]uL ;+oGqx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] lyPg t/ xfnsf n8fs'x¿nfO{ k'gf:yf{kg Kofs]h cGtu{t of] ljifonfO{ dgg ub}{ ;dflxt ul/g' k5{ h;n] k"/} ;d'bfonfO{ tgfj/lxt /xg d2t u5{ .

k|efjsf/L t6:y cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ;+oGqsf] cefj k|efjsf/L t6:y cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ;+oGqsf] cefj

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 cGtu{t ;z:q zlQmx¿ / ;z:q ;d"xx¿åf/f k|efljt afnaflnsf -l;PPPkmPhL_ ;d"x / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ljsf; sfo{s|d -o'Pgl8kL_ sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ;d'bfoåf/f Kofs]hsf] k|efjsfl/tf, ljbf ul/Psfx¿n] Kofs]hsf] pko'Qm pkof]u ug{ g;Sg'sf] sf/0f / ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿ sxfF s] ub}{5g\ eGg] af/] cg'udg ug]{ Ps 5'§} ;+oGq :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . t/ s]xL gful/s ;dfh / ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿ pQm sfo{sf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 geO{ Ps 5'§} t6:y ;+oGq :yfkgf x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff /fV5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm cg'dug d"Nofª\g sfo{qmd nlIft p2]Zosf] ;kmntfsf] n]vfhf]vfdf dfq s]lGb|t geOsg pQm sfo{qmdsf] åGå / ;'/Iff ;Gbe{df s:tf] c;/ /x]sf] 5 eGg] k|efjsf ;Gbe{df klg nlIft 5 . o;n] ;Daf]wg ul/g'kg]{ sfof{Gjog kIf aLrsf] vf8n klg klxrfg ug'{k5{ . ;fy} ;fd'bflos k'g:yf{kg ;ldltn] :yfgLo txdf sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg / sfo{qmddf ;dflxt /fli6«o :t/sf] t6:y cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ;+oGqnfO{ ;"lrt ug]{ s8Lsf] ?kdf sfd ug'{kb{5 . s

:j]R5fn] 5f8]sf :j]R5fn] 5f8]sf@)@ / ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejsf] t'ngf M / ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf cg'ejsf] t'ngf M

3/fo;L hLjgdf kmls{P/ cfTdlge{/ tj/af6 afFRg]x¿sf] ;ª\qmd0fsfn ;lhnf];Fu JotLt ePsf] efg x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu :Jf]R5fn] lzlj/ 5f8]sfx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL sfo{x¿df yf]/} dfq r'gf}tL /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;fd'bflos :jLs[lt ;xh /x]sf] 5 . oBlk c? r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ gh/ cGbfh ug{ eg] ldNb}g . s]xL eg] o;df …cof]UoÚ sf] bfu gnfu]sf]n] / sltkon] ;d'bfoaf6 dfcf]jfbL ;]gf;Fusf] gftf tf]l8Psfn] pgLx¿nfO{ ;lhnf] ePsf] ts{ cl3 ;f5{g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm s]xL k"j{ n8fs'x¿n] cfˆg} k|oTgdf ;kmn pBdx¿ ;~rfngdf lnOcfPsf 5g\ . of] klg sf/0f x'g;S5 ls :j]R5fn] 5f8\g]x¿nfO{ ;d'bfodf 3'nldn x'g nfdf] ;do lyof] / ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿nfO{ z'?sf s]xL ;d:of xn u/]kZrft o:t} ;xh l:ylt /xg]5 . xfnsf ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL 7f]; kf7 l;Sg :j]R5fn] kmls{Psf n8fs'x¿sf] cg'ej ;DaGwL yk uxg cWoog x'g' kmfObfhgs 5 .

@)@ o; cGt/ut k|d0fLs/0f k|s[of cl3g} lzlj/ 5fl8hfg]x? kb{5g\ ægb]lvPsfx?Æ -$,))* cof]Uo n8fs' dWo] !,^!$ n8fs'x? lgj{xg ;df/f]xdf pkl:yt lyPgg\ .

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k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg k|lqmof;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt,k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg k|lqmof;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt,lgod–sfg'gx¿sf] ljZn]if0f / k|efjsf/L gLltsf nflu lgod–sfg'gx¿sf] ljZn]if0f / k|efjsf/L gLltsf nflu l;kmfl/zx¿ M l;kmfl/zx¿ M

;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgf;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] w]/} ;fGble{s lgod–sfg'gx¿ 5g\ . oL dWo] s]xLn] ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg k|lqmof;Fu k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ x'Fbf pNn]lvt k|lqmofx¿sf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogsf ;jfnx¿df Vofn ul/g' k5{ . ToxfF c? klg w]/} gLltut k|Zgx¿ 5g\ h;n] ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] sfof{Gjogsf ;jfndf ljleGg txsf] k|efj /fVb5g\ . of] v08n] o; k|s[ltsf gLlt lgodx¿sf] ?k/]vf k|:t't u5{ ;fy} o;n] ltgLx¿nfO{ s;/L yk k|efsf/L agfpg] eGg] ;jfndf l;kmfl/zx¿ klg k|:t't u5{ . ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg kl/of]hgf cGtu{t ljBdfg j}wflgs 9fFrfnfO{ Vofn ul/g' k5{ / sxfF ljwfg cyf{t\ lgod–sfg'g ;+zf]wg jf d;f}bf tof/ ug]{ eGg] s'/fsf] klxrfg ug'{k5{ .

� j[xt\ zflGt ;Demf}tf -l;lkP_ / cGtl/d ;+ljwfg cGt{ut /x]/ ;xL ?kdf s;/L ;dfof]hg / j[xt\ zflGt ;Demf}tf -l;lkP_ / cGtl/d ;+ljwfg cGt{ut /x]/ ;xL ?kdf s;/L ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg] Mk'g:yf{kgnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg] M

;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofnfO{ s;/L cufl8 a9fpg] eGg] :ki6 lgb]{lzsfdf ;a} kf6L{x¿n] cf}krfl/s ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{ l;kmfl/z k|:t't ug'{ jf ;'emfj lbg' pko'Qm x'g]5 . j[xt\ zflGt ;Demf}tf / cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf ;fy} c? gLltx¿n] o:tf cGt/–;DalGwt k|ls|ofx¿nfO{ s;/L cufl8 a9fpg] eGg] af/]df :ki6 lgb]{zg lbFb}gg\ a? dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿sf] /]vb]v ,;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgsf] hgfb]z ljz]if ;ldltnfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . t/ k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] -s'g}a]nf ;dfof]lht_ ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ gLltut lg0f{ox¿nfO{ ljz]if ;ldltsf] dftxtdf /fVbf ljz]if ;ldlt -a[xt\ zflGt ;Demf}tf,a'Fbf cyf{t\ wf/f $=$_ ;dfof]hgnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] s'/fdf ;xdltsf] ;Da4{g ug]{ zlQmsf] cefjdf gLlt–lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf /f]sfj6 cfpg] vt/f x'G5 .

g]kfnL ;]gf -a'Fbf cyf{t\ wf/f $=&_ sf] k|hftfGqLs/0fn] ;dfof]hg k|lqmofdf Ps dxTjk"0f{ sbdsf] k|ltlglwTj u5{ . /fli6«o / ;dfj]zL :j?ksf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ k|hftflGqs k'gM;+/rgfnfO{ 7fpF lbFb} / g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ k|hftGq / dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL k|lzIf0f lbFb} j[xt\ zflGt ;Demf}tfn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] g]kfnL ;]gfdf / c? ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df ;dfof]hgsf] s'/f u/]sf]5 . a'Fbf -cfl6{sn_ $=* n] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] /fHoleq x'g] d'Vo e"ldsfsf] ?k/]vf sf]5{ h;n] dxTjk"0f{ ;/f]sf/sf] ?kdf /x]sf] g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff lgsfosf] eljio / s'g cª\unfO{ s'g bfloTj lbg] eGGf] dxTjk"0f{ ;jfnnfO{ k|ltlalDat u5{ . To;}n] ;Ldf ;'/Iff an tyf cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff jnsf] lgdf{0f h:tf xfnsf ;f]rx¿ cufl8 a9fpFbf j[xt\ zflGt ;Demf}tfnfO{ Vofn ul/g' k5{ .

a'Fbf -wf/f_ !$$ / !$^ åf/f cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] clgjfo{ k|hftfGqLs/0f / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] /]vb]v, ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgsf] ljlws/0f u/]sf] 5 . o;n] ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL cgfaZos gLlt–lgodx¿sf ;fy} glthf :j?k cfPsf c;dembf/Lx¿sf] c:jLsf/ ug]{ x'Fbf cfzf nfUbf] tj/af6 k|lqmofnfO{ yk pQ/bfoL agfpg d2t u5{ .

� ljz]if ;ldlt / k|fljlws ;ldltåf/f dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿sf] /]vb]v ,;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgsf] ;kmn ljz]if ;ldlt / k|fljlws ;ldltåf/f dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿sf] /]vb]v ,;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf nflu /fhgLlts ;xdltnfO{ alnof] agfpm M sfof{Gjogsf nflu /fhgLlts ;xdltnfO{ alnof] agfpm M

ljz]if ;ldlt / k|fljlws ;ldltsf] :yfkgfn] j[xt\ zflGt ;Demf}tf / cGtl/d ;lDjwfgsf] efjgf cg';f/ ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg k|ls|of cufl8 a9fpg dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/sf] k|ltlglwTj u5{ . ljz]if ;ldlt / k|fljlws ;ldltsf] clwb]zn] ;dfof]hgsf nflu ;'emfj of]Uo ;"rgfsf] cfjZostfsf ;fy} k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hsf] ;xL Joj:yfkgsf] cfjZostf klxrfg u5{ . ljz]if ;ldltsf] sfo{If]qut zt{x¿ -l6cf]cf/_ n] ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg k|ls|of cufl8 a9fpg o;sf] e"ldsf :ki6 ?kdf sf]/]sf] ePtf klg /fhgLlts sdLx¿ / c? afXo zlQmx¿sf] k6s–k6ssf] cj/f]wsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ d'Vo ;d:ofx¿df ;dembf/L a9\g ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . k|fljlws ;ldltsf sfo{If]qut zt{x¿ -l6cf]cf/_ ljz]if ;ldltsf sfo{If]qut zt{x¿af6 s;/L ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg k|ls|ofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg' k5{ eGg] s'/fdf :ki6 5 t/ km]l/ d'Vo ;d:ofx¿df /fhgLlts ;xdltsf] cefjn] k|fljlws ;ldltsf sfo{If]qut zt{x¿df pNn]v u/] cg';f/sf] ;do ;Ldfdf sfo{ ;DkGg x'g eg] ;s]sf] 5}g .

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� ;/sf/sf] ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg sfo{ of]hgfsf] k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ a9fpm M ;/sf/sf] ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg sfo{ of]hgfsf] k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ a9fpm M

;/sf/n] hgj/L @)!) df agfPsf] ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg sfo{ of]hgfn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfnfO{ /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;dfof]hg u/]/ x'G5 cyjf ;dflhs hLjgdf k'g:yf{kg u/]/ x'G5, pgLx¿sf] ;kmn Joj:yfkgsf] ;do ;Ldf tof/ u/]sf] 5 . Tof] of]hgfn] ;dfof]hgsf] cfwf/ tof/ kf/]sf] ePtf klg Tof] k|efjsf/L gx'gfn] To;n] k'g:yf{kg k|ls|of cufl8 a9fpg ;s]sf] 5}g . pbfx/0fsf lglDt ljz]if ;ldlt / k|fljlws ;ldltn] pNn]v u/] cg';f/ k'g:yf{kgsf ljleGg Kofs]hx¿ ;DaGwL hfgsf/L, ;a} ljsNkx¿sf] ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]6Lsg k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿nfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ x'G5 . t/ Ps JolQmnfO{ of] hfgssf/L lng / ljsNk /f]Hg b; ldg]6 dfq lbOof] . o; ;Gbe{df /fhgLlts cf:yf / efjgfTds af}l4s :t/sf sf/0fn] , of] of]hgfn] dfcf]jfbL n 8fs''x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgnfO{ bL3{sfnLg sfo{lbzftkm{ n}hfnf h:tf] b]lvFb}g . of] of]hgfn] ;'/Iff lgsfoleq k|j]z ug{ nfu]sfx¿sf lglDt pgLx¿sf] lgwf{l/t kb adf]lhs tflnd lbg'kg]{ s'/fdf cem a9L hfgsf/L lbnfpg ;SYof] . ;dfof]hg ul/g' kg]{ k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf] ;+Vof / pgLx¿n] lnO/x]sf] tflndsf] jt{dfg l:ylt af/] zL3| hfgsf/L x'g'k5{ . o:tf kIfx¿nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ dfq pko'Qm Pj+ lbuf] tflndsf sfo{s|dx¿sf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 . sfo{ of]hgfn] ;do tflnsfsf] k|ls|ofdf klg hf]8 b]cf];\ eGg] s'/fdf x]Ssf /fVg'k5{ . t/ sfo{ of]hgfsf q'l6x¿n] k|ls|of cufl8 a9fpg ;dembf/Lsf] cefj / /fhg}lts ;xdltsf] dxTj b'j}nfO{ /]vfª\lst ub{5 .

� k|efjsf/L ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg k|ls|ofsf] ;xof]usf lglDt n8fs' / xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg k|efjsf/L ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg k|ls|ofsf] ;xof]usf lglDt n8fs' / xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg ;DaGwdf ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog M ;DaGwdf ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog M

n8fs' / xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf -PPdPdPP_ n] ;}4flGts ?kdf Ps ljz]if dgf]jn a9fpg] pkfosf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 , h;n] a[xt\ zflGt ;Demf}tf -l;lkP_ , cGtl/d ;+ljwfg h:tf hf/L zflGt k|ls|of;Fu hf]l8Psf ;Demf}tfx¿;Fu} zflGt k|ls|ofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . o;n] ;/sf/sf] / PsLs[t g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] xltof/ k|of]u gug]{ argj4tf / ;dfof]hg Pj+ k'g:yf{kgsf] k|ls|of k"/f geP;Dd lgikIf t];|f] kIf;Fu ldn]/ xltof/ / n8fs'sf] Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg ug]{ s'/fnfO{ :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ub{5 . n8fs' / xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf -PPdPdPP_ n] ;dfof]hgsf nflu ;Defljt of]Uo dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿ -lzlj/leq btf{ ePsf, pgLx¿n] lgwf{l/t dfkb08 kfng ug'{ kb{5_ / cof]Uo 7xl/Psf dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿sf] lgwf{/0f ug'{ afx]s ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgsf] k|ls|ofdf s'g} k|ToIf c;/ kfb}{g . t/ o;n] dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf] ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg ul/g] jftfj/0fdf eg] c;/ kfb{5 . xltof/ Pj+ n8fs' Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udgdf dgf]an a9fpg] pkfox¿sf] sfof{Gjog x'g' kb{5 lsgeg] ;dfof]hgeGbf cl3 g]kfnL ;]gf / dfcf]jfbLaLr, clg ;d'bfo / dfcf]jfbLaLr ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug'{ cTofjZos 5 . t/ ;dembf/Lsf] kfngf geP / pNn+3gx¿ g/f]lsP ;Demf}tfsf] ljk/Lt c;/ kg{ ;S5 .

l/kf]l6{Ë, k|df0fLs/0f / cg'udg k|ls|ofsf s|ddf k|fKt ul/Psf hfgsf/Lx¿ ;dfof]hg k|ls|ofsf] 9fFrf / To;sf] sfof{Gjog lglDt d"NoxLg aGb5g\ . cem rfv nfUbf] s'/f t of] 5 ls :jLs[t ul/Psf sfo{x¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{n] ;dfhdf /x]sf ;a} txsf /fhgLlts Pj+ ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgnfO{ ;'ne agfpF5 . /fHosf b'j} ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ -ljz]ifu/L g]kfnL ;]gf_ / dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿n] ;Demf}tf cg'?k :jLs[lt kfPsf sfo{x¿ ug'{ kb{5 . ;fdfGotof zflGt k|ls|ofsf nflu rflxg] j[xt\ ;fdflhs :jLsfo{tf / hg;dy{g k|fKt ug{sf nflu o;n] ;}Go vt/fnfO{ Go"g ug{ ljsf;sf sfo{x¿, dfgjLo p4f/, ;fdflhs–cly{s ls|ofsnfk, vt/fd'Qm ;}Go;fdu|Lsf] cfk"lt{, lrlsT;f p4f/ -d]l8sn OEofs'P;g_ ;dfj]z ub{5 .

� ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 , ;'/Iff kl/ifbn] jxg ug'{ kg]{ ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgsf k|ls|ofx¿ M ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 , ;'/Iff kl/ifbn] jxg ug'{ kg]{ ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgsf k|ls|ofx¿ M

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, ;'/Iff kl/ifb l/hf]n';g –!#@% n] n}ª\lustfnfO{ åGå / åGå kZrftsf Ph]G8fx¿nfO{ :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . To;df lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g;{dfof]hg -k'g:yf{kgf / ;dfof]hg;lxt_ sf] 9fFrf / sfof{GjognfO{ k|efj kfg]{ d'Vo a'Fbfx¿ pNn]v 5 .

pbfx/0fsf lglDt kfFr gDa/ a'Fbfn] zflGt sfod /fVg] ls|ofsnfkx¿df n}ª\lustfsf] b[li6sf]0fsf] ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] dxTjnfO{ hf]8 lbG5 / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf :ynut ls|ofsnfkx¿leq klg n}ª\lus cª\u ;dfj]z ug{ cfu|x ub{5 . a'Fbf ̂ n] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf dxf;lrjnfO{ ;b:o /fi6«x¿nfO{ tflnd k|bfg ug{, dfu{ lgb]{zg ug{, dlxnf clwsf/ / ljz]if cfjZostfx¿sf] /Iff ug{sf lglDt ;fdu|Lx¿ k|bfg ug{ Pj+ zflGt sfod ug{ / zflGt lgdf{0fsf nflu v6]sf dlxnfx¿sf] dxTjdfly hf]8 lbg ;d]t cfu|x ub{5 . o;n] ;b:o /fi6«x¿nfO{

;]km/jN8{ 7777

cfkm\gf] ;}Go tyf hg–k|x/Lx¿sf] kl/rfgnsf lglDt lbOg] /fli6«o tflnd sfo{s|ddf o:tf tTjx¿ ;dfj]z ug{sf nflu cfdlGqt ub{5 / dxf;lrjnfO{ zflGt sfod ug{ vl6Psf gful/sx¿n] klg o:tf tflnd kfPsf 5g\ eGg]df lglZrt x'g k'gMcfu|x ub{5 .

To; sf/0f ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, ;'/Iff kl/ifb l/hf]n';g–!#@% a'Fbf % / ̂ sf] ;dfof]hg Pj+ k'g:yf{kgsf] k|ls|ofdf j}wflgs / k|tLsfTds k|efj /xG5 . h:tf] ls clk|n, @)!) df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] zflGt ;]gfdf cfkm\gf hjfgx¿ k7fpg] ! ;o !% /fi6«x¿dWo] g]kfnn] % xhf/ # ;o !* hjfgx¿ -% xhf/ @ ;o #^ k'?if / *@ dlxnf_ v6fP/ 5}6f}+ :yfg k|fKt u¥of] .

To;sf/0f o'Pgo;l;cf/ – !#@$ n] ;dfof]hg k|lqmofnfO{ k|efj kfb{5 . atfOP adf]lhd dlxnf ;}lgs / dlxnf k|x/L hjfgx¿ zflGt ;]gfsf cleGg cª\u aGg' kb{5 h;sf] of]hgf g]kfn /fi6«n] cfpFbf dlxgf / jif{df agfpg] 5 .

!#@% n] ;]gf / k|x/L hjfgnfO{ ljz]ifu/L n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLntfsf cfwf/df Jofj;foLs/0f ug{] dfly argj4tf hgfP klg o'l;lkPg—odn] dlxnfsf] ;zQmLs/0f ug{sf lglDt ;}Go ljrf/dfly hf]8 lbg' / /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ — ljz]if u/L g]kfnL ;]gf Tof] sfo{ ug{ c;Ifd x'g' k|tLsfTds s'/f klg xf] . To;sf/0f gofF ;dfof]lht /fHo ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ o'Pgo;l;cf/ !#@% af6 j}wflgs ?kdf n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLntfsf l;4fGtaf6 afFlwg]5g\ .

To; cltl/Qm o'Pgo;l;cf/ !#@% n] n}ª\lus / k'g:yf{kgf ;DdlGwt ljz]if dxTjsf b'O{ yk aFbfx¿nfO{ pNn]v ub{5 . cf7f}+ aF'bfn] zflGt jftf{ / ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ n}ª\lus b[[li6sf]0f ckgfpg ;Dk"0f{ sfo{–kIfx¿nfO{ cfu|x ub{5 . h:tf] ls …-s_ Ifltk"lt{ lbbfF ,k'g:yf{kg, k'g;{dfof]hg / åGå kZrftsf] k'glg{df{0fsf a]nf dlxnf / s]6Lx¿sf] ljz]if cfjZostf . Ú To;;Fu} aF'bf !# n] æ lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g;{dfof]hgsf] of]hgfdf ;+nUg /x]sf ;a}nfO{ k"a{ k"?if ÷dlxnf n8fs'x¿ / pgLx¿dfly cl>t ;a}sf] cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg k|f]T;fxg ub{5 . Æ o'Pgo;;Lcf/ !#@% af6 x]bf{, k'g:yfkgf ;DaGwL gLlt Pj+ sfo{qmdn] w]/} ;+Vofdf /x]sf dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf] ;kmn k'g:yf{kg / pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/sf] ;IfdtfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL n}ª\lus—;+j]bgzLntfsf] kIfnfO{ ;dfpg' kb{5 .

o'Pgo;l;cf/ !*@), !***, / !*@) n] klg åGå kZrftsf] k'glg{df{0fdf n}ª\lustf / dlxnf clwsf/x¿nfO{ /]vfª\sg ub{5 / l8l8cf/;Fu hf]l8Psf ljleGg sfo{j|mdsf] k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg;lxtsf] 9fFrf / sfo{GjognfO{ k|efj kfg{] s]xL dxTjk"0f{ a'Fbfx¿ pNn]v ub{5 . ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg k|lj|mofx¿ tn pNn]lvt P]g, sfg'g / j}wflgs Joj:yfk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g'kb{5, cyjf of]hgfx¿n] j}wflgs Joj:yfsf] s'g 7fpFdf ;+zf]wg ug]{ jf cfjZos Joj:yfsf nflu th{'df ug]{ eGg] s'/f klxrfg ug'{ kb{5 .

� � ;}lgs P]g -@))^_;}lgs P]g -@))^_

;dfof]lht ul/g' kg]{ dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿ nufot ;}lgs ;d"xleq etL{ ul/Psf s;}n] klg ;}lgs P]gleq pNn]v ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ sfg'gsf] kfngf ug{' kb{5 . oBlk ToxfF ;dfof]hg k|lj|mofdfly k|efj kfg{] ljleGg P]gx¿ 5g\ - h:tf] ls v08 b'O{ / tLg _ v08 rf/ eg] egf{sf] dfkb08dflysf] ljjfbdf s]lGb|t 5 . olb ljz]if ?kdf k"j{ of]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] ;d"xut k|j]zdfly ;dembf/L ePdf of] v08 -

/ c? ljwfgn] ;'/Iff lgsfoleq egf{sf] dfkb08nfO{ ls6fg ub{5_ sf] ;+zf]wg cfjZos x'g;Sb5 . v08 rf/n] Gofo k|zf;gdf ;+nUg s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ M

-s_s'g} klg ;+3, ;+:yf :yfkgf ug{, ;+rfng ug{, ;b:o aGg , ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ cyjf pgLx¿n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{j|mddf ;xefuL x'g ,

-v_s'g} klg ;efdf ;xefuL x'g, efif0f lbg , s'g} JolQm cyjf ;d"xn] /fhgLlts p2]Zon] cfof]hgf u/]sf] k|b{zgdf ;xefuL aGg .

-u_ s'g} klg kf]:6/, kq klqsfx¿ 5fKg -bkmf !(-!_Æ P]g adf]lhd :jLsf/ ub{}g . To;sf nflu ;dfof]lht x'g nfu]sf dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿n] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{df cfkm\gf] ;+nUgtf vf/]h ug'{ kb{5 .

To;;Fu} k|hftflGqs ;]gfsf ?kdf ;+rfng ug{] v08 b'O{sf] s/f/ ;dfof]hgsf] eljiosf lglDt klg dxTjk"0f{ 5 . …g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;+:yfkgf / Joj:yfkgÚ v08n] s;/L ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, k|of]u / kl/rfng /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbleq kb{5 / gful/sk|ltsf] bfloTj ;+;bleqsf] ;'/Iff ljz]if sld6Ln] ub{5 eGg] ljj/0f k|:t't ub{5 . of] v08n] ;/sf/sf] :jLs[tL kfPkl5 g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;+Vof / ;+/rgfdfly ;'emfjx¿ lbg] lhDd]jf/L /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb xf] egL ls6fg

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ub{5 . To;sf/0f o;}n] ;Dk"0f{ ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] 9fFrf / cfsf/ klg lgwf{l/t ub{5 , h;leq dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿ ;dfof]lht x'g]jfnf 5g\ .

� � ;z:q k|x/L an P]g -;g\ @))!_ ;z:q k|x/L an P]g -;g\ @))!_

;z:q k|x/L an P]gdf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;dfof]hg;Fu ljz]if ;DaGw /fVg] bkmfx¿ -cfl6{sN;_ yf]/} ;+Vofdf dfq 5g\ . bkmf -wf/f_ #=@ , pkv08 ! n] ;z:q k|x/L ansf] cfsf/;Fu ;DalGwt lg0f{ox¿ ug]{ lhDdf ;/sf/sf] xsdf /fVb5 .

pQm P]gn] etL{ k|ls|of / cfjZostf ;DaGwL w]/} Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 h;n] dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿sf] ;z:q k|x/L andf x'g] ;dfof]hgnfO{ ;Lwf c;/ kf5{ . t/ ToxfF egf{ x'gsf] nflu sfg'gn] kl/efiff u/]cg';f/ ljz]if dfkb08 gx'gfn] of] s]xL xb;Dd ;Demf}tfsf] nflu v'nf x'g;S5 .

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� � ;z:q k|x/L an clwlgod -;g\ @))#_ ;z:q k|x/L an clwlgod -;g\ @))#_

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g]kfn cfdL{ / ;z:q k|x/L an P]gsf] ;jfndf ;z:q k|x/L jn clwlgod cGt{ut w]/} bkmfx¿ 5g\ . h;n] ;z:q k|x/L an clwsf/LnfO{ ;lqmo /fhgLltdf cu|;/ x'gaf6 al~rt u5{ . of] Pp6f ljjfb lgDTofpg] vfnsf] ;d:of x'g;S5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu , bkmf -wf/f_ ̂ ^ n] lglb{i6 u/]cg';f/ …;z:q k|x/L an s'g} /fhgLlts ;+:yf;Fu ;DalGwt /xg', s'g} klg /fhgLlts ;+:yfnfO{ ;xof]usf] ?kdf rGbf lbg'sf ;fy} s'g} klg lsl;dn], s'g} klg tj/af6 s'g} /fhgLlts ;+:yf jf cfGbf]ngnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ sfo{ ug'{af6 6f8f /xG5 .Ú

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� � k|x/L P]g, -;g\ !(^^_k|x/L P]g, -;g\ !(^^_

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;d"x 5nkmnx¿ :yfg 5nkmn ldlt ;xefuL ;+Vof

pd]/ ;d"x k[i7e"ld / cj:yf

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k'?if s}nfnL !^÷)#÷@)!) !$ @!–#) dfcf]jfbL n8fs'

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dlxnf ;'v]{t @%÷)#÷@)!) !# @!–#) dfcf]jfbL n8fs'

k'?if ;'v]{t @%÷)#÷@)!) !$ @!–#) dfcf]jfbL n8fs'

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jt{dfg k'?if n8fs' Onfd @%÷)@÷@)!) @!–#) dw];L ;d'bfo, ;]S;g sdf08/

jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' Onfd @^÷)@÷@)!) @!–#) c1ft

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jt{dfg k'?if n8fs' s}nfnL !)÷)#÷@)!) @!–#) Knf6'g sdf08/

jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' s}nfnL !)÷)#÷@)!) @!–#) c1ft

jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' s}nfnL !)÷)#÷@)!) @!–#) c1ft

jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' s}nfnL !)÷)#÷@)!) @!–#) a|fXd0f ;d'bfo

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jt{dfg k'?if n8fs' s}nfnL !^÷)#÷@)!) @!–#) yf? ;d'bfo

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jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' s}nfnL !*÷)#÷@)!) @^–#% yf? ;d'bfo, a6flnog pk sdf08/

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jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' ;'v]{t @%÷)#÷@)!) @!–#) c1ft

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jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' gjnk/f;L @@÷)$÷@)!) @!–#) c1ft

jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' gjnk/f;L @#÷)$÷@)!) @^–#% Knf6'g pk sdf08/

jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' gjnk/f;L @#÷)$÷@)!) @!–#) blnt ;d'bfo

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jt{dfg k'?if n8fs' gjnk/f;L @#÷)$÷@)!) @!–#) IfqL ;d'bfo, ;]S;g sdf08/

jt{dfg k'?if n8fs' gjnk/f;L @#÷)$÷@)!) @!–#) blnt ;d'bfo, Knf6'g pk sdf08/

jt{dfg k'?if n8fs' gjnk/f;L @#÷)$÷@)!) @!–#) du/ ;d'bfo, Knf6'g sdf08/

jt{dfg k'?if n8fs' gjnk/f;L @#÷)$÷@)!) @^–#% yf? ;d'bfo

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jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' gjnk/f;L @#÷)$÷@)!) @^–#% yf? ;d'bfo,;]S;g pk sdf08/

jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' gjnk/f;L @#÷)$÷@)!) @^–#% a|fXd0f ;d'bfo, ;]S;g sdf08/

jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' gjnk/f;L @#÷)$÷@)!) @^–#% a|fXd0f ;d'bfo, Knf6'g sdf08/

jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' gjnk/f;L @#÷)$÷@)!) @^–#% Knf6'g sdf08/

jt{dfg dlxnf n8fs' /f]Nkf @)÷)%÷@)!) @!–#) du/ ;d'bfo

jt{dfg k'?if n8fs' /f]Nkf @)÷)%÷@)!) @!–#) IfqL ;d'bfo

jt{dfg k'?if n8fs' l;Gw'kfNrf]s )(÷)^÷@)!) @!–#) blnt ;d'bfo

jt{dfg k'?if n8fs' dsjfgk'/ !&÷)^÷@)!) @!–#) tfdfª ;d'bfo, Knf6'g pk sdf08/

jt{dfg k'?if n8fs' dsjfgk'/ !&÷)^÷@)!) @!–#) nfdf ;d'bfo

z[ªz[ª\\vnf @M k"jvnf @M k"j{{ n8fs'x¿ -cof n8fs'x¿ -cof]]Uo Uo // :j :j]]R5fnR5fn]] 5f8 5f8]]sf_ ;Fusf 5nkmnx¿sf_ ;Fusf 5nkmnx¿

Ps–Ps hgf;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{ Ps–Ps hgf;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{

cGtjftf{sf ;xefuL :yfg cGtjf{tf{ ldlt

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:j]R5f ÷ ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' Onfd !&÷)@÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf]

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' Onfd @@÷)@÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf]

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' Onfd @#÷)@÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf]

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' Onfd @%÷)@÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf]

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' Onfd @%÷)@÷@)!) !^–@% :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' Onfd @%÷)@÷@)!) !^–@% :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' s}nfnL )*÷)#÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf]

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' s}nfnL )*÷)#÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf]

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' s}nfnL )*÷)#÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf]

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' s}nfnL )*÷)#÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf]

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' s}nfnL )(÷)#÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf]

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' s}nfnL !)÷)#÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf]

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' s}nfnL !!÷)#÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf]

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' s}nfnL !!÷)#÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf]

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' s}nfnL !!÷)#÷@)!) !^–@% :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' s}nfnL !!÷)#÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf]

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' s}nfnL !@÷)#÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf]

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' ;'v]{t @@÷)#÷@)!) @^–#% :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' ;'v]{t @#÷)#÷@)!) @^–#% :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' ;'v]{t @$÷)#÷@)!) @^–#% :j]R5f

Ps–Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ Ps–Ps hgf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ qmdz

;]km/jN8{ 8383

cGtjftf{sf ;xefuL :yfg cGtjf{tf{ ldlt

pd]/ ;d"x

:j]R5f ÷ ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' l;Gw'nL )*÷)$÷@)!) @!–#) :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' l;Gw'nL )(÷)$÷@)!) @!–#) :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' l;Gw'nL !@÷)$÷@)!) @!–#) :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' l;Gw'nL !(÷)$÷@)!) #!–$) :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' l;Gw'nL !@÷)$÷@)!) @^–#% :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' l;Gw'nL !@÷)$÷@)!) @!–#) :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' l;Gw'nL !@÷)$÷@)!) @!–#) :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' gjnk/f;L @)÷)$÷@)!) @!–#) :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' gjnk/f;L @)÷)$÷@)!) @!–#) :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' gjnk/f;L @)÷)$÷@)!) @^–#% :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' gjnk/f;L @!÷)$÷@)!) @^–#% :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' gjnk/f;L @%÷)$÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' gjnk/f;L @%÷)$÷@)!) #!–$) :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' gjnk/f;L @^÷)$÷@)!) #!–$) :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' gjnk/f;L @&÷)$÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' gjnk/f;L @&÷)$÷@)!) @!–#) :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' lrtjg @*÷)$÷@)!) @^–#% :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' bfª !#÷)$÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' bfª !^÷)%÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' bfª !^÷)%÷@)!) @!–#) :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' /f]Nkf @)÷)%÷@)!) @!–#) :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' /f]Nkf @)÷)%÷@)!) @!–#) :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' /f]Nkf @)÷)%÷@)!) !^–@% :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' /f]Nkf @)÷)%÷@)!) @^–#% :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' /f]Nkf @)÷)%÷@)!) @^–#% :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' l;Gw'kfNrf]s )*÷)^÷@)!) @!–#) :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' l;Gw'kfNrf]s )*÷)^÷@)!) @^–#% :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' l;Gw'kfNrf]s )*÷)^÷@)!) @!–#) :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' l;Gw'kfNrf]s )(÷)^÷@)!) @^–#% :j]R5f

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' l;Gw'kfNrf]s )(÷)^÷@)!) @^–#% :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' dsjfgk'/ !$÷)^÷@)!) #^–$% :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' dsjfgk'/ !&÷)*÷@)!) @^–#% :j]R5f

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' dsjfgk'/ !&÷)*÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' dsjfgk'/ !&÷)*÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' dsjfgk'/ !&÷)*÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' df]/ª )%÷)*÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' df]/ª )&÷)*÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' df]/ª )&÷)*÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' s}nfnL !!÷)*÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' s}nfnL !!÷)*÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ k'?if n8fs' s}nfnL !!÷)*÷@)!) @^–#% ljbf ul/Psf

k"j{ dlxnf n8fs' s}nfnL !@÷)*÷@)!) !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf

Ps–Ps hgf;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{ Ps–Ps hgf;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{ qmdz

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;xefuL :yfg ldlt ;xefuL ;+Vof

pd]/ ;d"x

:j]R5f÷ljbf ul/Psf

k'?if bfª !%÷)%÷@)!) !$ @!–#) n8fs' ;'ljwf ;lxt :j]R5fn]

ldl>t /f]Nkf !(÷)%÷@)!) !* @!–#) n8fs' ;'ljwf ;lxt :j]R5fn]

k'?if afFs] @!÷)%÷@)!) !& @!–#) ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'

k'?if afFs] @$÷)%÷@)!) !^ @!–#) ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'

ldl>t l;Gw'kfNrf]s )(÷)^÷@)!) !) @^–#% n8fs' ;'ljwf ;lxt :j]R5fn]

k'?if df]/ª )$÷)*÷@)!) ( !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'

k'?if l;/fxf )%÷)*÷@)!) @@ !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'

k'?if df]/ª )^÷)*÷@)!) ( !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'

k'?if s}nfnL !@÷)*÷@)!) # !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'

k'?if s}nfnL !@÷)*÷@)!) @ !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'

k'?if s}nfnL !#÷)*÷@)!) @ !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'

k'?if eQmk'/ !*÷)*÷@)!) @@ @!–#) ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'

k'?if eQmk'/ !*÷)*÷@)!) !& @!–#) ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'

ldl>t sf7df8f}+ !(÷)*÷@)!) @$ !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'

ldl>t sf7df8f{+ !(÷)*÷@)!) !* !^–@% ljbf ul/Psf n8fs'

z[ªz[ª\\vnf – # M ;d'bfox¿;Fusf 5nkmnx¿ vnf – # M ;d'bfox¿;Fusf 5nkmnx¿

lzlj/;Fu ;flGgWo /x]sf ;d'bfox¿;Fusf] nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnx¿ lzlj/;Fu ;flGgWo /x]sf ;d'bfox¿;Fusf] nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnx¿

;xefuL ;d"x :yfg 5nkmn ldlt ;xefuL ;+Vof

pd]/ ;d"x ;fdflhs–cfly{s l:ylt

dlxnf Onfd !*÷)@÷@)!) !% @^–%) 3/]n' sfd ug]{ k'?if jf dlxnf, s[ifs, ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo sfo{stf{, a]/f]huf/x¿

k'?if Onfd !*÷)@÷@)!) !% #!–%% s[ifs, cjsfzk|fKt ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, cWofksx¿

dlxnf Onfd @@÷)@÷@)!) !% @^–%) 3/]n' sfd ug]{, ;fgf Joj;foL, s[ifsx¿

dlxnf Onfd @@÷)@÷@)!) !% @^–%) 3/]n' sf ug]{, ;fgf Jofj;foL, s[ifsx¿

k'?if Onfd @@÷)@÷@)!) !$ #!–%% s[ifs, lrof k;n], cWofks, a]/f]huf/x¿

dlxnf Onfd @$÷)@÷@)!) !% @^–%) 3/]n' sfd ug]{, s[ifs, lrof k;n], a]/f]huf/x¿

k'?if Onfd @$÷)@÷@)!) !^ #!–%% s[ifs, lrof k;n], a]/f]huf/?

k'?if s}nfnL )*÷)#÷@)!) !& #!–%% s[ifs, >lds, lrof k;n], a]/f]huf/x¿

dlxnf s}nfnL )*÷)#÷@)!) !% @!–$% 3/]n' sfd ug]{, s[ifs, ljBfyL{x¿

dlxnf s}nfnL )(÷)#÷@)!) !% @^–%) 3/]n' sfd ug]{, s[ifs,>lds, a]/f]huf/x¿

k'?if s}nfnL )(÷)#÷@)!) !# @^–%) s[ifs, cWofks, k;n], a]/f]huf/x¿

dlxnf s}nfnL !!÷)#÷@)!) !$ @^–%) 3/]n' sfd ug]{, >lds, lrof k;n]x¿

k'?if s}nfnL !@÷)#÷@)!) !% @!–$% ljBfyL{, cWofks, :yfgLo Joj;foLx¿

dlxnf s}nfnL !@÷)#÷@)!) !^ @^–%) 3/]n' sfd ug]{, >lds, vfB k;n]x¿

dlxnf ;'v]{t @@÷)#÷@)!) !# @^–%) 3/]n' sfd ug]{, a]/f]huf/, ljBfyL{x¿

ldl>t ;'v]{t @#÷)#÷@)!) !* @^–%) 3/]n' sfd ug]{, s[ifs, >lds, a]/f]huf/, k;n]x¿

k'?if ;'v]{t @#÷)#÷@)!) !$ #!–%% s[ifs, ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, cWofksx¿

dlxnf ;'v]{t @#÷)#÷@)!) !$ @^–%) 3/]n' sfd ug]{, a]/f]huf/, lrof k;n]x¿

dlxnf ;'v]{t @$÷)#÷@)!) !% @^–%) 3/]n' sfd ug]{, a]/f]huf/x¿

k'?if ;'v]{t @$÷)#÷@)!) !% @^–%) s[ifs,Joj;foL, a]/f]huf/x¿

dlxnf ;Gw'nL )(÷)$÷@)!) !^ @^–%) s[ifs, 3/]n' sfd ug]{, lrof k;n], ljBfyLx¿

k'?if l;Gw'nL )(÷)$÷@)!) !% @^–%) s[ifs, k"j{ sd{rf/L, Joj;foLx¿

dlxnf l;Gw'nL !)÷)$÷@)!) !$ @^–%) dlxnf sfo{stf{,;fdflhs sfo{stf{,3/]n' sfdug]{x¿

k'?if l;Gw'nL !!÷)$÷@)!) !% @^–%) s[ifs, jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf ;b:o, lrof k;n]x¿

k'?if l;Gw'nL !#÷)$÷@)!) !% #!–%% 3/]n' sfd ug]{, df5f Joj;foL, v]tLkftLdf lhpg]x¿

dlxnf gjnk/f;L @$÷)$÷@)!) !# #!–%% 3/]n' sfd ug]{, a]/f]huf/, lrof k;n]x¿

ldl>t gjnk/f;L @^÷)$÷@)!) !% @^–%) cWofks, :s'n ;+rfnsx¿

ldl>t gjnk/f;L @&÷)$÷@)!) !& @^–%) lrof k;n], Joj;fo ;+rfnsx¿

dl>t gjnk/f;L @&÷)$÷@)!) !% @!–$% cWofks-ljBfno txsf_x¿

;]km/jN8{ 8585

cGo lhNnfsf nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf ;xefuLcGo lhNnfsf nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf ;xefuL

nlIft ;d"x5nkmnsf ;xefuL

:yfg 5nkmnsf] ldlt ;xefuL ;+Vof

pd]/ ;d"x ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f

ldl>t bfª !$÷)%÷@)!) !% @^–%) s[lifdf ;+nUgx¿, dhb'/x¿, a]/f]huf/

dlxnf bfª !$÷)%÷@)!) !* @^–%) ;fgf pBddf ;+nUg Aoa;foLx¿, art C0f dlxnf ;d"x, 3/sf] sfd ug]{x¿

dlxnf bfª !$÷)%÷@)!) !# @^–%) åGå kLl8t, a]/f]huf/, 3/df sfd ug]{x¿

dlxnf bfª !%÷)%÷@)!) !$ @!–$% åGå kLl8t, a]/f]huf/, 3/df sfd ug]{x¿

dlxnf xfk'/] uflj;, bfª !^÷)%÷@)!) !% @^–%) ljBfyL{, dlxnf ;d"xsf ;b:ox¿, s[lifdf ;+nUgx¿, 3/df sfd ug]{x¿

dlxnf l;kmf{ uflj;, /f]Nkf !&÷)%÷@)!) !* @^–%) ljBfyL{, dlxnf ;d"xsf ;b:ox¿, s[lifdf ;+nUgx¿, 3/df sfd ug]{x¿

dlxnf l;kmf{ uflj;, /f]Nkf !&÷)%÷@)!) !# @!–$% ;fd'bflos jgsf pkef]Qmfx¿, 3/df sfd ug]{x¿, s[lifdf ;+nUgx¿

ldl>t /]o'3f uflj;, /f]Nkf !(÷)%÷@)!) !^ #!–%% åGb kLl8tx¿, a]/f]huf/x¿, lzIfsx¿, 3/df sfd ug]{x¿, s[lifdf ;+nUgx¿

ldl>t uh'n uflj;, /f]Nkf @)÷)%÷@)!) !# #^–^) lzIfsx¿, s[lifdf ;+nUgx¿

k'?if sf]6ufp uflj;, /f]Nkf @)÷)%÷@)!) !% #!–%% lzIfsx¿ ,dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{stf{, lrof k;n]x¿, ;fgf n3' pBf]u Aofa;foLx¿

k'?if sf]xnk'/ uflj;, afs] @@÷)%÷@)!) @) #)–^) lzIfsx¿, lrof k;n]x¿, :yfgLo Aofa;foLx¿

dlxnf sf]xnk'/ uflj;, afs] @@÷)%÷@)!) !% #^–^) 3/df sfd ug]{x¿, lrof k;n]x¿, ;fgf n3' pBf]u Aofa;foLx¿

dlxnf sf]xnk'/ uflj;, afs] @@÷)%÷@)!) !) @^–%) 3/sf] sfd ug]{x¿, laBfyL{x¿, ;fd'bflos jgsf pkef]Qmfx¿, lzIfsx¿, ;fgf n3' pBf]u Aofa;foLx¿

dlxnf uh'l/of uflj;, alb{of @#÷)%÷@)!) !% @!–$% ljBfyL{x¿, :yfgLo u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfdf sfo{/tx¿, a]/f]huf/x¿

k'?if = uh'l/of uflj;, alb{of @#÷)%÷@)!) !% @^–%) 3/]n' Aoa;foLx¿, s[lifdf ;+nUgx¿

dlxnf sfsL{ ufpF uflj;, l;Gw'kfNrf]s

)(÷)^÷@)!) !# #!–%% 3/]n' Aoa;foLx¿, s[lifdf ;+nUgx¿

dlxnf sfsL{ ufpF uflj;, l;Gw'kfNrf]s

)(÷)^÷@)!) !& #^–^) ljBfyL{x¿, 3/]n' sfd ug]{x¿, s[lifdf ;+nUgx¿

dlxnf k]6\s' uflj;, l;Gw'kfNrf]s

)(÷)^÷@)!) !% #!–%%

k'?if y'dkfv/ uflj;, l;Gw'kfNrf]s

!)÷)^ ÷@)!) !% @^–%) lrofk;n]x¿, lzIfsx¿, s[lifdf ;+nUg

dlxnf x]6f}8f gu/kflnsf dsjfgk'/

!%÷)^ ÷@)!) !# @^–%) 3/]n' sfd ug]{x¿, dWo:tstf{ dlxnf ;b:ox¿, ;fgf n3' p3f]u Joj;foLx¿

dL>Lt x]6f+}8f gu/kflnsf dsjfgk'/

!%÷)^ ÷@)!) !% @^–%) ;d'bfout dWo:ystf{sf ;b:ox¿, s[lifdf ;+nUgx¿, lrofk;n] / :yfgLo k;n]x¿

k'?if x]6f}8f gu/kflnsf dsjfgk'/

!%÷)^ ÷@)!) !% #!–%% cWofks,jlsn,s[ifs, a]/f]huf/

dlxnf x]6f}8f gu/kflnsf dsjfgk'/

!&÷)^ ÷@)!) !& @!–$% ljBfyL{, dlxnf dWo:ystf{,3/]n' sfd ug]{, ;fgf tyf n3' Joj;foLx¿, ls;fgx¿

k'?if l;Gw'nL !!÷)$÷@)!) !% @^–%) s[ifs, jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf ;b:o, lrof k;n]x¿

k'?if l;Gw'nL !#÷)$÷@)!) !% #!–%% 3/]n' sfd ug]{, df5f Joj;foL, v]tLkftLdf lhpg]x¿

dlxnf gjnk/f;L @$÷)$÷@)!) !# #!–%% 3/]n' sfd ug]{, a]/f]huf/, lrof k;n]x¿

86 ;femf ynf] <

;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿, dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿ / åGå kLl8tsf kl/jf/x¿;Fu ;d"xdf lnOPsf] cGt{/jftf{;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿, dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿ / åGå kLl8tsf kl/jf/x¿;Fu ;d"xdf lnOPsf] cGt{/jftf{

cGt{/jftf{ lnOPsf x¿ :yfg ldlt cGt{/jftf{sf] ljj/0f

kl/jf/sf dlxnf ;b:ox¿ s}nfnL !^÷)#÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf kl/jf/

kl/jf/sf dlxnf ;b:ox¿ ;'v]{t @#÷)#÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf kl/jf/

kl/jf/sf dlxnf ;b:ox¿ ;'v]{t @$÷)#÷@)!) g]kfnL ;]gfsf hjfgsf] kl/jf/

ldl>t kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ gjnk/f;L @&÷)$÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf kl/jf/

kl/jf/sf dlxnf ;b:ox¿ bfª !#÷)%÷@)!) åGå kLl8t kl/jf/

kl/jf/sf k'?if ;b:ox¿ bfª !^÷)%÷@)!) åGå kLl8t kl/jf/

ldl>t kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ bfª !^÷)%÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf kl/jf/

ldl>t kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ bfª !^÷)%÷@)!) åGå kLl8t kl/jf/

kl/jf/sf dlxnf ;b:ox¿ /f]Nkf @)÷)%÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf kl/jf/

kl/jf/sf dlxnf ;b:ox¿ l;Gw'kfNrf]s !)÷)^÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf kl/jf/

ldl>t kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ l;Gw'kfNrf]s !)÷)^÷@)!) g]kfnL ;]gfsf hjfgsf] kl/jf/

kl/jf/sf k'?if ;b:ox¿ dsjfgk'/ !$÷)%÷@)!) åGå kLl8t kl/jf/

kl/jf/sf dlxnf ;b:ox¿ dsjfgk'/ !^÷)^÷@)!) åGå kLl8t kl/jf/

kl/jf/sf dlxnf ;b:ox¿ dsjfgk'/ !&÷)%÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf kl/jf/

kl/jf/sf dlxnf ;b:ox¿ dsjfgk'/ !&÷)%÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf kl/jf/

kl/jf/sf dlxnf ;b:ox¿ dsjfgk'/ !&÷)%÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf kl/jf/

z[ª\vnf – $ M k|d'v hfgsf/x¿;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{z[ª\vnf – $ M k|d'v hfgsf/x¿;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{

/fhgLlts kf6L{sf ;b:ox¿, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿, :yfgLo lgsfosf clwsf/Lx¿ / lghL If]qsf /fhgLlts kf6L{sf ;b:ox¿, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿, ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿, :yfgLo lgsfosf clwsf/Lx¿ / lghL If]qsf AolQmx¿;Fu lhNnf :t/df / sf7df08f}df lnOPs]f k|d'v hfgsf/x¿;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{ MAolQmx¿;Fu lhNnf :t/df / sf7df08f}df lnOPs]f k|d'v hfgsf/x¿;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{ M

cGtjf{tf lnOPsf k|d'v hfgsf/x¿

:yfg ldlt cGtjf{tf{ ljj/0f

k'?if Onfd !^÷)@÷@)!) Pdfn]sf kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if Onfd !^÷)@÷@)!) dfcf]jfbLsf kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if Onfd !^÷)@÷@)!) gful/s ;dfh

k'?if Onfd !&÷)@÷@)!) g]kfnL sfFu]|;sf kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if Onfd !&÷)@÷@)!) lnDj'jfgdf :j]R5fn] nfu]sf kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if Onfd !&÷)@÷@)!) pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 g]kfn– Jofkf/ ;d'bfo

k'?if Onfd !*÷)@÷@)!) blnt ;dfof]hg sld6L, gful/s ;dfh

dlxnf Onfd @!÷)@÷@)!) lzIfs,gful/s ;dfh

k'?if Onfd @!÷)@÷@)!) u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh

k'?if Onfd @!÷)@÷@)!) g]kfn k|x/L, ;'/IffsdL{

k'?if Onfd @@÷)@÷@)!) ;xf/f u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf

dlxnf Onfd @@÷)@÷@)!) ;d'bfo :jf:ysdL{ – gful/s ;dfh

k'?if Onfd @#÷)@÷@)!) jfOl;n g]tf

dlxnf Onfd @%÷)@÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ g]tf

dlxnf sf7df8f}+ )@÷)#÷@)!) ;ljwfg ;efsf ;b:o–/fhg}lts g]tf

k'?if s}nfnL )&÷)#÷@)!) Pdfn] kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if s}nfnL )*÷)#÷@)!) g]kfnL sfFu|]; kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if s}nfnL )(÷)#÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL ÷;ljwfg;ef ;b:o–/fhlglts kf6L{sf g]tf

k'?if s}nfnL )(÷)#÷@)!) Jofsjf8{ :j;flo6L o\h's]zg – u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf

dlxnf s}nfnL )(÷)#÷@)!) :yfgLo k|zf;s

dlxnf s}nfnL )(÷)#÷@)!) u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf – gful/s ;dfh

k'?if s}nfnL !!÷)#÷@)!) :yfgLo k|zf;s

dlxnf s}nfnL !!÷)#÷@)!) gful/s ;dfh

dlxnf s}nfnL !!÷)#÷@)!) gful/s ;dfh

k'?if s}nfnL !!÷)#÷@)!) :yfgLo k|zf;s

k'?if s}nfnL !!÷)#÷@)!) PgPrcf/;L–:yfgLo clwsf/L

k'?if s}nfnL !@÷)#÷@)!) :jfot kl/ifb -yf?_ /fhlglts kf6L{sf g]tf

dlxnf s}nfnL !@÷)#÷@)!) gful/s ;dfh

dlxnf s}nfnL !@÷)#÷@)!) gful/s ;dfh

k'?if s}nfnL !%÷)#÷@)!) gful/s ;dfh

;]km/jN8{ 87

cGtjf{tf lnOPsf k|d'v hfgsf/x¿

:yfg ldlt cGtjf{tf{ ljj/0f

k'?if s}nfnL !%÷)#÷@)!) Jofkf/ ;d'bfo

k'?if s}nfnL !%÷)#÷@)!) kqsf/– gful/s ;dfh

k'?if s}nfnL !^÷)#÷@)!) g]kfn k|x/L ,;'/IffsdL{

k'?if ;'v]{t @)÷)#÷@)!) gful/s ;dfh

k'?if ;'v]{t @)÷)#÷@)!) PkmPg;L;LcfO– Jofkf/ ;d'bfo

k'?if ;'v]{t @!÷)#÷@)!) /fli6«o k|hftlGqs kf6L{ –/fhgLlts g]tf

k'?if ;'v]{t @@÷)#÷@)!) kqsf/– gful/s ;dfh

k'?if ;'v]{t @@÷)#÷@)!) e"uf]nsf k|fWofks

dlxnf ;'v]{t @@÷)#÷@)!) sfg'gL ;Nnfxfsf/

k'?if ;'v]{t @@÷)#÷@)!) l;l8of] sfof{no–:yfgLo k|zf;g

k'?if ;'v]{t 22/03/2010 Pdg]:6L cGt/f{li6«o :yfgLo ;Nnfxsf/–gful/s ;dfh

dlxnf ;'v]{t 25/03/2010 gful/s ;dfh

dlxnf ;'v]{t 25/03/2010 dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ g]tf

dlxnf ;'v]{t 25/03/2010 ;fdflhs sfo{stf{–gful/s ;dfh

k'?if ;'v]{t 26/03/2010 g]kfn k|x/L –;'/IffsdL{

dlxnf ;'v]{t 26/03/2010 gful/s ;dfh

dlxnf ;'v]{t 06/04/2010 dlxnf clwsf/ ;DaGwL Pg hL cf]–gful/s ;dfh

k'?if l;Gw'nL 08/04/2010 dfgj clwsf/ lzIff Pj+ hfu/0f s]Gb|–gful/s ;dfh

k'?if l;Gw'nL 08/04/2010 ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd–gful/s ;dfh

k'?if l;Gw'nL 08/04/2010 g]kfnL sfFu|]; kf6L{ g]tfx¿

k'?if l;Gw'nL 09/04/2010 g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3–gful/s ;dfh

k'?if l;Gw'nL 10/04/2010 g]kfn /]8qm;–Pg hL cf]

k'?if l;Gw'nL 10/04/2010 Pkm Pg l; l; cfO{–Jofkf/ ;d'bfo

k'?if l;Gw'nL 10/04/2010 g]kfn k|x/L–;'/IffsdL{

k'?if l;Gw'nL 10/04/2010 Pdfn] kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if l;Gw'nL 12/04/2010 dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if lrtjg 20/04/2010 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf –gful/s ;dfh

k'?if lrtjg 20/04/2010 kqsf/–gful/s ;dfh

k'?if lrtjg 20/04/2010 g]kfn k|x/L, ;'/IffsdL{

k'?if lrtjg 21/04/2010 l; 8L cf] sfof{no–:yfgLo k|zf;s

k'?if lrtjg 21/04/2010 gful/s ;dfh

k'?if lrtjg 21/04/2010 dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if lrtjg 21/04/2010 Pdfn] kf6L{ g]tf

dlxnf lrtjg 21/04/2010 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf – gful/s ;dfh

k'?if lrtjg 21/04/2010 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf – gful/s ;dfh

k'?if lrtjg 23/04/2010 Jofkfl/s g]tf

k'?if gjnk/f;L 27/04/2010 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf – gful/s ;dfh

k'?if lrtjg 28/04/2010 gful/s ;dfh

k'?if sf7df8f}+ 13/05/2010 g]kfn ;]gf–;'/IffsdL{

k'?if bfª 13/05/2010 g]kfn k|x/L–;'/IffsdL{

dlxnf bfª 13/05/2010 g]kfnL sfFu|;–kf6L{ g]tf

dlxnf bfª 13/05/2010 dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ g]tf

dlxnf bfª 13/05/2010 :yflgo k|zf;s

k'?if bfª 13/05/2010 gful/s ;dfh

k'?if sf7df8f}+ 14/05/2010 g]kfn ;]gf–;'/IffsdL{

dlxnf bfª 16/05/2010 g]kfn k|x/L–;'/IffsdL{

dlxnf bfª 16/05/2010 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf – gful/s ;dfh

k'?if /f]Nkf 17/05/2010 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf – gful/s ;dfh

dlxnf /f]Nkf 17/05/2010 :yflgo k|zf;s

k'?if /f]Nkf 17/05/2010 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf – gful/s ;dfh

k'?if /f]Nkf 18/05/2010 kqsf/– gful/s ;dfh

88 ;femf ynf] <

cGtjf{tf lnOPsf k|d'v hfgsf/x¿

:yfg ldlt cGtjf{tf{ ljj/0f

k'?if /f]Nkf 18/05/2010 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] dxf;+3 – gful/s ;dfh

k'?if /f]Nkf 18/05/2010 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf – gful/s ;dfh

k'?if /f]Nkf 19/05/2010 :yflgo k|zf;s

k'?if sf7df8f}+ 19/05/2010 dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if sf7df8f}+ 19/05/2010 g]kfn k|x/L ;'/IffsdL{x¿

k'?if /f]Nkf 19/05/2010 g]kfn k|x/L ;'/IffsdL{x¿

k'?if sf7df8f}+ 20/05/2010 ;+o'Qm dxf;+3sf] k"j{ pkdxf;lrj– gful/s ;dfh

k'?if afFs] 21/05/2010 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf – gful/s ;dfh

k'?if afFs] 22/05/2010 Pkm Pg l; l; cfO{–Jofkfl/s ;d'bfo

k'?if afFs] 22/05/2010 kqsf/ gful/s ;dfh

k'?if afFs] 23/05/2010 dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if alb{of 23/05/2010 dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if alb{of 23/05/2010 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf – gful/s ;dfh

k'?if afFs] 24/05/2010 dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if alb{of 23/05/2010 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf – gful/s ;dfh

k'?if afFs] 24/05/2010 dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if afFs] 25/05/2010 g]kfn k|x/L ;'/IffsdL{

k'?if afFs] 25/05/2010 g]kfn k|x/L ;'/IffsdL{

k'?if sf7df8f}+ 02/06/2010 g]kfnL sfFu]|; kf6L{ g]tf / ljz]if ;ldltsf ;b:o

k'?if sf7df8f}+ 02/06/2010 dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d g]kfn, k|fljlws sld6Lsf ;b:o–/fhlglts g]tf

k'?if sf7df8f}+ 04/06/2010 g]kfnL sfFu|];, ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:o–/fhlglts kf6L{sf g]tf

k'?if sf7df8f}+ 04/06/2010 Pdfn] k|fljlws sld6L ;b:o–/fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tf

k'?if sf7df8f}+ 06/06/2010 g]kfn k|x/L –;'/IffsdL{

k'?if sf7df8f}+ 07/06/2010 gful/s ;dfh

k'?if l;Gw'kfNrf]s 07/06/2010 dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if l;Gw'kfNrf]s 07/06/2010 g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf kqsf/

k'?if l;Gw'kfNrf]s 07/06/2010 Pdfn] kf6L{sf g]tfx¿

k'?if l;Gw'kfNrf]s 07/06/2010 g]kfn k|x/L–;'/IffsdL{x¿

k'?if l;Gw'kfNrf]s 08/06/2010 g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3–Jofkfl/s ;d'bfo

k'?if l;Gw'kfNrf]s 08/06/2010 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3– gful/s ;dfh

k'?if l;Gw'kfNrf]s 08/06/2010 g]kfnL sfFu|]; kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if l;Gw'kfNrf]s 09/06/2010 dfcfjfbL kf6L{sf g]tf -ljz]if sld6Lsf ;b:o_

k'?if sf7df8f}+ 09/06/2010 dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf g]tf

k'?if sf7df8f}+ 09/06/2010 g]kfn k|x/L,;'/IffsdL{

dlxnf dsjfgk'/ 15/06/2010 dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf g]tf

k'?if dsjfgk'/ 105/06/2010 g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3–Jofkfl/s ;d'bfo

k'?if dsjfgk'/ 15/06/2010 g]kfnL sfFu|];sf g]tf

k'?if dsjfgk'/ 15/06/2010 g]kfn k|x/L –;'/IffsdL{

k'?if dsjfgk'/ 16/06/2010 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3– gful/s ;dfh

k'?if dsjfgk'/ 16/06/2010 cf/kLkL g]kfn–/fhlglts kf6L{ g]tf

dlxnf dsjfgk'/ !&÷)^÷@)!) u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf –gful/s ;dfh

k'?if sf7df08f}+ !&÷)^÷@)!) gful/s ;dfh

k'?if sf7df08f}+ @$÷)^÷@)!) g]kfn k|x/L –;'/IffsdL{

k'?if sf7df08f}+ @$÷)^÷@)!) g]kfn k|x/L –;'/IffsdL{

k'?if sf7df08f}+ @$÷)^÷@)!) g]kfn k|x/L –;'/IffsdL{

k'?if sf7df08f}+ @$÷)^÷@)!) g]kfn k|x/L –;'/IffsdL{

k'?if sf7df08f}+ @$÷)^÷@)!) g]kfn k|x/L–;'/IffsdL{

k'?if sf7df08f}+ @*÷)^÷@)!) gful/s ;dfhsf g]tfx¿

k'?if sf7df08f}+ @*÷)^÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ g]tfx¿

k'?if sf7df08f}+ @(÷)^÷@)!) g]kfn k|x/L–;'/IffsdL{

k'?if sf7df08f}+ )!÷)^÷@)!) ;z:q k|x/L an –;'/IffsdL{

;]km/jN8{ 89

cGtjf{tf lnOPsf k|d'v hfgsf/x¿

:yfg ldlt cGtjf{tf{ ljj/0f

k'?if sf7df08f}+ )!÷)^÷@)!) g]kfn k|x/L–;'/IffsdL{

dlxnf sf7df08f}+ )@÷)&÷@)!) gful/s ;dfhsf g]tf

k'?if sf7df08f}+ )@÷)&÷@)!) ;z:q k|x/L an –;'/IffsdL{

k'?if sf7df08f}+ )@÷)&÷@)!) dw];L o'jf d~r g]kfn–/fhgLlts kf6L{ g]tf

k'?if sf7df08f}+ )$÷)&÷@)!) g]kfn k|x/L–;'/IffsdL{

k'?if sf7df08f}+ )$÷)&÷@)!) g]kfn k|x/L–;'/IffsdL{

k'?if sf7df08f}+ )$÷)&÷@)!) Pdfn] kf6L{sf g]tf

k'?if sf7df08f}+ )%÷)&÷@)!) ;z:q k|x/L an –;'/IffsdL{

k'?if sf7df08f}+ )%÷)&÷@)!) ;z:q k|x/L an –;'/IffsdL{

dxLn sf7df08f}+ )%÷)&÷@)!) Pdfn] kf6L{sf g]tf

k'?if sf7df08f}+ )&÷)&÷@)!) Aofkfl/s ;d'bfo

k'?if df]/Ë )#÷)*÷@)!) ;]jf k|bfos

k'?if df]/Ë )#÷)*÷@)!) g]kfn k|x/L–;'/IffsdL{

k'?if df]/Ë )#÷)*÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf g]tf

k'?if df]/Ë )$÷)*÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf g]tf

k'?if df]/Ë )$÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL;Fu cfa¢ /x]sf ;]jf k|bfos

k'?if l;/fxf )%÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL;Fu cfa¢ /x]sf ;]jf k|bfos

k'?if l;/fxf )%÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL;Fu cfa¢ /x]sf tfnLd k|bfos

k'?if l;/fxf )%÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL;Fu cfa¢ /x]sf tflnd k|bfos

k'?if l;/fxf )%÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL ;Fusf tfnLd k|bfos

k'?if l;/fxf )%÷)*÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf g]tfx¿

k'?if s}nfnL !)÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL;Fu cfa¢ /x]sf ;]jf k|bfos

k'?if s}nfnL !)÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL;Fu cfa¢ /x]sf tfnLd k|bfos

k'?if s}nfnL !)÷)*÷@)!) dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf g]tfx¿

k'?if s}nfnL !!÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL;Fu cfa¢ /x]sf tflnd k|bfos

dlxnf s}nfnL !!÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL;+u cfa¢ /x]sf tflnd k|bfos

k'?if s}nfnL !@÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL;Fu cfa¢ /x]sf dgf] ;fdflhs k/fdz{bftf

dxLnf s}nfnL !@÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL;Fu cfa¢ /x]sf tfnLd k|bfos–l6lkcf] g]kfn

k'?if s}nfnL !@÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL;Fu cfa¢ /x]sf ;]jf k|bfos

k'?if s}nfnL !#÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL;Fu cfa¢ /x]sf ;]jf k|bfos

k'?if sf7df08f} !*÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL;Fu cfa¢ /x]sf cfwf/e"t ;]jf k|bfos

k'?if sf7df08f} !*÷)*÷@)!) u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf– gful/s ;dfh

k'?if sf7df08f} !(÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL;Fu cfa¢ /x]sf ;]jf k|bfos

k'?if sf7df08f} #)÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL k|ltlglw -o'Pgl8lk_

k'?if sf7df08f} #)÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL ;d"xsf k|ltlglw -o'Pg]l8lk_

k'?if sf7df08f} #)÷)*÷@)!) o'PgcfOcf/kL k|ltlgwL -o'Pgl8lk_

cg';"lr $

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;]km/jN8{ b u|]:6f]g ;]G6/ @* rfN; :SjfP/ n08g Pg! ̂ Pr6L ;+o'Qm clw/fHo kmf]gM +44 (0)20 7324 4646 ˆofS;M +44 (0)20 7324 4647 Email: general@saferworld.org.uk Web: www.saferworld.org.uk

Registered charity no. 1043843 A company limited by guarantee no. 3015948

ISBN 978‒1‒904833‒53‒6